Nuclear Materials and Energy

Article	Citations
Comparative analysis of low cycle fatigue behavior of pre-corroded standard and sub-sized EUROFER97 specimens exposed to ceramic breeder environment	61
SOLEDGE3X integrated core-edge modelling of tungsten sources, migration, and radiation in WEST plasmas	57
Impact of water ingress on deuterium release, oxidation, and dust generation in beryllium plasma-facing components	38
Slow strain rate testing of Fe-10Cr-4Al ferritic steel in liquid lead and lead–bismuth eutectic	38
First-principles study of helium behaviors in oxide dispersion strengthened nickel alloys	27
Microstructure and high temperature mechanical properties of the new cladding steel of 15Cr-15Ni-Ti-Y	22
Activated sintering effect of Fe element on tungsten via spark plasma sintering	19
Crystallographic characterization of U2CrN3: A neutron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy approach	19
A comparative study on the microstructure and performance stability of Cu-Al2O3 and Cu-Y2O3 alloys after high-temperature annealing	18
A first study of the complex-concentrated-alloy W38Ta36Cr15V11 in Pisces-RF high-flux deuterium plasma	18
Corrigendum to “Laser ablation of a solid target in liquid medium for beryllium nanoparticles synthesis” [Nucl. Mater. Energy 31 (2022) 101160]	18
Multi-staged ERO2.0 simulation of material erosion and deposition in recessed ITER mirror assemblies	18
High-temperature tensile and thermal shock characterization of low-temperature rolled tungsten	18
Boundary plasma studies for a spherical tokamak with lithium walls	17
Evolution of elemental depth profiles on co-deposited layers at the divertor region of the WEST tokamak during its Phase 1 operations	17
First ion temperature measurements in the MAST-U divertor via Retarding Field Energy Analyzer	17
Quantitative characterization of deuterium and helium retention in the marked tiles with various materials exposed to HL-2A tokamak	16
Erosion of thin boron films at the linear plasma device PSI-2 during deuterium discharges: Atomic and molecular spectroscopy of boron	16
Study on damage behavior of the outer horizontal target in the EAST lower divertor after plasma operations	16
Effect of hydrogen atoms adsorption on the work function of the LaB6	15
Study on the influence of boronization on the first mirror unit in EAST	15
Analysis of H-mode and L-mode plasmas with a liquid Sn CPS divertor test unit in the ASDEX Upgrade tungsten divertor	14
Comparative study on microstructure response of Cu-Al2O3 and Cu-Y2O3 alloys under sequential He+/D+ ion irradiation	13
Research on the influence of fabrication methods on the performance of fusion reactor divertors	13
Fission products Sr and Ba in actinide (U, Th) chloride systems: Thermodynamic modelling, experimental investigation and application calculations	13

The angle of incidence dependence of the sputtering energy threshold of tungsten in future nuclear fusion device	12
Normal high velocity solid dust impacts on tiles of tokamak-relevant temperature	12
Determination of Tritium-Helium-3 differential cross-section in the energy range between 0.6 MeV and 3.3 MeV for tritium depth profiling in solids	12
High-speed camera observation of Hα, Hβ and Hγ associated with mutual neutralization and EIR in GAMMA 10/PDX divertor simulated plasma	11
Observation of the significant reductions of electron density and electron temperature in a cascaded arc high density argon plasma with ammonia seeding comparing with nitrogen seeding by laser Thomson	11
First-principles study of beryllium thermodynamics and clustering mechanism in molybdenum: Effects of vacancies and self-interstitial atoms	11
Influence of 2 (wt%) titanium addition on the oxidation resistance of tungsten	11
Real-time helium bubble growth in tungsten by in-situ GISAXS	11
Editorial for proceedings of ICFRM-20	11
Studies of material deposition during boronization using quartz crystal microbalance in EAST	11
Deuterium retention in pre-lithiated samples and Li–D co-deposits in the DIII-D tokamak	11
A new attempt to further reduce the work function of the cesiated surface: The strongest electronegative element fluorine co-adsorption with cesium on Mo (001) surface	11
Validation of EDGDE2D-EIRENE predicted 2D distributions of electron temperature and density against divertor Thomson scattering measurements in the low-field side divertor leg in DIII-D	11
Production of 99Mo at IFMIF-DONES reusing the flux of neutrons	11
CIEMAT experimental proposal on lithium ignition in support of DONES licensing (LiFIRE facility)	11
Sputtering fabrication of isolated W nanocolumns: A possible alternative as plasma facing material for nuclear fusion reactors	11
Thermal hydraulic and structural analysis of the IFMIF-DONES liquid-lithium target system	11
Instability of molten beryllium layers during ITER thermal quenches	11
Low-dose damage evolution in pure magnesium under electron irradiation: Effect of foil orientation and pre-existing dislocations	10
Ion-irradiation effect on swelling and microstructure of BN particle dispersed liquid phase sintering SiC	10
Pronounced inhibitory mechanism of Cr on vacancy-like defects in Fe9Cr alloy irradiation with helium ions	10
Modeling intrinsic- and displacement-damage-driven retention in EUROFER	10
Microstructure and mechanical properties of Bp/Al neutron shielding composites	10
Understanding the oxidation of pure tungsten in air and its impact on the lifecycle of a fusion power plant	10
Reaction–diffusion simulations of hydrogen isotope trapping and release from cavities in tungsten, II: Array of cavities	10
Application of an improved WallDYN surface model to estimate ITER boronization layer lifetime	10
Comparative studies of tungsten erosion and edge transport under partially detached divertor condition of CFETR with neon and argon seedings	10
Recollections for the 50th anniversary of the plasma surface interactions (PSI) in controlled fusion devices conference	10
Corrigendum to “The brittle-to-ductile transition in cold-rolled tungsten sheets: Contributions of grain and subgrain boundaries to the enhanced ductility after pre-deformation” [Nucl. Mater. Energy 2	10
Studies of irradiated two-phase lithium ceramics Li4SiO4/Li2TiO3 by thermal desorption spectroscopy	9
Preliminary study on the microstructure and hardness of wire and arc additively manufactured ODS-RAFM steel subjected to 2.5 MeV Fe ion irradiation	9
Steam oxidation of 316Nb Stainless-Steel from 850°C to 1350°C: kinetics and thermodynamic analysis	9
13C surface characterization of midplane and crown collector probes on DIII-D	9
Simulation study of the influence of the outer target geometry on tungsten contamination: Horizontal vs. vertical target	9
Exposure of tungsten heavy alloys at high thermal loads in LHD	9
2D GEM-based SXR imaging diagnostics for plasma radiation: Preliminary design and simulations	9
In-situ observation of restoration of tungsten plate via high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy	9
Multi-Scale microscopy of Reactive sintered boride (RSB) neutron shielding materials	9
Hydrothermal corrosion of PVD and cold spray Cr-coatings on Zircaloy-4 in hydrogenated and oxygenated LWR coolant environments	9
Experiment-modeling studies comparing energy dissipation in the DIII-D SAS and SAS-VW divertors	9
Design of a multi-configurations divertor for the DTT facility	9
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for helium detection in beryllium coatings	9
The effectiveness of D2 pellet and gas injection in reducing intra-ELM tungsten erosion and heat flux in the DIII-D small angle slot divertor	9
Dissolution of deuterium into Pb-Li and determination of the Sieverts’ constant	9
Physics of the electric field in the scrape-off layer in ASDEX Upgrade L-mode discharges and comparison to experiments	9
Investigating the stability and work function effects of Ba atoms adsorption on the Mo (110) surface	9
Laser ablation of a solid target in liquid medium for beryllium nanoparticles synthesis	8
Fe-ion irradiation induced changes in precipitates of 11Cr ferritic/martensitic steel	8
Analysis of edge transport in L-mode negative triangularity TCV discharges	8
Modification of chemical and mechanical properties of p-W-O coating after Magnum-PSI D2-N2 plasma exposure and its consequences for the analysis of LIBS spectra	8

Visualizing spatially inhomogeneous hydrogen isotope diffusion by hydrogenography	8
Subtle microstructural changes during prolonged annealing of ODS-Eurofer steel	8
Operating voltage of a W-fuzz cathode arc and the mass/charge composition of the arc plasma depending on the fuzz thickness	8
Quantification of the uncertainty arising from atomic physics in edge plasmas	8
Uniaxial strain-induced cascade defect evolution in molybdenum: An atomistic study with a new machine-learning potential	8
Microstructure of tungsten coatings effect on deuterium plasma-driven permeation through RAFM steel	8
Comparative analysis of gas release from biphasic lithium ceramics pebble beds of various pebbles sizes and content under neutron irradiation conditions	8
Model validation of tungsten erosion and redeposition properties using biased tungsten samples on DiMES	8
Study on photoluminescence properties of Er2O3 materials as irradiation damage and temperature sensors	8
Design of a two-stage cryopump with hydrogen-helium separation capability for fusion reactor application	8
Measurement of thermal expansion anisotropy in Be12Ti and Be12V	8
EDGE2D-EIRENE and ERO2.0 predictions of nitrogen molecular break-up and transport in the divertor of JET low-confinement mode plasmas	8
Collisional-Radiative modeling of unresolved transition array spectra near 200 Å from W17+-W25+ emissions for diagnostics of ITER edge plasma	8
Simulation of loss-of-coolant accident with thin-walled cladding tubes	8
Assessment of the ITER divertor bolometer diagnostic performance	8
Effects of thermal aging at 873 K on the impact properties of an ODS ferritic steel	8
Effects of minor rhenium additions on the thermal properties and recrystallization temperature of tungsten alloy	8
Positron annihilation studies of Eurofer97/ODS steels after helium ion implantation	8
Transport in the tokamak - reactor edge plasma with strong collisionality	8
Effect of nanosecond laser irradiation on tungsten grain structure	7
Surface normal emissivity measurements in uncoated and oxidized B-coated plasma facing component materials in the long wavelength infrared spectrum	7
First principles investigation of adsorption and diffusion behavior of fission products (Cs, Sr and I) on carbide ceramic (SiC, NbC and ZrC) coatings	7
Heterogeneous microstructure and anisotropic mechanical properties of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing	7
Multiscale computational study to predict the irradiation-induced change in engineering properties of fusion reactor materials	7
Predicting image processing-normalized DL-EPRT performance from Rudimentary Cihal method-based counterpart	7
Effect of nickel on the FeCrAl alloy oxidation resistance in steam environment at high temperature (1000 °C)	7
Tight-binding potential model for Re and W-Re alloy	7
Removal of deuterium retention by various helium discharge cleanings under strong magnetic field in EAST superconducting tokamak	7
Nanostructure formation and D retention in redeposited-like W exposed to linear plasmas	7
Investigation on hydrogen embrittlement and failure characteristics of Zr-4 cladding based on the GTN method	7
Preparation and characterization of marker graphite tiles for PWI research of HL-3	7
Segregation of alloying elements at the TiC/V interface: A first-principles study	7
Grain orientation and temperature dependences of bubbles at tungsten surfaces upon helium plasma exposure	7
Impact of SEM acquisition parameters on the porosity analysis of irradiated U-Mo fuel	7
Tribological and microstructure evaluation of 17Cr ferritic ODS steel fabricated through vacuum hot pressing	7
Coexistence of H-MAR and N-MAR in divertor simulation experimental module of GAMMA 10/PDX	7
Testing of ITER-grade plasma facing units in the WEST tokamak: Progress in understanding heat loading and damage mechanisms	7
New evaluation of neutron-induced displacement damage cross section for EUROFER97	7
Deuterium retention and transport in ion-irradiated tungsten exposed to deuterium atoms: Role of grain boundaries	7
Oxidation behaviour of PM-C26M FeCrAl alloy in low-temperature steam 400 – 900 °C	7
Innovative laser-based methods for monitoring fuel retention in ITER	7
Mechanical and microstructural analysis of tungsten exposed in JET deuterium plasmas	6
Effects of helium implantation on the deuterium permeation behavior in oxidized Fe-Cr-Al ferritic steel	6
The impact of intrinsic H defects and O impurities on the properties of PuH2: A DFT and machine learning force field study	6
Molecular dynamics study of interstitial He clusters in nickel	6
Prospects of core–edge integrated no-ELM and small-ELM scenarios for future fusion devices	6
Stress distribution in a 316L(N) steel narrow gap TIG model weld for Gen IV nuclear applications	6
Influence of helium bubbles location on hydrogen isotope retention and exchange behavior in plasma-facing materials: A numerical simulation investigation	6
Paramagnetic radiation-induced defect centres and their correlation with the optical properties of irradiated advanced ceramic breeder pebbles	6
Role of doped ZrC on deuterium trapping in W-ZrC alloy	6
Additive manufacturing of FeCrAl alloys for nuclear applications - A focused review	6
Simulations of beryllium castellation gap bridging during vertical displacement events	6
Validating reduced models for detachment onset and reattachment times on MAST-U	6
A study on initial formation stage of proton irradiation defects in reactor pressure vessel steel	6
First thermal fatigue studies of tungsten armor for DEMO and ITER at the OLMAT High Heat Flux facility	6
The effect of CD4 injection on WD molecule sputtering at the divertor target in EAST	6
Microstructural evolution of tungsten under thermal loads: A comparative study between cyclic high heat flux loading and isochronous furnace heating	6
Fuel recycling control in long pulse operation with full tungsten divertors in EAST tokamak	6
Deuterium retention in self-irradiated tungsten by D2 gas loading	6
Study of line spectra emitted by hydrogen isotopes in tokamaks through Deep-Learning algorithms	6
Effects of Cr and Si addition on the high-temperature oxidation resistance in high-Mn alumina-forming oxide dispersion strengthened austenitic steels	6
Effective control of intrinsic impurities using n = 1 resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) in EAST H-mode plasma	6
Effect of boron on the microstructure and performance of HIP-prepared high boron steels	6
Investigation of the deposition behaviour of cobalt on 304 stainless steel in a simulated spent nuclear fuel pool	6
First study of the location of deuterium in displacement-damaged tungsten by nuclear reaction analysis in channeling configuration	6
Alkaline hydrothermal treatment of P25 titanium dioxide for low temperature sintering of Li2TiO3 tritium breeding ceramics	6
Editorial for the Special Issue on EUROFER97	6
The effects of W and Mo on the formation of early stage α’ solute clusters in ion-irradiated Fe-Cr-X (X = W/Mo) alloys	6
Optimally incorporating intra-cascade spatial correlations into mean-field cluster dynamics for radiation damage modeling	6
Investigation of particle exhaust from EAST divertor	6
Preliminary numerical study on thermal impact of runaway electrons to limiter PFU in fusion reactor	6
Combined irradiation effects on the surface and microstructure evolution of swaged tungsten materials: tungsten ions, helium plasma, and pulsed electron beam irradiations	6
Characterization of the peak temperature on upper W divertor target during D and He plasma discharges in EAST	6
Densification behavior of ceramic tritium breeder pebble beds under vertical vibration: Effect of vibration parameters	6
First in operando transient grating spectroscopy measurements on tungsten during high flux plasma operation in PISCES-RF	6
Effect of electronic excitations on hydrogen behavior in tungsten	6
Efficiency evaluation of fuel retention diagnostic in first wall by LID-QMS: Based on LIBS	6
Lyman line opacities in tokamak divertor plasmas under high-recycling and detached conditions	6
Effect of spatial distribution of impurity ions on the signal of ‘C/O monitor for Wendelstein 7-X’ - an indicator of plasma wall interactions	5
Spinodal decomposition and radiation damage of a FeCuMnNi high-entropy alloy	5

Beryllium intermetallics: Industrial experience on development and manufacture	5
Evolution of He bubbles during the steam oxidation in He-implanted ferritic-martensitic steels	5
Enhanced microstructural and mechanical performance of P91–304L dissimilar welded joints using gas tungsten arc welding with a Ni-1 intermediate buffer layer and ERNiCrMo-3 filler metal	5
Overview of advanced plasma-facing materials testing for Fusion Pilot Plants at DIII-D	5
The effect of D2	5
A First-principles analysis of Structural, Electronic, Elastic, and vacant properties of BCC, FCC and HCP tungsten at different electronic temperatures	5
Variation in the volumetric power and momentum losses in the JET-ILW scrape-off layer	5
Heterogenous microstructure and texture evolution of K-doped tungsten thick plate during hot-rolling processing	5
Preliminary tritium transport analysis for the water cooled ceramic breeder blanket system based on a system level code	5
Optical and radiative characterization of WEST post-mortem samples	5
First-principles study on the hydrogen trapping by vacancy and substitutional helium in W–Ta alloy	5
First principles investigation of the electronic-thermal transport of ThN, UN, and ThC	5
Influence of the distance of a collisional cascade to an edge dipole in α	5
First SOLEDGE3X-EIRENE simulations of the ITER Neon seeded burning plasma boundary up to the first wall	5
Stabilization of liquid tin surfaces under D plasma irradiation by a capillary porous system	5
Pisces-RF: A helicon-plasma based linear-device for the study of fusion relevant plasma-materials-interactions	5
The microstructure and He+ ion irradiation behavior of novel low-activation W-Ta-Cr-V refractory high entropy alloy for nuclear applications	5
Long-term thermal stability of biphasic Li4SiO4-Li2TiO3 EU reference tritium breeder ceramics enriched in Li-6	5
Effect of uniaxial tensile strain on binding energy of hydrogen atoms to vacancy-carbon-hydrogen complexes in α-iron	5
Cold plasma studies on the influence of surface microstructured thickness in the secondary electron emission from tungsten coatings	5
Hydrogen trapping in vanadium carbide alloyed with transition metals	5
Non-destructive characterization of advanced nuclear fuel materials using neutron imaging	5
Influence of surface morphology on erosion of plasma-facing components in H-mode plasmas of ASDEX Upgrade	5
First feedback-controlled divertor detachment in W7-X: Experience from TDU operation and prospects for operation with actively cooled divertor	5
Synergistic effect of hydrogen, helium and displacement damage on cavity evolution in pure Fe and CLF-1 steel under multiple beams irradiation	5
Material transport from marker tiles in the JET divertor	5
Microstructural insights into EUROFER97 batch 3 steels	5
Investigating the microstructure of additively manufactured tungsten parts produced by electron beam powder bed fusion process	5
Direct experimental measurement of the solubility of hydrogen isotopes in the Eurofer-97 RAFM	5
Densification Behaviors of Zirconium Carbide with Silicon Additive Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering	5
Erosion and redeposition patterns on divertor tiles after exposure in the first operational phase of WEST	5
Stress analysis of aspherical TRISO-coated particle with X-ray computed tomography	5
Crystal-orientation-dependent physical sputtering from four elemental metals	5
Helium swelling behavior for neutron multipliers after irradiation with He ions at high temperatures	5
Asymmetry in particle load on divertor tiles in different magnetic field configurations of LHD	5
Influence of initial damage distribution and sinks in fusion materials: A parametric OKMC study of W vs Fe	5
Improved Coulomb collision operator for kinetic ion transport with EMC3-EIRENE simulating Nitrogen seeding in medium density ITER L-mode scenario	5
Review on ASDEX Upgrade operation with tungsten plasma facing components	5
Reduction of MHD pressure drop by electrical insulating oxide layers in liquid breeder blanket of fusion reactors	5
Effect of 5 MeV Au3+ ions irradiation damage on surface blistering and deuterium retention behaviors in W and W-ZrC alloy	5
Study on corrosion behavior of China low activation ferritic/martensitic steel in static liquid lithium	5
Thermophysical properties and oxidation behaviour of the U0.8Zr0.2N solid solution	5
Effect of the heating rate and Y2O3 coating on the microstructure of Wf/Y2O3/W composites via field assisted sintering technology	4
Exploring the impacts of Li and He impurities in a tungsten matrix: A First-Principles study	4
Simultaneous characterization of O, C, 6Li, and medium-weight impurities concentration in PbLi by ion beam analysis	4
Divertor erosion at ASDEX Upgrade during helium plasma operations	4
Thick functionally-graded W-316L composite coatings for nuclear fusion applications	4
TALIF measurements of atomic deuterium in toroidal divertor simulator NAGDIS-T	4
Irradiation induced structural changes in the coating layers of TRISO fuel	4
Low temperature hydrogen superpermeation in vanadium composite metal foil pumps	4
Assessment of carbon net erosion/deposition at the divertor of W7-X	4
Corrigendum to “Microstructural study of the thermal stability of a thermomechanically treated T91 steel by TEM in situ annealing” [Nucl. Mater. Energy 32 (2022) 101213]	4
Deuterium permeation and retention behavior in copper-based brazing filler materials	4
Novel criterion for W-Cu interlayer joint delamination in divertor target monoblock under heating through ANSYS-CZM parametric studies	4
Predicting the stability and exploring the fundamental physical properties of tetragonal Gd2O3: A comprehensive first-principles investigation	4
Study of irradiation-induced vacancy-type defects in tungsten using positron annihilation spectroscopy	4
Evaluation of neutron irradiation-induced displacement damage in heat pipe reactor	4
Dynamic behavior of helium in nanocrystalline tungsten film by thermal desorption and internal friction	4
Boron layer preparation, characterization and hydrogen isotope permeability for fusion application	4
Post-mortem analysis of material deposition and fuel retention on the plasma-facing materials after the 2021 campaign in EAST	4
Recent progress in research on bonding technologies of W/Cu monoblocks as the divertor for nuclear fusion reactors	4
Effect of dispersion particles and precipitates on the corrosion properties of ODS-Cu, Cu-Cr-Zr and Cu-Cr alloys in Na2SO4 solutions	4
Investigation of thermoplastic deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of CLF-1 steel for fusion blankets	4
Coexistence of He and H in ceramic insulators for the DCLL Breeding Blanket: Evaluation of potential synergistic effects by TEM and nanoindentation	4
Influence of redeposited tungsten and EUROFER97 layers on deuterium retention in plasma-facing materials	4
Effect of Si and Nb additions on carbonitride coatings under proton irradiation: A comprehensive analysis of structural, mechanical, corrosion, and neutron activation properties	4
Advanced materials to enhance the nuclear performances of the high temperature Dual Coolant Lithium lead breeding blanket for the EU DEMO	4
Water-cooled lead and ceramic breeder (WLCB) breeding blanket (BB) for the EU DEMO: Neutronic campaigns for T breeding optimization	4
Study on the annealing and three-point bending fracture behavior of single W fiber-reinforced W composites with multiple interfaces prepared by CVD	4
Numerical modeling of impurity powder injection in W7-X	4
Hydrogen isotope exchange and deuterium removal in pre-irradiated tungsten: a comparative study of H/He/Ar plasma exposure and H2 gas annealing	4
Sputtering yield reduction for nano-columnar W surfaces under D ion irradiation	4
Collector probe analysis of tungsten transport to the far-SOL from the DIII-D SAS-VW divertor experiment	4
D retention in e-beam powder-bed fused (3-D printed) tungsten exposed to high-flux deuterium plasma in Pisces-RF	4
High heat flux testing of wire-based laser metal deposition coated plasma-facing components	4
Electron beam welding behavior in Eurofer subjected to the PbLi eutectic	4
A new method for preparing high-quality and fatigue-resistant divertor W/Cu joints	4
DEM study on the force chain evolution of biaxial compression of pebble bed	4
High temperature tensile and creep properties of the new cladding steel of 15-15Ti-Y	4
Overview of plasma-tungsten surfaces interactions on the divertor test sector in WEST during the C3 and C4 campaigns	4
A percolation theory-based approach for analyzing fluid flow mechanism in blanket pebble beds	4
Effect of molybdenum release on UO2/MOX fuel oxidation under severe light water reactor accident conditions	4
Numerical analysis of recrystallization behaviors for W monoblock under cyclic high heat flux	4
Phase-field simulations of the recrystallization and the mechanical property response in deformed tungsten	4
Microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of W-B-Ni-Fe shielding cermets synthesized by reactive boride sintering	4
Effect of temperature on intermetallic compound formation and mechanical properties of Mo/BNi2/304L vacuum brazed joints	4
Edge plasma turbulence simulations in detached regimes with the SOLEDGE3X code	4
Deuterium retention characteristics during lithium powder and granule injection in EAST	4
Influence of preheating on tungsten damage under pulsed hydrogen plasma exposure	4
HEAT simulation and IR data comparison for ST40 plasma-facing components	4
Progress on the design and integration of a decoupled Capillary Porous System based First Wall for HELIAS	4
Study on the adsorption mechanism and properties of silver-loaded zeolite for radioactive iodine	4
Phase transition behaviour and properties of Ti-Gd based thermal neutron shielding alloys	4
Reimplantation of supporting legs on EAST divertor by electron beam brazing	4
Positron lifetime study of ion-irradiated tungsten: Ion type and dose effects	4