Science Immunology

Article	Citations
Distinct antibody and memory B cell responses in SARS-CoV-2 naïve and recovered individuals after mRNA vaccination	554
SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern partially escape humoral but not T cell responses in COVID-19 convalescent donors and vaccine recipients	471
Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs are present in ~4% of uninfected individuals over 70 years old and account for ~20% of COVID-19 deaths	413
Defining the features and duration of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with disease severity and outcome	397
Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Omicron–reactive T and B cell responses in COVID-19 vaccine recipients	359
X-linked recessive TLR7 deficiency in ~1% of men under 60 years old with life-threatening COVID-19	308
Three tissue resident macrophage subsets coexist across organs with conserved origins and life cycles	269
Vaccination before or after SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to robust humoral response and antibodies that effectively neutralize variants	248
Rapid generation of durable B cell memory to SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins in COVID-19 and convalescence	246
Impaired humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine in kidney transplant recipients and dialysis patients	236
Respiratory mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after mRNA vaccination	206
Severely ill patients with COVID-19 display impaired exhaustion features in SARS-CoV-2–reactive CD8 + T cells	192
SARS-CoV-2 genome-wide T cell epitope mapping reveals immunodominance and substantial CD8 + T cell activation in COVID-19 patients	189
Single-cell analysis of human B cell maturation predicts how antibody class switching shapes selection dynamics	185
A reservoir of stem-like CD8 + T cells in the tumor-draining lymph node preserves the ongoing antitumor immune response	175
Inflammatory profiles across the spectrum of disease reveal a distinct role for GM-CSF in severe COVID-19	175
BNT162b2 vaccination induces durable SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells with a stem cell memory phenotype	173
Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection drives cross-variant neutralization and memory B cell formation against conserved epitopes	167
Prolonged evolution of the human B cell response to SARS-CoV-2 infection	166
Discordant neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in asymptomatic and mild SARS-CoV-2 infection	164
SARS-CoV-2 infection generates tissue-localized immunological memory in humans	163
Increased complement activation is a distinctive feature of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection	154
SARS-CoV-2 drives JAK1/2-dependent local complement hyperactivation	150
Multiplexed imaging mass cytometry of the chemokine milieus in melanoma characterizes features of the response to immunotherapy	145
NLRP3 inflammasome activation triggers gasdermin D–independent inflammation	145

Deep immune profiling of MIS-C demonstrates marked but transient immune activation compared with adult and pediatric COVID-19	145
Pharmacological activation of STING blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection	145
Clonal expansion and activation of tissue-resident memory-like T H 17 cells expressing GM-CSF in the lungs of patients with severe COVID-19	142
ZBP1-dependent inflammatory cell death, PANoptosis, and cytokine storm disrupt IFN therapeutic efficacy during coronavirus infection	141
SARS-CoV-2 mutations in MHC-I-restricted epitopes evade CD8 + T cell responses	140
Human dendritic cells in cancer	138
Adaptive immune determinants of viral clearance and protection in mouse models of SARS-CoV-2	135
Tissue-resident CD4 + T helper cells assist the development of protective respiratory B and CD8 + T cell memory responses	135
Innate immunological pathways in COVID-19 pathogenesis	132
Class switch toward noninflammatory, spike-specific IgG4 antibodies after repeated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination	132
The microbiome-derived metabolite TMAO drives immune activation and boosts responses to immune checkpoint blockade in pancreatic cancer	132
Tumor-draining lymph nodes: At the crossroads of metastasis and immunity	128
Integrated longitudinal immunophenotypic, transcriptional, and repertoire analyses delineate immune responses in patients with COVID-19	128
CD8 + T cells specific for conserved coronavirus epitopes correlate with milder disease in patients with COVID-19	125
A cross-talk between CAR T cell subsets and the tumor microenvironment is essential for sustained cytotoxic activity	124
Bispecific antibodies targeting mutantRASneoantigens	117
Immune signatures underlying post-acute COVID-19 lung sequelae	116
A diamidobenzimidazole STING agonist protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection	115
Human airway mast cells proliferate and acquire distinct inflammation-driven phenotypes during type 2 inflammation	112
Polyclonal expansion of TCR Vβ 21.3+CD4+and CD8+T cells is a hallmark of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children	111
Contribution of resident and circulating precursors to tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cell populations in lung cancer	110
Transforming growth factor–β1 in regulatory T cell biology	109
CXCL9 and CXCL10 bring the heat to tumors	106
Intranasal priming induces local lung-resident B cell populations that secrete protective mucosal antiviral IgA	105
Androgen conspires with the CD8 + T cell exhaustion program and contributes to sex bias in cancer	104
Antigenic cartography of SARS-CoV-2 reveals that Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 are antigenically distinct	103
T resident helper cells promote humoral responses in the lung	99
Identification of a broadly fibrogenic macrophage subset induced by type 3 inflammation	98
The expansion of human T-bet high CD21 low B cells is T cell dependent	96
Understanding T cell responses to COVID-19 is essential for informing public health strategies	95
Recall of preexisting cross-reactive B cell memory after Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection	94
Persistence of mature dendritic cells, T H 2A, and Tc2 cells characterize clinically resolved atopic dermatitis under IL-4Rα blockade	93
Sequence of αPD-1 relative to local tumor irradiation determines the induction of abscopal antitumor immune responses	92
COVID-19 vaccine side effects: The positives about feeling bad	91
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-neutralizing memory B cells are elicited by two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine	91
CD8 T cells contribute to vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in macaques	91
The circadian immune system	89
PD-1 blockade exacerbates Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in rhesus macaques	85
Coral gasdermin triggers pyroptosis	83
A particulate saponin/TLR agonist vaccine adjuvant alters lymph flow and modulates adaptive immunity	82
NF-κB–dependent IRF1 activation programs cDC1 dendritic cells to drive antitumor immunity	82
Lack of CD8 + T cell effector differentiation during priming mediates checkpoint blockade resistance in non–small cell lung cancer	80
Classification of human chronic inflammatory skin disease based on single-cell immune profiling	77
A common framework of monocyte-derived macrophage activation	77
The ChAT-acetylcholine pathway promotes group 2 innate lymphoid cell responses and anti-helminth immunity	75
Gasdermin D–mediated release of IL-33 from senescent hepatic stellate cells promotes obesity-associated hepatocellular carcinoma	75
Mitochondrial C5aR1 activity in macrophages controls IL-1β production underlying sterile inflammation	75
Spatially mapping the immune landscape of melanoma using imaging mass cytometry	75
IL-17 controls central nervous system autoimmunity through the intestinal microbiome	74
Highly immunogenic cancer cells require activation of the WNT pathway for immunological escape	73

Autophagy protects tumors from T cell–mediated cytotoxicity via inhibition of TNFα-induced apoptosis	73
Identification of resident memory CD8 + T cells with functional specificity for SARS-CoV-2 in unexposed oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue	72
Steroid-resistant human inflammatory ILC2s are marked by CD45RO and elevated in type 2 respiratory diseases	72
Continuous human uterine NK cell differentiation in response to endometrial regeneration and pregnancy	71
Clonally expanded, GPR15-expressing pathogenic effector T H 2 cells are associated with eosinophilic esophagitis	69
Operation Nasal Vaccine—Lightning speed to counter COVID-19	69
Administration of aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 to K18-hACE2 mice uncouples respiratory infection from fatal neuroinvasion	66
ATR-mediated CD47 and PD-L1 up-regulation restricts radiotherapy-induced immune priming and abscopal responses in colorectal cancer	65
Epithelial Gasdermin D shapes the host-microbial interface by driving mucus layer formation	64
Cytotoxic granzyme C–expressing ILC1s contribute to antitumor immunity and neonatal autoimmunity	63
Tuft cell–produced cysteinyl leukotrienes and IL-25 synergistically initiate lung type 2 inflammation	62
A fetal wave of human type 3 effector γδ cells with restricted TCR diversity persists into adulthood	61
Early cross-coronavirus reactive signatures of humoral immunity against COVID-19	60
Monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages autonomously determine severe outcome of respiratory viral infection	60
A yeast-expressed RBD-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine formulated with 3M-052-alum adjuvant promotes protective efficacy in non-human primates	60
A tumor-specific pro-IL-12 activates preexisting cytotoxic T cells to control established tumors	59
Hobit identifies tissue-resident memory T cell precursors that are regulated by Eomes	57
Acetylcholine production by group 2 innate lymphoid cells promotes mucosal immunity to helminths	57
Innate cell microenvironments in lymph nodes shape the generation of T cell responses during type I inflammation	57
TREM2 macrophages induced by human lipids drive inflammation in acne lesions	57
Resident Kupffer cells and neutrophils drive liver toxicity in cancer immunotherapy	56
Size-dependent activation of CAR-T cells	56
The m 6 A reader IMP2 directs autoimmune inflammation through an IL-17– and TNFα-dependent C/EBP transcription factor axis	56
Inhibitory signaling sustains a distinct early memory CD8 + T cell precursor that is resistant to DNA damage	55
Omicron BA.2 breakthrough infection enhances cross-neutralization of BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5	55
Human enteric viruses autonomously shape inflammatory bowel disease phenotype through divergent innate immunomodulation	54
Exploiting albumin as a mucosal vaccine chaperone for robust generation of lung-resident memory T cells	53
The transcription factor Bcl11b promotes both canonical and adaptive NK cell differentiation	53
KIR3DL3-HHLA2 is a human immunosuppressive pathway and a therapeutic target	52
Lung-resident memory B cells established after pulmonary influenza infection display distinct transcriptional and phenotypic profiles	52
Resident memory T cells form during persistent antigen exposure leading to allograft rejection	52
Durable spike-specific T cell responses after different COVID-19 vaccination regimens are not further enhanced by booster vaccination	52
Selective STING stimulation in dendritic cells primes antitumor T cell responses	50
Tumor microenvironmental signals reshape chromatin landscapes to limit the functional potential of exhausted T cells	50
Pharmacological targeting of NLRP3 deubiquitination for treatment of NLRP3-associated inflammatory diseases	50
Human neutralizing antibodies to cold linear epitopes and subdomain 1 of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein	49
SLAMF7 engagement superactivates macrophages in acute and chronic inflammation	49
Single-cell multiomics defines tolerogenic extrathymic Aire-expressing populations with unique homology to thymic epithelium	48
Hexokinase dissociation from mitochondria promotes oligomerization of VDAC that facilitates NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation	48
An innate IL-25–ILC2–MDSC axis creates a cancer-permissive microenvironment for Apc mutation–driven intestinal tumorigenesis	48
Immune checkpoint blockade induces gut microbiota translocation that augments extraintestinal antitumor immunity	47
Immune recall improves antibody durability and breadth to SARS-CoV-2 variants	47
Single-cell analysis pinpoints distinct populations of cytotoxic CD4 + T cells and an IL-10 + CD109 +	46
Immune checkpoint blockade sensitivity and progression-free survival associates with baseline CD8 + T cell clone size and cytotoxicity	46
Sensing of SARS-CoV-2 by pDCs and their subsequent production of IFN-I contribute to macrophage-induced cytokine storm during COVID-19	46
SARS-CoV-2 spike conformation determines plasma neutralizing activity elicited by a wide panel of human vaccines	44
Heterozygous OAS1 gain-of-function variants cause an autoinflammatory immunodeficiency	43
In vivo genome-wide CRISPR screens identify SOCS1 as intrinsic checkpoint of CD4 + T H 1 cell response	43
The AIM2 and NLRP3 inflammasomes trigger IL-1–mediated antitumor effects during radiation	43
Gain-of-function IKZF1 variants in humans cause immune dysregulation associated with abnormal T/B cell late differentiation	43
TWEAK functions with TNF and IL-17 on keratinocytes and is a potential target for psoriasis therapy	43
Single-cell eQTL analysis of activated T cell subsets reveals activation and cell type–dependent effects of disease-risk variants	42
HLA-E–restricted, Gag-specific CD8 + T cells can suppress HIV-1 infection, offering vaccine opportunities	42
Immune memory from SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters provides variant-independent protection but still allows virus transmission	42
Targeting monoamine oxidase A for T cell–based cancer immunotherapy	42
Noncanonical splicing junctions between exons and transposable elements represent a source of immunogenic recurrent neo-antigens in patients with lung cancer	41
Human T-bet governs the generation of a distinct subset of CD11c high CD21 low B cells	41
Local IL-23 is required for proliferation and retention of skin-resident memory T H 17 cells	41
Immunosuppressive reprogramming of neutrophils by lung mesenchymal cells promotes breast cancer metastasis	41
IL-2 is inactivated by the acidic pH environment of tumors enabling engineering of a pH-selective mutein	41
Human IL-23 is essential for IFN-γ–dependent immunity to mycobacteria	41
Metabolic challenges and interventions in CAR T cell therapy	41
A subset of follicular helper-like MAIT cells can provide B cell help and support antibody production in the mucosa	40
Cutaneous innate immune tolerance is mediated by epigenetic control of MAP2K3 by HDAC8/9	40
An IL-9–pulmonary macrophage axis defines the allergic lung inflammatory environment	40
Silent recognition of flagellins from human gut commensal bacteria by Toll-like receptor 5	40
Vaccine-driven lung TRM cells provide immunity against Klebsiella via fibroblast IL-17R signaling	39
Epigenetically controlled tumor antigens derived from splice junctions between exons and transposable elements	39
Elevated transferrin receptor impairs T cell metabolism and function in systemic lupus erythematosus	39
Two subsets of human marginal zone B cells resolved by global analysis of lymphoid tissues and blood	39
An ACE2-blocking antibody confers broad neutralization and protection against Omicron and other SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern	39
Alternative splicing of GSDMB modulates killer lymphocyte–triggered pyroptosis	39
SARS-CoV-2 epitope–specific CD4 + memory T cell responses across COVID-19 disease severity and antibody durability	38
OXPHOS promotes apoptotic resistance and cellular persistence in T H 17 cells in the periphery and tumor microenvironment	38
Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells mount a distinct antiviral response to virus-infected cells	38
Loss-of-function mutation in IKZF2 leads to immunodeficiency with dysregulated germinal center reactions and reduction of MAIT cells	38
CD4 + T cell activation and concomitant mTOR metabolic inhibition can ablate microbiota-specific memory cells and prevent colitis	38
FOXP3 exon 2 controls T reg stability and autoimmunity	37
Rhythmicity of intestinal IgA responses confers oscillatory commensal microbiota mutualism	37
Allergic airway recall responses require IL-9 from resident memory CD4 + T cells	37

Cytomegaloviral determinants of CD8 + T cell programming and RhCMV/SIV vaccine efficacy	37
Single-cell immune profiling reveals thymus-seeding populations, T cell commitment, and multilineage development in the human thymus	37
STING-activating nanoparticles normalize the vascular-immune interface to potentiate cancer immunotherapy	37
Cytokinopathy with aberrant cytotoxic lymphocytes and profibrotic myeloid response in SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine–associated myocarditis	37
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines elicit durable immune responses in infant rhesus macaques	37
An antibody from single human V H -rearranging mouse neutralizes all SARS-CoV-2 variants through BA.5 by inhibiting membrane fusion	37
Spatial transcriptomics stratifies psoriatic disease severity by emergent cellular ecosystems	36
SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells in unexposed adults display broad trafficking potential and cross-react with commensal antigens	36
BATF epigenetically and transcriptionally controls the activation program of regulatory T cells in human tumors	36
BMP signaling in the intestinal epithelium drives a critical feedback loop to restrain IL-13–driven tuft cell hyperplasia	36
Pax5 regulates B cell immunity by promoting PI3K signaling via PTEN down-regulation	36
Protein kinase R is an innate immune sensor of proteotoxic stress via accumulation of cytoplasmic IL-24	35
CD103 fate mapping reveals that intestinal CD103−tissue-resident memory T cells are the primary responders to secondary infection	35
Human cytomegalovirus expands a CD8 + T cell population with loss of BCL11B expression and gain of NK cell identity	35
Naive human B cells engage the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2, variants of concern, and related sarbecoviruses	35
CD39 + tissue-resident memory CD8 + T cells with a clonal overlap across compartments mediate antitumor immunity in breast cancer	34
IL-1R1–dependent signaling coordinates epithelial regeneration in response to intestinal damage	34
Succinate dehydrogenase/complex II is critical for metabolic and epigenetic regulation of T cell proliferation and inflammation	34
A diverse fibroblastic stromal cell landscape in the spleen directs tissue homeostasis and immunity	34
The transcription factor EGR2 is indispensable for tissue-specific imprinting of alveolar macrophages in health and tissue repair	34
Longitudinal transcriptomics define the stages of myeloid activation in the living human brain after intracerebral hemorrhage	34
Pulmonary BCG induces lung-resident macrophage activation and confers long-term protection against tuberculosis	34
Epstein-Barr virus as a driver of multiple sclerosis	34