Science Robotics

Article	Citations
Learning quadrupedal locomotion over challenging terrain	437
Biofuel-powered soft electronic skin with multiplexed and wireless sensing for human-machine interfaces	389
Electronic skins and machine learning for intelligent soft robots	350
Enzyme-powered Janus platelet cell robots for active and targeted drug delivery	238
Dual-responsive biohybrid neutrobots for active target delivery	238
Multifunctional surface microrollers for targeted cargo delivery in physiological blood flow	237
Robot Operating System 2: Design, architecture, and uses in the wild	231
Learning robust perceptive locomotion for quadrupedal robots in the wild	229
Skin-inspired quadruple tactile sensors integrated on a robot hand enable object recognition	219
Soft magnetic skin for super-resolution tactile sensing with force self-decoupling	214
Electronics-free pneumatic circuits for controlling soft-legged robots	182
Endoscopy-assisted magnetic navigation of biohybrid soft microrobots with rapid endoluminal delivery and imaging	170
Electrospun liquid crystal elastomer microfiber actuator	168
Fast and programmable locomotion of hydrogel-metal hybrids under light and magnetic fields	163
A decade retrospective of medical robotics research from 2010 to 2020	162
Swarm of micro flying robots in the wild	149
Swarming behavior and in vivo monitoring of enzymatic nanomotors within the bladder	147
Somatosensory actuator based on stretchable conductive photothermally responsive hydrogel	145
Reflections on the future of swarm robotics	144
Voxelated three-dimensional miniature magnetic soft machines via multimaterial heterogeneous assembly	136
Inflatable soft jumper inspired by shell snapping	131
Implicit coordination for 3D underwater collective behaviors in a fish-inspired robot swarm	131
Telerobotic neurovascular interventions with magnetic manipulation	124
An agglutinate magnetic spray transforms inanimate objects into millirobots for biomedical applications	116
Learning high-speed flight in the wild	111

All-printed soft human-machine interface for robotic physicochemical sensing	110
Heterogeneous sensing in a multifunctional soft sensor for human-robot interfaces	108
Elucidating the interaction dynamics between microswimmer body and immune system for medical microrobots	108
Multi-expert learning of adaptive legged locomotion	106
The Hannes hand prosthesis replicates the key biological properties of the human hand	103
3D-printed programmable tensegrity for soft robotics	103
Actuation of untethered pneumatic artificial muscles and soft robots using magnetically induced liquid-to-gas phase transitions	102
Autonomous robotic laparoscopic surgery for intestinal anastomosis	100
Modeling, learning, perception, and control methods for deformable object manipulation	97
Bioinspired underwater legged robot for seabed exploration with low environmental disturbance	97
Time-optimal planning for quadrotor waypoint flight	92
An 88-milligram insect-scale autonomous crawling robot driven by a catalytic artificial muscle	92
Grasping with kirigami shells	90
Bird-inspired dynamic grasping and perching in arboreal environments	86
A cellular platform for the development of synthetic living machines	86
Neuro-inspired electronic skin for robots	85
Reinforcement learning with artificial microswimmers	84
Electrically programmable adhesive hydrogels for climbing robots	84
Light-powered soft steam engines for self-adaptive oscillation and biomimetic swimming	82
A meta-analysis on the effectiveness of anthropomorphism in human-robot interaction	82
Ladybird beetle–inspired compliant origami	80
Bioinspired wing and tail morphing extends drone flight capabilities	80
A pipeline inspection robot for navigating tubular environments in the sub-centimeter scale	79
Controlling subterranean forces enables a fast, steerable, burrowing soft robot	79
Tunable stiffness enables fast and efficient swimming in fish-like robots	77
Electro-pneumatic pumps for soft robotics	75
Robotic hand augmentation drives changes in neural body representation	74
Hard questions for soft robotics	72
Emergence of robust self-organized undulatory swimming based on local hydrodynamic force sensing	70
Biomorphic structural batteries for robotics	70
Neurorobotic fusion of prosthetic touch, kinesthesia, and movement in bionic upper limbs promotes intrinsic brain behaviors	70
3D printing of resilient biogels for omnidirectional and exteroceptive soft actuators	69
Electrostatic footpads enable agile insect-scale soft robots with trajectory control	69
Progress in robotics for combating infectious diseases	69
Robotic surfaces with reversible, spatiotemporal control for shape morphing and object manipulation	69
Shape morphing mechanical metamaterials through reversible plasticity	68
A biomimetic elastomeric robot skin using electrical impedance and acoustic tomography for tactile sensing	65
How adaptation, training, and customization contribute to benefits from exoskeleton assistance	63
Biohybrid soft robots with self-stimulating skeletons	62
Micrometer-sized electrically programmable shape-memory actuators for low-power microrobotics	62
A bipedal walking robot that can fly, slackline, and skateboard	60
Individualization of exosuit assistance based on measured muscle dynamics during versatile walking	59
Self-powered locomotion of a hydrogel water strider	59
Submillimeter-scale multimaterial terrestrial robots	59
CERBERUS in the DARPA Subterranean Challenge	59
Aerial-aquatic robots capable of crossing the air-water boundary and hitchhiking on surfaces	58
A resonant squid-inspired robot unlocks biological propulsive efficiency	57
An autonomous excavator system for material loading tasks	55
An autonomous drone for search and rescue in forests using airborne optical sectioning	55
Printed synaptic transistor–based electronic skin for robots to feel and learn	54

Soft robotic manipulator for intraoperative MRI-guided transoral laser microsurgery	54
Magnetic torque–driven living microrobots for increased tumor infiltration	53
Vibrational control: A hidden stabilization mechanism in insect flight	53
Light-driven carbon nitride microswimmers with propulsion in biological and ionic media and responsive on-demand drug delivery	53
Powered knee and ankle prosthesis with indirect volitional swing control enables level-ground walking and crossing over obstacles	52
Field performance of sterile male mosquitoes released from an uncrewed aerial vehicle	51
Wireless steerable vision for live insects and insect-scale robots	50
Soft robotic steerable microcatheter for the endovascular treatment of cerebral disorders	49
From grasping to manipulation with gecko-inspired adhesives on a multifinger gripper	49
Self-reconfigurable multilegged robot swarms collectively accomplish challenging terradynamic tasks	48
When less is more: Robot swarms adapt better to changes with constrained communication	48
High–load capacity origami transformable wheel	46
The potential of socially assistive robots during infectious disease outbreaks	46
An adaptive deep reinforcement learning framework enables curling robots with human-like performance in real-world conditions	44
Repurposing factories with robotics in the face of COVID-19	44
A hybrid underwater robot for multidisciplinary investigation of the ocean twilight zone	44
Programmable and reprocessable multifunctional elastomeric sheets for soft origami robots	44
Multidrone aerial surveys of penguin colonies in Antarctica	43
Neural-Fly enables rapid learning for agile flight in strong winds	43
Insect-inspired AI for autonomous robots	41
Gastrointestinal tract drug delivery using algae motors embedded in a degradable capsule	41
Material remodeling and unconventional gaits facilitate locomotion of a robophysical rover over granular terrain	41
Vital signal sensing and manipulation of a microscale organ with a multifunctional soft gripper	40
RoboCap: Robotic mucus-clearing capsule for enhanced drug delivery in the gastrointestinal tract	39
Cavatappi artificial muscles from drawing, twisting, and coiling polymer tubes	38
Neuromorphic computing hardware and neural architectures for robotics	38
The role of user preference in the customized control of robotic exoskeletons	38
Ionic spiderwebs	38
Efficient flapping wing drone arrests high-speed flight using post-stall soaring	37
A microrobotic platform actuated by thermocapillary flows for manipulation at the air-water interface	36
3D-printed biomimetic artificial muscles using soft actuators that contract and elongate	36
Neuroengineering challenges of fusing robotics and neuroscience	36
The human brain reveals resting state activity patterns that are predictive of biases in attitudes toward robots	35
Agilicious: Open-source and open-hardware agile quadrotor for vision-based flight	34
Toward a living soft microrobot through optogenetic locomotion control of Caenorhabditis elegans	34
From collections of independent, mindless robots to flexible, mobile, and directional superstructures	34
Toward next-generation learned robot manipulation	34
Mobile robotic platforms for the acoustic tracking of deep-sea demersal fishery resources	34
Tensegrity metamaterials for soft robotics	33
Efficient multitask learning with an embodied predictive model for door opening and entry with whole-body control	33
BirdBot achieves energy-efficient gait with minimal control using avian-inspired leg clutching	32
In the soft grip of nature	32
Microrobotic laser steering for minimally invasive surgery	32
A system of coordinated autonomous robots for Lagrangian studies of microbes in the oceanic deep chlorophyll maximum	31
A lightweight robotic leg prosthesis replicating the biomechanics of the knee, ankle, and toe joint	31
A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics	30
A fully implantable device for intraperitoneal drug delivery refilled by ingestible capsules	29
Magnetically actuated gearbox for the wireless control of millimeter-scale robots	29
Dynamic tactility by position-encoded spike spectrum	28
Secure and secret cooperation in robot swarms	28
In situ bidirectional human-robot value alignment	28
Pneumatic soft robots take a step toward autonomy	28
Cooperative cargo transportation by a swarm of molecular machines	28
High-performance electrified hydrogel actuators based on wrinkled nanomembrane electrodes for untethered insect-scale soft aquabots	27
Microscopic robots with onboard digital control	27
Deep learning can accelerate grasp-optimized motion planning	27
From motor control to team play in simulated humanoid football	26
Mechanical neural networks: Architected materials that learn behaviors	26
Electrostatic bellow muscle actuators and energy harvesters that stack up	26
Magnetomicrometry	26
A buckling-sheet ring oscillator for electronics-free, multimodal locomotion	25
A 2-year locomotive exploration and scientific investigation of the lunar farside by the Yutu-2 rover	25
Dual high-stroke and high–work capacity artificial muscles inspired by DNA supercoiling	24
Complex manipulation with a simple robotic hand through contact breaking and caging	24
Visual-inertial hand motion tracking with robustness against occlusion, interference, and contact	23
Learning where to trust unreliable models in an unstructured world for deformable object manipulation	23
Multimodal sensing and intuitive steering assistance improve navigation and mobility for people with impaired vision	23
A cerebellar-based solution to the nondeterministic time delay problem in robotic control	23
Remote control of muscle-driven miniature robots with battery-free wireless optoelectronics	23
Flapping wing drones show off their skills	22
Liquid-amplified zipping actuators for micro-air vehicles with transmission-free flapping	22
Sunlight-powered self-excited oscillators for sustainable autonomous soft robotics	21
Abyssal Benthic Rover, an autonomous vehicle for long-term monitoring of deep-ocean processes	21
MiGriBot: A miniature parallel robot with integrated gripping for high-throughput micromanipulation	20
Learning quadrupedal locomotion on deformable terrain	20
Advances and future outlooks in soft robotics for minimally invasive marine biology	20
Untethered unidirectionally crawling gels driven by asymmetry in contact forces	19
Mutual gaze with a robot affects human neural activity and delays decision-making processes	19
Persuasive robots should avoid authority: The effects of formal and real authority on persuasion in human-robot interaction	19
In situ integrated microrobots driven by artificial muscles built from biomolecular motors	19

Agile and versatile climbing on ferromagnetic surfaces with a quadrupedal robot	18
Haptic perception using optoelectronic robotic flesh for embodied artificially intelligent agents	18
Automatic tracking of free-flying insects using a cable-driven robot	18
A bioinspired revolving-wing drone with passive attitude stability and efficient hovering flight	18
A controllable dual-catapult system inspired by the biomechanics of the dragonfly larvae’s predatory strike	17
Guiding the design of superresolution tactile skins with taxel value isolines theory	17
Manipulation for self-Identification, and self-Identification for better manipulation	17
The relevance of signal timing in human-robot collaborative manipulation	17
Integrating chemical fuels and artificial muscles for untethered microrobots	17
Segmentations in fins enable large morphing amplitudes combined with high flexural stiffness for fish-inspired robotic materials	16
Learning garment manipulation policies toward robot-assisted dressing	16
Structural batteries take a load off	16
Exploring planet geology through force-feedback telemanipulation from orbit	15
Body-powered variable impedance: An approach to augmenting humans with a passive device by reshaping lifting posture	15
Human-like behavioral variability blurs the distinction between a human and a machine in a nonverbal Turing test	15
Sensor-level computer vision with pixel processor arrays for agile robots	15
Deployment of an electrocorticography system with a soft robotic actuator	15
Bioinspired, ingestible electroceutical capsules for hunger-regulating hormone modulation	14
Drone-assisted collection of environmental DNA from tree branches for biodiversity monitoring	14
Exoskeletons need to react faster than physiological responses to improve standing balance	14
Spiking neural networks take control	14
Neuromorphic computing chip with spatiotemporal elasticity for multi-intelligent-tasking robots	13
Fully body visual self-modeling of robot morphologies	13
Understanding robots	13
Quantifying stiffness and forces of tumor colonies and embryos using a magnetic microrobot	13
Underwater maneuvering of robotic sheets through buoyancy-mediated active flutter	13
Tiny robots make big advances	12
Cuttlefish eye–inspired artificial vision for high-quality imaging under uneven illumination conditions	12
Revealing ocean-scale biochemical structure with a deep-diving vertical profiling autonomous vehicle	12
Surface haptic rendering of virtual shapes through change in surface temperature	11
The unstable queen: Uncertainty, mechanics, and tactile feedback	11
How to compete with robots by assessing job automation risks and resilient alternatives	10
Desktop fabrication of monolithic soft robotic devices with embedded fluidic control circuits	10
A DNA molecular printer capable of programmable positioning and patterning in two dimensions	10
A self-rotating, single-actuated UAV with extended sensor field of view for autonomous navigation	10
Bringing the light inside the body to perform better surgery	10
Mechano-fluorescence actuation in single synaptic vesicles with a DNA framework nanomachine	10
A compact DEA-based soft peristaltic pump for power and control of fluidic robots	9
A mechanics-based approach to realize high–force capacity electroadhesives for robots	9
Morphological computation and decentralized learning in a swarm of sterically interacting robots	9
Laser-assisted failure recovery for dielectric elastomer actuators in aerial robots	9
The neuromechanics of animal locomotion: From biology to robotics and back	9
Preventing antisocial robots: A pathway to artificial empathy	9
Coherent, super-resolved radar beamforming using self-supervised learning	9
Soft robot–mediated autonomous adaptation to fibrotic capsule formation for improved drug delivery	8
A highly integrated bionic hand with neural control and feedback for use in daily life	8
Navigating to objects in the real world	8
Modulation of Achilles tendon force with load carriage and exosuit assistance	8
Octopus-inspired sensorized soft arm for environmental interaction	8
Reaching the limit in autonomous racing: Optimal control versus reinforcement learning	8
Soft sensors that can feel it all	8
Soft pumps for soft robots	8