Stem Cell Reports

Article	Citations
MSCohi-O lenses for long-term retention of mesenchymal stem cells on ocular surface as a therapeutic approach for chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease	109
Stem cells in your YouTube feed: The complex landscape and unexpected mediators of online information	109
USP7 inactivation suppresses APC-mutant intestinal hyperproliferation and tumor development	101
Familial Alzheimer’s disease-associated PSEN1 mutations affect neurodevelopment through increased Notch signaling	87
Dissecting the impact of differentiation stage, replicative history, and cell type composition on epigenetic clocks	66
Human iPSC-Derived Hippocampal Spheroids: An Innovative Tool for Stratifying Alzheimer Disease Patient-Specific Cellular Phenotypes and Developing Therapies	64
Ribosomal proteins regulate 2-cell-stage transcriptome in mouse embryonic stem cells	61
Pen-2 regulates glial homeostasis by coordinating self-renewal and transdifferentiation programs in oligodendrocyte precursor cells	60
Therapeutic reactivation of hippocampal progenitors reverse cognition decline in mice with progressive brain demyelination	53
Effect of Notch1 signaling on muscle engraftment and maturation from pluripotent stem cells	50
Diversity of cortical progenitors directs neuronal layer formation and regional glial patterning	50
Hsp70-Bim interaction mediated mitophagy as a potential therapeutic target for CML stem cells	50
A versatile in vivo platform for reversible control of transgene expression in adult tissues	49
Functionally redundant roles of ID family proteins in spermatogonial stem cells	48
Single-cell characterization of neovascularization using hiPSC-derived endothelial cells in a 3D microenvironment	48
Single-cell approaches define two groups of mammalian oligodendrocyte precursor cells and their evolution over developmental time	47
Discovery of kidney disease targets using multimodal human podocyte injury models	47
Anesthetic-induced neurodevelopmental changes with region-specific responses to propofol in forebrain organoids	46
Connie Eaves (1944–2024)	44
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 induces hematopoietic stem cell development from murine hemogenic endothelial cells in culture	44
Gains of 20q11.21 in human pluripotent stem cells: Insights from cancer research	43
In and out: Benchmarking in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo, and xenografting approaches for an integrative brain disease modeling pipeline	43
Differentiation success of reprogrammed cells is heterogeneous in vivo and modulated by somatic cell identity memory	41
Stabilization of cell-cell adhesions prevents symmetry breaking and locks in pluripotency in 3D gastruloids	41
Discovery of NANOG enhancers and their essential roles in self-renewal and differentiation in human embryonic stem cells	39

Complex haploinsufficiency in pluripotent cells yields somatic cells with DNA methylation abnormalities and pluripotency induction defects	39
A novel paradigm for single-cell annotation in stem cell research	39
Plasticity of ocular surface epithelia: Using a murine model of limbal stem cell deficiency to delineate metaplasia and transdifferentiation	39
Pluripotent stem cell lines available for use in clinical applications: A comprehensive overview	38
DOT1L regulates lung developmental epithelial cell fate and adult alveolar stem cell differentiation after acute injury	37
Human iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells rescue motor function and brain pathology in symptomatic Canavan disease mice	37
Human spinal GABA neurons survive and mature in the injured nonhuman primate spinal cord	37
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals correct developmental dynamics and high-quality midbrain cell types by improved hESC differentiation	37
H1FOO-DD promotes efficiency and uniformity in reprogramming to naive pluripotency	37
Microbiota from young mice restore the function of aged ISCs	36
Glutamine boosts intestinal stem cell-mediated small intestinal epithelial development during early weaning: Involvement of WNT signaling	35
Lessons learnt, and still to learn, in first in human stem cell trials	35
What does “appropriate scientific justification” mean for the review of human pluripotent stem cell, embryo, and related research?	35
Neutrophils as regulators of macrophage-induced inflammation in a setting of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation	35
Benchmarking and optimizing Perturb-seq in differentiating human pluripotent stem cells	34
Searching for information about stem cells online in an age of artificial intelligence: How should the stem cell community respond?	34
Upregulation of β-catenin due to loss of miR-139 contributes to motor neuron death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	33
Extracellular-vesicle-mediated transfer of let-7b/7c promotes the proliferation of transition-state spermatogonia in neonatal mouse testis	33
Mechanical force-promoted osteoclastic differentiation via periodontal ligament stem cell exosomal protein ANXA3	33
Generation of highly pure pluripotent stem cell-derived myogenic progenitor cells and myotubes	32
Public perceptions and expectations: Disentangling the hope and hype of organoid research	32
Ependymal and neural stem cells are close relatives	31
Human fetal tissue is critical for biomedical research	31
Messenger RNA delivery into Sertoli cells restores fertility to congenitally infertile male mice	30
MEF2C/p300-mediated epigenetic remodeling promotes the maturation of induced cardiomyocytes	30
Medium acidosis drives cardiac differentiation during mesendoderm cell fate specification from human pluripotent stem cells	30
Depletion of WFS1 compromises mitochondrial function in hiPSC-derived neuronal models of Wolfram syndrome	29
BRD9-containing non-canonical BAF complex maintains somatic cell transcriptome and acts as a barrier to human reprogramming	29
The role of m6A RNA methylation in the maintenance of X chromosome inactivation and X-to-autosome dosage compensation in early embryonic lineages	29
Selective Cav1.3 inhibition promotes survival of transplanted dopaminergic neurons via the CaMKII-p65-p53 pathway	29
A humanized engineered heart tissue platform for cardiotoxicity assessment	29
Gene reactivation upon erosion of X chromosome inactivation in female hiPSCs is predictable yet variable and persists through differentiation	29
Aged human serum induces vascular changes in an isogenic co-culture venule model	29
UHRF1 interacts with snRNAs and regulates alternative splicing in mouse spermatogonial stem cells	29
CD49b identifies functionally and epigenetically distinct subsets of lineage-biased hematopoietic stem cells	28
Atypical cell cycle regulation over neural stem cell expansion	28
Astrocytes modulate neurodegenerative phenotypes associated with glaucoma in OPTN(E50K) human stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cells	28
Low fucosylation defines the glycocalyx of progenitor cells and melanocytes in the human limbal stem cell niche	28
Inhibition of N-myristoyltransferase in pluripotent stem cells promotes the naive state in mice and elicits trophectoderm and primitive endoderm markers in humans	27
DeePhys: A machine learning–assisted platform for electrophysiological phenotyping of human neuronal networks	27
Non-canonical roles of CFH in retinal pigment epithelial cells revealed by dysfunctional rare CFH variants	27
Parallel use of human stem cell lung and heart models provide insights for SARS-CoV-2 treatment	27
Leveraging CRISPR activation for rapid assessment of gene editing products in human pluripotent stem cells	27
Granulin loss of function in human mature brain organoids implicates astrocytes in TDP-43 pathology	26
What we thought we knew about TNF—And what we now must re-learn	26
Transplantation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal sheet in a primate model of macular hole	26
Molecular profiling of stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cell differentiation established for clinical translation	26
Metabolic remodeling in hiPSC-derived myofibers carrying the m.3243A>G mutation	26
A single cell-based computational platform to identify chemical compounds targeting desired sets of transcription factors for cellular conversion	26
Characterizing hypoxia-orchestrated post-stroke changes in oligodendrocyte precursor cells for optimized cell therapy	25

Patient-specific and gene-corrected induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells elucidate single-cell phenotype of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease	25
Histone methyltransferase Setd8 preserves chromatin accessibility to safeguard retinal progenitor cell identity during development	25
Toward standardized iPSC testing: Insights from a multi-year international Quality Assessment Round	24
Modeling in vivo induction of gastric insulin-secreting cells using transplanted human stomach organoids	24
Critical considerations for public engagement in stem cell-related research	24
New legal category of ‘advanced regenerative medicine treatment’ in Korea’s amended regenerative medicine law: comparative lessons from Japan	24
Interspecies chimerism with human embryonic stem cells generates functional human dopamine neurons at low efficiency	24
Ebola virus infection induces a delayed type I IFN response in bystander cells and the shutdown of key liver genes in human iPSC-derived hepatocytes	23
The trophectoderm acts as a niche for the inner cell mass through C/EBPα-regulated IL-6 signaling	23
Modeling sex differences in humans using isogenic induced pluripotent stem cells	23
AAV-mediated gene augmentation therapy of CRB1 patient-derived retinal organoids restores the histological and transcriptional retinal phenotype	23
Mowat-Wilson syndrome factor ZEB2 controls early formation of human neural crest through BMP signaling modulation	23
Taking the leap toward human-specific nonanimal methodologies: The need for harmonizing global policies for microphysiological systems	22
Fractalkine enhances oligodendrocyte regeneration and remyelination in a demyelination mouse model	22
Aggregation of cryopreserved mid-hindgut endoderm for more reliable and reproducible hPSC-derived small intestinal organoid generation	22
Titin-truncating variants in hiPSC cardiomyocytes induce pathogenic proteinopathy and sarcomere defects with preserved core contractile machinery	22
Elimination of tumorigenic pluripotent stem cells from their differentiated cell therapy products: An important step toward ensuring safe cell therapy	22
Derivation of functional trophoblast stem cells from primed human pluripotent stem cells	22
Involvement of LIN28A in Wnt-dependent regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis in the aging brain	22
Prosaposin maintains adult neural stem cells in a state associated with deep quiescence	22
Generation of canine induced pluripotent stem cells under feeder-free conditions using Sendai virus vector encoding six canine reprogramming factors	22
Induction of astrocyte reactivity promotes neurodegeneration in human pluripotent stem cell models	21
Small-molecule inhibitor cocktail promotes the proliferation of pre-existing liver progenitor cells	21
Fibroblast fate determination during cardiac reprogramming by remodeling of actin filaments	21
A year of engagement and growth: ISSCR’s year-end message from the president 2022–2023	21
Toti: An integrated multi-omics database to decipher the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in totipotent stem cells	21
The Wnt-dependent master regulator NKX1-2 controls mouse pre-implantation development	21
Ribosome biogenesis controls cranial suture MSC fate via the complement pathway in mouse and human iPSC models	21
Dual inhibition of MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways enhances maturation of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes	20
Exit from naive pluripotency proceeds with variable latency but without asymmetric division to generate population heterogeneity	20
Lineage Tracing Reveals the Bipotency of SOX9+ Hepatocytes during Liver Regeneration	20
Micro-patterned culture of iPSC-derived alveolar and airway cells distinguishes SARS-CoV-2 variants	20
MIXL1 activation in endoderm differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells	20
The global downregulation of protein synthesis observed during hepatogenic maturation is associated with a decrease in TOP mRNA translation	19
Human primed and naïve PSCs are both able to differentiate into trophoblast stem cells	19
Businesses marketing purported stem cell treatments and exosome therapies for COVID-19: An analysis of direct-to-consumer online advertising claims	19
Deep-supercooling preservation of stem cell spheroids for chondral defect repairment	19
Identification of glioblastoma stem cell-associated lncRNAs using single-cell RNA sequencing datasets	19
Reconstituted ovaries self-assemble without an ovarian surface epithelium	19
RBFOX2-dependent alternative splicing of Numb regulates Notch signaling during muscle stem cell activation	19
The novel tRF-23 promotes osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and protects against bone loss in ovariectomized mice	19
Embryonic stem cell ERK, AKT, plus STAT3 response dynamics combinatorics are heterogeneous but NANOG state independent	19
Scalable generation of sensory neurons from human pluripotent stem cells	19
Aberrant nucleosome organization in mouse SCNT embryos revealed by ULI-MNase-seq	19
Perinuclear mitochondrial clustering for mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in pluripotency induction	19
Human CRX regulates photoreceptor cells development via bidirectional transcriptional control in retinal organoids	18
ER stress and lipid imbalance drive diabetic embryonic cardiomyopathy in an organoid model of human heart development	18
Generating high-quality porcine iPSCs with the new medium cocktail LACID	18
Cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous roles of NKCC1 in regulating neural stem cell quiescence in the hippocampal dentate gyrus	18
Derivation and analysis of human somatic sensory neuron subtypes facilitated through fluorescent hPSC reporters	18
Ins and outs of HSCs and VEGF-induced vascular remodeling: Toward improved HSC mobilization and engraftment	17
Human organoids: Fit for drug discovery?	17
Spatially resolved transcriptomics identifies intercellular signaling post-ischemic stroke that controls neural stem cell proliferation	17
MAC-1 marks a quiescent and functionally superior HSC subset during regeneration	17
Diversity-in-a-dish: A practical framework for hiPSC model development	17
Differentiation of brain and retinal organoids from confluent cultures of pluripotent stem cells connected by nerve-like axonal projections of optic origin	17
Zika virus induces FOXG1 nuclear displacement and downregulation in human neural progenitors	17
A conserved function of EZH2-PRC2 in repression of primitive endoderm fate in mouse and human pluripotent cells	17
Mitochondrial toxins cause widespread downregulation of pathways in X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism patient-derived neurons	17
The KAP1 chromatin regulator and Paupar long non-coding RNA control subventricular zone neural stem cell maintenance and neurogenesis	17
Human microglial cells as a therapeutic target in a neurodevelopmental disease model	17
Prolonged generation of multi-lineage blood cells in wild-type animals from pluripotent stem cells	17
Engineering human neuronal diversity: Morphogens and stem cell technologies for neurodevelopmental biology	17
Purification of human iPSC-derived cells at large scale using microRNA switch and magnetic-activated cell sorting	17
Graft-derived horizontal cells contribute to host-graft synapses in degenerated retinas after retinal organoid transplantation	17
Satellite glial contact enhances differentiation and maturation of human iPSC-derived sensory neurons	17
Modeling glioma intratumoral heterogeneity with primary human neural stem and progenitor cells	17
Generation, genomic characterization, and differentiation of triploid human embryonic stem cells	17
Human iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells secreting GDNF provide protection in rodent models of ALS and retinal degeneration	17
Astrocytes originated from neural stem cells drive the regenerative remodeling of pathologic CSPGs in spinal cord injury	17
Long noncoding RNA Lnc530 localizes on R-loops and regulates R-loop formation and genomic stability in mouse embryonic stem cells	16
Subventricular zone adult mouse neural stem cells require insulin receptor for self-renewal	16
Pluripotent cell states and unexpected fates	16
Retinoic acid signaling guides the efficiency of inner ear organoid-genesis and governs sensory-nonsensory fate specification	16
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis: New avenues for treatment of brain disorders	16
An efficient, non-viral arrayed CRISPR screening platform for iPSC-derived myeloid and microglia models	16
A defined roadmap of radial glia and astrocyte differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells	16
Chitinase-like protein 3: A novel niche factor for mouse neural stem cells	16
Derivation of transplantable human thyroid follicular epithelial cells from induced pluripotent stem cells	16
A Chemically Defined Feeder-free System for the Establishment and Maintenance of the Human Naive Pluripotent State	16

Development of a high-efficiency induction system for embryonic oral epithelium from human pluripotent stem cells	15
Seamless and non-destructive monitoring of extracellular microRNAs during cardiac differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells	15
Neuroinflammation and EIF2 Signaling Persist despite Antiretroviral Treatment in an hiPSC Tri-culture Model of HIV Infection	15
Self-assembling 3D vessel-on-chip model with hiPSC-derived astrocytes	15
METTL3 uncouples chromatin accessibility from transcription during retinal development	15
Small-molecule screen reveals pathways that regulate C4 secretion in stem cell-derived astrocytes	15
GSK3α negatively regulates GSK3β by decreasing its protein levels and enzymatic activity in mouse embryonic stem cells	15
Interleukin-1β induces trained innate immunity in human hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro	15
Neuroblast migration along cellular substrates in the developing porcine brain	15
Spatial transcriptomics reveals molecular cues underlying the site specificity of the adult mouse oral mucosa and its stem cell niches	15
PI3Kβ-regulated β-catenin mediates EZH2 removal from promoters controlling primed human ESC stemness and primitive streak gene expression	15
Oligodendrocytes in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical grafts remyelinate adult rat and human cortical neurons	15
ERRγ agonist under mechanical stretching manifests hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotypes of engineered cardiac tissue through maturation	15
Patient-derived parathyroid organoids as a tracer and drug-screening application model	15
Accelerated mitochondrial dynamics promote spermatogonial differentiation	15
APOE4 impacts cortical neurodevelopment and alters network formation in human brain organoids	15
SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway organoids reveals conserved use of Tetraspanin-8 by Ancestral, Delta, and Omicron variants	15
Advances in intravital imaging of adult neurogenesis in mice	14
Sleep deprivation induces corneal epithelial progenitor cell over-expansion through disruption of redox homeostasis in the tear film	14
The urgent need for clear and concise regulations on exosome-based interventions	14
Cell size regulates human endoderm specification through actomyosin-dependent AMOT-YAP signaling	14
DOT1L interaction partner AF10 controls patterning of H3K79 methylation and RNA polymerase II to maintain cell identity	14
A critical role of retinoic acid concentration for the induction of a fully human-like atrial action potential phenotype in hiPSC-CM	14
Unraveling the impact of ZZZ3 on the mTOR/ribosome pathway in human embryonic stem cells homeostasis	14
Generation of a TPH2-EGFP reporter cell line for purification and monitoring of human serotonin neurons in vitro and in vivo	14
SnapShot: Reporting practices for publishing results with human PSCs and tissue stem cells	14
Proteomics-based receptor-ligand matching enhances differentiation maturity of human-stem-cell-derived neurons	14
AT7867 promotes pancreatic progenitor differentiation of human iPSCs	14
Screening of factors inducing alveolar type 1 epithelial cells using human pluripotent stem cells	13
Cellular immunotherapy for COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome: Results of the CIRCA-19 phase 1 safety and phase 2 randomized controlled trials	13
SALL3 mediates the loss of neuroectodermal differentiation potential in human embryonic stem cells with chromosome 18q loss	13
Human macula formation involves two waves of retinoic acid suppression via CYP26A1 that modulate cell cycle exit and cone subtype specification	13
Safe CNV removal is crucial for successful hESC-RPE transplantation in wet age-related macular degeneration	13
Activation of canonical Wnt signaling is required for efficient direct reprogramming into human hepatic progenitor cells	13
Telmisartan is neuroprotective in a hiPSC-derived spinal microtissue model for C9orf72 ALS via inhibition of neuroinflammation	13
CD37 regulates the self-renewal of leukemic stem cells via integrin-mediated signaling in acute myeloid leukemia	13
Transcription factor co-expression mediates lineage priming for embryonic and extra-embryonic differentiation	13
mTORC2-mediated cell-cell interactions promote BMP4-induced WNT activation and mesoderm differentiation	13
Genetic variation modulates susceptibility to aberrant DNA hypomethylation and imprint deregulation in naive pluripotent stem cells	13
Swift induction of human spinal lower motor neurons and robust ALS cell screening via single-cell imaging	13
Human iPSC-derived salivary gland cell sheets integrate with injured glands to form glandular structures	12
Rigor and reproducibility in human brain organoid research: Where we are and where we need to go	12
Human neuronal networks on micro-electrode arrays as a tool to assess genotype-phenotype correlation in CACNA1A-related disorders	12
Nanofiber-based platform for quantitative analysis of human oligodendrocyte ensheathment with pharmacological perturbations	12
Exercise promotes the functional integration of human stem cell-derived neural grafts in a rodent model of Parkinson’s disease	12
Autism NPCs from both idiopathic and CNV 16p11.2 deletion patients exhibit dysregulation of proliferation and mitogenic responses	12
Development of a platform to investigate long-term potentiation in human iPSC-derived neuronal networks	12
ZFHX4 is necessary for dopaminergic neuron differentiation and controls cell cycle by regulating LIN28A	12
Comparative lipidomics of iPSC-derived microglia protocols reveal lipid droplet and immune differences mediated by media composition	12
The rise of neural stem cells: From development to disease	12
High-content phenotyping of Parkinson's disease patient stem cell-derived midbrain dopaminergic neurons using machine learning classification	12
Identification of unapproved orthopedic regenerative medicine: Usefulness of the Act on Safety of Regenerative Medicine	12
Aging disrupts gene expression timing during muscle regeneration	12
The role of UBE3A in the autism and epilepsy-related Dup15q syndrome using patient-derived, CRISPR-corrected neurons	12
Human iPSC-derived photoreceptor transplantation in the cone dominant 13-lined ground squirrel	12
Clonal lineage tracing and transcriptomics of cortical progenitor populations reveal maintenance of differentiation potential	12
Whole-genome CRISPR screening identifies genetic manipulations to reduce immune rejection of stem cell-derived islets	12
History and current status of clinical studies using human pluripotent stem cells	12
Dynamic governance: A new era for consent for stem cell research	12
An expedition in the jungle of pluripotent stem cells of non-human primates	12
Survivors of polymicrobial sepsis are refractory to G-CSF-induced emergency myelopoiesis and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell mobilization	12
Mutations in FUS lead to synaptic dysregulation in ALS-iPSC derived neurons	11
O-GlcNAcase regulates pluripotency states of human embryonic stem cells	11
Message from the editor-in-chief	11
Establishing mouse forebrain organoids as models of intrinsic cortical network assembly	11
Dynamic spatiotemporal activation of a pervasive neurogenic competence in striatal astrocytes supports continuous neurogenesis following injury	11
Advances and challenges in modeling Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2A using iPSC-derived models	11
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages host Mycobacterium abscessus infection	11
A semi-automated MEA spike sorting method for high-throughput assessment of cultured neurons	11
Dual CRISPR-Cas3 system for inducing multi-exon skipping in DMD patient-derived iPSCs	11
Myosin VB is critical for progenitor cell identity and function in the intestine	11
Transitioning from human primordial germ cells to embryonic germ cells	11
Modeling diabetic alpha cell dysfunction using stem cell-derived alpha cells	11
Optimized prime editing of the Alzheimer’s disease-associated APOE4 mutation	11
Polycomb repressive complex 2 regulates basal cell fate during adult olfactory neurogenesis	11
Engineering human pluripotent stem cell lines to evade xenogeneic transplantation barriers	11
Disruption of normal stem cell function and transmission of myelodysplastic syndrome by self-renewal of committed myeloid lineage cells	11
Single-cell transcriptome and surfaceome profiling of the adult human retinal pigment epithelium	11
BMP4-SMAD1/5/9-RUNX2 pathway activation inhibits neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis in Alzheimer’s patients’ iPSCs in senescence-related conditions	11
Restoration of fertility in nonablated recipient mice after spermatogonial stem cell transplantation	11
Heparan sulfate regulates the fate decisions of human pluripotent stem cells	11
Validation of non-destructive morphology-based selection of cerebral cortical organoids by paired morphological and single-cell RNA-seq analyses	11
Dose-resolved control of somatic reprogramming by Rora	10
Long-term calcium imaging reveals functional development in hiPSC-derived cultures comparable to human but not rat primary cultures	10
Physiological calcium combined with electrical pacing accelerates maturation of human engineered heart tissue	10
ISSCR Education Committee syllabus and learning guide for enhancing stem cell literacy	10
A short history of pluripotent stem cells markers	10
Notch1 signaling in keratocytes maintains corneal transparency by suppressing VEGF expression	10
Single-cell analysis of human fetal epicardium reveals its cellular composition and identifies CRIP1 as a modulator of EMT	10
Stress-induced reversible cell-cycle arrest requires PRC2/PRC1-mediated control of mitophagy in Drosophila germline stem cells and human iPSCs	10
Dual inhibition of MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways enhances maturation of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes	10
Acute E2/P4 loss compromises the biology and function of neurogenic niches during a vulnerable female aging period	10
Lineage-specific dynamics of loss of X upregulation during inactive-X reactivation	10
Viral delivery of L1CAM promotes axonal extensions by embryonic cerebral grafts in mouse brain	10
CFIm-mediated alternative polyadenylation safeguards the development of mammalian pre-implantation embryos	10