Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications

Article	Citations
Surgical face masks impair human face matching performance for familiar and unfamiliar faces	83
Systemic racism: individuals and interactions, institutions and society	65
The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect	58
Face mask type affects audiovisual speech intelligibility and subjective listening effort in young and older adults	46
Perceived truth of statements and simulated social media postings: an experimental investigation of source credibility, repeated exposure, and presentation format	33
Beyond the beauty of occlusion: medical masks increase facial attractiveness more than other face coverings	33
Improving college students’ fact-checking strategies through lateral reading instruction in a general education civics course	30
Inoculating against the spread of Islamophobic and radical-Islamist disinformation	28
Face masks have emotion-dependent dissociable effects on accuracy and confidence in identifying facial expressions of emotion	27
Face masks impair facial emotion recognition and induce specific emotion confusions	26
Individual differences in susceptibility to false memories for COVID-19 fake news	26
Updating our understanding of situation awareness in relation to remote operators of autonomous vehicles	26
Face masks disrupt holistic processing and face perception in school-age children	22
Communication with face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic for adults with hearing loss	22
How do we measure attention? Using factor analysis to establish construct validity of neuropsychological tests	22
The scent of attraction and the smell of success: crossmodal influences on person perception	20
Self-explaining roads: What does visual cognition tell us about designing safer roads?	20
The relationship between political affiliation and beliefs about sources of “fake news”	19
The impact of predictability on dual-task performance and implications for resource-sharing accounts	19
Adapting implementation science for higher education research: the systematic study of implementing evidence-based practices in college classrooms	18
Does race impact speech perception? An account of accented speech in two different multilingual locales	18
Nevertheless, partisanship persisted: fake news warnings help briefly, but bias returns with time	17
Humans versus AI: whether and why we prefer human-created compared to AI-created artwork	17
You don’t have to tell a story! A registered report testing the effectiveness of narrative versus non-narrative misinformation corrections	17
Ethnoracial disparities in cognition are associated with multiple socioeconomic status-stress pathways	16

Why spatial is special in education, learning, and everyday activities	16
Face mask use in healthcare settings: effects on communication, cognition, listening effort and strategies for amelioration	16
A three-factor benefits framework for understanding consumer preference for scented household products: psychological interactions and implications for future development	15
Measuring the effects of misinformation exposure and beliefs on behavioural intentions: a COVID-19 vaccination study	15
Masked emotions: Do face mask patterns and colors affect the recognition of emotions?	15
The role of analytical reasoning and source credibility on the evaluation of real and fake full-length news articles	14
Cross-cultural differences in visuo-spatial processing and the culture-fairness of visuo-spatial intelligence tests: an integrative review and a model for matrices tasks	14
Impact of mask use on face recognition: an eye-tracking study	13
More than skin deep: about the influence of self-relevant avatars on inhibitory control	13
Individual differences in cognitive offloading: a comparison of intention offloading, pattern copy, and short-term memory capacity	12
Unattractive faces are more attractive when the bottom-half is masked, an effect that reverses when the top-half is concealed	12
Visual communication via the design of food and beverage packaging	12
Correction format has a limited role when debunking misinformation	12
An initial accuracy focus reduces the effect of prior exposure on perceived accuracy of news headlines	11
PTSD is associated with impaired event processing and memory for everyday events	11
Individual differences in social intelligence and perception of emotion expression of masked and unmasked faces	10
How the wisdom of crowds, and of the crowd within, are affected by expertise	10
Visual search behavior and performance in luggage screening: effects of time pressure, automation aid, and target expectancy	10
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia and their relationship with cognitive and emotional executive functions	10
The effect of implicit racial bias on recognition of other-race faces	10
Face masks affect emotion categorisation, age estimation, recognition, and gender classification from faces	9
Face masks versus sunglasses: limited effects of time and individual differences in the ability to judge facial identity and social traits	9
Great expectations: minor differences in initial instructions have a major impact on visual search in the absence of feedback	8
The effects of face coverings, own-ethnicity biases, and attitudes on emotion recognition	8
Wielding a gun increases judgments of others as holding guns: a randomized controlled trial	8
Effects of widespread community use of face masks on communication, participation, and quality of life in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic	8
How do face masks impact communication amongst deaf/HoH people?	8
The effect of expertise, target usefulness and image structure on visual search	8
From “satisfaction of search” to “subsequent search misses”: a review of multiple-target search errors across radiology and cognitive science	8
Are estimates of faces’ ages less accurate when they wear sunglasses or face masks and do these disguises make it harder to later recognise the faces when undisguised?	7
That person is now with or without a mask: how encoding context modulates identity recognition	7
Curiosity and the desire for agency: wait, wait … don’t tell me!	7
Transparent masks reduce the negative impact of opaque masks on understanding emotional states but not on sharing them	7
Typing expertise in a large student population	7
When experience does not promote expertise: security professionals fail to detect low prevalence fake IDs	7
Speaking with a KN95 face mask: a within-subjects study on speaker adaptation and strategies to improve intelligibility	7
Eye movements reflect expertise development in hybrid search	7
The challenge of cognitive science for medical diagnosis	7
Domain-general cognitive motivation: evidence from economic decision-making	7
Improving face identification of mask-wearing individuals	6
Do concerns about COVID-19 impair sustained attention?	6
Masked face identification is improved by diagnostic feature training	6
The illusion of absence: how a common feature of magic shows can explain a class of road accidents	6
Group decisions based on confidence weighted majority voting	6
Serial dependence in the perceptual judgments of radiologists	6
Non-monotonic developmental trend of holistic processing in visual expertise: the case of Chinese character recognition	6
Self-reported mask-related worrying reduces relative avoidance bias toward unmasked faces in individuals with low Covid19 anxiety syndrome	6
A starring role for inference in the neurocognition of visual narratives	6
Causal theory error in college students’ understanding of science studies	6
When and why do people act on flawed science? Effects of anecdotes and prior beliefs on evidence-based decision-making	6

Cognitive perspectives on maintaining physicians’ medical expertise: II. Acquiring, maintaining, and updating cognitive skills	6
Real-time prediction of short-timescale fluctuations in cognitive workload	6
Audience immersion: validating attentional and physiological measures against self-report	5
Visual search under physical effort is faster but more vulnerable to distractor interference	5
What makes online teaching spatial? Examining the connections between K-12 teachers’ spatial skills, affect, and their use of spatial pedagogy during remote instruction	5
How can basic research on spatial cognition enhance the visual accessibility of architecture for people with low vision?	5
Effects of individual and dyadic decision-making and normative reference on delay discounting decisions	5
Testing encoding specificity and the diagnostic feature-detection theory of eyewitness identification, with implications for showups, lineups, and partially disguised perpetrators	5
Effects of experience on recognition of speech produced with a face mask	5
The perception of intonational and emotional speech prosody produced with and without a face mask: an exploratory individual differences study	5
Infodemic: the effect of death-related thoughts on news-sharing	5
Making decisions about health information on social media: a mouse-tracking study	5
Recalling fake news during real news corrections can impair or enhance memory updating: the role of recollection-based retrieval	5
Incomplete faces are completed using a more average face	5
Face processing in police service: the relationship between laboratory-based assessment of face processing abilities and performance in a real-world identity matching task	5
Domain-general cognitive motivation: Evidence from economic decision-making – Final Registered Report	5
Surgical face masks do not impair the decoding of facial expressions of negative affect more severely in older than in younger adults	5
Detecting a familiar person behind the surgical mask: recognition without identification among masked versus sunglasses-covered faces	5
Illusion of knowledge in statistics among clinicians: evaluating the alignment between objective accuracy and subjective confidence, an online survey	5
Does expressive writing or an instructional intervention reduce the impacts of test anxiety in a college classroom?	4
Multiple-choice quizzes improve memory for misinformation debunks, but do not reduce belief in misinformation	4
Cognitive perspectives on maintaining physicians’ medical expertise: I. Reimagining Maintenance of Certification to promote lifelong learning	4
g versus c: comparing individual and collective intelligence across two meta-analyses	4
Interpolated testing and content pretesting as interventions to reduce task-unrelated thoughts during a video lecture	4
The role of focus back effort in the relationships among motivation, interest, and mind wandering: an individual difference perspective	4
Influences of early diagnostic suggestions on clinical reasoning	4
Knowledge guides attention to goal-relevant information in older adults	4
How does face mask in COVID-19 pandemic disrupt face learning and recognition in adults with autism spectrum disorder?	4
Smiling makes you look older, even when you wear a mask: the effect of face masks on age perception	4
Examining the replicability of backfire effects after standalone corrections	4
Effects of temporal and spatiotemporal cues on detection of dynamic road hazards	4
Statistical feature training improves fingerprint-matching accuracy in novices and professional fingerprint examiners	4
Combatting rumors around the French election: the memorability and effectiveness of fact-checking articles	4
The impact of AI errors in a human-in-the-loop process	4
The association between metamemory, subjective memory complaints, mood, and well-being: the Hungarian validation of Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire	4
What’s in a face? The role of facial features in ratings of dominance, threat, and stereotypicality	4
The performance costs of interruption during visual search are determined by the type of search task	4
Comparable prediction of breast cancer risk from a glimpse or a first impression of a mammogram	3
Warning signals only support the first action in a sequence	3
Impact of perceived interpersonal similarity on attention to the eyes of same-race and other-race faces	3
How sign language expertise can influence the effects of face masks on non-linguistic characteristics	3
The Predation Game: Does dividing attention affect patterns of human foraging?	3
Expensive seems better: The price of a non-effective drug modulates its perceived efficacy	3
Context modulates the impact of auditory information on visual anticipation	3
Game-based inoculation versus graphic-based inoculation to combat misinformation: a randomized controlled trial	3
When more is more: redundant modifiers can facilitate visual search	3
Change blindness in simulated driving in individuals with homonymous visual field loss	3
Measurement of individual differences in face-identity processing abilities in older adults	3
Specificity and incremental predictive validity of implicit attitudes: studies of a race-based phenotype	3
Limited not lazy: a quasi-experimental secondary analysis of evidence quality evaluations by those who hold implausible beliefs	3
Expert camouflage-breakers can accurately localize search targets	3
The interactive functional biases of manual, language and attention systems	3
Aesthetic preferences for prototypical movements in human actions	3
Conscientiousness protects visual search performance from the impact of fatigue	3
Self-protecting motivation, indexed by self-threat, modifies retrieval-induced-forgetting and confidence in employment decision bias against out-group targets	3
Target-rate effect in continuous visual search	3
Two face masks are better than one: congruency effects in face matching	3
Enhancing banknote authentication by guiding attention to security features and manipulating prevalence expectancy	3
Are there placebo or nocebo effects in balancing performance?	3
Exploring factors that mitigate the continued influence of misinformation	3
Testing landmark-specific effects on route navigation in an ecologically valid setting: a simulated driving study	3
Focus on the notice: evidence of spatial skills’ effect on middle school learning from a computer simulation	3
Adapting to the algorithm: how accuracy comparisons promote the use of a decision aid	3
Out of fright, out of mind: impaired memory for information negated during looming threat	3
The effect of pre-event instructions on eyewitness identification	3
Mask-wearing selectivity alters observers’ face perception	3
Reference frames in spatial communication for navigation and sports: an empirical study in ultimate frisbee players	2
Impact of active and latent concerns about COVID-19 on attention	2
Thinking about time: identifying prospective temporal illusions and their consequences	2
Face masks and fake masks: the effect of real and superimposed masks on face matching with super-recognisers, typical observers, and algorithms	2
How one block of trials influences the next: persistent effects of disease prevalence and feedback on decisions about images of skin lesions in a large online study	2
Scaling up = scaling down? Children’s spatial scaling in different perceptual modalities and scaling directions	2
Wakeful resting and listening to music contrast their effects on verbal long-term memory in dependence on word concreteness	2
More of what? Dissociating effects of conceptual and numeric mappings on interpreting colormap data visualizations	2
Restricting the distribution of visual attention reduces cybersickness	2
Face coverings: Considering the implications for face perception and speech communication	2
Elementary math in elementary school: the effect of interference on learning the multiplication table	2
Going, going, gone: competitive decision-making in Dutch auctions	2
Simulated viewing distance impairs the confidence–accuracy relationship for long, but not moderate distances: support for a model incorporating the role of feature ambiguity	2
Coping with high advertising exposure: a source-monitoring perspective	2

Visual working memory for connected 3D objects: effects of stimulus complexity, dimensionality and connectivity	2
Online Contingent Attention Training (OCAT): transfer effects to cognitive biases, rumination, and anxiety symptoms from two proof-of-principle studies	2
Emphasizing responder speed or accuracy modulates but does not abolish the distractor-induced quitting effect in visual search	2
The influence of familiarity on memory for faces and mask wearing	2
Habit-like attentional bias is unlike goal-driven attentional bias against spatial updating	2
On intersectionality: visualizing the invisibility of Black women	2
Cognitive perspectives on maintaining physicians’ medical expertise: III. Strengths and weaknesses of self-assessment	2
On the proposed role of metacognition in environment learning: recommendations for research	2
How a picture becomes a word: individual differences in the development of language-mediated visual search	2
Syntactic chunking reveals a core syntactic representation of multi-digit numbers, which is generative and automatic	2
The role of working memory capacity in soccer tactical decision making at different levels of expertise	2
Framing cognitive offloading in terms of gains or losses: achieving a more optimal use of reminders	2
Red and blue states: dichotomized maps mislead and reduce perceived voting influence	2
The optimal use of computer aided detection to find low prevalence cancers	2
Perception of direct gaze in a video-conference setting: the effects of position and size	2
The functional relevance of visuospatial processing speed across the lifespan	2
The role of implicit social bias on holistic processing of out-group faces	2
Cognitive perspectives on maintaining physicians’ medical expertise: V. Using a motivational framework to understand the benefits and costs of testing	2
Children’s ability to edit their memories when learning about the environment from credible and noncredible websites	2
Spatially and temporally distributed data foraging decisions in disciplinary field science	2
Studying visual search without an eye tracker: an assessment of artificial foveation	2
Motor speed does not impact the drift rate: a computational HDDM approach to differentiate cognitive and motor speed	2
Standard experimental paradigm designs and data exclusion practices in cognitive psychology can inadvertently introduce systematic “shadow” biases in participant samples	2
Optimizing song retention through the spacing effect	2
“He was the one with the gun!” Associative memory for white and black faces seen with weapons	2