OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The median citation count of Soft Robotics is 8. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2022-07-01 to 2026-07-01.)

Article	Citations
Design and Control of Lightweight Bionic Arm Driven by Soft Twisted and Coiled Artificial Muscles	137
Twisting and Braiding Fluid-Driven Soft Artificial Muscle Fibers for Robotic Applications	125
YoMo: Yoshimura Continuum Manipulator for MR Environment	86
Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Force Sensor Incorporated into Soft Robotic Gripper for Improved Grasping Stability	85
Frictional Anisotropic Locomotion and Adaptive Neural Control for a Soft Crawling Robot	83
Steering Muscle-Based Bio-Syncretic Robot Through Bionic Optimized Biped Mechanical Design	80
Shape Reconstruction of Extensible Continuum Manipulator Based on Soft Sensors	79
Magnetic Soft Catheter Robot System for Minimally Invasive Treatments of Articular Cartilage Defects	77
A Soft Amphibious Turtle Robot with Flexibility and Omnidirectional Motion Ability Actuated by Multiple Bionic Muscles	74
Model-Based 3D Shape Reconstruction of Soft Robots via Distributed Strain Sensing	74
Optimal Control of Dielectric Elastomer Actuated Multibody Dynamical Systems	73
Harnessing Liquid Crystal Elastomers for Locomotion and Mechanical Intelligence in a Soft Robot	72
Soft Tubular-Surface Rolling Robots	66
Double-Layer Self-Locking Origami Based on Opposite Folding Motion	65
Advancing Soft Robot Proprioception Through 6D Strain Sensors Embedding	64
Stiffness Tunable Magnetic Actuators Based on Shape Memory Polymer/NdFeB Composite for Segmental Controllable Motion	61
ZodiAq: An Isotropic Flagella-Inspired Soft Underwater Drone for Safe Marine Exploration	54
Human-Inspired Tactile Perception System for Real-Time and Multimodal Detection of Tactile Stimuli	49
A Collaborative Flipping Continuum Wall-Climbing Robot with Integrated Drive and Function	49
Chemically Driven Oscillating Soft Pneumatic Actuation	48
Biomimetic Octopus Suction Cup with Attachment Force Self-Sensing Capability for Cardiac Adhesion	47
Improvement of Precision Grasping Performance by Interaction Between Soft Finger Pulp and Hard Nail	44
Selaginella lepidophylla -Inspired Multi-Stimulus Cooperative Control MXene-Based Flexible Actuator	43
Hygromachines: Humidity-Powered Wheels, Seesaws, and Vehicles	42
A Dual-Modal Hybrid Gripper with Wide Tunable Contact Stiffness Range and High Compliance for Adaptive and Wide-Range Grasping Objects with Diverse Fragilities	41

Ultrastable Soft Capacitive Tactile Sensor with Impedance-Modulated Signal	41
Origami Actuator with Tunable Limiting Layer for Morphological Adaptive Soft Robots	40
Magnetic Liquid Metal Droplet Robot with Multifunction and High Output Force in Milli-Newton	40
A Variable Stiffness Bioinspired Swallowing Gripper Based on Particle Jamming	40
Thermo-Pneumatic Artificial Muscle: Air-Based Thermo-Pneumatic Artificial Muscles for Pumpless Pneumatic Actuation	39
A Passively Conforming Soft Robotic Gripper with Three-Dimensional Negative Bending Stiffness Fingers	38
A Variable Stiffness Soft Gripper Based on Rotational Layer Jamming	37
SoftSnap: Rapid Prototyping of Untethered Soft Robots Using Snap-Together Modules	36
A Holistic Indirect Contact Identification Method for Soft Robot Proprioception	36
Toward Onboard Proportional Control of Multi-Chamber Soft Pneumatic Robots: A Magnetorheological Elastomer Valve Array	34
A Biomimetic Adhesive Disc for Robotic Adhesion Sliding Inspired by the Net-Winged Midge Larva	33
3D-Printed Soft Sensors for Adaptive Sensing with Online and Offline Tunable Stiffness	32
A Versatile Topology-Optimized Compliant Actuator for Soft Robotic Gripper and Walking Robot	31
Design, Modeling, and Validation of a Pneumatically Actuated Distal Segment for Endoscopy	31
Far-Field Magnetic Sensing on Soft Origami Actuator for Spatial Multidimensional Movement and Force Perception	31
Ultralow Voltage High-Performance Nanocellulose-Based Electro-Ionic Actuators for Soft Robots	30
Electro-Thermopneumatically Actuated, Adhesion-Force Controllable Octopus-Like Suction Cup Actuator	30
Enabling Tunable Stiffness, Adhesive Grasping, and Interaction-Driven Reconfiguration: A Shape-Memory-Polymer-Enhanced Fin-Ray Gripper	30
Tunable Soft Lens of Large Focal Length Change	30
Dynamic-Based Path Planning and Locomotion of Tensegrity Robots Considering Environmental Interaction	29
A Versatile 3D-Printable Soft Pneumatic Actuator Design for Multi-Functional Applications in Soft Robotics	29
Closing the Control Loop with Time-Variant Embedded Soft Sensors and Recurrent Neural Networks	29
Bioinspired Vacuum Generation via Pressure-to-Vacuum Conversion for Manipulating all Phases of Matter	29
Biological Robots: Perspectives on an Emerging Interdisciplinary Field	29
Soft Robot Proprioception Using Unified Soft Body Encoding and Recurrent Neural Network	28
Adaptive and Robust Switchable Adhesion System: Bio-Inspired Synergistic Integration from Octopuses and Geckos	27
Design and Motion Analysis of a Soft Modular Robot for Diverse Environments	26
Fin-Bayes: A Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization Framework for Soft Robotic Fingers	25
Fluid-Driven Traveling Waves in Soft Robots	25
Reconfigurable, Transformable Soft Pneumatic Actuator with Tunable Three-Dimensional Deformations for Dexterous Soft Robotics Applications	25
A Deep Learning Framework for Soft Robots with Synthetic Data	25
Trajectory Planning on Rolling Locomotion of Spherical Movable Tensegrity Robots with Multi-Gait Patterns	24
FluidicOscillation-BasedPneumaticActuationfor SoftLocomotionandGrasping	24
Introducing the New Deputy-Editor-in-Chief	24
HyReach: Vision-Guided Hybrid Manipulator Reaching in Cluttered Unseen Environments	24
Fast Thermal Actuators for Soft Robotics	24
Tensegrity Robotics	24
A Soft Growing Robotic Endoscope for Painless and Strain-Free Insertion	24
The Walking Control of a Crab Biorobot in Amphibious Environment	23
Soft Robotics for Space Applications: Cryogenic Performance of Modular Metallic Cable Structures	23
Piezo-Wormbots for Continuous Crawling	23
Bioinspired Multimodal Multipose Hybrid Fingers for Wide-Range Force, Compliant, and Stable Grasping	23
Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2023	23
A Fast Online Elastic-Spine-Based Stiffness Adjusting Mechanism for Fishlike Swimming	23
Nonlinear Dynamics Research of Ground Undulatory Fin Robot with Flexible Deformation and Frictional Contact	22
Intentional Blocking Based Photoelectric Soft Pressure Sensor with High Sensitivity and Stability	22
Design of a Wearable Real-Time Hand Motion Tracking System Using an Array of Soft Polymer Acoustic Waveguides	22
Bioinspired Swallowing Soft Gripper with Toroidal Optical Waveguides for Multimodal Interactive Perception	22
Optimal Design of Electrode Topology of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators Based on the Parameterized Level Set Method	21
Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2024	21

Fin-A-Rays: Expanding Soft Gripper Compliance via Discrete Arrays of Flexible Structures	21
MorphGI: A Self-Propelling Soft Robotic Endoscope Through Morphing Shape	21
Fluidic Multichambered Actuator and Multiaxis Intrinsic Force Sensing	21
Spikebot: A Multigait Tensegrity Robot with Linearly Extending Struts	21
A Hybrid Anchoring Technology Composed of Reinforced Flexible Shells for a Knee Unloading Exosuit	21
Single-Actuator Soft Robot for In-Pipe Crawling	21
Biomimetic Closed-Loop Control of a Novel Soft Gastric Simulator Toward Emulating Antral Contraction Waves	20
Prescribing Cartesian Stiffness of Soft Robots by Co-Optimization of Shape and Segment-Level Stiffness	20
An Inchworm-Inspired Fast-Moving Micro Flexible Robot for Autonomous Terrain-Adaptive Exploration	20
Biohybrid Behavior-Based Navigation with Obstacle Avoidance for Cyborg Insect in Complex Environment	20
Bioinspired Soft Electrostatic Accordion-Fold Actuators	20
Tuning the Morphology of Suction Discs to Enable Directional Adhesion for Locomotion in Wet Environments	20
A Bioinspired Compliant 3D-Printed Soft Gripper	20
A Gecko-Inspired Robot with a Flexible Spine Driven by Shape Memory Alloy Springs	19
Shape and Tactile Perceptions of Soft Fingers via Distributed Curvature Sensing for Intelligent Grippers	19
Corrigendum to: Proprioception and Control of a Soft Pneumatic Actuator Made of a Self-Healable Hydrogel	19
A Soft Magnetic Jamming Method Enabling Variable Stiffness and Active Steering for Robotic Catheter	19
Magnetic Continuum Robot with Intraoperative Magnetic Moment Programming	18
Soft Crawling Microrobot Based on Flexible Optoelectronics Enabling Autonomous Phototaxis in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments	18
A Fast Bipedal Biohybrid Crawler Driven by Single Muscle Swinging	18
Whisker Sensing by Force and Moment Measurements at the Whisker Base	18
Multifunction Robotized Surgical Dissector for Endoscopic Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy: Preclinical Study and Evaluation	18
Kirigami-Inspired 3D Printable Soft Pneumatic Actuators with Multiple Deformation Modes for Soft Robotic Applications	17
Generating Clear Vibrotactile Cues with a Magnet Embedded in a Soft Finger Sheath	17
A Reconfigurable Soft Helical Actuator with Variable Stiffness Skeleton	17
Soft Robotic Heart Formed with a Myocardial Band for Cardiac Functions	17
Engineering Magnetic Soft and Reconfigurable Robots	17
Development of an Anthropomorphic Soft Manipulator with Rigid-Flexible Coupling for Underwater Adaptive Grasping	16
Perceptually Inspired C ⁰ -Continuity Haptic Shape Display with Trichamber Soft Actuators	16
External Steering of Vine Robots via Magnetic Actuation	16
Flexible Electrical Energy Storage Structure with Variable Stiffness for Soft Robotics and Wearable Electronics	16
Programmable Shape-Shifting Soft Robotic Structure Using Liquid Metal Electromagnetic Actuators	16
Modular Bioinspired Hand with Multijoint Rigid-Soft Finger Possessing Proprioception	16
A Stretchable Fiber with Tunable Stiffness for Programmable Shape Change of Soft Robots	16
Omnidirectional Jump Control of a Locust-Computer Hybrid Robot	16
A Geometric Kinematic Model for Flexible Voxel-Based Robots	15
Multimodal Pressure-Actuated System Toward Adaptive Anchoring Within Complex Human Lumen	15
Lattice-and-Plate Model: Mechanics Modeling of Physical Origami Robots	15
Learning-Based Control for Soft Robot–Environment Interaction with Force/Position Tracking Capability	15
Pop-Up Catcher: A Flat-Foldable Gripper Using Multistate Passive Actuation	15
Low-Heat and Near-Silent Pneumatic Source Driven by Integrated Endothermic–Exothermic Chemical Reactions for Soft Robots	14
Small-Scale Soft Terrestrial Robot with Electrically Driven Multi-Modal Locomotion Capability	14
A Stiffness-Tunable Soft Actuator with Adjustable Jamming for Dexterous Manipulation	14
Graphene-Based Thermopneumatic Generator for On-Board Pressure Supply of Soft Robots	14
A Snake-Inspired Layer-Driven Continuum Robot	14
A Soft-Bodied Aerial Robot for Collision Resilience and Contact-Reactive Perching	14
Tunable, Textile-Based Joint Impedance Module for Soft Robotic Applications	14
Thermally Tunable Deformation Wave on a Bistable Lattice to Enhance Soft-Bodied Climbing Robots	14
Modeling, Analysis, and Computational Design of Muscle-driven Soft Robots	14
Variable Stiffness Electroadhesion and Compliant Electroadhesive Grippers	14
Design and Gesture Optimization of a Soft-Rigid Robotic Hand for Adaptive Grasping	14
Bioinspired High-Degrees of Freedom Soft Robotic Glove for Restoring Versatile and Comfortable Manipulation	14
Design and Analysis of Reconfigurable Origami-Based Vacuum Pneumatic Artificial Muscles for Versatile Robotic System	13
Deformation Characteristics of Three-Dimensional Spiral Soft Actuator Driven by Water Hydraulics for Underwater Manipulator	13
Origami-Based Flexible Robotic Grippers via Hard-Soft Coupled Multimaterial 3D Printing	13
Simultaneous Locomotion with Stiffness Perception of an Earthworm-Like Robot in a Soft Tubular Environment	13
Bioinspired Design for Energy-Efficient Soft Actuators Achieving Asymmetrical Spatiotemporal Deformation	13
Bio-SHARPE: Bioinspired Soft and High Aspect Ratio Pumping Element for Robotic and Medical Applications	13
Design and Kinematic Modeling of a Soft Continuum Telescopic Arm for the Self-Assembly Mechanism of a Modular Robot	13
Magnetic Soft Helical Manipulators with Local Dipole Interactions for Flexibility and Forces	13
Co-Programming Shape Morphing and Interaction Forces of Soft Grippers for Compliant Grasping	13
Origami Spring-Inspired Shape Morphing for Flexible Robotics	13
Teleoperation of an Anthropomorphic Robot Hand with a Metamorphic Palm and Tunable-Stiffness Soft Fingers	13
Finite-Time Contraction Control of a Ring-Shaped Soft Pneumatic Actuator Mimicking Gastric Pathologic Motility Conditions	13
Development of a Contraction Force Control Method for Bioactuators Using a Muscle Contraction Model	13
Nonlinear Multimaterial Architecture for Greater Soft Material's Toughness and Delaying Damage Propagation	13
An Interconnected Soft Modular Robot with Locomotive Modules and Flexible Structures Actuated Through a Single Method	12
RIM Hand: A Robotic Hand with an Accurate Carpometacarpal Joint and Nitinol-Supported Skeletal Structure	12
Flexible Capacitive Sensing and Ultrasound Calibration for Skeletal Muscle Deformations	12
Flexible Morphing Aerial Robot with Inflatable Structure for Perching-Based Human–Robot Interaction	12
A Flexible Escape Skin Bioinspired by the Defensive Behavior of Shedding Scales	12
Enhanced Deformation Resistance and Load-Bearing Capacity in Tip-Growing Robots Through Scale-Inspired Layer Jamming Mechanism	12
A Wearable Textile-Embedded Dielectric Elastomer Actuator Haptic Display	12
Electrostatic Adhesion Clutch with Superhigh Force Density Achieved by MXene-Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride–Trifluoroethylene–Chlorotrifluoroethylene) Composites	11
JamTac: A Tactile Jamming Gripper for Searching and Grasping in Low-Visibility Environments	11
Topology and Morphology Design of Spherically Reconfigurable Homogeneous Modular Soft Robots	11
An Origami-Based Cable-Climbing Soft Robot	11
SoRSS: A Soft Robot for Bio-Mimicking Stomach Anatomy and Motility	11
Bioinspired Amphibious Origami Robot with Body Sensing for Multimodal Locomotion	11
A Novel Pneudraulic Actuation Method to Enhance Soft Robot Control	11

A Soft Inductive Bimodal Sensor for Proprioception and Tactile Sensing of Soft Machines	11
Designing Soft Arms with Octopus-Like Dexterity: Insights from Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Finite Element Analysis	11
Ultralow-Latency Textile Sensors for Wearable Interfaces with a Human-in-Loop Sensing Approach	10
Impedance for Assistance: Upper-Limb Assistive Soft Robotic Suit Using Linked-Layer Jamming Mechanisms	10
Multijointed Pneumatic Soft Hand with Flexible Thenar	10
Endoskeleton Soft Multi-Fingered Hand with Variable Stiffness	10
Octopus-Inspired Muscular Hydrostats Powered By Twisted and Coiled Artificial Muscles	10
Research on the Design of Variable Stiffness Adhesive Feet and Cooperative Crawling Mechanism for Soft Bionic Gecko-Inspired Wall-Climbing Robots	10
Reconfigurable Soft Pneumatic Actuators Using Extensible Fabric-Based Skins	10
A Flexible Iontronic Capacitive Sensing Array for Hand Gesture Recognition Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks	10
Dynamic Modeling of a Soft Eversion-Based Growing Robot: Physical Analysis, Simulation, and Experimental Validation	10
Power Autonomy and Agility Control of an Untethered Insect-Scale Soft Robot	10
A Biologically Inspired Ring-Shaped Soft Pneumatic Actuator for Large Deformations	10
Model-Based Design of Variable Stiffness Soft Gripper Actuated by Smart Hydrogels	10
Tough, Flexible, Strong: Characterization of Soft–Soft Silicone Interfaces for Soft Robotics	10
Toward the Development of Large-Scale Inflatable Robotic Arms Using Hot Air Welding	9
A Multipole Magnetoactive Elastomer for Vibration-Driven Locomotion	9
Prestressed Thin-Plate Actuators for Enhancing Performance of Pneumatic Soft Robots	9
Latent Representation-Based Learning Controller for Pneumatic and Hydraulic Dual Actuation of Pressure-Driven Soft Actuators	9
Complex Three-Dimensional Terrains Traversal of Insect-Scale Soft Robot	9
Design and Development of a Continuum Robot with Switching-Stiffness	9
Sigmoidal Auxiliary Tendon-Driven Mechanism Reinforcing Structural Stiffness of Hyper-Redundant Manipulator for Endoscopic Surgery	9
Soft Robotics: A Route to Equality, Diversity, and Inclusivity in Robotics	9
Simple and Fast Locomotion of Vibrating Asymmetric Soft Robots	9
Soft Robotics to Enhance Upper Limb Endurance in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis	9
Inverse Origami Design Model for Soft Robotic Development	9
Control-Oriented Models for Hyperelastic Soft Robots Through Differential Geometry of Curves	8
Biologically Constrained Insect Models Enable Realistic Simulations and Improve Biomechanical Predictions of Locomotion	8
GripDepthSense3DNet: A Depth-Enabled Hardness Sensing Framework in Soft Robotic Grasping	8
LM-Jelly: Liquid Metal Enabled Biomimetic Robotic Jellyfish	8
Variable Stiffness Object Recognition with a CNN-Bayes Classifier on a Soft Gripper	8
Variable Stiffness Woven Soft Active Textiles and Robots Using Thin McKibben Muscle	8
A Hybrid Jamming Structure Combining Granules and a Chain Structure for Robotic Applications	8
Soft Robotic Finger with Energy-Coupled Quadrastability	8
Multifunctional Soft Stackable Robots by Netting–Rolling–Splicing Pneumatic Artificial Muscles	8