Materials Today Bio

Papers
(The median citation count of Materials Today Bio is 4. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2020-09-01 to 2024-09-01.)
ArticleCitations
Smart/stimuli-responsive hydrogels: Cutting-edge platforms for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications163
Advanced application of stimuli-responsive drug delivery system for inflammatory arthritis treatment135
A tough act to follow: collagen hydrogel modifications to improve mechanical and growth factor loading capabilities128
The mechanical characterization of blood vessels and their substitutes in the continuous quest for physiological-relevant performances. A critical review118
Extracellular vesicle-loaded hydrogels for tissue repair and regeneration110
Micro/nanoscale magnetic robots for biomedical applications95
Recent progress of antibacterial hydrogels in wound dressings90
Magnetoelectric effect: principles and applications in biology and medicine– a review73
Reactive-oxygen-species-scavenging nanomaterials for resolving inflammation70
Electrospun strong, bioactive, and bioabsorbable silk fibroin/poly (L-lactic-acid) nanoyarns for constructing advanced nanotextile tissue scaffolds63
Towards principled design of cancer nanomedicine to accelerate clinical translation61
Recent advances in responsive hydrogels for diabetic wound healing56
The waves that make the pattern: a review on acoustic manipulation in biomedical research54
An open-source handheld extruder loaded with pore-forming bioink for in situ wound dressing54
Mesoporous bioactive glasses for regenerative medicine54
Recent advances in multifunctional nanomaterials for photothermal-enhanced Fenton-based chemodynamic tumor therapy51
Strategies to improve bioactive and antibacterial properties of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) for use as orthopedic implants50
Electronic textiles: New age of wearable technology for healthcare and fitness solutions49
Bioactive glasses and glass–ceramics for hyperthermia treatment of cancer: state-of-art, challenges, and future perspectives45
High-resolution lithographic biofabrication of hydrogels with complex microchannels from low-temperature-soluble gelatin bioresins45
Scaffolds in the microbial resistant era: Fabrication, materials, properties and tissue engineering applications44
Modulation of macrophages by a paeoniflorin-loaded hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel promotes diabetic wound healing44
Injectable hyaluronic acid hydrogel loaded with BMSC and NGF for traumatic brain injury treatment43
Bio-based and bio-inspired adhesives from animals and plants for biomedical applications42
Antibacterial coatings on orthopedic implants42
Bioinspired silk fibroin materials: From silk building blocks extraction and reconstruction to advanced biomedical applications42
Aurora Borealis in dentistry: The applications of cold plasma in biomedicine41
Design strategies for adhesive hydrogels with natural antibacterial agents as wound dressings: Status and trends41
ADSC-exo@MMP-PEG smart hydrogel promotes diabetic wound healing by optimizing cellular functions and relieving oxidative stress40
Recent developments in bio-scaffold materials as delivery strategies for therapeutics for endometrium regeneration40
Advances in the development of biodegradable coronary stents: A translational perspective40
Cerium oxide nanoparticles: Synthesis methods and applications in wound healing40
Cell membrane camouflaged biomimetic nanoparticles: Focusing on tumor theranostics39
3D-Printed PCL/Zn scaffolds for bone regeneration with a dose-dependent effect on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis39
Recent advances in decellularized biomaterials for wound healing38
Mussel-inspired collagen-hyaluronic acid composite scaffold with excellent antioxidant properties and sustained release of a growth factor for enhancing diabetic wound healing38
ROS-responsive nanoparticles for oral delivery of luteolin and targeted therapy of ulcerative colitis by regulating pathological microenvironment38
Fabrication of gelatin-based and Zn2+-incorporated composite hydrogel for accelerated infected wound healing37
Engineering a naturally derived hemostatic sealant for sealing internal organs36
Injectable multifunctional CMC/HA-DA hydrogel for repairing skin injury35
Injectable hydrogels in central nervous system: Unique and novel platforms for promoting extracellular matrix remodeling and tissue engineering35
Enzyme-mediated one-pot synthesis of hydrogel with the polyphenol cross-linker for skin regeneration35
3D-bioprinted peptide coupling patches for wound healing34
Functionalizing multi-component bioink with platelet-rich plasma for customized in-situ bilayer bioprinting for wound healing34
Architecting polyelectrolyte hydrogels with Cu-assisted polydopamine nanoparticles for photothermal antibacterial therapy34
Collagen fibril formation in vitro: From origin to opportunities34
Synthetic biology as driver for the biologization of materials sciences33
Polydopamine, harness of the antibacterial potentials-A review33
Silk fibroin nanofibers: a promising ink additive for extrusion three-dimensional bioprinting33
Current status and future potential of wear-resistant coatings and articulating surfaces for hip and knee implants32
Peptide-based delivery of therapeutics in cancer treatment32
Engineered hyaluronic acid-decorated niosomal nanoparticles for controlled and targeted delivery of epirubicin to treat breast cancer32
Human metabolite detection by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy32
Glucose/ROS cascade-responsive ceria nanozymes for diabetic wound healing32
Self-assembly of Peptide dendrimers and their bio-applications in theranostics32
Self-assembled porphyrin polymer nanoparticles with NIR-II emission and highly efficient photothermal performance in cancer therapy31
Construction of multifunctional porcine acellular dermal matrix hydrogel blended with vancomycin for hemorrhage control, antibacterial action, and tissue repair in infected trauma wounds31
Dual-functional composite scaffolds for inhibiting infection and promoting bone regeneration31
HIF-1α overexpression in mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome-encapsulated arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) hydrogels boost therapeutic efficacy of cardiac repair after myocardial infarction30
Novel fusion peptides deliver exosomes to modify injectable thermo-sensitive hydrogels for bone regeneration29
Supramolecular assemblies based on natural small molecules: Union would be effective29
Hydrogels as delivery systems for spinal cord injury regeneration29
Recent advances on bioactive baghdadite ceramic for bone tissue engineering applications: 20 years of research and innovation (a review)29
Stem cell membrane-camouflaged targeted delivery system in tumor28
Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of cerium-containing mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles for drug-free biomedical applications28
Antibacterial smart hydrogels: New hope for infectious wound management28
Nanocellulose composite wound dressings for real-time pH wound monitoring28
Plasmonic nanosensors for point-of-care biomarker detection28
Bioprinting a skin patch with dual-crosslinked gelatin (GelMA) and silk fibroin (SilMA): An approach to accelerating cutaneous wound healing28
Multifunctional polyphenol-based silk hydrogel alleviates oxidative stress and enhances endogenous regeneration of osteochondral defects28
Harnessing reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and inflammation: Nanodrugs for liver injury28
The balanced microenvironment regulated by the degradants of appropriate PLGA scaffolds and chitosan conduit promotes peripheral nerve regeneration28
Modification of the surface nanotopography of implant devices: A translational perspective28
Progress in the application of sustained-release drug microspheres in tissue engineering28
Dexamethasone-loaded zeolitic imidazolate frameworks nanocomposite hydrogel with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects for periodontitis treatment28
Designing functional hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering28
Nanomaterial-based biosensor developing as a route toward in vitro diagnosis of early ovarian cancer27
Intra-articular nanoparticles based therapies for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis management27
In-situ formed elastin-based hydrogels enhance wound healing via promoting innate immune cells recruitment and angiogenesis27
3D bioprinting of in situ vascularized tissue engineered bone for repairing large segmental bone defects27
Lignocellulose dissociation with biological pretreatment towards the biochemical platform: A review26
Assessing cell migration in hydrogels: An overview of relevant materials and methods26
Long-term antibacterial properties of a nanostructured titanium alloy surface: An in vitro study26
Multi-material electrospinning: from methods to biomedical applications26
Catechol-chitosan/polyacrylamide hydrogel wound dressing for regulating local inflammation26
Bioactive peptides laden nano and micro-sized particles enriched ECM inspired dressing for skin regeneration in diabetic wounds26
Octahedral Pt-MOF with Au deposition for plasmonic effect and Schottky junction enhanced hydrogenothermal therapy of rheumatoid arthritis25
Functional acellular matrix for tissue repair25
Design and application of stimuli-responsive DNA hydrogels: A review25
Mesoporous silicas in materials engineering: Nanodevices for bionanotechnologies25
Emerging nanosonosensitizers augment sonodynamic-mediated antimicrobial therapies25
3D printed gelatin/decellularized bone composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: Fabrication, characterization and cytocompatibility study24
Vascularized pulp regeneration via injecting simvastatin functionalized GelMA cryogel microspheres loaded with stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth24
Smartphone-based mobile biosensors for the point-of-care testing of human metabolites24
In situ forming and biocompatible hyaluronic acid hydrogel with reactive oxygen species-scavenging activity to improve traumatic brain injury repair by suppressing oxidative stress and neuroinflammati24
Abdominal wall hernia repair: from prosthetic meshes to smart materials23
High value valorization of lignin as environmental benign antimicrobial23
The translational paradigm of nanobiomaterials: Biological chemistry to modern applications23
Induction of ferroptosis using functionalized iron-based nanoparticles for anti-cancer therapy23
Human urine-derived stem cell exosomes delivered via injectable GelMA templated hydrogel accelerate bone regeneration23
An injectable and self-healing hydrogel with dual physical crosslinking for in-situ bone formation23
3D-printed scaffold combined to 2D osteoinductive coatings to repair a critical-size mandibular bone defect23
Long term expansion profile of mesenchymal stromal cells at protein nanosheet-stabilised bioemulsions for next generation cell culture microcarriers22
In vivo imaging of fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes within C. elegans nematodes in the near-infrared window22
Multifunctional carbon nanomaterials for diagnostic applications in infectious diseases and tumors22
Platelet lysates-based hydrogels incorporating bioactive mesoporous silica nanoparticles for stem cell osteogenic differentiation22
M2 macrophage-derived exosome-encapsulated microneedles with mild photothermal therapy for accelerated diabetic wound healing22
Cell membrane-coated nanomaterials for cancer therapy22
IGF2BP3 is an essential N6-methyladenosine biotarget for suppressing ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cells22
The application of 3D bioprinting in urological diseases22
A 3D bioprinted nano-laponite hydrogel construct promotes osteogenesis by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway22
Biomimetic semiconducting polymer dots for highly specific NIR-II fluorescence imaging of glioma22
Microfluidic mechanoporation for cellular delivery and analysis22
4D-printed bilayer hydrogel with adjustable bending degree for enteroatmospheric fistula closure21
Unlocking the magic in mycelium: Using synthetic biology to optimize filamentous fungi for biomanufacturing and sustainability21
Localized disruption of redox homeostasis boosting ferroptosis of tumor by hydrogel delivery system21
Bilateral double site (calvarial and mandibular) critical-size bone defect model in rabbits for evaluation of a craniofacial tissue engineering constructs21
Bench-to-bedside: Feasibility of nano-engineered and drug-delivery biomaterials for bone-anchored implants and periodontal applications21
NIR-light-controlled G-quadruplex hydrogel for synergistically enhancing photodynamic therapy via sustained delivery of metformin and catalase-like activity in breast cancer20
Biomaterials by design: Harnessing data for future development20
Programming assembly of biomimetic exosomes: An emerging theranostic nanomedicine platform20
Mechanisms of instantaneous inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by silicon nitride bioceramic20
Promoting endogenous articular cartilage regeneration using extracellular matrix scaffolds20
Engineered M13 phage as a novel therapeutic bionanomaterial for clinical applications: From tissue regeneration to cancer therapy20
Antibacterial Ti–Cu implants: A critical review on mechanisms of action20
Biocompatible copper sulfide–based nanocomposites for artery interventional chemo-photothermal therapy of orthotropic hepatocellular carcinoma20
Smartphone-integrated colorimetric sensor array-based reader system and fluorometric detection of dopamine in male and female geriatric plasma by bluish-green fluorescent carbon quantum dots20
Bioadhesive eutectogels supporting drug nanocrystals for long-acting delivery to mucosal tissues20
Optical diagnostic imaging and therapy for thyroid cancer20
A metastasis-on-a-chip approach to explore the sympathetic modulation of breast cancer bone metastasis19
Gold nanomaterials for oral cancer diagnosis and therapy: Advances, challenges, and prospects19
Hybridizing gellan/alginate and thixotropic magnesium phosphate-based hydrogel scaffolds for enhanced osteochondral repair19
Advances in Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 as a customizable drug delivery system for disease treatment and diagnosis strategies19
3D-printed placental-derived bioinks for skin tissue regeneration with improved angiogenesis and wound healing properties19
A two-in-one Janus NIR-II AIEgen with balanced absorption and emission for image-guided precision surgery19
Research progress of polyphenols in nanoformulations for antibacterial application19
An all-silk-derived bilayer hydrogel for osteochondral tissue engineering19
Recent advances in biosensors for real time monitoring of pH, temperature, and oxygen in chronic wounds19
Engineering Fe/Mn-doped zinc oxide nanosonosensitizers for ultrasound-activated and multiple ferroptosis-augmented nanodynamic tumor suppression19
Designing of spider silk proteins for human induced pluripotent stem cell-based cardiac tissue engineering19
Engineering hyaluronic acid-based cryogels for CD44-mediated breast tumor reconstruction19
Dendrimer-based nanohybrids in cancer photomedicine19
Exosomes derived from magnetically actuated bone mesenchymal stem cells promote tendon-bone healing through the miR-21-5p/SMAD7 pathway18
Nano-crosslinked dynamic hydrogels for biomedical applications18
Biofabrication of a shape-stable auricular structure for the reconstruction of ear deformities18
An ultra-sensitive electrochemical biosensor using the Spike protein for capturing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in point-of-care18
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction18
Multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor nanoparticle delivery systems for cancer therapy18
Wearable non-invasive glucose sensors based on metallic nanomaterials18
Sustained release of naringin from silk-fibroin-nanohydroxyapatite scaffold for the enhancement of bone regeneration18
PVA/pectin composite hydrogels inducing osteogenesis for bone regeneration18
Recent advances on nanomaterials for antibacterial treatment of oral diseases18
Low dose novel PARP-PI3K inhibition via nanoformulation improves colorectal cancer immunoradiotherapy18
Tumor extracellular matrix modulating strategies for enhanced antitumor therapy of nanomedicines18
Nanomaterials assisted exosomes isolation and analysis towards liquid biopsy17
Photo-degradable, tough and highly stretchable hydrogels17
Accelerating the excisional wound closure by using the patterned microstructural nanofibrous mats/gentamicin-loaded hydrogel composite scaffold17
DLP-based bioprinting of void-forming hydrogels for enhanced stem-cell-mediated bone regeneration17
3D-printed high-density polyethylene scaffolds with bioactive and antibacterial layer-by-layer modification for auricle reconstruction17
Scaffold-based developmental tissue engineering strategies for ectodermal organ regeneration17
Cellular reprogramming with multigene activation by the delivery of CRISPR/dCas9 ribonucleoproteins via magnetic peptide-imprinted chitosan nanoparticles17
Basement membrane properties and their recapitulation in organ-on-chip applications17
Generation of cytocompatible superhydrophobic Zr–Cu–Ag metallic glass coatings with antifouling properties for medical textiles17
Functional resveratrol-biodegradable manganese doped silica nanoparticles for the spinal cord injury treatment17
Fusing spheroids to aligned μ-tissues in a heart-on-chip featuring oxygen sensing and electrical pacing capabilities16
Enhanced fluorescence/magnetic resonance dual imaging and gene therapy of liver cancer using cationized amylose nanoprobe16
Aptamer engineering exosomes loaded on biomimetic periosteum to promote angiogenesis and bone regeneration by targeting injured nerves via JNK3 MAPK pathway16
Fabrication of biphasic cartilage-bone integrated scaffolds based on tissue-specific photo-crosslinkable acellular matrix hydrogels16
Brain microvascular endothelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells as in vitro model for assessing blood-brain barrier transferrin receptor-mediated transcytosis16
Bioinspired sandwich-like hybrid surface functionalized scaffold capable of regulating osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis for robust bone regeneration16
Encapsulation of bacterial cells in cytoprotective ZIF-90 crystals as living composites16
Arbutin-modified microspheres prevent osteoarthritis progression by mobilizing local anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses16
Blood, sweat, and tears: extraterrestrial regolith biocomposites with in vivo binders16
The CuO and AgO co-modified ZnO nanocomposites for promoting wound healing in Staphylococcus aureus infection16
Polymeric nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction: Challenges and future prospects16
Horizon of exosome-mediated bone tissue regeneration: The all-rounder role in biomaterial engineering16
Engineering injectable, biocompatible, and highly elastic bioadhesive cryogels15
A minimalist and robust chemo-photothermal nanoplatform capable of augmenting autophagy-modulated immune response against breast cancer15
A nanosized anionic MOF with rich thiadiazole groups for controlled oral drug delivery15
A novel tropoelastin-based resorbable surgical mesh for pelvic organ prolapse repair15
Dual-targeted carbon-dot-drugs nanoassemblies for modulating Alzheimer's related amyloid-β aggregation and inhibiting fungal infection15
Overcoming challenges in the delivery of STING agonists for cancer immunotherapy: A comprehensive review of strategies and future perspectives15
Potential of CO2-laser processing of quartz for fast prototyping of microfluidic reactors and templates for 3D cell assembly over large scale15
Nanobiotechnology to advance stress resilience in plants: Current opportunities and challenges15
Design of biopolymer-based hemostatic material: Starting from molecular structures and forms15
Paper-based plasmonic substrates as surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy platforms for cell culture applications15
The response of soft tissue cells to Ti implants is modulated by blood-implant interactions14
Organic persistent luminescence imaging for biomedical applications14
Cascade-activatable NO release based on GSH-detonated “nanobomb” for multi-pathways cancer therapy14
Synergy between silk fibroin and ionic liquids for active gas-sensing materials14
PEIGel: A biocompatible and injectable scaffold with innate immune adjuvanticity for synergized local immunotherapy14
Collagen for neural tissue engineering: Materials, strategies, and challenges14
Tissue-engineered small-diameter vascular grafts containing novel copper-doped bioactive glass biomaterials to promote angiogenic activity and endothelial regeneration14
A two-phase and long-lasting multi-antibacterial coating enables titanium biomaterials to prevent implants-related infections14
Granular honeycomb scaffolds composed of carbonate apatite for simultaneous intra- and inter-granular osteogenesis and angiogenesis14
Repair of osteochondral defects mediated by double-layer scaffolds with natural osteochondral-biomimetic microenvironment and interface14
Synergistic hydroxyl radical formation, system XC- inhibition and heat shock protein crosslinking tango in ferrotherapy: A prove-of-concept study of “sword and shield” theory14
Exploring the application and mechanism of sodium hyaluronate in cryopreservation of red blood cells14
Bioengineered Co-culture of organoids to recapitulate host-microbe interactions14
Systemic delivery of tenofovir alafenamide using dissolving and implantable microneedle patches14
Functionalization of biomimetic mineralized collagen for bone tissue engineering14
Theragnostic application of nanoparticle and CRISPR against food-borne multi-drug resistant pathogens14
Advanced technologies for molecular diagnosis of cancer: State of pre-clinical tumor-derived exosome liquid biopsies14
Bone tumor–targeted delivery of theranostic 195mPt-bisphosphonate complexes promotes killing of metastatic tumor cells14
J-aggregates albumin-based NIR-II fluorescent dye nanoparticles for cancer phototheranostics14
Electrostatic flocking of salt-treated microfibers and nanofiber yarns for regenerative engineering14
Bioactive strontium ions/ginsenoside Rg1–incorporated biodegradable silk fibroin-gelatin scaffold promoted challenging osteoporotic bone regeneration13
Programming a DNA tetrahedral nanomachine as an integrative tool for intracellular microRNA biosensing and stimulus-unlocked target regulation13
Recent advances in biomimetic hemostatic materials13
Topographically guided hierarchical mineralization13
Engineered hydrogels for peripheral nerve repair13
Self-assembled short peptides: Recent advances and strategies for potential pharmaceutical applications13
The design of strut/TPMS-based pore geometries in bioceramic scaffolds guiding osteogenesis and angiogenesis in bone regeneration13
Exosomes: New regulators of reproductive development13
The combination of a 3D-Printed porous Ti–6Al–4V alloy scaffold and stem cell sheet technology for the construction of biomimetic engineered bone at an ectopic site13
Multifunctional nanostructures: Intelligent design to overcome biological barriers13
The spatial form periosteal-bone complex promotes bone regeneration by coordinating macrophage polarization and osteogenic-angiogenic events13
Microfluidic platforms for single neuron analysis13
Enhanced anti-glioma efficacy of doxorubicin with BRD4 PROTAC degrader using targeted nanoparticles13
Erythrocyte membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles as effective and biocompatible platform: Either autologous or allogeneic erythrocyte-derived13
Thermogels containing sulfated hyaluronan as novel topical therapeutics for treatment of ocular surface inflammation13
Integrative lymph node-mimicking models created with biomaterials and computational tools to study the immune system13
Design considerations for advancing data storage with synthetic DNA for long-term archiving13
Biopolymer coating for particle surface engineering and their biomedical applications13
Preparation and application of calcium phosphate nanocarriers in drug delivery13
Advances in drug delivery to atherosclerosis: Investigating the efficiency of different nanomaterials employed for different type of drugs13
Current advances in the imaging of atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque using nanoparticles13
Pearl-inspired graphene oxide-collagen microgel with multi-layer mineralization through microarray chips for bone defect repair12
Long-term stabilized amorphous calcium carbonate—an ink for bio-inspired 3D printing12
Synthesis of a versatile mitochondria-targeting small molecule for cancer near-infrared fluorescent imaging and radio/photodynamic/photothermal synergistic therapies12
A palette of site-specific organelle fluorescent thermometers12
Superior mechanical resistance in the exoskeleton of the coconut crab, Birgus latro12
Diethyl sinapate-grafted cellulose nanocrystals as nature-inspired UV filters in cosmetic formulations12
Nanomaterial-assisted CRISPR gene-engineering – A hallmark for triple-negative breast cancer therapeutics advancement12
Articular cartilage repair biomaterials: strategies and applications12
Blood-brain barrier amenable gold nanoparticles biofabrication in aged cell culture medium12
Immunologically modified enzyme-responsive micelles regulate the tumor microenvironment for cancer immunotherapy12
Current advances in niosomes applications for drug delivery and cancer treatment12
Acellular cartilage matrix biomimetic scaffold with immediate enrichment of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells to repair articular cartilage defects12
Minimally invasive injection of biomimetic Nano@Microgel for in situ ovarian cancer treatment through enhanced photodynamic reactions and photothermal combined therapy12
Bone mineral: A trojan horse for bone cancers. Efficient mitochondria targeted delivery and tumor eradication with nano hydroxyapatite containing doxorubicin12
Biomimetic tri-layered small-diameter vascular grafts with decellularized extracellular matrix promoting vascular regeneration and inhibiting thrombosis with the salidroside12
A mechanical, electrical dual autonomous self-healing multifunctional composite hydrogel12
Precision medicine strategies for spinal degenerative diseases: Injectable biomaterials with in situ repair and regeneration12
Recent advances of lanthanide nanomaterials in Tumor NIR fluorescence detection and treatment12
Cascade targeting codelivery of ingenol-3-angelate and doxorubicin for enhancing cancer chemoimmunotherapy through synergistic effects in prostate cancer12
Gold nanoclusters-loaded hydrogel formed by dimeric hydrogen bonds crosslinking: A novel strategy for multidrug-resistant bacteria-infected wound healing12
Broad virus inactivation using inorganic micro/nano-particulate materials12
Recent advances in nanomaterials for the treatment of spinal cord injury12
A multifunctional ATP-generating system by reduced graphene oxide-based scaffold repairs neuronal injury by improving mitochondrial function and restoring bioelectricity conduction12
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