Annals of Work Exposures and Health

Papers
(The median citation count of Annals of Work Exposures and Health is 0. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2022-06-01 to 2026-06-01.)
ArticleCitations
Use, failure, and non-compliance of respiratory personal protective equipment and risk of upper respiratory tract infections—A longitudinal repeated measurement study during the COVID-19 pandemic amon29
90 Graphene – Exposure and Emissions at Two Pilot Plants28
1 Comparison of Ni Speciation Using Methods of Sequential Leaching and Quantitative Mineralogy for Workplace Aerosol at a Stainless Steel Plant23
40 Establishing a Physiologically Relevant in Vitro Airway Model to Assess the Health Impacts from Different Fungal Species20
80 Advancing In Vitro Airway Models for Engineered Nanomaterial Genotoxicity Testing19
125 Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Exposure on wild type and p53+/- Rat Lungs19
71 Comparison of Different Methods for Measuring Elemental Carbon as a Marker of Exposure to Diesel Fume18
68 Human Biomonitoring (HBM) for emergency responders - Basic considerations, a practical approach and lessons learned18
4 An Introduction to the Sunshine Project Investigating the Risk Assessment of Multicomponent Nanomaterials.18
27 Acute and Chronic Effects on Inflammatory Markers by Quartz and Particle Exposure in the Iron Foundry Environment18
54 Nickel Exposure During Abrasive Tasks – Influence of the Nickel Content of the Material18
69 Association of aerodynamic size of bioaerosols with biodiversity and antibiotic-resistance in kindergartens17
157 Occupational chemical JEM development within the European Job-Exposure Matrix (EuroJEM), EU Exposome Project for Health and Occupational Research (EPHOR)17
4 Strategies for effective risk communication following an emergency event or disaster17
Evaluation of the validity of a perfluorooctane sulfonic acid exposure reconstruction using a measured serum concentration among workers with a wide range of exposure15
212 Occupational safety and health issues among migrant workers in Taiwan15
Review of welding fume emission factor development14
Prospective associations of occupational and leisure-time physical activity with risk of diabetes: a cohort study from the United States14
Feasibility of respirable crystalline silica exposure reduction in small-scale tanzanite mining in Tanzania14
Pepper mild mottle virus as a potential indicator of occupational exposure to airborne viruses in wastewater treatment plants14
Dermal exposure and surface contamination associated with the use of a cobalt-chrome alloy during additive manufacturing13
133 Innovating safely: a policy framework for nanomaterials & advanced materials13
Employment Precarity and Increased Risk of Hazardous Occupational Exposures Among Residents of High Socioeconomic Hardship Neighborhoods12
40 Utilising advanced in vitro lung models to determine the potential toxicological impacts of indoor pollutant component exposure scenarios12
Development and evaluation of two educational sessions on take-home lead exposure prevention for construction workers and their families12
107 Luring out alveolar macrophage to enhance pulmonary particle clearance: a functional study using SiglecF-cell tracking12
Evaluation of Face Shields, Goggles, and Safety Glasses as a Virus Transmission Control Measure to Protect the Wearer Against Cough Droplets11
Development of a crosswalk to convert French PCS2003 into international ISCO88 occupational classifications. Application to the Occupational Asthma-specific Job-Exposure Matrix (OAsJEM)11
Impact of heat and a rest-shade-hydration intervention program on productivity of piece-paid industrial agricultural workers at risk of chronic kidney disease of nontraditional origin11
Association of occupational testicular radiation exposure with offspring sex ratio11
84 Effectiveness of Protective Measures—Diesel Exhaust in Garages of Fire Engines Vehicles and Rescue Services10
Thermal comfort, health, and performance effects among outdoor workers in northern Sweden10
149 Keynote: Air Sensor Performance Testing in the AQ-Spec Program10
Recruitment strategies in marginalized industries for occupational health research: an example in a pilot study of cleaning staff during COVID-1910
Annals of Work Exposures and Health Performance, 202210
207b - Exposure modelling in Europe: how to pave the road for the future as part of the European Exposure Science Strategy 2020–20309
164 The aerosol emission characteristics and control strategies of flushing toilets9
225 Mapping simultaneous exposure to heat stress, air pollution and airborne allergenic pollen, for the general and working population9
277 Recent outbreak of Legionella in various health care centers in Argentina, occupational hygiene in emerging economies countries9
150 PDC on workplace air exposure assessment using freeware apps Part I: Basic characterisation and measurement processing9
Are we underestimating exposures from NORM dust?9
122 Human biomonitoring for firefighters after exposure to acrylonitrile8
Exposure to Particulate Matter and Respirable Crystalline Silica in Tunnel Construction Workers Using Tunnel Boring Machines8
Characterizing workplace exposures to nano-TiO2 in Singapore: potential risks and mitigation strategies8
280 Comparative ergonomic analysis of dental hygienists and tattoo artists8
148c - Visualization and interpretation of aerosol monitors data into information and knowledge8
Effects of Nightshift Work on Blood Metabolites in Female Nurses and Paramedic Staff: A Cross-sectional Study8
261 Application of a new custom-made activated charcoal cloth patch in different real work conditions8
33 The disparity between personal and ambient air sampling of BTEX in small roadside garages8
Descriptive analysis of exposure levels of organophosphate esters among firefighters, paramedics, and office workers8
183 Chemotoxic emergency response capability at a nuclear facility7
53 Redefining real-world exposure: advanced mineralogical characterisation of respirable particles from mining and engineered stone7
117 Winter emissions triggered stress and antiviral cellular responses in the human airway model7
Response to “concerns regarding the association of occupational testicular radiation exposure with offspring sex ratio”7
97 Constant Emitting Reference Material for Material Emissions Test Procedures7
266 The shifting landscape of occupational health - personal protective equipment considerations7
19 Metabolic disease and sex reconfigure lipid-mediated susceptibility to inhaled particles7
68 Advancing a human-relevant 3D lung co-culture model for predicting effects of inhaled particles7
Occupational exposure to chrysotile in an asbestos cement factory in Kyrgyzstan7
Evaluation of Stoffenmanager® and ART for Estimating Occupational Inhalation Exposures to Volatile Liquids7
74 Evaluation of the Performance of a Robotic System for Spiking Thermal Desorption Sorbent Tubes with Defined Masses of Organic Compounds7
Impact of heat stress and protective clothing on healthcare workers: health, performance, and well-being in hospital settings7
11 Personal inhalable paper dust exposure and potential determinants among paper industry workers in Ethiopia7
101 Health-based nanomaterial guidance value (HNGV) for occupational exposure to spheroidal biodurable engineered nanomaterials of relatively low substance-specific toxicity7
Exposure–response relation for vibration-induced white finger: effect of different methods for predicting prevalence7
39 Investigation of Workplace Silica Exposures Using Novel Samplers and Methods7
216 Exposure based adaptation as an application of inhalation TTC values6
233 Establishing internal occupational exposure standards for elongate mineral particles6
378 Revolutionizing occupational hygiene – exploring the future of real-time monitoring, remote control monitoring, and data analysis6
199 Exposure to air pollutants during smart working: a case study6
Healthcare workers’ experiences protecting themselves and their families during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020–20216
239 Telework occupational health measures, government guidelines, and corporate governance: Insights from Taiwanese-listed companies6
44 MUST - A user-friendly tool for the calculation of measurement uncertainty for methods of workplace exposure6
132d Smart sensors for a healthy and safe working environment6
49 Exposure Assessment and Health Surveys at Metal Additive Manufacturing Facilities5
113 Development of a Direct Reading Instrument for Oxidative Potential Measurement in Air5
24 Influence of hydrodynamic parameters on bioaerosol emissions in vortex-driven motion5
36 Comparative analysis of early transcriptomic changes in the lung of F344 rats exposed to different carbon nanotubes and chemical carcinogens5
308 Containment/ Exposure Control for mainstream manufacturing - What can we learn from Pharma5
128 Contribution of a Multi-Exposure Measurement Strategy on the Documentation of Cheese Workers' Exposures to Biological and Chemical Agents5
34 Monitoring with a Purpose: Using Biological Monitoring as Evidence for Reductions in Exposure and Risk5
127 Collimate – Consortium For Developing Workplace Air Measurement Methods5
52 Use of Exposure Data to Evaluate the Impact of the Boelv on Industry Practices; case Study ASW/RCF.5
33 The Ultrhas Project: Ultrafine Particles from Transportation – Health Assessment of Sources5
Occupational exposure science5
The effectiveness of integrated dust extraction units on hammer drills4
93 Linking the Molecular Mechanisms of Alveolar Macrophage Cell Death Induced by Inhaled Nanoparticles with the Subsequent Pathological Outcome4
208d - Occupational hygiene studies in the informal sector in Ghana: roadside mechanics shop activities and artisanal & small-scale mining activities4
124 Functional requirements for a new risk assessment tool: the first step - a new inhalation model to assess exposure to bioaerosols4
120 An Evaluation of Uncertainty Within Control Banding Tools used for Occupational Exposure Assessment of Nanoforms and Nano-Enabled Products4
3 In vitro toxicity assessment of ceramic resins used in additive manufacturing: implications for occupational health4
18 Can the Indoor Environment Influence the Toxicity of Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution Particulates?4
Inhalation and dermal exposure to biocidal products during foam and spray applications4
11 Raman Spectroscopy to Monitor Short-Term and Transient RCS Aerosol Exposure4
22 Evaluation of Occupational Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica in Processing of Artificial Stone4
32 Case study - evaluation and management of schools with mercury-containing gymnasium floors4
100 Co-Culture of Human type I and type II Pneumocyte Cell Lines as a Model of Alveolar Epithelium for Toxicity Testing4
34 Placental-Fetal Distribution of Carbon Particles in a Pregnant Rabbit Model After Repeated Exposure to Diluted Diesel Engine Exhaust4
Prevalence and Level of Occupational Exposure to Asbestos in Canada in 20164
Quantifying and improving performance of a low-cost PM sensor used for occupational hygiene applications4
Correcting Coal Miner Respirator Total Inward Leakage Values for Respiratory Tract Deposition4
31 Development and Characterization of a Generation System for Airborne Diisocyanates4
142 Gas Phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure in Kenyan Households4
25a - Risk assessment of diesel engine exhaust emissions4
273 The provision of low cost, accessible OHTA training in the Asian environment - ANOH’s inputs4
19 Does Developmental Status and age of the Lung Influence the Hazard Elicited by Exposure to Both Indoor and Outdoor Pollutants?4
Prediction of relevant exposure sources to aggregate chemical exposures from general and occupational environments: exploration of a decision tree approach4
25 Using Advanced in Vitro Approaches to Elucidate the Differential Toxicity of Nitrogen Dioxide and Particulate Matter in Ambient Air Pollution4
A decoupling method to compute near field and far field exposure concentrations4
284 Addressing occupational hygiene priorities globally3
38 Biotransformation-driven pulmonary fate of iron oxide nanoparticles after repeated inhalation exposure3
157 Keynote: Understanding Exposure, Hazard Identification, and Human Health Effects: How Ultrafine/Nano Particle Toxicology Influenced Occupational Safety and Health3
Demographic differences in facial anthropometric data from 3D scans and implications for respirator fit3
132 Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a New Technical Solution to Reduce Dust Emission from Road Planers3
A SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a public order and safety training facility in England, June 20213
6 P-Cymene Formation by Oxidation of Cyclohexadiene Monoterpenes – a Pitfall in Air Sampling of Terpenes3
Associating night-shift work with lifetime use of sleep medication and sleep quality in a cohort of female nurses3
76 Bioaerosol exposure in Norwegian waste sorting3
Temporal Trends in Variability of Respirable Dust and Respirable Quartz Concentrations in the European Industrial Minerals Sector3
315a - SLIC Chemex: how inspectorates at EU level cooperate!3
Personal Protective Equipment During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Philippines: Challenges and Interventions3
Non-ionizing radiation modeling to predict ambient irradiance in work areas at an indoor cannabis farm3
Laboratory study of the effectiveness of substituting traditional wheat flour with low dust flour and use of different sieve designs as controls to reduce exposure to inhalable flour dust in commercia3
Correction to: How do Effort, Reward, and Their Combined Effects Predict Burnout, Self-rated Health, and Work-family Conflict Among Permanent and Fixed-term Faculty?3
32 Changes in Exposure and Related Health Effects After Preventive Actions at Black Steel Welding Environments3
135 Chrysotile asbestos accelerates tumour development in mouse models of mesothelioma and lung cancer3
66 Not just a particulate matter: chemistry trumps particle metrics in driving toxicity from exhaust emissions—results from the ULTRHAS project3
An Investigation into Occupational Related Stress of At-Risk Workers During COVID-193
92 In Vitro Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus (CBMN) Assay to Evaluate the Genotoxicity of Multicomponent Nanomaterials – a Tiered Testing Approach3
Development of occupation-based exposure matrix of lead for Korean workers: challenges and opportunities3
272 Development of job exposure matrix for construction workers based on experts’ judgment using the 60 consolidated occupations3
88a - Joining forces in prevention of substance-related occupational diseases: the Dutch national expertise centre “Lexces”3
Continuous publication of Annals of Work Exposures and Health3
Health effects of repeated exposures during wildland firefighting: a data-linkage cohort study from Alberta, Canada3
144 Non-auditory effects of noise - the occupational hygiene approach in an Italian project3
Head and face dimensions of Black South African respirator users3
137b - Breathe freely initiative to prevent occupational lung disease – the Australian experience3
Asbestos bodies and amphibole fibres in the lung: do the Helsinki criteria need an update?3
99 The Relative Toxicity and Bioreactivity of Ambient Microplastic Pollution to Human Alveolar Lung Epithelial Cells with and Without Urban PM2.53
Safety climate scale for vineyards: an external validity study3
126 Size distribution and characterization of particulate matter generated during tunnel boring machine excavation3
54 Erionite-induced carcinogenicity: mechanistic insights and comparative potency with asbestos3
Airborne particulate matter exposure in male sugarcane workers at risk for chronic kidney disease in Guatemala3
A digital survey to understand the use of advanced materials in the United Kingdom3
18 In vitro dosimetry of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B)3
What determines childcare workers physical behaviours at work? An investigation of determinants at the institution, team, and worker levels in Danish day nurseries3
14 Carcinogenicity Risk Assessment of Various Carbon Nanotubes by Intra-Tracheal Intra-Pulmonary Spray (TIPS) Dosing Followed by 2-Year Observation3
Prediction of exposure to chrysotile asbestos fibers among Quebec miners and millers based on impinger measurements3
Optimization of the measurement method for airborne endotoxins in workplace atmospheres: experiments using laboratory-generated bioaerosols3
70 A roadmap to an automated bioaerosol monitoring network in the UK—from old-school to AI3
316 Irish Code of Practice for Indoor Air Quality – development, implementation and enforcement3
Exposure to soluble platinum salts in precious metal refinery workers over a 17-year period3
139 Characteristic evaluation of bacteria in air and oral samples in surgical and medical intensive care units3
121 The factors influencing nursing staff retention in the ICU setting: a scoping review3
Benzene Exposure From Selected Work Tasks on Offshore Petroleum Installations on the Norwegian Continental Shelf, 2002–20183
Work engagement among older workers in the Philippines: challenges and interventions3
Managing SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk in workplace COVID-19 outbreaks2
Annals of Work Exposures and Health Performance, 20242
10 Validation of an Aerosol Exposure-Air Liquid Interface (AE-ALI) System to Facilitate Realistic Hazard Identification of Nano-Sized Aerosols2
The future burden of silicosis and lung cancer among tunnel construction workers in Queensland2
130 Exposures to Airborne Human-Respirable Microplastic Particles2
23 Interaction between sugarcane ash-derived silica nanoparticles and pesticides leads to mitochondrial impairment in human proximal tubular kidney cells2
62 Evaluating the Potential Exposure to Metal Fine and Nano Particles Generated During Wire and Powder Laser Metal Deposition2
281 Managing exposure to nanoparticles: Understanding the risk2
35a - Supporting women in mining: diversity and inclusion2
4 Standardization of Devices, Methods and Units of Measurement of Infectious and Non-Infectious Bioaerosols in the Workplace: Literature Review2
160 Keynote: Linking Air Pollution to Mortality: The Role of the Hallmarks of Environmental Insults2
Modifications to the membrane filter method with phase-contrast microscopy (PCM) for fibre-counting to support a new occupational exposure limit value2
Time-resolved sampling of toluene diisocyanate—peak exposure and long-term monitoring field applications2
54 Food insecurity as a worsening occupational hazard2
42 Elucidating an Association Between Air Pollution and Mental Health2
222d - Good practice for the interpretation of human biomonitoring data2
102 Inhalation of nano and micro polyethylene particles induces higher lung inflammation in women compared to men2
138 Interpretation of Occupational Biomonitoring Data of 1,3-Butadiene Exposure in the Form of Urinary Markers and Estimation of Urinary Half-Lives2
279a - Attitudes to noise at work2
Lowering reporting limit values for respirable crystalline silica analysis by X-ray diffraction in preparation of the 0.025 mg/m3 occupational exposure limit2
89 Lung Single Cell Transcriptomics to Guide the Development of AOP Anchored Cell-Based Assays in Response to Nanoparticle Exposure2
66 A New Raman Spectroscopy Approach for the Measurement of Respirable Crystalline Silica Aerosols Collected onto Filters: Practical Considerations and Advantages2
A Novel Use of Latent Class Analysis to Identify Patterns of Workplace Hazards among Informally Employed Domestic Workers in 14 Cities, United States, 2011–20122
249a - Successful prevention strategies to prevent infectious airborne disease transmission in workers and our communities: a panel discussion2
185 The influence of measurement uncertainty and environmental factors in the assessment of workplace exposure2
37 Functional Requirements to Develop a new Risk Assessment Model for Exposure to Biological Agents2
29 Survey of occupational hygiene professional practice in spanish-speaking countries2
55 Investigating the co-Exposure of Micro(nano)Plastics and Indoor/Outdoor Particulate Matter Using an Alveolar BarrierIn Vitro Model2
Q fever infection is a preventable risk associated with pet food manufacturing2
100 Lightweight Air Sampling Badge for Material-Specific Monitoring of Workplace Aerosol Exposure2
258 An evaluation of respirable and submicron elemental carbon measured using the NIOSH analytical method 5040 in low concentration diesel environments2
77 Trends in Variability of Respirable Dust and Quartz Concentrations in the European Industrial Minerals Sector Over a 17-Year Period (2002-2018)2
238 The effectiveness of alarm management bundle in reducing alarm fatigue and burnout among nurses2
Correction to: Comparison of Solvent/ Derivatization Agent Systems for Determination of Extractable Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) from Flexible Polyurethane Foam2
240 Leveraging factory acceptance tests for enhanced noise control strategies, a Petronas experience2
Lead chromate pigments dominate lead paints sold in Mexico2
89 Improvements to a Method for the Determination of Hexavalent Chromium in Workplace Air2
“Why should care workers be any different from prison workers?” A qualitative study of second-hand smoke exposure during home-care visits and potential measures to eliminate exposure2
The Relationship Between Potential Occupational Sensitizing Exposures and Asthma: An Overview of Systematic Reviews2
137 Analysis of Debris Generated During the Process of Cutting and Grinding of Carbon Fibers-Reinforced Plastics2
79 Combination of Screening and Higher tier Modelling Approaches for Estimating Inhalation Exposure During Spray Applications2
An assessment of worker exposure to respirable dust and crystalline silica in workshops fabricating engineered stone2
287 Respirable crystalline silica - advancements using realtime monitoring2
Investigating antineoplastic drug surface contamination in veterinary settings and on canine patients2
57 Occupational hygiene leadership skills: communicating effectively, emotional intelligence, and managing conflict2
137a - Breathe freely initiative to prevent occupational lung disease – Canadian and US rollout2
102 Insights from Workplace Exposure Campaigns During Metal 3D Printing Procedures with Portable Equipment to Monitor Ultrafine Particles Emissions2
An introduction to BASIC Guide: human biomonitoring and surveillance of chemical exposure in occupational settings2
156 Nitrogen-Doped Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes show Attenuated Pathogenicity in a Mouse Model of Pleural Exposure2
169 Determining of total inward leakage of loose-fitting hooded powered air-purifying respirator using quantitative testing method2
60 Modular Exposure Models for OSH Risk Assessment in Chemical Safety – MEMORA2
Group Outcomes for Time-Weighted Averaging in WBGT-Based Heat Stress Exposure Assessment2
Author Index2
63 A Case for Amorphous Silica Nanoparticle Exposure in the Development of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology2
Inflammatory responses of inhalable aerosols from powder food industry in THP-1 cells2
57 High-Sensitivity Monitoring for Airborne Asbestos Fibres2
Occupational risk assessment of glutaraldehyde through personal air monitoring in a hospital setting1
Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers with insufficient use of personal protective equipment in Denmark1
144 Occupational Exposure to Particles Measured by Nanoparticles Tracking Analysis (NTA) in Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC).1
26 An Advanced Triple Cell co-Culture of the Alveolar Epithelial Barrier for Inhalation Hazard Assessment in Vitro1
Response to: Letter to the Editor—Productivity as an efficacy measure in rest-shade-hydration interventions: the need for a more complete dissemination and implementation science approach by Dally M a1
Using a smartphone application to capture daily work activities: a longitudinal pilot study in a farming population1
Worker perspectives on improving occupational health and safety using wearable sensors: a cross-sectional survey1
46 Air pollution, metal oxides, and sex-specific neurodegeneration1
82 AIHA Exposure assessment strategy for assessing industrial hygiene exposures1
9 Evaluation of oxidative stress inducibility of total suspended particles (TSP) in urban air of Delhi1
A deep dive into selected work sectors during the COVID-19 pandemic and the “living with COVID” phase: understanding similarities and differences in practice, perceptions, and preparedness1
88 Microplastic References for Inhalation Studies1
Hydrostatic Penetration Testing of Protective Glove Materials Using Water and Synthetic Blood to Evaluate Hole Size and Screen Mesh Using an Automated Pressure Delivery System1
Rapid fiber-detection technique by artificial intelligence in phase-contrast microscope images of simulated atmospheric samples1
209 Evaluating the respiratory protection programs in Nigeria’s oil and gas industry: approach to assessing knowledge, awareness, behaviour, and compliance1
93 Integrated analysis of cellular pathways of respiratory nanotoxicity1
256d - Barriers to developing BEIs® for adipates1
Defining a systems framework for characterizing physical work demands with wearable sensors1
139 Single Particle Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry: Exploring the Possibilities for Exposure Science1
Contamination of firefighters’ merino wool and mixed fibre sweater and hood undergarments with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons1
47 Wildfire surrogate wood smoke particles elicit events linked to premalignant effects in human lung epithelial cells1
29 Understanding the impacts of inhaled particulate matter on the blood-brain barrier1
347 Did occupational hygienists make a difference for workers during the pandemic?1
Psychosocial risks and ethical implications of technology: considerations for decent work1
105 Characterisation of aerosol emissions and short-term exposure from line marking sprays in free state underground gold mines1
Occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica at an underground copper mine in Zambia1
Introduction to the Australian Institute of Occupational Hygienists 2024 conference special issue1
110 In vitro exposure of human lung and macrophage cells to chemical and nanoplastic particle mixtures relevant to indoor environments1
19 Keynote: Creative Use of Direct Reading Instruments1
245 Detection of human respiratory pathogens in air and surface samples collected in several workplaces and public spaces1
148 Development of a test Method to Determine Inhalation Exposure of Microplastic Particles when Reusable Disposable Masks in Place1
Myotonometry in machinery operators and its relationship with postural ergonomic risk1
The effect of multiple types of workplace violence on burnout risk, sleep quality, and leaving intention among nurses1
83 Sampling evaluation of bacteria on smart phone screen surface1
123 Cytokine upregulation in female placentas of nano-titanium dioxide exposed rat dams1
67 The LowC-project: safe and sustainable low-carbon fuels for heavy-duty, aviation, and maritime sectors1
Comparing Antoine parameter sources for accurate vapor pressure prediction across a range of temperatures1
Characterization of occupational exposure to air pollutants during asphalt milling and paving1
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