Nature Biomedical Engineering

Article	Citations
The evolution of commercial drug delivery technologies	550
Data-efficient and weakly supervised computational pathology on whole-slide images	541
CRISPR-based diagnostics	495
Clinical validation of a Cas13-based assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA	432
An epidermal patch for the simultaneous monitoring of haemodynamic and metabolic biomarkers	313
Pre-symptomatic detection of COVID-19 from smartwatch data	296
Synthetic data in machine learning for medicine and healthcare	250
A wearable electrochemical biosensor for the monitoring of metabolites and nutrients	244
Rapid single-molecule detection of COVID-19 and MERS antigens via nanobody-functionalized organic electrochemical transistors	235
High-throughput automated organoid culture via stem-cell aggregation in microcavity arrays	225
Human cardiac organoids for the modelling of myocardial infarction and drug cardiotoxicity	223
A human-airway-on-a-chip for the rapid identification of candidate antiviral therapeutics and prophylactics	219
Integrating spatial gene expression and breast tumour morphology via deep learning	194
Rapid lateral flow immunoassay for the fluorescence detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA	193
An integrated wearable microneedle array for the continuous monitoring of multiple biomarkers in interstitial fluid	181
Microneedle patch for the ultrasensitive quantification of protein biomarkers in interstitial fluid	177
Catheter-integrated soft multilayer electronic arrays for multiplexed sensing and actuation during cardiac surgery	176
A soft neuroprosthetic hand providing simultaneous myoelectric control and tactile feedback	167
Tumour sensitization via the extended intratumoural release of a STING agonist and camptothecin from a self-assembled hydrogel	167
Optimization of lipid nanoparticles for the delivery of nebulized therapeutic mRNA to the lungs	165
Inhibition of post-surgery tumour recurrence via a hydrogel releasing CAR-T cells and anti-PDL1-conjugated platelets	162
A multi-organ chip with matured tissue niches linked by vascular flow	161
Treatment of infarcted heart tissue via the capture and local delivery of circulating exosomes through antibody-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles	160
Rapid and ultrasensitive electromechanical detection of ions, biomolecules and SARS-CoV-2 RNA in unamplified samples	159
Fast detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA via the integration of plasmonic thermocycling and fluorescence detection in a portable device	159

Prolonged activation of innate immune pathways by a polyvalent STING agonist	158
Transcranial ultrafast ultrasound localization microscopy of brain vasculature in patients	156
Accelerated antimicrobial discovery via deep generative models and molecular dynamics simulations	156
Optimization of therapeutic antibodies by predicting antigen specificity from antibody sequence via deep learning	154
Rapid and coagulation-independent haemostatic sealing by a paste inspired by barnacle glue	149
Enhanced tumour penetration and prolonged circulation in blood of polyzwitterion–drug conjugates with cell-membrane affinity	148
Collagen-binding IL-12 enhances tumour inflammation and drives the complete remission of established immunologically cold mouse tumours	141
Wireless and battery-free technologies for neuroengineering	139
Sensitive fluorescence detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in clinical samples via one-pot isothermal ligation and transcription	131
A deep-learning system for the assessment of cardiovascular disease risk via the measurement of retinal-vessel calibre	130
Intravital three-dimensional bioprinting	127
The surface topography of silicone breast implants mediates the foreign body response in mice, rabbits and humans	124
Deep-learning models for the detection and incidence prediction of chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes from retinal fundus images	123
Stabilization of a brain–computer interface via the alignment of low-dimensional spaces of neural activity	119
Open resource of clinical data from patients with pneumonia for the prediction of COVID-19 outcomes via deep learning	116
Prospective assessment of breast cancer risk from multimodal multiview ultrasound images via clinically applicable deep learning	112
A lab-on-a-chip for the concurrent electrochemical detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in saliva and plasma	112
Self-supervised learning in medicine and healthcare	112
A mountable toilet system for personalized health monitoring via the analysis of excreta	112
Fast and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using suboptimal protospacer adjacent motifs for Cas12a	110
Ultrabright fluorescent nanoscale labels for the femtomolar detection of analytes with standard bioassays	109
Ultrasensitive high-resolution profiling of early seroconversion in patients with COVID-19	108
Extensive germline genome engineering in pigs	108
Amelioration of Alzheimer’s disease pathology by mitophagy inducers identified via machine learning and a cross-species workflow	107
Restoration of sensory information via bionic hands	107
Transdermal microneedles for the programmable burst release of multiple vaccine payloads	105
Continuous monitoring of deep-tissue haemodynamics with stretchable ultrasonic phased arrays	104
Toward higher-performance bionic limbs for wider clinical use	103
A deep-learning pipeline for the diagnosis and discrimination of viral, non-viral and COVID-19 pneumonia from chest X-ray images	102
Identification of psychiatric disorder subtypes from functional connectivity patterns in resting-state electroencephalography	102
Exosomes decorated with a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain as an inhalable COVID-19 vaccine	102
A portable scanner for magnetic resonance imaging of the brain	101
Enhancement of the blood-circulation time and performance of nanomedicines via the forced clearance of erythrocytes	100
A soft and transparent contact lens for the wireless quantitative monitoring of intraocular pressure	100
Cryomicroneedles for transdermal cell delivery	99
Combination of tumour-infarction therapy and chemotherapy via the co-delivery of doxorubicin and thrombin encapsulated in tumour-targeted nanoparticles	98
Stimulation of neural stem cell differentiation by circularly polarized light transduced by chiral nanoassemblies	98
Nanoparticle-mediated convection-enhanced delivery of a DNA intercalator to gliomas circumvents temozolomide resistance	98
Design and clinical implementation of an open-source bionic leg	94
Generation of systemic antitumour immunity via the in situ modulation of the gut microbiome by an orally administered inulin gel	94
Lentiviral delivery of co-packaged Cas9 mRNA and a Vegfa-targeting guide RNA prevents wet age-related macular degeneration in mice	94
Enhanced tendon healing by a tough hydrogel with an adhesive side and high drug-loading capacity	93
Massively parallel functional photoacoustic computed tomography of the human brain	93
Cancer-cell stiffening via cholesterol depletion enhances adoptive T-cell immunotherapy	93
Neutralizing antibodies for the treatment of COVID-19	93
Burst release of encapsulated annexin A5 in tumours boosts cytotoxic T-cell responses by blocking the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells	93
Exosome-eluting stents for vascular healing after ischaemic injury	92
An integrated magneto-electrochemical device for the rapid profiling of tumour extracellular vesicles from blood plasma	91
Methotrexate-loaded tumour-cell-derived microvesicles can relieve biliary obstruction in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma	91
Rapid manufacturing of non-activated potent CAR T cells	90

Injectable and conductive cardiac patches repair infarcted myocardium in rats and minipigs	90
Modelling and prediction of the dynamic responses of large-scale brain networks during direct electrical stimulation	88
A fidget spinner for the point-of-care diagnosis of urinary tract infection	87
Generation of model tissues with dendritic vascular networks via sacrificial laser-sintered carbohydrate templates	87
A paper-based assay for the colorimetric detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants at single-nucleotide resolution	87
Application of prime editing to the correction of mutations and phenotypes in adult mice with liver and eye diseases	86
Restoration of visual function in adult mice with an inherited retinal disease via adenine base editing	86
A wireless millimetric magnetoelectric implant for the endovascular stimulation of peripheral nerves	84
Classification of T-cell activation via autofluorescence lifetime imaging	84
Control of the activity of CAR-T cells within tumours via focused ultrasound	84
Fungal brain infection modelled in a human-neurovascular-unit-on-a-chip with a functional blood–brain barrier	83
A web tool for the design of prime-editing guide RNAs	83
A strain-programmed patch for the healing of diabetic wounds	83
AND-gate contrast agents for enhanced fluorescence-guided surgery	83
Tether-free photothermal deep-brain stimulation in freely behaving mice via wide-field illumination in the near-infrared-II window	83
Shifting machine learning for healthcare from development to deployment and from models to data	80
T cells armed with C-X-C chemokine receptor type 6 enhance adoptive cell therapy for pancreatic tumours	80
Discrimination of single-point mutations in unamplified genomic DNA via Cas9 immobilized on a graphene field-effect transistor	80
Antigen-bearing outer membrane vesicles as tumour vaccines produced in situ by ingested genetically engineered bacteria	80
Nanoparticle-encapsulated siRNAs for gene silencing in the haematopoietic stem-cell niche	80
Rapid prototyping of soft bioelectronic implants for use as neuromuscular interfaces	79
A CRISPR-based assay for the detection of opportunistic infections post-transplantation and for the monitoring of transplant rejection	78
Simplified Cas13-based assays for the fast identification of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants	77
Enhanced intratumoural activity of CAR T cells engineered to produce immunomodulators under photothermal control	75
Quantification of antibody avidities and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum and saliva on plasmonic substrates	75
A low-power band of neuronal spiking activity dominated by local single units improves the performance of brain–machine interfaces	75
Ultrasensitive detection of circulating tumour DNA via deep methylation sequencing aided by machine learning	74
Nanoparticles with ultrasound-induced afterglow luminescence for tumour-specific theranostics	73
Harnessing non-destructive 3D pathology	73
Systemic immune responses to irradiated tumours via the transport of antigens to the tumour periphery by injected flagellate bacteria	72
Generation of hypoimmunogenic T cells from genetically engineered allogeneic human induced pluripotent stem cells	72
Performance benchmarking of microbubble-localization algorithms for ultrasound localization microscopy	71
A phosphorescent probe for in vivo imaging in the second near-infrared window	69
Suppression of the fibrotic encapsulation of silicone implants by inhibiting the mechanical activation of pro-fibrotic TGF-β	68
Efficient in vivo base editing via single adeno-associated viruses with size-optimized genomes encoding compact adenine base editors	68
Gelling hypotonic polymer solution for extended topical drug delivery to the eye	68
Biomimetic cartilage-lubricating polymers regenerate cartilage in rats with early osteoarthritis	67
Power-saving design opportunities for wireless intracortical brain–computer interfaces	67
Miniaturized electromechanical devices for the characterization of the biomechanics of deep tissue	66
Nuclear mechanosensing drives chromatin remodelling in persistently activated fibroblasts	66
Matrix stiffness epigenetically regulates the oncogenic activation of the Yes-associated protein in gastric cancer	66
Development of vaccines and antivirals for combating viral pandemics	65
Mining for encrypted peptide antibiotics in the human proteome	65
Detection of ovarian cancer via the spectral fingerprinting of quantum-defect-modified carbon nanotubes in serum by machine learning	65
De novo development of proteolytically resistant therapeutic peptides for oral administration	64
Limitations and opportunities of technologies for the analysis of cell-free DNA in cancer diagnostics	64
Gold/alpha-lactalbumin nanoprobes for the imaging and treatment of breast cancer	63
An orally delivered microbial cocktail for the removal of nitrogenous metabolic waste in animal models of kidney failure	62
Engineered reproductive tissues	62
In vivo cytidine base editing of hepatocytes without detectable off-target mutations in RNA and DNA	62
A neurovascular-unit-on-a-chip for the evaluation of the restorative potential of stem cell therapies for ischaemic stroke	62
Single-cell-resolved differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into pancreatic duct-like organoids on a microwell chip	61
Bioinspired kirigami metasurfaces as assistive shoe grips	61
A low-power stretchable neuromorphic nerve with proprioceptive feedback	61
Chronic electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves via deep-red light transduced by an implanted organic photocapacitor	60
Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in saliva via Cas13	60
Biomaterial-mediated modulation of oral microbiota synergizes with PD-1 blockade in mice with oral squamous cell carcinoma	58
Systemic tumour suppression via the preferential accumulation of erythrocyte-anchored chemokine-encapsulating nanoparticles in lung metastases	56
Multiplexed imaging in oncology	56
Intratumourally injected alum-tethered cytokines elicit potent and safer local and systemic anticancer immunity	56
Enhancing the tropism of bacteria via genetically programmed biosensors	55
Transient blood thinning during extracorporeal blood purification via the inactivation of coagulation factors by hydrogel microspheres	55
Expert-level detection of pathologies from unannotated chest X-ray images via self-supervised learning	55
Graph representation learning in biomedicine and healthcare	55
Therapeutic vaccination against leukaemia via the sustained release of co-encapsulated anti-PD-1 and a leukaemia-associated antigen	54
Decoding of facial strains via conformable piezoelectric interfaces	54
Towards translational optogenetics	54
High-resolution T1 MRI via renally clearable dextran nanoparticles with an iron oxide shell	53
Amelioration of post-traumatic osteoarthritis via nanoparticle depots delivering small interfering RNA to damaged cartilage	53
Shear-stress sensing by PIEZO1 regulates tendon stiffness in rodents and influences jumping performance in humans	53
Reduction of choroidal neovascularization via cleavable VEGF antibodies conjugated to exosomes derived from regulatory T cells	52
Orthogonally induced differentiation of stem cells for the programmatic patterning of vascularized organoids and bioprinted tissues	51
A co-formulation of supramolecularly stabilized insulin and pramlintide enhances mealtime glucagon suppression in diabetic pigs	51
Human mini-brain models	49
Cancer vaccines from cryogenically silicified tumour cells functionalized with pathogen-associated molecular patterns	48
Rapid reprogramming of tumour cells into cancer stem cells on double-network hydrogels	48
Opportunities and challenges in the diagnostic utility of dermal interstitial fluid	48
Site-specific PEGylation of interleukin-2 enhances immunosuppression via the sustained activation of regulatory T cells	47
Synergistic checkpoint-blockade and radiotherapy–radiodynamic therapy via an immunomodulatory nanoscale metal–organic framework	47
An organoid-based screen for epigenetic inhibitors that stimulate antigen presentation and potentiate T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity	47

Deep brain stimulation by blood–brain-barrier-crossing piezoelectric nanoparticles generating current and nitric oxide under focused ultrasound	46
Wirelessly operated bioelectronic sutures for the monitoring of deep surgical wounds	46
Whole-body tracking of single cells via positron emission tomography	45
CAR-T cells targeting a nucleophosmin neoepitope exhibit potent specific activity in mouse models of acute myeloid leukaemia	45
Identification of potent antimicrobial peptides via a machine-learning pipeline that mines the entire space of peptide sequences	45
Highly multiplexed rapid DNA detection with single-nucleotide specificity via convective PCR in a portable device	45
A fluorescence sandwich immunoassay for the real-time continuous detection of glucose and insulin in live animals	44
Metabolically driven maturation of human-induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived cardiac microtissues on microfluidic chips	44
Ultraflexible electrode arrays for months-long high-density electrophysiological mapping of thousands of neurons in rodents	44
Genetically engineered and enucleated human mesenchymal stromal cells for the targeted delivery of therapeutics to diseased tissue	43
Production of human spinal-cord organoids recapitulating neural-tube morphogenesis	43
Integrated pipeline for the accelerated discovery of antiviral antibody therapeutics	43
Spatially resolved in vivo imaging of inflammation-associated mRNA via enzymatic fluorescence amplification in a molecular beacon	43
Label-free intraoperative histology of bone tissue via deep-learning-assisted ultraviolet photoacoustic microscopy	43
Massively scaled-up testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA via next-generation sequencing of pooled and barcoded nasal and saliva samples	42
Tracking the expression of therapeutic protein targets in rare cells by antibody-mediated nanoparticle labelling and magnetic sorting	41
Dense anatomical annotation of slit-lamp images improves the performance of deep learning for the diagnosis of ophthalmic disorders	41
Pharmacokinetic tuning of protein–antigen fusions enhances the immunogenicity of T-cell vaccines	41
Amelioration of systemic inflammation via the display of two different decoy protein receptors on extracellular vesicles	40
A dysfunctional TRPV4–GSK3β pathway prevents osteoarthritic chondrocytes from sensing changes in extracellular matrix viscoelasticity	40
Intradermally delivered mRNA-encapsulating extracellular vesicles for collagen-replacement therapy	40
Computational reconstruction of the signalling networks surrounding implanted biomaterials from single-cell transcriptomics	40
Nuclear deformation guides chromatin reorganization in cardiac development and disease	40
Algorithmic fairness in artificial intelligence for medicine and healthcare	40
Treatment of peanut allergy and colitis in mice via the intestinal release of butyrate from polymeric micelles	39
Multiscale optical and optoacoustic imaging of amyloid-β deposits in mice	39
A wireless patch for the monitoring of C-reactive protein in sweat	39
An engineered live biotherapeutic for the prevention of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis	37
In vivo lensless microscopy via a phase mask generating diffraction patterns with high-contrast contours	37
Solid stress impairs lymphocyte infiltration into lymph-node metastases	37
A microfluidic cell-migration assay for the prediction of progression-free survival and recurrence time of patients with glioblastoma	36
Mechanobiological conditioning of mesenchymal stem cells for enhanced vascular regeneration	36
Graph deep learning for the characterization of tumour microenvironments from spatial protein profiles in tissue specimens	36
Purification of protein therapeutics via high-affinity supramolecular host–guest interactions	36
An electric-field-responsive paramagnetic contrast agent enhances the visualization of epileptic foci in mouse models of drug-resistant epilepsy	35
Augmented lipid-nanoparticle-mediated in vivo genome editing in the lungs and spleen by disrupting Cas9 activity in the liver	35
Robotically handled whole-tissue culture system for the screening of oral drug formulations	35
Massively parallel enrichment of low-frequency alleles enables duplex sequencing at low depth	35
Intraoperative imaging in pathology-assisted surgery	35
The sustained expression of Cas9 targeting toxic RNAs reverses disease phenotypes in mouse models of myotonic dystrophy type 1	35
Conjugation of glucosylated polymer chains to checkpoint blockade antibodies augments their efficacy and specificity for glioblastoma	34
Fast and scalable search of whole-slide images via self-supervised deep learning	34
Ex vivo prime editing of patient haematopoietic stem cells rescues sickle-cell disease phenotypes after engraftment in mice	34
Non-invasive monitoring of chronic liver disease via near-infrared and shortwave-infrared imaging of endogenous lipofuscin	34
Masking the immunotoxicity of interleukin-12 by fusing it with a domain of its receptor via a tumour-protease-cleavable linker	34
Rejuvenation of tumour-specific T cells through bispecific antibodies targeting PD-L1 on dendritic cells	33
Efficient recovery of potent tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes through quantitative immunomagnetic cell sorting	32
High-speed light-sheet microscopy for the in-situ acquisition of volumetric histological images of living tissue	32
Detection of signs of disease in external photographs of the eyes via deep learning	32
Opportunities and challenges in the development of exoskeletons for locomotor assistance	32
Low-cost gastrointestinal manometry via silicone–liquid-metal pressure transducers resembling a quipu	31
Humanized skeletal muscle in MYF5/MYOD/MYF6-null pig embryos	31
Biomaterial vaccines capturing pathogen-associated molecular patterns protect against bacterial infections and septic shock	31
Opportunities and challenges in cardiac tissue engineering from an analysis of two decades of advances	30
A one-pot isothermal Cas12-based assay for the sensitive detection of microRNAs	30
Field validation of the performance of paper-based tests for the detection of the Zika and chikungunya viruses in serum samples	30
Activatable near-infrared probes for the detection of specific populations of tumour-infiltrating leukocytes in vivo and in urine	30
Deep-learning-assisted analysis of echocardiographic videos improves predictions of all-cause mortality	30
A prototype closed-loop brain–machine interface for the study and treatment of pain	30
Bioengineering strategies for restoring vision	30
Metabolic and immunomodulatory control of type 1 diabetes via orally delivered bile-acid-polymer nanocarriers of insulin or rapamycin	30
Glucosylated nanoparticles for the oral delivery of antibiotics to the proximal small intestine protect mice from gut dysbiosis	29
Revealing nanostructures in brain tissue via protein decrowding by iterative expansion microscopy	29
A vision transformer for decoding surgeon activity from surgical videos	29
Selective multiplexed enrichment for the detection and quantitation of low-fraction DNA variants via low-depth sequencing	29
Delivery of local anaesthetics by a self-assembled supramolecular system mimicking their interactions with a sodium channel	29
Induction and expansion of human PRRX1+ limb-bud-like mesenchymal cells from pluripotent stem cells	28
Therapeutic implications of transplanted-cell death	28
Stimulation of the hepatoportal nerve plexus with focused ultrasound restores glucose homoeostasis in diabetic mice, rats and swine	28
Sensitive sensing of biomarkers in interstitial fluid	27
Diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis by optically detecting two virulence factors on extracellular vesicles in blood samples	27
Ultrasensitive lateral-flow assays via plasmonically active antibody-conjugated fluorescent nanoparticles	27
A wireless and battery-less implant for multimodal closed-loop neuromodulation in small animals	27
A mathematical model for the quantification of a patient’s sensitivity to checkpoint inhibitors and long-term tumour burden	27
Brain-wide Cas9-mediated cleavage of a gene causing familial Alzheimer’s disease alleviates amyloid-related pathologies in mice	27
Variants of the adeno-associated virus serotype 9 with enhanced penetration of the blood–brain barrier in rodents and primates	27
Generation of T-cell-receptor-negative CD8αβ-positive CAR T cells from T-cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells	27
Peptide-mediated delivery of CRISPR enzymes for the efficient editing of primary human lymphocytes	26
Skeletal muscle regeneration via the chemical induction and expansion of myogenic stem cells in situ or in vitro	26
Bioresorbable thin-film silicon diodes for the optoelectronic excitation and inhibition of neural activities	26
Induction of antigen-specific tolerance by nanobody–antigen adducts that target class-II major histocompatibility complexes	26
A battery-less wireless implant for the continuous monitoring of vascular pressure, flow rate and temperature	25
Inhibition of aberrant tissue remodelling by mesenchymal stromal cells singly coated with soft gels presenting defined chemomechanical cues	25
Reduction of mtDNA heteroplasmy in mitochondrial replacement therapy by inducing forced mitophagy	25
Restoration of dystrophin expression in mice by suppressing a nonsense mutation through the incorporation of unnatural amino acids	25
Derivation of prognostic contextual histopathological features from whole-slide images of tumours via graph deep learning	25
Closed-loop enhancement and neural decoding of cognitive control in humans	25
CAR T cells expressing a bacterial virulence factor trigger potent bystander antitumour responses in solid cancers	25
A prevalent neglect of environmental control in mammalian cell culture calls for best practices	24
Advanced technologies for the preservation of mammalian biospecimens	24
Aberrant chromatin reorganization in cells from diseased fibrous connective tissue in response to altered chemomechanical cues	23
Screening for modulators of the cellular composition of gut epithelia via organoid models of intestinal stem cell differentiation	23
Screening for CD19-specific chimaeric antigen receptors with enhanced signalling via a barcoded library of intracellular domains	23
Multi-omics microsampling for the profiling of lifestyle-associated changes in health	23
Multi-arm RNA junctions encoding molecular logic unconstrained by input sequence for versatile cell-free diagnostics	22