Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications

Article	Citations
Reliance on emotion promotes belief in fake news	115
Surgical face masks impair human face matching performance for familiar and unfamiliar faces	76
Senses of place: architectural design for the multisensory mind	68
Can corrections spread misinformation to new audiences? Testing for the elusive familiarity backfire effect	44
Face mask type affects audiovisual speech intelligibility and subjective listening effort in young and older adults	42
Systemic racism: individuals and interactions, institutions and society	41
Why does peer instruction benefit student learning?	40
The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect	40
Olfactory-colour crossmodal correspondences in art, science, and design	30
Beyond the beauty of occlusion: medical masks increase facial attractiveness more than other face coverings	28
Situating space: using a discipline-focused lens to examine spatial thinking skills	28
Perceived truth of statements and simulated social media postings: an experimental investigation of source credibility, repeated exposure, and presentation format	24
Individual differences in susceptibility to false memories for COVID-19 fake news	23
Inoculating against the spread of Islamophobic and radical-Islamist disinformation	23
Improving college students’ fact-checking strategies through lateral reading instruction in a general education civics course	21
Face masks disrupt holistic processing and face perception in school-age children	20
The relationship between political affiliation and beliefs about sources of “fake news”	18
Face masks have emotion-dependent dissociable effects on accuracy and confidence in identifying facial expressions of emotion	17
The scent of attraction and the smell of success: crossmodal influences on person perception	17
Updating our understanding of situation awareness in relation to remote operators of autonomous vehicles	17
How do we measure attention? Using factor analysis to establish construct validity of neuropsychological tests	17
Wine psychology: basic & applied	16
Communication with face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic for adults with hearing loss	16
Spatial anxiety mediates the sex difference in adult mental rotation test performance	16
Multisensory inclusive design with sensory substitution	15

Nevertheless, partisanship persisted: fake news warnings help briefly, but bias returns with time	15
Self-explaining roads: What does visual cognition tell us about designing safer roads?	13
Face masks impair facial emotion recognition and induce specific emotion confusions	13
Childhood wayfinding experience explains sex and individual differences in adult wayfinding strategy and anxiety	13
Does race impact speech perception? An account of accented speech in two different multilingual locales	13
The role of analytical reasoning and source credibility on the evaluation of real and fake full-length news articles	12
Ethnoracial disparities in cognition are associated with multiple socioeconomic status-stress pathways	12
A three-factor benefits framework for understanding consumer preference for scented household products: psychological interactions and implications for future development	12
Adapting implementation science for higher education research: the systematic study of implementing evidence-based practices in college classrooms	12
The impact of predictability on dual-task performance and implications for resource-sharing accounts	12
When it all falls down: the relationship between intuitive physics and spatial cognition	11
You don’t have to tell a story! A registered report testing the effectiveness of narrative versus non-narrative misinformation corrections	11
Uncertainty promotes information-seeking actions, but what information?	11
Resting-state posterior alpha power changes with prolonged exposure in a natural environment	11
More than skin deep: about the influence of self-relevant avatars on inhibitory control	11
Spatial thinking in infancy: Origins and development of mental rotation between 3 and 10 months of age	10
Correction format has a limited role when debunking misinformation	10
Impact of mask use on face recognition: an eye-tracking study	10
Improving cognitive mapping by training for people with a poor sense of direction	10
Gesture during math instruction specifically benefits learners with high visuospatial working memory capacity	10
An initial accuracy focus reduces the effect of prior exposure on perceived accuracy of news headlines	10
Masked emotions: Do face mask patterns and colors affect the recognition of emotions?	9
Measuring the effects of misinformation exposure and beliefs on behavioural intentions: a COVID-19 vaccination study	9
Elementary teachers’ attitudes and beliefs about spatial thinking and mathematics	9
Why spatial is special in education, learning, and everyday activities	9
Visual chunking as a strategy for spatial thinking in STEM	9
Cross-cultural differences in visuo-spatial processing and the culture-fairness of visuo-spatial intelligence tests: an integrative review and a model for matrices tasks	9
Face mask use in healthcare settings: effects on communication, cognition, listening effort and strategies for amelioration	9
Unattractive faces are more attractive when the bottom-half is masked, an effect that reverses when the top-half is concealed	9
Wielding a gun increases judgments of others as holding guns: a randomized controlled trial	8
Strengthening spatial reasoning: elucidating the attentional and neural mechanisms associated with mental rotation skill development	8
Visual communication via the design of food and beverage packaging	8
PTSD is associated with impaired event processing and memory for everyday events	8
A new measure of group decision-making efficiency	7
Individual differences in social intelligence and perception of emotion expression of masked and unmasked faces	7
That person is now with or without a mask: how encoding context modulates identity recognition	7
Domain-general cognitive motivation: evidence from economic decision-making	7
Are estimates of faces’ ages less accurate when they wear sunglasses or face masks and do these disguises make it harder to later recognise the faces when undisguised?	7
Individual differences in cognitive offloading: a comparison of intention offloading, pattern copy, and short-term memory capacity	7
#foodie: Implications of interacting with social media for memory	7
Face masks versus sunglasses: limited effects of time and individual differences in the ability to judge facial identity and social traits	7
Spatial activity participation in childhood and adolescence: consistency and relations to spatial thinking in adolescence	6
Exploring the effects of geographic scale on spatial learning	6
Wisdom of crowds and collective decision-making in a survival situation with complex information integration	6
Visual search behavior and performance in luggage screening: effects of time pressure, automation aid, and target expectancy	6
Typing expertise in a large student population	6
Self-reported mask-related worrying reduces relative avoidance bias toward unmasked faces in individuals with low Covid19 anxiety syndrome	6
Curiosity and the desire for agency: wait, wait … don’t tell me!	6
Do concerns about COVID-19 impair sustained attention?	6
The effect of expertise, target usefulness and image structure on visual search	6

How the wisdom of crowds, and of the crowd within, are affected by expertise	6
Effects of widespread community use of face masks on communication, participation, and quality of life in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic	6
Where are we going and where have we been? Examining the effects of maps on spatial learning in an indoor guided navigation task	6
Improving face identification of mask-wearing individuals	6
How do face masks impact communication amongst deaf/HoH people?	6
Eye movements reflect expertise development in hybrid search	6
Collective intelligence in fingerprint analysis	6
Face masks affect emotion categorisation, age estimation, recognition, and gender classification from faces	6
From “satisfaction of search” to “subsequent search misses”: a review of multiple-target search errors across radiology and cognitive science	5
Speaking with a KN95 face mask: a within-subjects study on speaker adaptation and strategies to improve intelligibility	5
The effects of face coverings, own-ethnicity biases, and attitudes on emotion recognition	5
Unpacking the Black Box of Translation: A framework for infusing spatial thinking into curricula	5
Testing encoding specificity and the diagnostic feature-detection theory of eyewitness identification, with implications for showups, lineups, and partially disguised perpetrators	5
Reading the news on Twitter: Source and item memory for social media in younger and older adults	5
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia and their relationship with cognitive and emotional executive functions	5
Do sequential lineups impair underlying discriminability?	5
Domain-general cognitive motivation: Evidence from economic decision-making – Final Registered Report	4
Causal theory error in college students’ understanding of science studies	4
Group decisions based on confidence weighted majority voting	4
Transparent masks reduce the negative impact of opaque masks on understanding emotional states but not on sharing them	4
Great expectations: minor differences in initial instructions have a major impact on visual search in the absence of feedback	4
Effects of temporal and spatiotemporal cues on detection of dynamic road hazards	4
Cognitive perspectives on maintaining physicians’ medical expertise: II. Acquiring, maintaining, and updating cognitive skills	4
The illusion of absence: how a common feature of magic shows can explain a class of road accidents	4
The challenge of cognitive science for medical diagnosis	4
Detecting a familiar person behind the surgical mask: recognition without identification among masked versus sunglasses-covered faces	4
A starring role for inference in the neurocognition of visual narratives	4
Surgical face masks do not impair the decoding of facial expressions of negative affect more severely in older than in younger adults	4
Finding counterfeited banknotes: the roles of vision and touch	4
Eye spy a liar: assessing the utility of eye fixations and confidence judgments for detecting concealed recognition of faces, scenes and objects	4
Serial dependence in the perceptual judgments of radiologists	4
Knowledge guides attention to goal-relevant information in older adults	4
The effect of implicit racial bias on recognition of other-race faces	4
Visual search under physical effort is faster but more vulnerable to distractor interference	4
When experience does not promote expertise: security professionals fail to detect low prevalence fake IDs	4
Infodemic: the effect of death-related thoughts on news-sharing	4
How can basic research on spatial cognition enhance the visual accessibility of architecture for people with low vision?	4
Recalling fake news during real news corrections can impair or enhance memory updating: the role of recollection-based retrieval	4
Masked face identification is improved by diagnostic feature training	4
When and why do people act on flawed science? Effects of anecdotes and prior beliefs on evidence-based decision-making	4
The perception of intonational and emotional speech prosody produced with and without a face mask: an exploratory individual differences study	4
Face processing in police service: the relationship between laboratory-based assessment of face processing abilities and performance in a real-world identity matching task	4
Non-monotonic developmental trend of holistic processing in visual expertise: the case of Chinese character recognition	4
Effects of experience on recognition of speech produced with a face mask	3
Cognitive perspectives on maintaining physicians’ medical expertise: I. Reimagining Maintenance of Certification to promote lifelong learning	3
Effects of individual and dyadic decision-making and normative reference on delay discounting decisions	3
The effect of pre-event instructions on eyewitness identification	3
Exploring factors that mitigate the continued influence of misinformation	3
Estimating the proportion of guilty suspects and posterior probability of guilt in lineups using signal-detection models	3
Statistical feature training improves fingerprint-matching accuracy in novices and professional fingerprint examiners	3
Incomplete faces are completed using a more average face	3
How does face mask in COVID-19 pandemic disrupt face learning and recognition in adults with autism spectrum disorder?	3
Causal illusions in the classroom: how the distribution of student outcomes can promote false instructional beliefs	3
Telling right from right: the influence of handedness in the mental rotation of hands	3
Testing landmark-specific effects on route navigation in an ecologically valid setting: a simulated driving study	3
Focus on the notice: evidence of spatial skills’ effect on middle school learning from a computer simulation	3
Context modulates the impact of auditory information on visual anticipation	3
Real-time prediction of short-timescale fluctuations in cognitive workload	3
Self-protecting motivation, indexed by self-threat, modifies retrieval-induced-forgetting and confidence in employment decision bias against out-group targets	3
Two face masks are better than one: congruency effects in face matching	3
Specificity and incremental predictive validity of implicit attitudes: studies of a race-based phenotype	3
Expert camouflage-breakers can accurately localize search targets	3
What’s in a face? The role of facial features in ratings of dominance, threat, and stereotypicality	2
Limited not lazy: a quasi-experimental secondary analysis of evidence quality evaluations by those who hold implausible beliefs	2
The performance costs of interruption during visual search are determined by the type of search task	2
The influence of familiarity on memory for faces and mask wearing	2
Does expressive writing or an instructional intervention reduce the impacts of test anxiety in a college classroom?	2
Game-based inoculation versus graphic-based inoculation to combat misinformation: a randomized controlled trial	2
The interactive functional biases of manual, language and attention systems	2
“He was the one with the gun!” Associative memory for white and black faces seen with weapons	2
Making decisions about health information on social media: a mouse-tracking study	2
More of what? Dissociating effects of conceptual and numeric mappings on interpreting colormap data visualizations	2
Comparable prediction of breast cancer risk from a glimpse or a first impression of a mammogram	2
Reference frames in spatial communication for navigation and sports: an empirical study in ultimate frisbee players	2
What can an echocardiographer see in briefly presented stimuli? Perceptual expertise in dynamic search	2
Enhancing banknote authentication by guiding attention to security features and manipulating prevalence expectancy	2
Illusion of knowledge in statistics among clinicians: evaluating the alignment between objective accuracy and subjective confidence, an online survey	2
Cognitive perspectives on maintaining physicians’ medical expertise: V. Using a motivational framework to understand the benefits and costs of testing	2
How one block of trials influences the next: persistent effects of disease prevalence and feedback on decisions about images of skin lesions in a large online study	2
Children’s ability to edit their memories when learning about the environment from credible and noncredible websites	2

Variation of picture angles and its effect on the Concealed Information Test	2
Emotional judgments of scenes are influenced by unintentional averaging	2
On the proposed role of metacognition in environment learning: recommendations for research	2
Out of fright, out of mind: impaired memory for information negated during looming threat	2
Spatial ability contributes to memory for delayed intentions	2
Red and blue states: dichotomized maps mislead and reduce perceived voting influence	2
When more is more: redundant modifiers can facilitate visual search	2
Interpolated testing and content pretesting as interventions to reduce task-unrelated thoughts during a video lecture	2
Examining the replicability of backfire effects after standalone corrections	2
Thinking about time: identifying prospective temporal illusions and their consequences	2
How sign language expertise can influence the effects of face masks on non-linguistic characteristics	2
Wakeful resting and listening to music contrast their effects on verbal long-term memory in dependence on word concreteness	2
The role of cognitive load in modulating social looking: a mobile eye tracking study	2
Studying visual search without an eye tracker: an assessment of artificial foveation	2
How a picture becomes a word: individual differences in the development of language-mediated visual search	2
g versus c: comparing individual and collective intelligence across two meta-analyses	2
Smiling makes you look older, even when you wear a mask: the effect of face masks on age perception	2
Subjective (dis)utility of effort: mentally and physically demanding tasks	2
Measurement of individual differences in face-identity processing abilities in older adults	2