Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials

Papers
(The median citation count of Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials is 1. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2022-08-01 to 2026-08-01.)
ArticleCitations
Expansion in low calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete: chemical factors influenced by silica fume and NaOH concentration31
The effect of organic admixtures on the early nucleation of calcium silicate hydrate: non-classical nucleation mechanism31
Effect of different lithological stone powders on properties of alkali-activated slag26
Tension stiffening behaviors of reinforced ultra-high performance concrete25
Experimental and simulation-based assessment of zeolite aggregate mortars for building thermal and energy performance in cold climates22
Optimized grinding of coal-based bottom ash for outperforming cementitious reaction21
Valorization of de-oiled sesame and sunflower seed residues as sustainable alternatives to limestone and supplementary cementitious materials in cement matrices20
Utilization of high-volume phosphogypsum in artificial aggregate by compaction granulation: effects of muck on physical properties, strength and leaching stability20
Durability assessment of blended slag-fly ash geopolymer concrete in field conditions after 5 years19
Effect of age and stress on creep damage characteristics of alkali-activated slag concrete18
Properties of binary eco-cement mortars made with reed ash from Mozambique18
A self-healing method for concrete cracks based on microbial-induced carbonate precipitation: bacteria, immobilization, characterization, and application16
Optimization and characterization of pine needle fiber-reinforced and metakaolin-enhanced ultra-lightweight foam concrete for sustainable construction16
Effect of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) and fly ash on mechanical properties and microstructure of mortar16
Mechanism of SCMs on the hydration, pore structure, and durability of UHPFRC15
Review of active water: applications and impacts on concrete15
Printability, mechanical properties and interlayer behaviors of a sustainable high-volume slag-based 3D printable cementitious composites15
Biochar and recycled gypsum drywall in concrete: role and effects on compressive behavior, microstructure, and carbon footprint13
Utilization of multi-recycled aggregates from different concrete sources and effect of silica fume in multi-recycled concrete mixtures: an urban mining practice13
Fresh and hardened properties of cement paste blended with iron-rich calcined vanadium tailings containing kaolinitic clay13
Impact of pre-curing time, water-to-cement ratio, SCMs, and antifreeze on the freezing point of mortars: an electrical testing approach12
Effect of nano-TiO 2 and polypropylene fiber on the performance of alkali-activated slag-fly ash geopolymer mortar under −10 °C curing12
Carbonation curing effect on belite-rich cement paste with sugar or salt additive as a set controller12
Development of a green ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) based on carbonated recycled aggregate with different strengths11
Investigation of the synthetic 5Mg(OH) 2 ·MgSO 4 ·7H 2 11
Synergistic regulation of workability, mechanical properties, and thermal-shrinkage behavior of C60 self-compacting concrete with ultra-fine mineral admixtures10
Sulfate transport assessment of cementitious materials-solidified saline soil10
Assessment of the performance of alkali-activated slag/fly ash using liquid and solid activators: early-age properties and efflorescence10
Effects of NaHCO 3 as the activator and the in-situ carbonate seeding on the properties of high-dosage Ca(OH) 210
Development and characterization of volume-stabilized grouts used for borehole heat exchangers9
Engineering properties and applicability of a novel alkali-activated industrial waste-based backfilling grouts in shield tunnels9
Stress-strain behavior of sustainable geopolymer-based marine concrete for offshore infrastructure construction: effective utilization of sea-sand and coral wastes9
Performance analysis and durability prediction of novel hydrophobic concrete under freeze-thaw cycles9
Correction9
Printability and pore structure of 3D printing low carbon concrete using recycled clay brick powder with various particle features8
Resistance to acid, alkali, chloride, and carbonation in ternary blended high-volume mineral admixed concrete8
Valorization of bulk molding compound (BMC) waste in alkali-activated materials (AAMs) for paving applications: technical validation and life cycle assessment8
Chloride ion solidification property and distribution prediction model in low carbon functional fly ash/slag based geopolymer (F-FASG) under dry-wet cycle condition8
Effect of alkali on the formation and stability of foam in red mud-based foamed concrete8
Self-healing by biocomposite containing metakaolin immobilized bacterial spores in concrete using low-cost corn steep liquor media8
Homogenization method for water permeability coefficient of concrete considering swelling effect of CSH8
Linking microstructure and macroscopic mechanical behavior of cemented granular materials using X-ray CT and uniaxial compressive test8
An experimental study on geopolymer mortars based on copper slag, metakaolin and ground granulated blast furnace slag: mechanical and durability perspective8
Decoupling of durability indicators and ASR mitigation caused by agglomeration in densified silica fume8
The carbonation resistance of alkali-activated slag concrete under different curing regimes: macroscopic properties evolution and microscopic mechanisms8
Thermic enhancement of pozzolanic reactivity of ground coal-based bottom ash as cement substitute8
Correction8
Accelerated wet carbonation of recycled cement powder using alkanolamines for enhancing early-age hydration and strength as supplementary cementitious materials7
Hydration kinetics and phase evolution in thermo-mechanically activated recycled cementitious composites7
Decoupling the effects of conductive fillers, water-binder ratio, and water reducer on the electrical and self-sensing properties of cementitious composites7
Effect of recycled brick powder on the hydration process of cement paste7
Extension and validation of the triangular plate method for fiber-reinforced concrete: a comparative study against the EN 14651 three-point bending test7
Study of 3D printed concrete with low-carbon cementitious materials based on its rheological properties and mechanical performances7
Application of low drying shrinkage ECC in the protection layer of thermal insulation wall7
MgO/fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) ash blends for 3D printing on vertical surfaces7
Investigation on the reinforcing of cementitious materials by nano-hydroxyapatites7
Assessment of a novel rapid-hardening mortar incorporating waste basic oxygen furnace slag: mechanical behavior, durability, and environmental impact7
Assessment of self-healing behavior of polypropylene fiber-reinforced cement mortar with crystalline admixture: the effects of crack widths, cracking ages, and external conditions7
Low carbon technology roadmap of China cement industry6
The microstructural characterization of alkali-activated binders incorporating waste clay brick powder with fly ash and GGBFS6
Study on early-age cracking resistance of multi-scale polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete in restrained ring tests6
Investigation on the microstructure of a 3D-printed mortar through a novel leaching-subsidiary tomography6
Early hydration of hot-stuffy steel slag-cement composite pastes: isothermal calorimetry and phase evolution6
Artificial neural network-based prediction of compressive strength in sustainable one-part GGBS/POFA-based geopolymer mortar with synthesized sodium silicates6
Carbon sequestration and life cycle assessment of an industrial waste-derived carbon sink binder under saline water utilization6
Rheological investigations of fresh fiber-reinforced cementitious composites using hydrophobic/hydrophilic UHMWPE fibers for 3D concrete printing evaluation6
Utilization of ground granulated blast-furnace slag and electrolytic manganese residue as a low-carbon cementitious material6
Exploring the potential and strength characteristics of waste sodium silicate-bonded sand for sustainable application in alkali-activated slag concrete6
Adsorption capacity and mechanism of citric acid-modified chitosan on the cement particle surface6
Advancements and challenges in 3D concrete printing: an integrated insight into material formulation, structural performance and printing strategies for sustainable future6
Synergistic effect of physical modification and accelerated carbonation curing on the cementitious properties and carbon sequestration potential of biochar cement composites6
Bio-carbonation of reactive magnesia cement in geotechnical engineering practice: a state-of-the-art review6
Developing a comprehensive prediction model for the compressive strength of slag-based alkali-activated concrete6
Research on the complementary mechanisms and properties of blast furnace slag, coal gangue, and fly ash ternary alkali-activated materials6
Strength development and durability requirement in recycled aggregate concrete: effect of drying and post curing6
Tuning the hydration and printability in nano-modified quaternary binder systems for 3D-printed mortar6
Correlation between microstructure characteristics and macroscopic behaviors of alkali residue-based foamed concrete6
Optimizing nutmeg shell biochar production temperature for enhanced cement composite performance6
Experimental and numerical studies on the chloride diffusion coefficient of calcium silicate hydrate gel5
Visible light antibacterial potential of graphene-TiO2 cementitious composites for self-sterilization surface5
Sustainable belite-ye’elimite-ferrite cement: utilizing ladle metallurgy furnace steel slag for low-cost and carbon-efficient production5
Phase quantification analysis in cement-blended slag system with the PONKCS method5
Fatigue performance of ballastless track manufactured sand concrete: the influence of manufactured sand lithology and stone powder content5
Properties and microstructures of limestone calcined clay cement (LC 3 ) mortars subjected to elevated temperatures5
The influence and mechanism of retarder on the performance of sulfoaluminate cement grouting material with secondary aluminum ash sintered slag grinding powder5
Carbonated recycled concrete paste as an alternative to limestone and its impact on the hydration of ternary cement with metakaolin5
Mechanochemical activation for transforming low-reactive industrial by-products to supplementary cementitious materials5
Improved thermoelectric properties of graphene reinforced multiphase cement composites: experiments and modeling5
Preparation and mechanical properties of Portland cement composites filled with bamboo fibres modified by acetic acid and fermentation treatment5
Effect of superabsorbent polymer internal curing on the performance of recycled aggregate concrete5
Study on dynamic impact properties of hybrid PVA-steel fiber reinforced geopolymer mortar5
A review on design and performance regulation of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC)5
Development of eco-hydrophobic composite concrete: a multi-scale investigation of strength, durability, and sustainability metrics5
Early-age autogenous shrinkage and tensile creep of concrete reinforced with polypropylene macro fiber5
Comparative effects of limestone and fly ash on hydration, rheology, and strength of blended cements5
Microstructure-based three-dimensional study of sulfate deterioration in variably saturated concrete5
Comparative study of an improved prediction model and machine learning methods in predicting the compressive creep of self-compacting concrete5
The mechanism of water release in superabsorbent polymer under different temperature and humidity environments5
Digital foam index for evaluating fly ash air entrainer interactions5
Glass as a sustainable supplementary material in cementitious and geopolymer composites: a review5
Capture lime kiln flue gas CO 2 through enhanced wet carbonation of steel slag: pilot-scale demonstration and cementitious performance5
Influence of particle packing on the properties of multi-component cementitious systems4
Piezoresistive cementitious composites for intelligent civil infrastructure4
Damage evolution mechanism of hydraulic concrete under low-pressure curing and varying freezing temperatures4
Back-propagation neural network model enhanced by transfer learning for the prediction method of compressive strength of alkali residue-based foamed concrete4
Modification of thermal-activated recycled cement with calcined coal gangue4
Durability properties of concrete containing copper heap leach residue as aggregates: experimental and analytical assessments4
Impact of groove-and-tongue parameters on the bonding behavior between 3d-printed UHP-SHCC and cast normal concrete4
A systematic review on properties of magnesium phosphate cement modified by mineral admixtures4
Preparation of belite–ye’elimite–ferrite (BYF) cement from aluminum residues and steel slag: clinker production and hydration behavior4
Effect of nano-SiO 2 on the hydration products of C 3 S in Portland cement4
Performance and microstructure evaluation of self-compacting UHPC containing silica fume and fly ash4
Influence of microencapsulated phase change materials on drying shrinkage, pore structure, and gas permeability of blast-furnace slag and metakaolin-based geopolymers4
Synergetic effect of recycled E-waste fibers and ceramic waste fine aggregates on the strength of Sustainable high-strength concrete4
Physicochemical properties of cement waste-derived portlandite-substituted limestone calcined clay cement (LC 3 ) binders4
The alkali–silica reaction of seawater-mixed mortar4
Microbial self-healing concrete: computational approaches and material advancements4
Recycled lithium slag and C-A-S-H nano-seeds as composite activators in low-carbon blended cements: sulfate regulation and nucleation effects4
Reaction mechanisms and compressive strength development in sodium carbonate-activated soda–lime–silica glass4
Synthesis, structure, and hydration of stoichiometric ye’elimite and iron-bearing ye’elimite4
Substitution of cement by marine clay in spray-based 3D concrete printing4
Effectiveness of rice husk ash-derived alkali activator in fresh, mechanical, and microstructure properties of geopolymer mortar at ambient temperature curing4
Fate of iron-rich minerals and glass: from raw material to low carbon binder4
Effect of pore structure characteristics on the properties of red mud-based alkali-activated cementitious materials4
A feasibility study on improving the crack resistance of thin-walled UHPC members by reinforcement with Fe-SMA wires4
Active rheology control of magneto-responsive cementitious materials: review and future perspectives4
Synergistic hydration behavior of seawater geopolymer incorporating multiple solid waste precursors4
Research on data driven and intrinsically explainable machine learning enabled compressive strength prediction and intelligent design of smart cementitious composites4
Intelligent design framework for compressive strength modeling of ultra-high-performance geopolymer concrete (UHPGC): grey wolf optimizer–integrated machine learning and experimental verification4
Exploring novel aspects of designed macromolecular structures on their interactions with cement and nano/microsilica particles and rheological properties4
Performance evaluation of fresh-to-fresh cast SCC/ECC and SCC/UHPC composites under the coupling effect of freeze-thaw and deicing solution4
Evaluation of polycarboxylate ether-based grinding aids on clinker grinding performance: the influence of pH4
Comparative study of LC3 mortars using waste and natural clays: a path toward green cement4
Synergistic effects of red mud, phosphogypsum and rice husk ash in cement4
Improved interlayer bonding of 3D printed fiber reinforced geopolymer by healing agents: properties, mechanism, and environmental impacts4
Data-driven inverse mix design for sustainable alkali-activated materials4
Influence of unenriched and plant extract-enriched concrete pore solution on the survival and activity of ureolytic bacteria in bioconcrete4
Effect of loading frequency and water content on the compressive fatigue performance of ECC4
Synergistic effects of multi-sized slag in ultra high performance concrete preparation4
Effect of early CO 2 curing on the chloride induced steel bars corrosion in cement mortars4
Evaluating the performance of internally cured limestone calcined clay concrete mixtures4
A comprehensive review of encapsulation-based self-healing concrete for construction applications4
Accelerated carbonation and stabilization of BOF slag: data fitting relationship between particle size and CO 2 sequestration3
Biomineralization-based calcium carbonate formation for the valorization of calcium-containing wastes into construction materials3
The compressive strength, reaction kinetics and phases evolution of CO 2 -cured cement pastes at low temperatures3
Research progress on use of carbon nanotubes in cementitious grouting materials3
Reactivity of montmorillonite clays of various grades as supplementary cementitious materials: a comparative assessment3
A potential sustainable way for iron tailings sand in cast-in-situ concrete subjected to sulfate-chloride attack: performance and mechanisms3
Enhanced underwater toughness and tunable setting time of cement-based materials by acrylamide in-situ polymerization3
Optimization design and microstructure analysis of ultra-high performance cement-based composites3
Uncovering the role of hydrophobic silica fume (HPS) in rheology, hydration, and microstructure of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC)3
Sequential triple treatment of recycled coarse aggregates: mechanical, durability, and microstructural performance of concrete with mechanistic insights3
Study on the performance optimization and carbon sequestration effects of carbon dioxide foam cement3
Synergistic self-healing effect and mechanism of fiber and biological capsule on mortar cracks3
Enhancing freeze–thaw and high-temperature resistance of one-part alkali-activated slag foam concrete with waste concrete powder: role of curing conditions and fiber reinforcement3
Effects of carbonation on the compressive strength of autoclaved aerated concrete with different Ca/Si ratios3
Influence of the early-age length change of alkali-activated slag mortars on the corrosion of embedded steel3
Reaction and microstructure of metakaolin-based geopolymer3
Design of a novel in-situ wet carbonated magnesium slag binder based on sodium carbonate activation: mechanical properties, phase transformation and microstructural evolution3
Hydration mechanism of anhydrite and calcium sulfoaluminate co-activated slag cement: insights into the role of composition3
Fractal characteristics of particle groups and mechanochemical effects of Yellow River sediment after mechanical grinding3
Chemically engineered carbonation of recycled concrete powder for high-reactivity precursors in fly ash-based low-carbon concrete: from ionic evolution to structural performance3
Mix design of FA-GGBS based lightweight geopolymer concrete incorporating sintered fly ash aggregate as coarse aggregate3
Experimental study on macro–micro-structural properties and strength prediction model of wastewater concrete3
A critical review of 100 years of permeability tests for the sustainability of concrete structures3
Optimization of ultra high performance concrete with coarse aggregate for enhanced sustainability: a comprehensive assessment of slump flow and mechanical properties3
Synthesis and properties of belite-ye’elimite-ternesite cement clinker at 1200 °C3
Degree of reactivity and strength evolution of ground steel slag-based composite binder – experimental and numerical analysis3
Hydration characteristics and hydration products of calcium sulfoaluminate cement and fly ash blended pastes3
Morphological control and acid dissolution mechanism of struvite crystals3
Synergistic effects of graphene nanoplatelets and para-wood ash on the mechanical behavior of recycled aggregate concrete3
Investigation on the mechanical and durability performance of high-strength concrete utilizing high molarity internal curing compounds3
Uniaxial tensile stress–strain behavior of seawater sea-sand recycled aggregate concrete: influences of sea-sand replacement ratio and curing age3
Sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate resistances of mortar with multi-binder systems of calcined kaolinite clay, fly ash, and limestone powder3
Effects of CO 2 and chloride ion interaction on the durability of one-part nickel slag geopolymer3
Elucidating the role of particle packing on drying shrinkage behavior of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC)3
Improvement effect of a double-level phase change material on compressive strengths of Portland cementitious materials after elevated temperatures3
Editorial3
A review on the utilization of dredged sludge as a promising low-carbon supplementary cementitious material: activation, properties and microstructure3
Development and performance of ternary binders incorporating scallop shell powder and slag for hydraulic road applications3
Electrochemical dielectric response of steel corrosion induced by chloride in simulated concrete pore solution3
Carbonation hardening of Portland limestone cement: from laboratory testing to industrial applications3
Influence of curing conditions on microstructural evolution in cement pastes: a comparative study3
Enhancing the properties of high-performance concrete using micro and nano palm oil fuel ash3
Effect of elevated temperature on the micro-structure and pore size distribution of sustainable bio-fiber-reinforced ultra-high toughness cementitious composites3
Effect of water pressure and notch depth on the fracture properties of ECC under shear loading3
Experimental and numerical assessment of an optimized geopolymer repair mortar for the filling core-drilled holes in conventional concrete3
Volcanic tuff ash as quartz replacement in autoclaved aerated concrete: microstructure modification and performance enhancement3
Investigating the effect of carbon fiber dosage on the mechanical and thermoelectric properties of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete3
CO 2 sequestration through alkali-activated steel slag: a review3
Correction3
Fracture performance of ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) at different curing ages: experimental investigation and unified formulation2
Preparation and properties of calcium aluminum silicate hydrate–polycarboxylate nanocomposites (CASH–PCE)2
The role of nano-silica and cellulose nanofibers in enhancing high-early-strength concrete2
Diffusion dynamics in ecological concrete studied by neutron imaging method2
Evaluating the self-healing capacity of textile-derived cellulose in cementitious composites2
Mechanical and microstructural properties of structural and non-structural lightweight foamed concrete with coal bottom ash as cement and sand replacement material2
Fresh and hardened properties of 3D printed concrete with cement kiln dust and CO 22
Blockage mechanism analysis and optimization design of 3D concrete printhead2
Expansive deformation and mechanical properties of cementitious materials with azodicarbonamide expansive agent: influencing factors and mechanisms2
Mutualism of barnacles and marine concrete: a review of interactions, challenges, and opportunities toward eco-friendly coastal infrastructure2
Preparation of high flexural strength rankinite cement benefiting from formation of aragonite whisker during carbonation curing2
Effect of slag on the shrinkage behavior and microstructural evolution of MgO-K2HPO4-SiO2 cement2
Understanding the aging mechanism of calcium silicate hydrates under the action of solar radiation2
Design of shrinkage-reducing lightweight functional aggregate for UHPC: water release performance and internal curing effect2
Mechanistic insights into the calcination and hydration of coal-gangue-based high-belite sulfoaluminate cement2
Comparative analysis of geotechnical and microstructural properties of biocemented coal bottom ash composite enhanced by bacterial bioaugmentation with Sporosarcina pasteurii 2
Feasibility and carbon footprint assessment of tuff tunnel slag powder as a geopolymer precursor2
Surfactants-styrene butadiene latex synergistic enhancement of bamboo scraps/magnesium oxychloride light composite interface compatibility2
Research progress on the application of shape memory alloys for crack closure and deformation recovery in cement-based materials2
Comparison of stearic acid and oleic acid for shrinkage-mitigating of alkali-activated slag composites2
Performance evaluation of innovative backfill materials containing phase change materials with low melting points for geothermal energy piles in cold regions2
Multi-scale characterization of the self-healing behavior of long-term cement-based materials with superabsorbent polymers2
Effect of novel gram-positive bacteria and fungi on the durability, corrosion resistance performance, and self-healing ability of concrete over various curing conditions2
Development of novel ultra-high-performance lightweight concrete modified with dehydrated cement powder and aerogel2
Physicochemical-aware ensemble learning and design of sustainable concrete2
Effect of power ultrasound-assisted mixing on the hydration and microstructural development of cement paste2
Low-clay soil as fine aggregate in 3D printed concrete: insights into fresh and hardened properties2
Mesoscale analysis for mortar deterioration during freeze-thaw modification of recycled coarse aggregate2
Mechanochemical dry ice treatment enhances carbon sequestration and performance in slag-based geopolymers2
Understanding the mechanisms behind the effects of limestone powder on microstructure evolution of cement paste2
Durability of Alkali activated concrete made using multiple precursors as primary binders2
High-strength low paste volume ternary-blended 3D printed one-part geopolymer concrete: rheology, hardened mechanics, and microstructure2
Rheological, mechanical and fire resistance performance of waste glass activated geopolymers for concrete 3D printing2
Effect of recycled coarse aggregate on the tensile stress–strain curve of seawater sea-sand concrete2
Grinding method and sulfate content influence on LC 3 cement production using waste as spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst (FCC) and marble dust2
Pore structure characteristics of recycled aggregate concrete damaged by salt frost action and the effects on mass transport properties2
Improving environmental efficiency of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) through appropriate application of ultrafine quartz powder2
An investigation on the performance enhancement and cost reduction of engineered cementitious composites developed with local PVA and PET fibers2
Use of nano-silica in cement-based materials – a comprehensive review2
MgO activated calcined marine clay and its carbonation2
Differential effects of metakaolin and ground granulated blast furnace slag on the hydration and long-term performance of magnesium potassium phosphate cement2
Optimization of permeability resistance and micro-mechanism analysis of backfilling grouting materials for shield tunnel based on factorial design2
Properties of limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) mortar under different types of biochar – hydration kinetics, strength development, and chloride resistance2
A comprehensive review of direct aqueous mineral carbonation of industrial wastes using principal component analysis2
Effects of polycarboxylate superplasticizers with different functional groups on the adsorption behavior and rheology of cement paste containing montmorillonite2
Study on the piezoresistivity and conductive network model of nickel-plated carbon fibre reinforced concrete2
Volume stability of Portland-dolomite cement pastes cured in different conditions2
Durability properties of fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete with natural and industrial waste mineral admixtures2
Impact and mechanism of multi-strain composite microbial mineralized coating on concrete impermeability2
Use of C–S–H nano-crystal and waste incineration fly ash in cement-based materials containing coal gangue powder: insight into hydration characteristic2
Insight into mechanical properties and microstructure of concrete containing steel slag and ground-granulated blast-furnace slag2
Accelerated carbonation of waste-modified cement pastes: material-specific responses and implications2
Carbonation resistance of fly ash-metakaolin-based geopolymer pastes regulated by slag and carbide slag2
A microbial mineralization-based strategy for activating low-carbon recycled concrete powder: mechanical properties and hydration behavior2
One-phase improvement of sandy soil using seawater-based soybean-induced carbonate precipitation2
Effect of cement on carbonation behaviors of argon oxygen decarburization stainless steel slag (AODS)2
Comparative study on the enhancement of interfacial strength in carbon fiber reinforced concrete modified by ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and silane coupling agent2
Role of minor quantities of NaAlO 2 in carboaluminate cementitious material2
Assessment of the durability and environmental impact of seawater-activated portlandite-calcined clay binder2
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