Science Robotics

Article	Citations
Learning quadrupedal locomotion over challenging terrain	538
Robot Operating System 2: Design, architecture, and uses in the wild	379
Learning robust perceptive locomotion for quadrupedal robots in the wild	316
Dual-responsive biohybrid neutrobots for active target delivery	288
Skin-inspired quadruple tactile sensors integrated on a robot hand enable object recognition	275
Soft magnetic skin for super-resolution tactile sensing with force self-decoupling	262
Electronics-free pneumatic circuits for controlling soft-legged robots	225
A decade retrospective of medical robotics research from 2010 to 2020	218
Electrospun liquid crystal elastomer microfiber actuator	210
Endoscopy-assisted magnetic navigation of biohybrid soft microrobots with rapid endoluminal delivery and imaging	201
Swarm of micro flying robots in the wild	198
Fast and programmable locomotion of hydrogel-metal hybrids under light and magnetic fields	192
Somatosensory actuator based on stretchable conductive photothermally responsive hydrogel	181
Reflections on the future of swarm robotics	169
Implicit coordination for 3D underwater collective behaviors in a fish-inspired robot swarm	165
Telerobotic neurovascular interventions with magnetic manipulation	161
Swarming behavior and in vivo monitoring of enzymatic nanomotors within the bladder	160
Voxelated three-dimensional miniature magnetic soft machines via multimaterial heterogeneous assembly	158
All-printed soft human-machine interface for robotic physicochemical sensing	154
Learning high-speed flight in the wild	151
Autonomous robotic laparoscopic surgery for intestinal anastomosis	134
An agglutinate magnetic spray transforms inanimate objects into millirobots for biomedical applications	130
Modeling, learning, perception, and control methods for deformable object manipulation	130
Neuro-inspired electronic skin for robots	127
Heterogeneous sensing in a multifunctional soft sensor for human-robot interfaces	125

Multi-expert learning of adaptive legged locomotion	121
A pipeline inspection robot for navigating tubular environments in the sub-centimeter scale	119
Grasping with kirigami shells	114
Bird-inspired dynamic grasping and perching in arboreal environments	112
Time-optimal planning for quadrotor waypoint flight	110
Light-powered soft steam engines for self-adaptive oscillation and biomimetic swimming	107
Electrically programmable adhesive hydrogels for climbing robots	103
Tunable stiffness enables fast and efficient swimming in fish-like robots	103
Bioinspired wing and tail morphing extends drone flight capabilities	101
A meta-analysis on the effectiveness of anthropomorphism in human-robot interaction	98
A cellular platform for the development of synthetic living machines	98
A biomimetic elastomeric robot skin using electrical impedance and acoustic tomography for tactile sensing	96
CERBERUS in the DARPA Subterranean Challenge	95
Electro-pneumatic pumps for soft robotics	95
Reinforcement learning with artificial microswimmers	95
Hard questions for soft robotics	94
Shape morphing mechanical metamaterials through reversible plasticity	94
Controlling subterranean forces enables a fast, steerable, burrowing soft robot	93
Robotic hand augmentation drives changes in neural body representation	87
3D printing of resilient biogels for omnidirectional and exteroceptive soft actuators	86
Neurorobotic fusion of prosthetic touch, kinesthesia, and movement in bionic upper limbs promotes intrinsic brain behaviors	86
Aerial-aquatic robots capable of crossing the air-water boundary and hitchhiking on surfaces	85
Electrostatic footpads enable agile insect-scale soft robots with trajectory control	84
Robotic surfaces with reversible, spatiotemporal control for shape morphing and object manipulation	83
Individualization of exosuit assistance based on measured muscle dynamics during versatile walking	83
Emergence of robust self-organized undulatory swimming based on local hydrodynamic force sensing	81
How adaptation, training, and customization contribute to benefits from exoskeleton assistance	80
Printed synaptic transistor–based electronic skin for robots to feel and learn	78
Magnetic torque–driven living microrobots for increased tumor infiltration	77
Biohybrid soft robots with self-stimulating skeletons	75
Submillimeter-scale multimaterial terrestrial robots	75
Progress in robotics for combating infectious diseases	75
A bipedal walking robot that can fly, slackline, and skateboard	74
Micrometer-sized electrically programmable shape-memory actuators for low-power microrobotics	73
Self-powered locomotion of a hydrogel water strider	73
An autonomous drone for search and rescue in forests using airborne optical sectioning	72
Soft robotic manipulator for intraoperative MRI-guided transoral laser microsurgery	69
When less is more: Robot swarms adapt better to changes with constrained communication	67
Neural-Fly enables rapid learning for agile flight in strong winds	65
Soft robotic steerable microcatheter for the endovascular treatment of cerebral disorders	65
From grasping to manipulation with gecko-inspired adhesives on a multifinger gripper	64
Light-driven carbon nitride microswimmers with propulsion in biological and ionic media and responsive on-demand drug delivery	64
An autonomous excavator system for material loading tasks	63
A resonant squid-inspired robot unlocks biological propulsive efficiency	63
Neuromorphic computing hardware and neural architectures for robotics	60
Gastrointestinal tract drug delivery using algae motors embedded in a degradable capsule	58
A hybrid underwater robot for multidisciplinary investigation of the ocean twilight zone	57
High–load capacity origami transformable wheel	56
Agilicious: Open-source and open-hardware agile quadrotor for vision-based flight	54
3D-printed biomimetic artificial muscles using soft actuators that contract and elongate	51

RoboCap: Robotic mucus-clearing capsule for enhanced drug delivery in the gastrointestinal tract	51
Insect-inspired AI for autonomous robots	51
Vital signal sensing and manipulation of a microscale organ with a multifunctional soft gripper	51
Self-reconfigurable multilegged robot swarms collectively accomplish challenging terradynamic tasks	51
The role of user preference in the customized control of robotic exoskeletons	50
Programmable and reprocessable multifunctional elastomeric sheets for soft origami robots	50
Multidrone aerial surveys of penguin colonies in Antarctica	46
A microrobotic platform actuated by thermocapillary flows for manipulation at the air-water interface	45
BirdBot achieves energy-efficient gait with minimal control using avian-inspired leg clutching	44
Cavatappi artificial muscles from drawing, twisting, and coiling polymer tubes	44
Toward a living soft microrobot through optogenetic locomotion control of Caenorhabditis elegans	43
Efficient multitask learning with an embodied predictive model for door opening and entry with whole-body control	43
Sunlight-powered self-excited oscillators for sustainable autonomous soft robotics	43
A lightweight robotic leg prosthesis replicating the biomechanics of the knee, ankle, and toe joint	42
High-performance electrified hydrogel actuators based on wrinkled nanomembrane electrodes for untethered insect-scale soft aquabots	42
Octopus-inspired sensorized soft arm for environmental interaction	41
Magnetically actuated gearbox for the wireless control of millimeter-scale robots	41
Toward next-generation learned robot manipulation	41
Mechanical neural networks: Architected materials that learn behaviors	40
From collections of independent, mindless robots to flexible, mobile, and directional superstructures	40
Mobile robotic platforms for the acoustic tracking of deep-sea demersal fishery resources	39
Microrobotic laser steering for minimally invasive surgery	39
Learning quadrupedal locomotion on deformable terrain	39
Neuroengineering challenges of fusing robotics and neuroscience	39
In the soft grip of nature	38
Electrostatic bellow muscle actuators and energy harvesters that stack up	37
Dynamic tactility by position-encoded spike spectrum	37
Cooperative cargo transportation by a swarm of molecular machines	37
Remote control of muscle-driven miniature robots with battery-free wireless optoelectronics	37
A buckling-sheet ring oscillator for electronics-free, multimodal locomotion	36
A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics	36
A 2-year locomotive exploration and scientific investigation of the lunar farside by the Yutu-2 rover	35
A system of coordinated autonomous robots for Lagrangian studies of microbes in the oceanic deep chlorophyll maximum	35
Pneumatic soft robots take a step toward autonomy	34
Untethered unidirectionally crawling gels driven by asymmetry in contact forces	34
Microscopic robots with onboard digital control	34
Magnetomicrometry	33
Agile and versatile climbing on ferromagnetic surfaces with a quadrupedal robot	33
In situ bidirectional human-robot value alignment	33
A fully implantable device for intraperitoneal drug delivery refilled by ingestible capsules	33
From motor control to team play in simulated humanoid football	33
Complex manipulation with a simple robotic hand through contact breaking and caging	32
MiGriBot: A miniature parallel robot with integrated gripping for high-throughput micromanipulation	31
Visual-inertial hand motion tracking with robustness against occlusion, interference, and contact	31
Secure and secret cooperation in robot swarms	31
Deep learning can accelerate grasp-optimized motion planning	31
Desktop fabrication of monolithic soft robotic devices with embedded fluidic control circuits	30
Learning where to trust unreliable models in an unstructured world for deformable object manipulation	30
Navigating to objects in the real world	29
Liquid-amplified zipping actuators for micro-air vehicles with transmission-free flapping	29
A cerebellar-based solution to the nondeterministic time delay problem in robotic control	29
Multimodal sensing and intuitive steering assistance improve navigation and mobility for people with impaired vision	28
Guiding the design of superresolution tactile skins with taxel value isolines theory	28
Deployment of an electrocorticography system with a soft robotic actuator	27
Advances and future outlooks in soft robotics for minimally invasive marine biology	26
Motion planning around obstacles with convex optimization	26
Haptic perception using optoelectronic robotic flesh for embodied artificially intelligent agents	26
Drone-assisted collection of environmental DNA from tree branches for biodiversity monitoring	26
Learning garment manipulation policies toward robot-assisted dressing	26
Reaching the limit in autonomous racing: Optimal control versus reinforcement learning	26
In situ integrated microrobots driven by artificial muscles built from biomolecular motors	26
Exoskeletons need to react faster than physiological responses to improve standing balance	26
Mutual gaze with a robot affects human neural activity and delays decision-making processes	25
Neuromorphic computing chip with spatiotemporal elasticity for multi-intelligent-tasking robots	25
Dual high-stroke and high–work capacity artificial muscles inspired by DNA supercoiling	25
A bioinspired revolving-wing drone with passive attitude stability and efficient hovering flight	24
Bioinspired, ingestible electroceutical capsules for hunger-regulating hormone modulation	24
Abyssal Benthic Rover, an autonomous vehicle for long-term monitoring of deep-ocean processes	24
Scientific exploration of challenging planetary analog environments with a team of legged robots	24
Sensor-level computer vision with pixel processor arrays for agile robots	23
A self-rotating, single-actuated UAV with extended sensor field of view for autonomous navigation	23
A compact DEA-based soft peristaltic pump for power and control of fluidic robots	22
Manipulation for self-Identification, and self-Identification for better manipulation	22
Persuasive robots should avoid authority: The effects of formal and real authority on persuasion in human-robot interaction	22
A highly integrated bionic hand with neural control and feedback for use in daily life	21
Segmentations in fins enable large morphing amplitudes combined with high flexural stiffness for fish-inspired robotic materials	21
Laser-assisted failure recovery for dielectric elastomer actuators in aerial robots	21
Modulation of Achilles tendon force with load carriage and exosuit assistance	20
Revealing ocean-scale biochemical structure with a deep-diving vertical profiling autonomous vehicle	20
Autonomous robotics is driving Perseverance rover’s progress on Mars	20

Morphological computation and decentralized learning in a swarm of sterically interacting robots	20
Brain-inspired multimodal hybrid neural network for robot place recognition	20
Cuttlefish eye–inspired artificial vision for high-quality imaging under uneven illumination conditions	20
Exploring planet geology through force-feedback telemanipulation from orbit	19
Surface haptic rendering of virtual shapes through change in surface temperature	19
Spiking neural networks take control	19
Quantifying stiffness and forces of tumor colonies and embryos using a magnetic microrobot	19
Fully body visual self-modeling of robot morphologies	19
The relevance of signal timing in human-robot collaborative manipulation	18
A controllable dual-catapult system inspired by the biomechanics of the dragonfly larvae’s predatory strike	18
The neuromechanics of animal locomotion: From biology to robotics and back	17
How to compete with robots by assessing job automation risks and resilient alternatives	17
Human-like behavioral variability blurs the distinction between a human and a machine in a nonverbal Turing test	17
Control of soft robots with inertial dynamics	16
Body-powered variable impedance: An approach to augmenting humans with a passive device by reshaping lifting posture	16
Magnetic soft microfiberbots for robotic embolization	16
Underwater maneuvering of robotic sheets through buoyancy-mediated active flutter	16
Mechano-fluorescence actuation in single synaptic vesicles with a DNA framework nanomachine	15
A mechanics-based approach to realize high–force capacity electroadhesives for robots	15
ANYmal parkour: Learning agile navigation for quadrupedal robots	15
Tiny robots make big advances	14
The unstable queen: Uncertainty, mechanics, and tactile feedback	14
Versatile multicontact planning and control for legged loco-manipulation	14
Learning agile soccer skills for a bipedal robot with deep reinforcement learning	13
Soft pumps for soft robots	13
Increasing the payload capacity of soft robot arms by localized stiffening	13
A DNA molecular printer capable of programmable positioning and patterning in two dimensions	12
Coherent, super-resolved radar beamforming using self-supervised learning	12
Robust flight navigation out of distribution with liquid neural networks	12
Solar-powered shape-changing origami microfliers	12
Soft robot–mediated autonomous adaptation to fibrotic capsule formation for improved drug delivery	12
A robotic honeycomb for interaction with a honeybee colony	12
Representation granularity enables time-efficient autonomous exploration in large, complex worlds	11
Dexterous helical magnetic robot for improved endovascular access	11
Preventing antisocial robots: A pathway to artificial empathy	11
Bringing the light inside the body to perform better surgery	10
Soft robotic patient-specific hydrodynamic model of aortic stenosis and ventricular remodeling	10
A gyroscope-free visual-inertial flight control and wind sensing system for 10-mg robots	10
Clearing away barriers to oral drug delivery	10
Neglected physical human-robot interaction may explain variable outcomes in gait neurorehabilitation research	10
A seasonally invariant deep transform for visual terrain-relative navigation	10
Modular reconfiguration of DNA origami assemblies using tile displacement	10
Preclinical upper limb neurorobotic platform to assess, rehabilitate, and develop therapies	10
Robot swarms neutralize harmful Byzantine robots using a blockchain-based token economy	9
A hierarchical sensorimotor control framework for human-in-the-loop robotic hands	9
Mechanical intelligence simplifies control in terrestrial limbless locomotion	9
Co-designing hardware and control for robot hands	9
Robots at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics	8
Engineering and surgical advancements enable more cognitively integrated bionic arms	8
iCub3 avatar system: Enabling remote fully immersive embodiment of humanoid robots	8
Dynamic robotic tracking of underwater targets using reinforcement learning	8
A framework for robotic excavation and dry stone construction using on-site materials	8
From individual robots to robot societies	8
Burrowing soft robots break new ground	8
Soft sensors that can feel it all	8
Effective and natural human-robot interaction requires multidisciplinary research	8
Enhancing social connectedness with companion robots using AI	8
Collaborating robots sample the primary production in the ocean	7
Metabolically efficient walking assistance using optimized timed forces at the waist	7
A growing soft robot with climbing plant–inspired adaptive behaviors for navigation in unstructured environments	7
Smarter materials for smarter robots	7
Harnessing the circular economy to develop sustainable soft robots	7
Ultralight, strong, and self-reprogrammable mechanical metamaterials	7
Squid-inspired robots perform swimmingly	7
Lateral flexion of a compliant spine improves motor performance in a bioinspired mouse robot	7
Swarms of flying robots in unknown environments	7
Analog-digital computing let robots go through the motions	7