Motivation Science

Article	Citations
Supplemental Material for Role of Contingency in Reward–Emotion Interactions During the Categorization of Emotional Facial Expressions	179
What is next for situated expectancy-value theory? A reply to our commentators.	51
Self-determination theory shows that free will matters.	40
What makes people want more self-control: A duo of deficiency and necessity.	22
Aggressive motivation: An introduction and overview.	21
Understanding aggression in adolescence by studying the neurobiological stress system: A systematic review.	21
Ramadan fasting as a goal-pursuit: Why people fast, and how motives affect their experience.	20
Supplemental Material for Missing Out by Pursuing Rewarding Outcomes: Why Initial Biases Can Lead to Persistent Suboptimal Choices	19
Supplemental Material for Pushing Reactance Theory: An Examination of the Reactance Process in the Context of Advice	18
Supplemental Material for Measuring Subjective Mental Effort as an Aversive and Enjoyable Phenomenon	18
Batson on prosocial motivation. Commentary on Batson (2022).	18
Does exposure to sedentary temptations activate physical activity goals? A high-powered replication study.	15
Goal motives, mental contrasting with implementation intentions, and the self-regulation of saving goals: A longitudinal investigation.	15
Supplemental Material for Leave to Fight Another Day: Having the Option to Switch Promotes a Persistence Trade-Off	14
Supplemental Material for Episodic Binding of Approach–Avoidance Goals to Stimuli: On the Microgenesis of Stimulus-Motivated Action Tendencies to Approach and Avoid	14
Supplemental Material for Motive-Modulated Attentional Orienting: Implicit Power Motive Predicts Attentional Avoidance of Signals of Interpersonal Dominance	14
What to say to round up more donors, or bigger donations.	12
A mastery-oriented (and masterful) career: Some reflections on Carol Dweck’s legacy article.	12
The force of craving: Approach movements relate to lateralized P3 amplitudes and sensation seeking.	12
Using dynamic item response theory and machine learning based on natural language processing to improve the reliability of the Operant Motive Test.	12
The uncertainty-dissuasion model of reactance inhibition.	11
Emotional learning and psychopathic personality traits: The role of attentional focus and intention to learn.	11
Self-regulatory processes in striving for identity goals: Self-incompleteness shields eco-friendly vegans from temptations.	11
The homunculus in the room: A reply to Kunde and Janczyk (2024) and Hommel and Eder (2024).	10
A fictional discussion between the late B. F. Skinner and Edwin A. Locke.	9

The legacies of the neuropsychology of anxiety for Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory.	9
Individual concerns modulate reward-related learning and behaviors involving sexual outcomes.	8
From feeling to doing in social dilemmas: Emotional and behavioral responses to climate change.	8
Motive-modulated attentional orienting: Implicit power motive predicts attentional avoidance of signals of interpersonal dominance.	8
Congratulations, so happy for you! Promotion motivation predicts social support for positive events.	8
Episodic binding of approach–avoidance goals to stimuli: On the microgenesis of stimulus-motivated action tendencies to approach and avoid.	8
It is time to stop using the terminology “passive” fatigue.	8
Why motivation for adhering to COVID-19 measures matters: Investigating time-lagged associations with epidemiological indicators.	7
Effects of habit and intention on behavior: Meta-analysis and test of key moderators.	7
Supplemental Material for The Two Faces of Persistence: How Harmonious and Obsessive Passion Shape Goal Pursuit	7
Latent profiles of high school academic intrinsic motivation: Relations to educational attainment, curiosity, and work and leadership motivation in adulthood.	7
Supplemental Material for Poor Sleep Quality Is Significantly Associated With Effort but Not Temporal Discounting of Monetary Rewards	7
Understanding the desire to play violent video games: An integrative motivational theory.	7
Emotions, action tendencies, and the reinforcement sensitivity theory.	7
The roles of need satisfaction and passion in symptoms of behavioral addiction: The case of video gaming and gambling.	7
Supplemental Material for Metacognitive Awareness of Subjective Difficulty, Effort, and Frustration in Cognitive Conflict Contexts	7
Supplemental Material for Does Exposure to Sedentary Temptations Activate Physical Activity Goals? A High-Powered Replication Study	6
Supplemental Material for Mentalizing in Reactance: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Freedom Threats	6
Where are anxiety and personality in the brain?	6
COVID-19 illegal social gatherings: Predicting rule compliance from autonomous and controlled forms of motivation.	6
Beyond counterarguing? Comparing multiple measures of cognitive resistance for psychological reactance using the avoidance, contesting, and empowering (ACE) resistance typology.	5
Rebels for a reason: How psychological reactance is goal-directed.	5
Cognitive mastery motivation antecedents of academic intrinsic motivation latent profiles: A longitudinal study from preschool to adolescence.	5
Supplemental Material for Goal Motives, Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions, and the Self-Regulation of Saving Goals: A Longitudinal Investigation	5
Environmental control of human goal pursuit: Investigating cue-based forced responses in a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer paradigm.	5
Supplemental Material for The Differential Effects of Reward Prospect and Reward Reception: Dynamic Performance Adjustment Versus Stable Performance	5
Supplemental Material for Motives and Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions Predict Progress and Management of Goals in Parents	5
Implications of psychological reactance for clinical practice in psychiatry including a systematic review.	5
School context and academic engagement: A longitudinal study on the mediating effect of the motivational self system.	5
On the nature, predictors, and outcomes of longitudinal work passion profiles.	5
Defeminizing sustainability: How to boost men’s motivation for proenvironmental behavior.	5
The cerebellum in aggression: Extending the cortico-limbic dual-route model of motivation and emotion.	4
Supplemental Material for Learning Contexts Matter: Having Value-Supportive Instructors Moderates the Efficacy of a Utility-Value Intervention in Community College Math	4
Role of contingency in reward–emotion interactions during the categorization of emotional facial expressions.	4
Student attributions about interest-value shape academic decisions and recommendations.	4
The utility value of a broad, comprehensive theory of motivation.	4
Supplemental Material for You Can(’t) Always Get What You Want: When Goal Persistence Requires Flexibility	4
Expectancy, value, . . . And more.	4
Reflections on the legacy of self-determination theory.	4
Measuring subjective mental effort as an aversive and enjoyable phenomenon.	4
Beyond achievement: Transformation mindset enhances authenticity after goal success.	3
Measuring avoidance-related trait anger: American and Polish versions of the Avoidance Motivated Response to Anger Scale (AMRAS).	3
Regulatory focus and (un)ethical behavior within an organization.	3
Placing motivation again at the heart of psychology: Commentary on Dweck’s contributions.	3
The reflection of motive dispositions in everyday agentic motivational states.	3
Metacognitive awareness of subjective difficulty, effort, and frustration in cognitive conflict contexts.	3
The reactive spiral: An initial empirical assessment.	2
Supplemental Material for Congratulations, So Happy for You! Promotion Motivation Predicts Social Support for Positive Events	2
Supplemental Material for Managing the Motivation of Others: Do Managers Recognize How to Manage Regulatory Focus in Subordinates?	2
Why do I act for the environment? Socioeconomic status moderates the relationship between climate change beliefs and sustainable actions.	2

Personal perspectives on mindsets, motivation, and psychology.	2
Do I want this job? Integrating research across psychological subfields to examine how individuals think about perceived values during career decision making.	2
The motivational factors underlying delay discounting.	2
Supplemental Material for Self-Regulatory Thought Across Time and Domains	2
Autonomous versus controlled goal motivation differentially predicts goal progress and well-being through emotion regulation styles.	2
Goal shelving can both undermine and support prioritized goals: The role of opportunity costs.	2
From ego depletion to self-control fatigue: A review of criticisms along with new perspectives for the investigation and replication of a multicomponent phenomenon.	2
Supplemental Material for Just Be Yourself? Regulatory Focus Moderates the Effects of Societal Standards Attainment on Personal Well-Being	2
Negotiating with yourself and winning: The dual commitment model for intrapersonal sustainability goal conflicts.	2
Q: What is the recipe for defense? A: Threat, anxiety, and approach motivation.	2
Learning from failure.	2
The context-sensitive use of task enrichment to promote self-control: The role of metacognition and trait self-control.	2
Goal-colored glasses: Goal instrumentality shapes when and with whom shared reality emerges.	2
Supplemental Material for Effects of Habit and Intention on Behavior: Meta-Analysis and Test of Key Moderators	2
Exploring the role of goal-dependent processes in action slips under time pressure.	2
Mentalizing in reactance: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of freedom threats.	2
Is task switching avoided to save effort or time? Shorter intertrial durations following task switches increase the willingness to switch tasks.	2
Choosing task characteristics oneself justifies effort: A study on cardiac response and the critical role of task difficulty.	2
Attitude-based self-regulation: A diary study on the role of attitudes in the experience and resolution of self-control conflicts in the context of vegetarians.	2
Supplemental Material for Exploring the Role of Goal-Dependent Processes in Action Slips Under Time Pressure	1
Metamotivational knowledge of others’ achievement goals in a work context.	1
The differential effects of reward prospect and reward reception: Dynamic performance adjustment versus stable performance.	1
Goal motives, approach/avoidance appraisals, psychological needs, and well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis.	1
The role of metamotivational knowledge in the regulation of motivation.	1
Moral self-regulation and recycling: Does feeling guilty make us want to recycle more?	1
Motivation matters: Autonomous motivation sustains the happiness from prosocial behavior.	1
Supplemental Material for Beyond Achievement: Transformation Mindset Enhances Authenticity After Goal Success	1
Breaking down silos in motivation science.	1
Supplemental Material for Choosing Task Characteristics Oneself Justifies Effort: A Study on Cardiac Response and the Critical Role of Task Difficulty	1
Mapping the dose–response relationship between monetary reward and cognitive performance.	1
Thoughts on a thoughtful theory of prosocial motivation. Commentary on Batson (2022).	1
Why elusive expectancy × value interactions may be critical for theory and intervention: A simulated power analysis.	1
The motivation of aggression: A cognitive neuroscience approach and neurochemical speculations.	1
Poor sleep quality is significantly associated with effort but not temporal discounting of monetary rewards.	1
Supplemental Material for When Facilitating a Group Member’s (Versus One’s Own) Progress Increases Motivation in Group-Level Goal Pursuit	1
Disentangling the impact of instructor mindset and demeanor on student experiences.	1
A generative legacy: SDT’s refined understanding of the central role of autonomy in human lives.	1
Blind to threat: The presence of temporary goals prevents attention to imminent threat already at early stages of attention allocation.	1
Using norm networks to map cultural differences in predictors of proenvironmental behavior in the United States and India.	1
Supplemental Material for Goal Motives, Approach/Avoidance Appraisals, Psychological Needs, and Well-Being: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis	1
Expectancy-value theory to situated expectancy-value theory: Reflections on the legacy of 40+ years of working together.	1
Supplemental Material for Exploring Effects of Mixed Mindset Messages From Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Instructors	1
Supplemental Material for Developing a Causally Valid Picture-Story Measure of Sexual Motivation: II. Effects of Film Clips	1
Missing out by pursuing rewarding outcomes: Why initial biases can lead to persistent suboptimal choices.	1
Expressing and developing wisdom: A self-determination theory approach.	0
Acknowledgment	0
A supine body posture reduces the error-related negativity: A test of a dissonance theory prediction.	0
Society for the Science of Motivation Presidential Address: Can we harness motivation science to motivate ourselves?	0
In it to win it? Comparative evaluation increases zero-sum beliefs.	0
Motivated by default—How nudges facilitate people to act in line with their motivation.	0
Supplemental Material for Metamotivational Knowledge of Others’ Achievement Goals in a Work Context	0
Supplemental Material for Mental Contrasting of a Feared Future and Uptake of Initial COVID-19 Vaccines and Bivalent Booster Shots: Two Randomized Controlled Trials	0
Regulatory focus and thinking about the future versus reality.	0
Supplemental Material for Developing a Causally Valid Picture-Story Measure of Sexual Motivation: I. Effects of Priming	0
Control alters risk-taking: The motivating impact of action-effectiveness in different risk contexts.	0
Saving the environment? That is beyond my (will)power!	0
Adherence to COVID-19 measures: The critical role of autonomous motivation on a short- and long-term basis.	0
Commentary on Personal perspectives on mindsets, motivation, and psychology by Carol S. Dweck.	0
Developing a causally valid picture-story measure of sexual motivation: I. Effects of priming.	0
Supplemental Material for Exploring the Link Between Trait Reactance and Antiegalitarian Beliefs	0
Just be yourself? Regulatory focus moderates the effects of societal standards attainment on personal well-being.	0
Towards a more complex, dynamic, and personalized perspective on development.	0
I had coffee (actually tea) with Clark Hull.	0
Does the expression of personality traits in daily life satisfy psychological needs of older adults?	0
Closeness regulation in couples: The temporal dynamics and dissociations of closeness frustration and closeness surfeit.	0
Supplemental Material for The Amygdala and Appraised Concern-Relevance: Initial Evidence That Intrinsic Motivation Modulates Amygdala Response to Otherwise Neutral Stimuli	0
Supplemental Material for From Action Initiation to Persistence: A Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Analysis for Cue-Based Goal Pursuit	0
Supplemental Material for Saving the Environment? That Is Beyond My (Will)Power!	0
Supplemental Material for Social Motivations’ Limited Influence on Habitual Behavior: Tests From Social Media Engagement	0
Scientist’s progress: A comment on Carol Dweck’s legacy.	0
Leave to fight another day: Having the option to switch promotes a persistence trade-off.	0
The two faces of persistence: How harmonious and obsessive passion shape goal pursuit.	0
Discrete emotions of dissonance.	0
Supplemental Material for Is Task Switching Avoided to Save Effort or Time? Shorter Intertrial Durations Following Task Switches Increase the Willingness to Switch Tasks	0
When will we join the road blockade? (non)conformity to radical climate protest norms under salient threat to personal control.	0
Supplemental Material for Self-Concordant Goal-Striving as Internalized Motivation: Benefits Beyond Person-Goal Fit	0
Your prosody matters! The effect of controlling tone of voice on listeners’ experienced pressure, closeness, and intention to collaborate with the speaker.	0
The ulna-to-fibula ratio as a marker of organizational hormone effects on implicit motive development: A high-powered preregistered replication.	0
Considering the revisions of reinforcement sensitivity theory: Commentary on McNaughton (2025).	0
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and self-determination theory.	0

Self-concordant goal-striving as internalized motivation: Benefits beyond person-goal fit.	0
A longitudinal analysis of the relationships between students’ internalized symptoms and achievement goals.	0
Self-determination theory: Eminent legacy with boundless possibilities for advancement.	0
Supplemental Material for It Is Time to Stop Using the Terminology “Passive” Fatigue	0
Collaborative autonomy: The dynamic relations between personal goal autonomy and perceived autonomy support in emerging adulthood results in positive affect and goal progress.	0
The comprehensive mindfulness experience: A typological approach to the potential benefits of mindfulness for dealing with motivational conflicts.	0
Interpersonal relations, group processes, and prosocial motivation: Expanding the perspective. Commentary on Batson (2022).	0
Supplemental Material for Autonomy Influences the Subjective Experience of Mental Effort During a Reading Comprehension Task	0
Building a science of motivated persons: Self-determination theory’s empirical approach to human experience and the regulation of behavior.	0
Supplemental Material for Autonomous Versus Controlled Goal Motivation Differentially Predicts Goal Progress and Well-Being Through Emotion Regulation Styles	0
Supplemental Material for When Will We Join the Road Blockade? (Non)Conformity to Radical Climate Protest Norms Under Salient Threat to Personal Control	0
Supplemental Material for Freedom Under Constraints: Accentuating the Positive in the Time of Corona	0
Harnessing regulatory focus and regulatory fit to improve educational outcomes.	0
Prosocial motivation can improve time-based prospective memory only under low cognitive load.	0
Coding implicit motives in movie clips: Descriptive statistics for a movie pool and coding reliability estimates.	0
Mental contrasting of a feared future and uptake of initial COVID-19 vaccines and bivalent booster shots: Two randomized controlled trials.	0
Economic inequality and student outcomes: What we know and where to go from here.	0
The measurement of goal dimensions: A critical review.	0
Supplemental Material for Disentangling the Impact of Instructor Mindset and Demeanor on Student Experiences	0
Supplemental Material for Goal-Colored Glasses: Goal Instrumentality Shapes When and With Whom Shared Reality Emerges	0
Some revenge now or more revenge later? Applying an intertemporal framework to retaliatory aggression.	0
You can(’t) always get what you want: When goal persistence requires flexibility.	0
Supplemental Material for Negotiating With Yourself and Winning: The Dual Commitment Model for Intrapersonal Sustainability Goal Conflicts	0
Self-regulatory thought across time and domains.	0
Exploring effects of mixed mindset messages from science, technology, engineering, and mathematics instructors.	0
Dimensional comparisons in the formation of domain-specific achievement goals.	0
Committed professionals who are also engaged parents: Can they self-symbolize across identity goals?	0
Retribution and utilitarianism as motives for children’s third-party punishment: An information-seeking approach.	0
Autonomous and controlled motivation in students: An experience sampling study on multitasking, concentration, and affect from a self-determination theory perspective.	0
Motives and mental contrasting with implementation intentions predict progress and management of goals in parents.	0
Learning contexts matter: Having value-supportive instructors moderates the efficacy of a utility-value intervention in community college math.	0
Neuroendocrine mechanisms of aggression in rodents.	0
Flexible control: Conflict mindsets reduce the association between trait measures of self-control decision-making and delay discounting.	0
Psilocybin legalization in the United States and psychological reactance: A test of evidence uncertainty, controlling language, and an ambiguous call to action.	0
Reward-seeking deficits in major depression: Unpacking appetitive task performance with ex-Gaussian response time variability analysis.	0
Resolving incompleteness on social media: Online self-symbolizing reduces the orienting effects of incomplete identity goals.	0
Supplemental Material for Motivation Matters: Autonomous Motivation Sustains the Happiness From Prosocial Behavior	0
Supporting one’s own autonomy may be more important than feeling supported by others.	0
Supplemental Material for Autonomous and Controlled Motivation in Students: An Experience Sampling Study on Multitasking, Concentration, and Affect From a Self-Determination Theory Perspective	0
A fresh term of service at Motivation Science.	0
Supplemental Material for On the Nature, Predictors, and Outcomes of Longitudinal Work Passion Profiles	0
Supplemental Material for Useful and Affordable? How Costs and Benefits Uniquely Shape Motivated Emotion Regulation	0
Autonomy influences the subjective experience of mental effort during a reading comprehension task.	0
Supplemental Material for Understanding Aggression in Adolescence by Studying the Neurobiological Stress System: A Systematic Review	0
Past due! Racializing aspects of situated expectancy-value theory through the lens of critical race theory.	0
Fostering preservice teachers’ research-related beliefs and motivation with growth mindset and utility value interventions.	0
Bibliometric review of attribution theory: Document cocitation analysis.	0
Developing a causally valid picture-story measure of sexual motivation: II. Effects of film clips.	0
Supplemental Material for Fostering Preservice Teachers’ Research-Related Beliefs and Motivation With Growth Mindset and Utility Value Interventions	0
Adult age differences in the effects of chronic mental fatigue on task-related fatigue, appraisals, and performance.	0
The influence of perceptions of intentionality and controllability on perceived responsibility: Applying attribution theory to people’s responses to social transgression in the COVID-19 pandemic.	0
The desire for governmental support as a motivational foundation of climate policy acceptance.	0
Supplemental Material for Why Motivation for Adhering to COVID-19 Measures Matters: Investigating Time-Lagged Associations With Epidemiological Indicators	0
"Measuring avoidance-related trait anger: American and Polish versions of the Avoidance Motivated Response to Anger Scale (AMRAS)": Correction.	0
Supplemental Material for Why Elusive Expectancy × Value Interactions May Be Critical for Theory and Intervention: A Simulated Power Analysis	0
Exploring the link between trait reactance and antiegalitarian beliefs.	0
Supplemental Material for Unpacking Motivational Culture: Diverging Emphasis on Communality and Agency Across STEM Domains	0
Acknowledgment	0
Supplemental Material for Mapping the Dose–Response Relationship Between Monetary Reward and Cognitive Performance	0
Punishment-modulated attentional capture is context specific.	0
On the multiplicity of prosocial motives. Commentary on Batson (2022).	0
Thoughts about actions and outcomes (and what they lead to).	0
The effect of the intensity of withdrawal-motivation emotion on time perception: Evidence based on the five temporal tasks.	0
Supplemental Material for Some Revenge Now or More Revenge Later? Applying an Intertemporal Framework to Retaliatory Aggression	0
Supplemental Material for Pavlovian Cues Boost Self-Regulation: Predicting Success With Conditioned Stimuli	0
Supplemental Material for Why Do I Act for the Environment? Socioeconomic Status Moderates the Relationship Between Climate Change Beliefs and Sustainable Actions	0
Social motivations’ limited influence on habitual behavior: Tests from social media engagement.	0
Modern ideomotor theory of goal-directed action is not what you think: A commentary on Custers (2023).	0
Help is needed. Commentary on Batson (2022).	0
Unpacking motivational culture: Diverging emphasis on communality and agency across STEM domains.	0
Pushing reactance theory: An examination of the reactance process in the context of advice.	0
The amygdala and appraised concern-relevance: Initial evidence that intrinsic motivation modulates amygdala response to otherwise neutral stimuli.	0
Supplemental Material for Q: What Is the Recipe for Defense? A: Threat, Anxiety, and Approach Motivation	0
Supplemental Material for From Ego Depletion to Self-Control Fatigue: A Review of Criticisms Along With New Perspectives for the Investigation and Replication of a Multicomponent Phenomenon	0
Acknowledgment	0
Task choice immunizes against incidental affective influences in volition.	0
From action initiation to persistence: A Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer analysis for cue-based goal pursuit.	0
Useful and affordable? How costs and benefits uniquely shape motivated emotion regulation.	0
Embodied anger management: Approach-oriented postures moderate whether trait anger becomes translated into state anger and aggression.	0
Steroid hormones and severity of psychopathy in forensic patients.	0
Agentic engagement: Transcending passive motivation.	0
A legacy unfinished: An appreciative reply to comments on self-determination theory’s frontiers and challenges.	0
Freedom under constraints: Accentuating the positive in the time of corona.	0
Supplemental Material for Closeness Regulation in Couples: The Temporal Dynamics and Dissociations of Closeness Frustration and Closeness Surfeit	0
Pavlovian cues boost self-regulation: Predicting success with conditioned stimuli.	0
“Don’t cross the streams”: How regulatory modes relate to task performance that benefits from either reflective or intuitive thinking.	0
Thoughts about “Thoughts about actions and outcomes”: Comment on Custers (2023).	0
Supplemental Material for Emotional Learning and Psychopathic Personality Traits: The Role of Attentional Focus and Intention to Learn	0
When facilitating a group member’s (versus one’s own) progress increases motivation in group-level goal pursuit.	0
Managing the motivation of others: Do managers recognize how to manage regulatory focus in subordinates?	0
Inhibitory control elicited by physical activity and inactivity stimuli: An electroencephalography study.	0
On being warm-hearted: Daily diary investigations of self-location and social functioning.	0
Embodiment of approach-avoidance behavior: Motivational priming of whole-body movements in a virtual world.	0
Supplemental Material for The Force of Craving: Approach Movements Relate to Lateralized P3 Amplitudes and Sensation Seeking	0
Supplemental Material for Self-Regulatory Processes in Striving for Identity Goals: Self-Incompleteness Shields Eco-Friendly Vegans From Temptations	0