Earthquake Spectra

Article	Citations
The promise of implementing machine learning in earthquake engineering: A state-of-the-art review	181
The 2018 update of the US National Seismic Hazard Model: Overview of model and implications	120
Classifying earthquake damage to buildings using machine learning	110
Current Challenges and Future Trends in Analytical Fragility and Vulnerability Modeling	103
The GEM Global Active Faults Database	90
Development of a global seismic risk model	78
A global hybrid VS30 map with a topographic slope–based default and regional map insets	64
Development of the 2017 national seismic hazard maps of Indonesia	55
Exposure model for European seismic risk assessment	52
Practical limitations of earthquake early warning	44
An open-source framework for regional earthquake loss estimation using the city-scale nonlinear time history analysis	44
The 2018 version of the Global Earthquake Model: Hazard component	43
Ergodic site amplification model for central and eastern North America	36
EQSIM—A multidisciplinary framework for fault-to-structure earthquake simulations on exascale computers part I: Computational models and workflow	35
Building-damage detection method based on machine learning utilizing aerial photographs of the Kumamoto earthquake	34
Shake-Table Testing of a Full-Scale Two-Story Precast Wall-Slab-Wall Structure	34
Near-fault seismic risk assessment of simply supported bridges	34
Large-scale experimental investigation of a low-cost PVC ‘sand-wich’ (PVC-s) seismic isolation for developing countries	32
Repair costs of reinforced concrete building components: from actual data analysis to calibrated consequence functions	32
NGA-subduction global ground motion models with regional adjustment factors	29
Uncertainty and Correlation in Seismic Vulnerability Functions of Building Classes	29
A machine learning damage prediction model for the 2017 Puebla-Morelos, Mexico, earthquake	29
Self-centering seismic-resistant structures: Historical overview and state-of-the-art	28
Next-generation liquefaction database	26
Simplified seismic loss assessment for optimal structural retrofit of RC buildings	25

κ0for soil sites: Observations from KiK-net sites and their use in constraining small-strain damping profiles for site response analysis	25
Field assessment of liquefaction prediction models based on geotechnical versus geospatial data, with lessons for each	25
PEER NGA-East database	24
An open-source site database of strong-motion stations in Japan: K-NET and KiK-net (v1.0.0)	24
Application of discrete wavelet transform in seismic nonlinear analysis of soil–structure interaction problems	24
Overview of collapsed buildings in Mexico City after the 19 September 2017 (Mw7.1) earthquake	24
NGA-East Ground-Motion Characterization model part I: Summary of products and model development	23
A VS30 Map for New Zealand Based on Geologic and Terrain Proxy Variables and Field Measurements	22
Comparison of macroseismic-intensity scales by considering empirical observations of structural seismic damage	22
Earthquake ground motion and human behavior: Using DYFI data to assess behavioral response to earthquakes	22
Database of rocking shallow foundation performance: Dynamic shaking	22
Fragility curve modifiers for reinforced concrete dual buildings, including nonlinear site effects and soil–structure interaction	21
ShakeMap operations, policies, and procedures	20
EQSIM—A multidisciplinary framework for fault-to-structure earthquake simulations on exascale computers, part II: Regional simulations of building response	20
Capturing epistemic uncertainty in site response	20
Nonlinear site amplification model for ergodic seismic hazard analysis in Central and Eastern North America	20
G-DIF: A geospatial data integration framework to rapidly estimate post-earthquake damage	19
The 2018 national seismic hazard assessment of Australia: Quantifying hazard changes and model uncertainties	19
CPT-based liquefaction case histories compiled from three earthquakes in Canterbury, New Zealand	19
Agent-based model for post-earthquake housing recovery	19
Fragility functions and behavior factors estimation of multi-story cross-laminated timber structures characterized by an energy-dependent hysteretic model	19
Hybrid broadband ground motion simulation validation of small magnitude earthquakes in Canterbury, New Zealand	19
Influence of intensity measure selection on simulation-based regional seismic risk assessment	18
Multi-level conditional spectrum-based record selection for IDA	18
Re-thinking site amplification in regional seismic risk assessment	18
Rapid earthquake loss assessment based on machine learning and representative sampling	17
An updated database for ground motion parameters for KiK-net records	17
Assessment Supporting the Use of Outcropping Rock Evolutionary Intensity Measures for Prediction of Liquefaction Consequences	17
An expert opinion survey on post-hazard restoration of roadways and bridges: Data and key insights	17
NGA-Subduction research program	16
A framework for operationalizing the assessment of post-earthquake functional recovery of buildings	16
Exploring probabilistic seismic risk assessment accounting for seismicity clustering and damage accumulation: Part I. Hazard analysis	16
A rational approach to the conversion of FEMA P-58 seismic repair costs to Europe	16
A probabilistic seismic hazard model for Mainland China	16
Post-earthquake hospital functionality evaluation: The case of Kumamoto Earthquake 2016	15
Quantification of the Influence of Deep Basin Effects on Structural Collapse Using SCEC CyberShake Earthquake Ground Motion Simulations	15
How well can we predict earthquake site response so far? Site-specific approaches	15
Probabilistic seismic risk assessment of India	15
Two-stage nonlinear site amplification modeling for Japan withVS30and fundamental frequency dependency	15
Potential impact of earthquakes during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic	15
Ground motion prediction equations for significant duration using the KiK-net database	15
A horizontal ground-motion model for crustal and subduction earthquakes in Taiwan	15
INSSEPT: An open-source relational database of seismic performance estimation to aid with early design of buildings	15
Exposure forecasting for seismic risk estimation: Application to Costa Rica	14
An analytical framework to assess earthquake-induced downtime and model recovery of buildings	14
An H/V geostatistical approach for building pseudo-3D Vs models to account for spatial variability in ground response analyses Part II: Application to 1D analyses at two downhole array sites	14
Performance group weighting factors for rapid seismic loss estimation of buildings of different usage	14
Response spectral matching of horizontal ground motion components to an orientation-independent spectrum (RotDnn)	14
Damage assessment and seismic behavior of steel buildings during the Mexico earthquake of 19 September 2017	14
Effects of Business Recovery Strategies on Seismic Risk and Cost-Effectiveness of Structural Retrofitting for Business Enterprises	14

Toward functional recovery performance in the seismic design of modern tall buildings	13
A database of seismic designs, nonlinear models, and seismic responses for steel moment-resisting frame buildings	13
Variable resolution probabilistic modeling of residential exposure and vulnerability for risk applications	13
Incorporating societal expectations into seismic performance objectives in building codes	13
Earthquake evacuation simulation of multi-story buildings during earthquakes	13
Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for Taiwan: TEM PSHA2020	13
Ground motion prediction equation for Taiwan subduction zone earthquakes	13
Database of rocking shallow foundation performance: Slow-cyclic and monotonic loading	13
Simulating the shake table response of unreinforced masonry cavity wall structures tested to collapse or near-collapse conditions	13
Empirical damage and liquefaction fragility curves from 2012 Emilia earthquake data	13
An H/V geostatistical approach for building pseudo-3D Vs models to account for spatial variability in ground response analyses Part I: Model development	13
Seismic Fragilities of High-Voltage Substation Disconnect Switches	13
The quest for resilience: The Chilean practice of seismic design for reinforced concrete buildings	12
Story loss functions for seismic design and assessment: Development of tools and application	12
The US Geological Survey ground failure product: Near-real-time estimates of earthquake-triggered landslides and liquefaction	12
A domestic earthquake impact alert protocol based on the combined USGS PAGER and FEMA Hazus loss estimation systems	12
Intensity-based demand and capacity factor design: A visual format for safety checking	12
Correlations of spectral accelerations in the Chilean subduction zone	12
Effect of skew on the minimum support length requirements of single-span bridges with seat-type abutments	11
A database of test results from steel and reinforced concrete infilled frame experiments	11
NGA-Sub source and path database	11
Post-earthquake assessment of moderately damaged reinforced concrete plastic hinges	11
Assessing post-disaster recovery using sentiment analysis: The case of L’Aquila, Italy	11
Design strategies to achieve target collapse risks for reinforced concrete wall buildings in sedimentary basins	11
Isolating the effect of ground-motion duration on structural damage and collapse of steel frame buildings	10
Numerical implementation of variable friction sliding base isolators and preliminary experimental results	10
Building Structural Systems in Christchurch's Post-Earthquake Reconstruction	10
Significance of site natural period effects for linear site amplification in central and eastern North America: Empirical and simulation-based models	10
Household adjustment to seismicity in Oklahoma	10
The SAFER geodatabase for the Kathmandu valley: Bayesian kriging for data-scarce regions	10
Ductile iron pipeline response to earthquake-induced ground rupture	10
Comparison of traditional vs low-damage structural and non-structural building systems through a cost/performance-based evaluation	10
Simulation-based site amplification model for shallow bedrock sites in Korea	10
Modeling nonlinear site effects in physics-based ground motion simulations of the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence	10
Selecting, scaling, and orienting three components of ground motions for intensity-based assessments at far-field sites	10
Statistical analysis of earthquake debris extent from wood-frame buildings and its use in road networks in Japan	10
Seismic performance of squat thin reinforced concrete walls for low-rise constructions	10
The SAFER geodatabase for the Kathmandu Valley: Geotechnical and geological variability	10
Patterns of earthquake-related mortality at a whole-country level: New Zealand, 1840–2017	9
Multi-hazard parametric catastrophe bond trigger design for subduction earthquakes and tsunamis	9
Exploring probabilistic seismic risk assessment accounting for seismicity clustering and damage accumulation: Part II. Risk analysis	9
Response study of the tallest California building inferred from the Mw7.1 Ridgecrest, California earthquake of 5 July 2019 and ambient motions	9
Intensity and damage statistics of the September 19, 2017 Mexico earthquake: Influence of soft story and corner asymmetry on the damage reported during the earthquake	9
Data-driven seismic response prediction of structural components	9
Implementing horizontal-to-vertical Fourier spectral ratios and spatial correlation in a ground-motion prediction equation to predict site effects	9
A relational database to support post-earthquake building damage and recovery assessment	9
Seismic risk assessment for the residential buildings of the major three cities in Colombia: Bogotá, Medellín, and Cali	9
An exploration of the use of machine learning to predict lateral spreading	8
Scaling relations between seismic moment and rupture area of earthquakes in stable continental regions	8
Simulation Framework for Infilled RC Frames Subjected to Seismic Loads	8
Efficiency of ground motion intensity measures with earthquake-induced earth dam deformations	8
Influence of ground motion duration on the dynamic deformation capacity of reinforced concrete frame structures	8
Ground motion prediction equation for crustal earthquakes in Taiwan	8
Proposed methodology for estimating the magnitude at which subduction megathrust ground motions and source dimensions exhibit a break in magnitude scaling: Example for 79 global subduction zones	8
Should we build better? The case for resilient earthquake design in the United States	8
Efficient intensity measures and machine learning algorithms for collapse prediction of tall buildings informed by SCEC CyberShake ground motion simulations	8
Response of Mid-Rise Reinforced Concrete Frame Buildings to the 2017 Puebla Earthquake	8
Seismic gap between buildings founded on different soil types experiencing pounding during earthquakes	8
The 2018 update of the US National Seismic Hazard Model: Ground motion models in the western US	8
Data set from shake table tests of free-standing rocking bodies	8
Site parameters applied in NGA-Sub database	8
Multi-method site characterization to verify the hard rock (Site Class A) assumption at 25 seismograph stations across Eastern Canada	7
California Ground Motion Vertical Array Database	7
Numerical prediction of settlement due to the Pohang earthquake	7
Summary of the Abrahamson and Gulerce NGA-SUB ground-motion model for subduction earthquakes	7
Modulus reductions of dam embankment materials based on downhole array time series	7
Correlation of spectral acceleration values of vertical and horizontal ground motion pairs	7
Multi-criteria decision-making approach for optimal seismic/energy retrofitting of existing buildings	7
The 1-D and 2-D Seismic Modeling of Deep Quaternary Basin (Downtown L'Aquila, Central Italy)	7
An agent-based financing model for post-earthquake housing recovery: Quantifying recovery inequalities across income groups	7
Forensic PSHA: Benchmarking Canada’s Fifth Generation seismic hazard model using the OpenQuake-engine	7
Magnitude thresholds and spatial footprints of damage from induced earthquakes	7
Ground motion prediction equations for Arias Intensity using the Kik-net database	7
The search for hard-rock kappa (κ) in NGA-East: A semi-automated method for large, challenging datasets in stable continental regions	7
Modeling spatial cross-correlation of multiple ground motion intensity measures (SAs, PGA, PGV, Ia, CAV, and significant durations) based on principal component and geostatistical analyses	7
Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis model for the Philippines	7
Strength resistance factors for seismic design of exposed based plate connections in special steel moment resisting frames	7
Significance of Ground Motion Scaling Parameters on Amplitude of Scale Factors and Seismic Response of Short- and Long-Period Structures	7
Modeling housing recovery after the 2018 Lombok earthquakes using a stochastic queuing model	7
Three-dimensional nonlinear response history analyses for earthquake damage assessment: A reinforced concrete wall building case study	7

A probabilistic design method to achieve targeted levels of reliability for seismically isolated structures	7
A fragility-oriented approach for seismic retrofit design	7
Time-dependent seismic hazard and risk due to wastewater injection in Oklahoma	7
Ground-motion models for Vrancea intermediate-depth earthquakes	7
A procedure for matching the near-fault ground motions based on spectral accelerations and instantaneous power	6
Effect of bidirectional excitation on seismic performance of regular RC frame buildings designed for modern codes	6
Seismic loss analysis of buildings with post-tensioned cross-laminated timber walls	6
The disaster resilience value of shared rooftop solar systems in residential communities	6
The total costs of seismic retrofits: State of the art	6
From information to public preparedness in the Cascadia Subduction Zone: Examining risk communication outcomes in Metropolitan Portland, OR	6
Probabilistic performance-based seismic assessment of an existing masonry building	6
A mixed-mode data collection approach for building inventory development: Application to school buildings in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia	6
Selection of random vibration theory procedures for the NGA-East project and ground-motion modeling	6
Wellington’s earthquake resilience: Lessons from the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake	6
A Neural Network for Automated Quality Screening of Ground Motion Records from Small Magnitude Earthquakes	6
Cause and level of treatment of injuries from earthquake damage to commercial buildings in New Zealand	6
Observations of Rayleigh waves in Mexico City Valley during the 19 September 2017 Puebla–Morelos, Mexico earthquake	6
“q-NAVI”: A case of market-based implementation of structural health monitoring in Japan	6
Constant-ductility energy factors of SDOF systems subjected to mainshock–aftershock sequences	6
Steel flexure and shear yielding base-mechanism for enhanced seismic resilience of RC core wall high-rise structures	6
The Estimated Carbon Cost of Concrete Building Demolitions following the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence	6
An efficient algorithm to simulate hazard-targeted site-based synthetic ground motions	6
Conducting 1D site response analyses to capture 2D VS spatial variability effects	6
Testing machine learning models for seismic damage prediction at a regional scale using building-damage dataset compiled after the 2015 Gorkha Nepal earthquake	6
Dataset from the shake table tests of a rocking podium structure	6
Relational database used for ground-motion model development in the NGA-sub project	6
Host-region parameters for an adjustable model for crustal earthquakes to facilitate the implementation of the backbone approach to building ground-motion logic trees in probabilistic seismic hazard a	6
Ground motions in urban Los Angeles from the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence	6
Adoption of seismic-resistant techniques in reconstructed housing in the aftermath of Nepal’s 2015 Gorkha earthquake	5
Spectral matching RotD100 target spectra: Effect on records characteristics and seismic response	5
Estimating lifeline resilience factors using post-disaster business recovery data	5
Toward a uniform earthquake loss model across Central America	5
Undrained seismic bearing capacity of strip footings horizontally embedded in two-layered slopes	5
The Behavior of the Salesforce Tower, the Tallest Building in San Francisco, California Inferred from Earthquake and Ambient Shaking	5
Performance of flexible frame building with horizontal and 3D seismic isolation when subjected to 3D ground shaking	5
Observed damage in public school buildings during the 2017 Mexico earthquakes	5
Merging data and experts’ knowledge-based weights for ranking GMPEs	5
Probabilistic seismic hazard assessments for Northern Southeast Asia (Indochina): Smooth seismicity approach	5
A Texas-specific VS30 map incorporating geology and VS30 observations	5
A subset of CyberShake ground-motion time series for response-history analysis	5
Simulation and analysis of a vertically irregular building subjected to near-fault ground motions	5
Development of NGA-Sub ground-motion prediction equation of 5%-damped pseudo-spectral acceleration based on database of subduction earthquakes in Japan	5
Can geotechnical liquefaction indices serve as predictors of foundation settlement?	5
2021 US National Seismic Hazard Model for the State of Hawaii	5
Seismic assessment of reinforced concrete columns with short lap splices	5
ATC Mw7.1 Puebla-Morelos earthquake reconnaissance observations: Structural observations and instrumentation	5
2D Geotechnical site-response analysis including soil heterogeneity and wave scattering	5
A predictive modeling approach to estimating seismic retrofit costs	5
Updated ground motion prediction model for Mexican intermediate-depth intraslab earthquakes includingV/Hratios	5
Quantifying nuisance ground motion thresholds for induced earthquakes	5
Assessment of the seismic safety of school buildings in Mexico: A first look	5
An efficient Bayesian framework for updating PAGER loss estimates	5
Seismic fragility of bridges: An approach coupling multiple-stripe analysis and Gaussian mixture for multicomponent structures	5
The interpretation of cumulative damage from the building response observed in Mexico City during the 19 September 2017 earthquake	5
Induced earthquake damage assessment methodology for potential hydraulic fracturing sites: Application to Manaus, Brazil	5
A stochastic model for time series prediction of the number of post-earthquake fire ignitions in buildings based on the ignition record for the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake	5
E-Cloud: Efficient seismic fragility assessment of structures based on enhanced cloud analysis	5
Seismic performance improvement of ±800 kV UHV DC wall busing using friction ring spring dampers	4
A mathematical form of probabilistic vulnerability model for loss and casualty ratios	4
Site response of sedimentary basins and other geomorphic provinces in southern California	4
Assessing the value of removing earthquake-hazard-related epistemic uncertainties, exemplified using average annual loss in California	4
Seismic failure of an old pier during the 2014 Mw8.2, Pisagua, Chile earthquake	4
New conditional, scenario-based, and non-conditional cumulative absolute velocity models for subduction tectonic settings	4
On the feasibility of IoT-based smart meters for earthquake early warning	4
Seismic collapse performance of steel special moment frames designed using different analysis methods	4
A suite of ground motion prediction equations for cumulative absolute velocity in shallow crustal earthquakes including epistemic uncertainty	4
An archive of data from resonant column and cyclic torsional shear tests performed on Italian clays	4
Identification of optimal ground-motion intensity measures for assessing liquefaction triggering and lateral displacement of liquefiable sloping grounds	4
A Geotechnical Database for Utah (GeoDU) enabling quantification of geotechnical properties of surficial geologic units for geohazard assessments	4
Proposal of orientation-independent measure of intensity for earthquake-resistant design	4
NGA-East ground-motion characterization model Part II: Implementation and hazard implications	4
Impact of partially non-ergodic site-specific probabilistic seismic hazard on risk assessment of single buildings	4
Probabilistic seismic risk assessment for the Eastern Himalayas, China	4
The effect of spectral shape on damping modification factors	4
Damping modification factors for the design of seismic isolation systems in Peru	4
Testing of URM wall-to-diaphragm through-bolt plate anchor connections	4
Impacts of the 2018 M7.1 Anchorage earthquake on schools	4
Fragility-based methodology for evaluating the time-dependent seismic performance of post-tensioned timber frames	4
Experimental testing on nonstructural continuous plasterboard suspended ceiling systems under shake table-generated motions	4
RESPONSE TO Discussion of “What is the smallest earthquake magnitude that needs to be considered in assessing liquefaction hazard?” by Roger MW Musson	4
Ground-motion model for subduction earthquakes in northern South America	4
Improvement of the polyurethane spring isolation device for HV post insulators and its evaluation by fragility curves	4
Risk-targeted alternatives to deterministic ground motion caps in U.S. seismic provisions	3
Impact of ground-motion duration on nonlinear structural performance: Part I: spectrally equivalent records and inelastic single-degree-of-freedom systems	3
A procedure to develop a backbone ground-motion model: A case study for its implementation	3
Indicators of improvements in seismic performance possible through retrofit of reinforced concrete frame buildings	3
Cyclic Pushover Method for Seismic Assessment under Multiple Earthquakes	3
Effects of long-period processing on structural collapse predictions	3
Post-earthquake cordons and their implications	3
Study on normalization of residual displacements for single-degree-of-freedom systems	3
Development of a companion questionnaire for “Did You Feel It?”: Assessing response in earthquakes where an earthquake early warning may have been received	3
A ground-motion prediction model for small-to-moderate induced earthquakes for Central and Eastern United States	3
The 2018 update of the US National Seismic Hazard Model: Additional period and site class data	3
Observations about the seismic response of RC buildings in Mexico City	3
Tunnel performance during the Puebla-Mexico 19 September 2017 earthquake	3
Centrifuge testing of soil–structure interaction effects on cyclic failure potential of fine-grained soil	3
Post-earthquake fast damage assessment using residual displacement and seismic energy: Application to Mexico City	3
A comparative study of seismic analysis, design, and collapse safety margins of tall buildings in the United States and Japan: Part II: comparison of seismic capacity and collapse safety margin	3
Monitoring of a rehabilitated building in soft soil in Mexico and structural response to September 2017 earthquakes: Part 2: Numerical simulation	3
DISCUSSION OF “What is the smallest earthquake magnitude that needs to be considered in assessing liquefaction hazard?”: By R. A. Green and J. J. Bommer, Earthquake Spectra, vol. 35, no. 3 (Mar	3
Seismic characterization of steel special moment frames subjected to megathrust earthquakes	3
The 2018 update of the US National Seismic Hazard Model: Ground motion models in the central and eastern US	3
Chilean liquefaction case history database	3
The effect of soil nonlinearity on high-frequency spectral decay and implications for site response analysis	3
Performance of externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer retrofits in the 2018 Cook Inlet Earthquake in Anchorage, Alaska	3
Comparisons of the NGA-Subduction ground motion models	3
Estimating epistemic uncertainty in soil parameters for nonlinear site response analyses: Introducing the Latin Hypercube Sampling technique	3
The role of risk measures in making seismic upgrading decisions	3
Seismic performance of UHV composite post electrical equipment interconnected using a rigid bus with a sliding fitting	3
Database on seismic response of instrumented flood control levees	3
Spectral damping scaling factors for horizontal components of ground motions from subduction earthquakes using NGA-Subduction data	3
Seismic rehabilitation of concrete buildings after the 1985 and 2017 earthquakes in Mexico City	3
Rocking response of liquid-filled cylindrical tanks	3
How well can we predict earthquake site response so far? Machine learning vs physics-based modeling	3
Experimental study on seismic performance of strengthening masonry wall using hybrid fiber-reinforced reactive powder concrete	3
Shear-wave velocity measurements and their uncertainties at six industrial sites	3
Local residents’ immediate responses to the 2018 Indonesia earthquake and tsunami	3
A database of ground motion recordings, site profiles, and amplification factors from the Groningen gas field in the Netherlands	3
High-resolution post-earthquake recovery simulation: Impact of safety cordons	3
The 2018 update of the US National Seismic Hazard Model: Where, why, and how much probabilistic ground motion maps changed	3
Site-specific adjustment framework for incremental dynamic analysis (SAF-IDA)	3
Shake table tests of seven-story reinforced concrete structures with torsional irregularities: Test program and datasets	3
Vertical ground-motion prediction equation and the vertical-to-horizontal spectral ratio for crustal earthquakes in Taiwan	3
Empirical Data about Direct Economic Consequences of Emilia-Romagna 2012 Earthquake on Long-Span-Beam Buildings	3
Evolution of seismic design codes of highway bridges in Chile	3
A near-real-time model for estimating probability of road obstruction due to earthquake-triggered landslides	3
Surface Faulting and Ground Deformation: Considerations on Their Lower Detectable Limit and on FDHA for Nuclear Installations	3
Geotechnical lessons from the Mw 7.1 2018 Anchorage Alaska earthquake	3
Ergodic site response model for subduction zone regions	3