Motivation Science

Article	Citations
Supplemental Material for Role of Contingency in Reward–Emotion Interactions During the Categorization of Emotional Facial Expressions	108
Supplemental Material for Missing Out by Pursuing Rewarding Outcomes: Why Initial Biases Can Lead to Persistent Suboptimal Choices	73
What is next for situated expectancy-value theory? A reply to our commentators.	25
Supplemental Material for Pushing Reactance Theory: An Examination of the Reactance Process in the Context of Advice	23
Supplemental Material for Measuring Subjective Mental Effort as an Aversive and Enjoyable Phenomenon	23
Understanding aggression in adolescence by studying the neurobiological stress system: A systematic review.	22
Aggressive motivation: An introduction and overview.	21
Goal motives, mental contrasting with implementation intentions, and the self-regulation of saving goals: A longitudinal investigation.	21
Dyadic motive fit: How individual differences in dyads’ motives predict performance and communication in joint action.	19
Ramadan fasting as a goal-pursuit: Why people fast, and how motives affect their experience.	19
Which insights can research on achievement motivation gain from network analysis? Comparing different network methods empirically.	18
Emotional learning and psychopathic personality traits: The role of attentional focus and intention to learn.	15
Supplemental Material for Leave to Fight Another Day: Having the Option to Switch Promotes a Persistence Trade-Off	15
Supplemental Material for Episodic Binding of Approach–Avoidance Goals to Stimuli: On the Microgenesis of Stimulus-Motivated Action Tendencies to Approach and Avoid	15
The uncertainty-dissuasion model of reactance inhibition.	13
The force of craving: Approach movements relate to lateralized P3 amplitudes and sensation seeking.	13
Does exposure to sedentary temptations activate physical activity goals? A high-powered replication study.	13
Using dynamic item response theory and machine learning based on natural language processing to improve the reliability of the Operant Motive Test.	12
Supplemental Material for Dyadic Motive Fit: How Individual Differences in Dyads’ Motives Predict Performance and Communication in Joint Action	12
A mastery-oriented (and masterful) career: Some reflections on Carol Dweck’s legacy article.	12
Self-regulatory processes in striving for identity goals: Self-incompleteness shields eco-friendly vegans from temptations.	11
A fictional discussion between the late B. F. Skinner and Edwin A. Locke.	10
Effort and motivation to characterize mental fatigue: Behavior and functional connectivity.	9
Episodic binding of approach–avoidance goals to stimuli: On the microgenesis of stimulus-motivated action tendencies to approach and avoid.	9
The legacies of the neuropsychology of anxiety for Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory.	9

Supplemental Material for Peer’s Angry Expression Promotes Social Punishment in Group Unfairness	9
Empowering change: A self-control perspective on how choice architecture interventions can promote sustainable behavior change.	9
The homunculus in the room: A reply to Kunde and Janczyk (2024) and Hommel and Eder (2024).	9
Supplemental Material for The Two Faces of Persistence: How Harmonious and Obsessive Passion Shape Goal Pursuit	8
Congratulations, so happy for you! Promotion motivation predicts social support for positive events.	8
Emotions, action tendencies, and the reinforcement sensitivity theory.	8
It is time to stop using the terminology “passive” fatigue.	8
Supplemental Material for Walking 100 Kilometers in 24 Hours: The Role of Motivational Profiles in Walkers’ Mental Experiences and Performance	7
Supplemental Material for Metacognitive Awareness of Subjective Difficulty, Effort, and Frustration in Cognitive Conflict Contexts	7
From feeling to doing in social dilemmas: Emotional and behavioral responses to climate change.	7
Understanding the desire to play violent video games: An integrative motivational theory.	7
Why motivation for adhering to COVID-19 measures matters: Investigating time-lagged associations with epidemiological indicators.	6
Supplemental Material for Does Exposure to Sedentary Temptations Activate Physical Activity Goals? A High-Powered Replication Study	6
Implications of psychological reactance for clinical practice in psychiatry including a systematic review.	6
Latent profiles of high school academic intrinsic motivation: Relations to educational attainment, curiosity, and work and leadership motivation in adulthood.	6
Supplemental Material for Goal Motives, Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions, and the Self-Regulation of Saving Goals: A Longitudinal Investigation	6
Where are anxiety and personality in the brain?	6
Effects of habit and intention on behavior: Meta-analysis and test of key moderators.	6
Supplemental Material for Mentalizing in Reactance: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Freedom Threats	6
Transtheoretical model technology-based interventions to improve health behaviors in veterans.	5
Rebels for a reason: How psychological reactance is goal-directed.	5
Supplemental Material for The Differential Effects of Reward Prospect and Reward Reception: Dynamic Performance Adjustment Versus Stable Performance	5
School context and academic engagement: A longitudinal study on the mediating effect of the motivational self system.	5
Defeminizing sustainability: How to boost men’s motivation for proenvironmental behavior.	5
Beyond counterarguing? Comparing multiple measures of cognitive resistance for psychological reactance using the avoidance, contesting, and empowering (ACE) resistance typology.	5
Supplemental Material for Candidate Antecedents of Need Supportive and Need Thwarting Interpersonal Styles: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis	5
The cerebellum in aggression: Extending the cortico-limbic dual-route model of motivation and emotion.	4
Supplemental Material for Motives and Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions Predict Progress and Management of Goals in Parents	4
Cognitive mastery motivation antecedents of academic intrinsic motivation latent profiles: A longitudinal study from preschool to adolescence.	4
On the nature, predictors, and outcomes of longitudinal work passion profiles.	4
Expectancy, value, . . . And more.	4
Supplemental Material for Motive-Modulated Attentional Orienting Is Shaped by Stimulus-Driven Learning: The Case of Dominance Cues and the Need for Power	3
Supplemental Material for You Can(’t) Always Get What You Want: When Goal Persistence Requires Flexibility	3
Placing motivation again at the heart of psychology: Commentary on Dweck’s contributions.	3
Student attributions about interest-value shape academic decisions and recommendations.	3
Candidate antecedents of need supportive and need thwarting interpersonal styles: A systematic review and meta-analysis.	3
Role of contingency in reward–emotion interactions during the categorization of emotional facial expressions.	3
The utility value of a broad, comprehensive theory of motivation.	3
Measuring avoidance-related trait anger: American and Polish versions of the Avoidance Motivated Response to Anger Scale (AMRAS).	3
Supplemental Material for Learning Contexts Matter: Having Value-Supportive Instructors Moderates the Efficacy of a Utility-Value Intervention in Community College Math	3
Who suffers most from rejection? Negative affective contingencies in the affiliation domain.	3
Metacognitive awareness of subjective difficulty, effort, and frustration in cognitive conflict contexts.	3
Measuring subjective mental effort as an aversive and enjoyable phenomenon.	3
Walking 100 kilometers in 24 hours: The role of motivational profiles in walkers’ mental experiences and performance.	3
The context-sensitive use of task enrichment to promote self-control: The role of metacognition and trait self-control.	2
The reflection of motive dispositions in everyday agentic motivational states.	2
Negotiating with yourself and winning: The dual commitment model for intrapersonal sustainability goal conflicts.	2
Supplemental Material for Self-Regulatory Thought Across Time and Domains	2
Julius Kuhl’s contributions and some reflections on personality systems interactions and self-determination theory as organismic perspectives in dialogue.	2
Q: What is the recipe for defense? A: Threat, anxiety, and approach motivation.	2

Autonomous versus controlled goal motivation differentially predicts goal progress and well-being through emotion regulation styles.	2
Beyond achievement: Transformation mindset enhances authenticity after goal success.	2
Goal-colored glasses: Goal instrumentality shapes when and with whom shared reality emerges.	2
The reactive spiral: An initial empirical assessment.	2
Motives and gonadal steroid hormones across the menstrual cycle: A longitudinal replication study.	2
Attitude-based self-regulation: A diary study on the role of attitudes in the experience and resolution of self-control conflicts in the context of vegetarians.	2
Supplemental Material for Effects of Habit and Intention on Behavior: Meta-Analysis and Test of Key Moderators	2
Do I want this job? Integrating research across psychological subfields to examine how individuals think about perceived values during career decision making.	2
Is task switching avoided to save effort or time? Shorter intertrial durations following task switches increase the willingness to switch tasks.	2
The value of progress feedback in physical effort-based decision making.	2
Goal shelving can both undermine and support prioritized goals: The role of opportunity costs.	2
Exploring the role of goal-dependent processes in action slips under time pressure.	2
Supplemental Material for Effort and Motivation to Characterize Mental Fatigue: Behavior and Functional Connectivity	2
Learning from failure.	2
Mentalizing in reactance: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of freedom threats.	2
Breaking down silos in motivation science.	2
A tale of two influences: Commonalities and distinctions of the influences of habit and hedonic motivation on health behaviors.	2
Supplemental Material for Developing a Causally Valid Picture-Story Measure of Sexual Motivation: II. Effects of Film Clips	1
Why elusive expectancy × value interactions may be critical for theory and intervention: A simulated power analysis.	1
Blind to threat: The presence of temporary goals prevents attention to imminent threat already at early stages of attention allocation.	1
Using norm networks to map cultural differences in predictors of proenvironmental behavior in the United States and India.	1
Mapping the dose–response relationship between monetary reward and cognitive performance.	1
Personal perspectives on mindsets, motivation, and psychology.	1
Why do I act for the environment? Socioeconomic status moderates the relationship between climate change beliefs and sustainable actions.	1
Supplemental Material for Sign Tracking and Alcohol Consumption: A Translational Computerized Task Assessing Individual Differences in Humans	1
Supplemental Material for Goal Motives, Approach/Avoidance Appraisals, Psychological Needs, and Well-Being: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis	1
Moral self-regulation and recycling: Does feeling guilty make us want to recycle more?	1
Motivation matters: Autonomous motivation sustains the happiness from prosocial behavior.	1
The motivation of aggression: A cognitive neuroscience approach and neurochemical speculations.	1
Whose beliefs matter? The impact of undergraduate students’ perceptions of instructors’ and peers’ field-specific ability beliefs.	1
Metamotivational knowledge of others’ achievement goals in a work context.	1
Peer’s angry expression promotes social punishment in group unfairness.	1
Choosing task characteristics oneself justifies effort: A study on cardiac response and the critical role of task difficulty.	1
Supplemental Material for What Matters More for Work Motivation? Compensation or Work Design?	1
Supplemental Material for Exploring the Role of Goal-Dependent Processes in Action Slips Under Time Pressure	1
Supplemental Material for Exploring Effects of Mixed Mindset Messages From Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Instructors	1
The role of metamotivational knowledge in the regulation of motivation.	1
Disentangling the impact of instructor mindset and demeanor on student experiences.	1
Supplemental Material for Exploring the Role of Emotions in Metamotivational Monitoring in Strategic Task Selection	1
The differential effects of reward prospect and reward reception: Dynamic performance adjustment versus stable performance.	1
Psychological reactance theory: An introduction and overview.	1
Goal motives, approach/avoidance appraisals, psychological needs, and well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis.	1
Supplemental Material for When Facilitating a Group Member’s (Versus One’s Own) Progress Increases Motivation in Group-Level Goal Pursuit	1
Supplemental Material for Which Insights Can Research on Achievement Motivation Gain From Network Analysis? Comparing Different Network Methods Empirically	1
Neuroendocrine mechanisms of aggression in rodents.	0
Learning contexts matter: Having value-supportive instructors moderates the efficacy of a utility-value intervention in community college math.	0
Psilocybin legalization in the United States and psychological reactance: A test of evidence uncertainty, controlling language, and an ambiguous call to action.	0
The two faces of persistence: How harmonious and obsessive passion shape goal pursuit.	0
Pavlovian cues boost self-regulation: Predicting success with conditioned stimuli.	0
On being warm-hearted: Daily diary investigations of self-location and social functioning.	0
Your prosody matters! The effect of controlling tone of voice on listeners’ experienced pressure, closeness, and intention to collaborate with the speaker.	0
Supplemental Material for Self-Concordant Goal-Striving as Internalized Motivation: Benefits Beyond Person-Goal Fit	0
Development and validation of the Goal Dimensions Questionnaire.	0
Supplemental Material for Mental Contrasting of a Feared Future and Uptake of Initial COVID-19 Vaccines and Bivalent Booster Shots: Two Randomized Controlled Trials	0
Can delaying positive feedback prevent performance drops? An action control perspective on coasting.	0
Exploring the role of emotions in metamotivational monitoring in strategic task selection.	0
When facilitating a group member’s (versus one’s own) progress increases motivation in group-level goal pursuit.	0
Past due! Racializing aspects of situated expectancy-value theory through the lens of critical race theory.	0
Supplemental Material for Metamotivational Knowledge of Others’ Achievement Goals in a Work Context	0
Steroid hormones and severity of psychopathy in forensic patients.	0
Supplemental Material for Can Delaying Positive Feedback Prevent Performance Drops? An Action Control Perspective on Coasting	0
In it to win it? Comparative evaluation increases zero-sum beliefs.	0
Supplemental Material for Mapping the Dose–Response Relationship Between Monetary Reward and Cognitive Performance	0
How to keep oneself motivated when engaging in a boring activity? The differential effects of autonomy- and control-oriented self-motivating strategies.	0
Supplemental Material for Autonomy Influences the Subjective Experience of Mental Effort During a Reading Comprehension Task	0
Fostering preservice teachers’ research-related beliefs and motivation with growth mindset and utility value interventions.	0
Missing out by pursuing rewarding outcomes: Why initial biases can lead to persistent suboptimal choices.	0
And yet they tire: Cognitive fatigue facilitates task disengagement and worsens performance.	0
Rediscovering our purpose: Theory, evidence, and the soul of motivation science.	0
Towards a more complex, dynamic, and personalized perspective on development.	0
Acknowledgment	0
Supplemental Material for Disentangling the Impact of Instructor Mindset and Demeanor on Student Experiences	0
Modern ideomotor theory of goal-directed action is not what you think: A commentary on Custers (2023).	0
Discrete emotions of dissonance.	0
Supplemental Material for Why Do I Act for the Environment? Socioeconomic Status Moderates the Relationship Between Climate Change Beliefs and Sustainable Actions	0
I had coffee (actually tea) with Clark Hull.	0
What is self-control? A discussion of unresolved issues.	0
Closeness regulation in couples: The temporal dynamics and dissociations of closeness frustration and closeness surfeit.	0
Supplemental Material for Exploring the Link Between Trait Reactance and Antiegalitarian Beliefs	0
Retribution and utilitarianism as motives for children’s third-party punishment: An information-seeking approach.	0

A context's emphasis on intellectual ability discourages the expression of intellectual humility.	0
Just be yourself? Regulatory focus moderates the effects of societal standards attainment on personal well-being.	0
Exploring effects of mixed mindset messages from science, technology, engineering, and mathematics instructors.	0
Acknowledgment	0
Mental contrasting of a feared future and uptake of initial COVID-19 vaccines and bivalent booster shots: Two randomized controlled trials.	0
Social motivations’ limited influence on habitual behavior: Tests from social media engagement.	0
Autonomous and controlled motivation in students: An experience sampling study on multitasking, concentration, and affect from a self-determination theory perspective.	0
Leave to fight another day: Having the option to switch promotes a persistence trade-off.	0
The amygdala and appraised concern-relevance: Initial evidence that intrinsic motivation modulates amygdala response to otherwise neutral stimuli.	0
Supplemental Material for And Yet They Tire: Cognitive Fatigue Facilitates Task Disengagement and Worsens Performance	0
Supplemental Material for Motivation Matters: Autonomous Motivation Sustains the Happiness From Prosocial Behavior	0
Considering the revisions of reinforcement sensitivity theory: Commentary on McNaughton (2025).	0
Scientist’s progress: A comment on Carol Dweck’s legacy.	0
Embodied anger management: Approach-oriented postures moderate whether trait anger becomes translated into state anger and aggression.	0
“Don’t cross the streams”: How regulatory modes relate to task performance that benefits from either reflective or intuitive thinking.	0
The desire for governmental support as a motivational foundation of climate policy acceptance.	0
Supplemental Material for Is Task Switching Avoided to Save Effort or Time? Shorter Intertrial Durations Following Task Switches Increase the Willingness to Switch Tasks	0
"Measuring avoidance-related trait anger: American and Polish versions of the Avoidance Motivated Response to Anger Scale (AMRAS)": Correction.	0
Supplemental Material for Autonomous and Controlled Motivation in Students: An Experience Sampling Study on Multitasking, Concentration, and Affect From a Self-Determination Theory Perspective	0
Valid replications require valid methods: Recommendations for best methodological practices with lab experiments.	0
Expectancy-value theory to situated expectancy-value theory: Reflections on the legacy of 40+ years of working together.	0
Supplemental Material for Self-Regulatory Processes in Striving for Identity Goals: Self-Incompleteness Shields Eco-Friendly Vegans From Temptations	0
Supplemental Material for Why Elusive Expectancy × Value Interactions May Be Critical for Theory and Intervention: A Simulated Power Analysis	0
Managing the motivation of others: Do managers recognize how to manage regulatory focus in subordinates?	0
Thoughts about “Thoughts about actions and outcomes”: Comment on Custers (2023).	0
Supplemental Material for How Valid Are Self-Reports of Sexual Motivation? Using the Item Sum Technique to Examine Socially Desirable Responding in Online Research	0
Supplemental Material for Saving the Environment? That Is Beyond My (Will)Power!	0
What matters more for work motivation? Compensation or work design?	0
Supplemental Material for Pavlovian Cues Boost Self-Regulation: Predicting Success With Conditioned Stimuli	0
Supplemental Material for Useful and Affordable? How Costs and Benefits Uniquely Shape Motivated Emotion Regulation	0
Thoughts about actions and outcomes (and what they lead to).	0
The measurement of goal dimensions: A critical review.	0
Supplemental Material for Goal-Colored Glasses: Goal Instrumentality Shapes When and With Whom Shared Reality Emerges	0
You can(’t) always get what you want: When goal persistence requires flexibility.	0
Commentary on Personal perspectives on mindsets, motivation, and psychology by Carol S. Dweck.	0
Self-regulatory thought across time and domains.	0
Motive-modulated attentional orienting is shaped by stimulus-driven learning: The case of dominance cues and the need for power.	0
Supplemental Material for Freedom Under Constraints: Accentuating the Positive in the Time of Corona	0
Supplemental Material for Q: What Is the Recipe for Defense? A: Threat, Anxiety, and Approach Motivation	0
Acknowledgment	0
Pushing reactance theory: An examination of the reactance process in the context of advice.	0
Saving the environment? That is beyond my (will)power!	0
Supplemental Material for When Will We Join the Road Blockade? (Non)Conformity to Radical Climate Protest Norms Under Salient Threat to Personal Control	0
Prosocial motivation can improve time-based prospective memory only under low cognitive load.	0
Motives and mental contrasting with implementation intentions predict progress and management of goals in parents.	0
Useful and affordable? How costs and benefits uniquely shape motivated emotion regulation.	0
Resolving incompleteness on social media: Online self-symbolizing reduces the orienting effects of incomplete identity goals.	0
Individualizing proenvironmental behavior in the context of structural impediments.	0
Freedom under constraints: Accentuating the positive in the time of corona.	0
Flexible control: Conflict mindsets reduce the association between trait measures of self-control decision-making and delay discounting.	0
A fresh term of service at Motivation Science.	0
Metamotivational beliefs about to-date and to-go progress framing.	0
How valid are self-reports of sexual motivation? Using the item sum technique to examine socially desirable responding in online research.	0
Supplemental Material for On the Nature, Predictors, and Outcomes of Longitudinal Work Passion Profiles	0
When will we join the road blockade? (non)conformity to radical climate protest norms under salient threat to personal control.	0
Supplemental Material for Closeness Regulation in Couples: The Temporal Dynamics and Dissociations of Closeness Frustration and Closeness Surfeit	0
Harnessing regulatory focus and regulatory fit to improve educational outcomes.	0
Supplemental Material for Harming in Order to Help: An Empirical Characterization of Prosocial Aggression	0
Developing a causally valid picture-story measure of sexual motivation: II. Effects of film clips.	0
Supplemental Material for The Force of Craving: Approach Movements Relate to Lateralized P3 Amplitudes and Sensation Seeking	0
Self-concordant goal-striving as internalized motivation: Benefits beyond person-goal fit.	0
Supplemental Material for Beyond Achievement: Transformation Mindset Enhances Authenticity After Goal Success	0
Supplemental Material for Motives and Gonadal Steroid Hormones Across the Menstrual Cycle: A Longitudinal Replication Study	0
Supplemental Material for Autonomous Versus Controlled Goal Motivation Differentially Predicts Goal Progress and Well-Being Through Emotion Regulation Styles	0
Supplemental Material for Social Motivations’ Limited Influence on Habitual Behavior: Tests From Social Media Engagement	0
The effect of the intensity of withdrawal-motivation emotion on time perception: Evidence based on the five temporal tasks.	0
Expressing and developing wisdom: A self-determination theory approach.	0
Agentic engagement: Transcending passive motivation.	0
Supplemental Material for Whose Beliefs Matter? The Impact of Undergraduate Students’ Perceptions of Instructors’ and Peers’ Field-Specific Ability Beliefs	0
Supplemental Material for How to Keep Oneself Motivated When Engaging in a Boring Activity? The Differential Effects of Autonomy- and Control-Oriented Self-Motivating Strategies	0
Economic inequality and student outcomes: What we know and where to go from here.	0
Developing a causally valid picture-story measure of sexual motivation: I. Effects of priming.	0
The ulna-to-fibula ratio as a marker of organizational hormone effects on implicit motive development: A high-powered preregistered replication.	0
Supplemental Material for Metamotivational Beliefs About To-Date and To-Go Progress Framing	0
Supplemental Material for Developing a Causally Valid Picture-Story Measure of Sexual Motivation: I. Effects of Priming	0
Harming in order to help: An empirical characterization of prosocial aggression.	0
Exploring the link between trait reactance and antiegalitarian beliefs.	0
Supplemental Material for Negotiating With Yourself and Winning: The Dual Commitment Model for Intrapersonal Sustainability Goal Conflicts	0
Supplemental Material for It Is Time to Stop Using the Terminology “Passive” Fatigue	0
Supplemental Material for The Value of Progress Feedback in Physical Effort-Based Decision Making	0
Supplemental Material for Fostering Preservice Teachers’ Research-Related Beliefs and Motivation With Growth Mindset and Utility Value Interventions	0
Supplemental Material for From Action Initiation to Persistence: A Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Analysis for Cue-Based Goal Pursuit	0
A look at the self-growth process: The role of passion and mastery goals in contextual and global self-growth.	0
Autonomy influences the subjective experience of mental effort during a reading comprehension task.	0
Unpacking motivational culture: Diverging emphasis on communality and agency across STEM domains.	0
From action initiation to persistence: A Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer analysis for cue-based goal pursuit.	0
Supplemental Material for The Amygdala and Appraised Concern-Relevance: Initial Evidence That Intrinsic Motivation Modulates Amygdala Response to Otherwise Neutral Stimuli	0
Sign tracking and alcohol consumption: A translational computerized task assessing individual differences in humans.	0
Supplemental Material for Why Motivation for Adhering to COVID-19 Measures Matters: Investigating Time-Lagged Associations With Epidemiological Indicators	0