Nature Biomedical Engineering

Article	Citations
Data-efficient and weakly supervised computational pathology on whole-slide images	758
The evolution of commercial drug delivery technologies	699
CRISPR-based diagnostics	625
An epidermal patch for the simultaneous monitoring of haemodynamic and metabolic biomarkers	387
A wearable electrochemical biosensor for the monitoring of metabolites and nutrients	367
Pre-symptomatic detection of COVID-19 from smartwatch data	332
Synthetic data in machine learning for medicine and healthcare	325
Rapid single-molecule detection of COVID-19 and MERS antigens via nanobody-functionalized organic electrochemical transistors	271
A human-airway-on-a-chip for the rapid identification of candidate antiviral therapeutics and prophylactics	265
An integrated wearable microneedle array for the continuous monitoring of multiple biomarkers in interstitial fluid	262
Optimization of lipid nanoparticles for the delivery of nebulized therapeutic mRNA to the lungs	232
Microneedle patch for the ultrasensitive quantification of protein biomarkers in interstitial fluid	221
A multi-organ chip with matured tissue niches linked by vascular flow	218
Rapid lateral flow immunoassay for the fluorescence detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA	214
Inhibition of post-surgery tumour recurrence via a hydrogel releasing CAR-T cells and anti-PDL1-conjugated platelets	204
A soft neuroprosthetic hand providing simultaneous myoelectric control and tactile feedback	204
Rapid and ultrasensitive electromechanical detection of ions, biomolecules and SARS-CoV-2 RNA in unamplified samples	196
Transcranial ultrafast ultrasound localization microscopy of brain vasculature in patients	193
Accelerated antimicrobial discovery via deep generative models and molecular dynamics simulations	190
Rapid and coagulation-independent haemostatic sealing by a paste inspired by barnacle glue	188
Self-supervised learning in medicine and healthcare	187
Treatment of infarcted heart tissue via the capture and local delivery of circulating exosomes through antibody-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles	184
Prolonged activation of innate immune pathways by a polyvalent STING agonist	184
Optimization of therapeutic antibodies by predicting antigen specificity from antibody sequence via deep learning	182
Enhanced tumour penetration and prolonged circulation in blood of polyzwitterion–drug conjugates with cell-membrane affinity	181

Wireless and battery-free technologies for neuroengineering	178
Fast detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA via the integration of plasmonic thermocycling and fluorescence detection in a portable device	173
Deep-learning models for the detection and incidence prediction of chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes from retinal fundus images	161
A lab-on-a-chip for the concurrent electrochemical detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in saliva and plasma	149
Fast and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using suboptimal protospacer adjacent motifs for Cas12a	148
The surface topography of silicone breast implants mediates the foreign body response in mice, rabbits and humans	145
Amelioration of Alzheimer’s disease pathology by mitophagy inducers identified via machine learning and a cross-species workflow	143
Continuous monitoring of deep-tissue haemodynamics with stretchable ultrasonic phased arrays	141
Prospective assessment of breast cancer risk from multimodal multiview ultrasound images via clinically applicable deep learning	140
A strain-programmed patch for the healing of diabetic wounds	136
Exosomes decorated with a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain as an inhalable COVID-19 vaccine	134
Shifting machine learning for healthcare from development to deployment and from models to data	133
Open resource of clinical data from patients with pneumonia for the prediction of COVID-19 outcomes via deep learning	132
Toward higher-performance bionic limbs for wider clinical use	132
Rapid manufacturing of non-activated potent CAR T cells	132
Restoration of sensory information via bionic hands	131
Cryomicroneedles for transdermal cell delivery	130
Transdermal microneedles for the programmable burst release of multiple vaccine payloads	129
A soft and transparent contact lens for the wireless quantitative monitoring of intraocular pressure	128
Generation of systemic antitumour immunity via the in situ modulation of the gut microbiome by an orally administered inulin gel	125
Enhanced tendon healing by a tough hydrogel with an adhesive side and high drug-loading capacity	124
A portable scanner for magnetic resonance imaging of the brain	121
Tether-free photothermal deep-brain stimulation in freely behaving mice via wide-field illumination in the near-infrared-II window	119
A deep-learning pipeline for the diagnosis and discrimination of viral, non-viral and COVID-19 pneumonia from chest X-ray images	118
Nanoparticle-mediated convection-enhanced delivery of a DNA intercalator to gliomas circumvents temozolomide resistance	118
A paper-based assay for the colorimetric detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants at single-nucleotide resolution	116
Massively parallel functional photoacoustic computed tomography of the human brain	115
Cancer-cell stiffening via cholesterol depletion enhances adoptive T-cell immunotherapy	114
Exosome-eluting stents for vascular healing after ischaemic injury	114
Injectable and conductive cardiac patches repair infarcted myocardium in rats and minipigs	113
Limitations and opportunities of technologies for the analysis of cell-free DNA in cancer diagnostics	113
Expert-level detection of pathologies from unannotated chest X-ray images via self-supervised learning	113
Lentiviral delivery of co-packaged Cas9 mRNA and a Vegfa-targeting guide RNA prevents wet age-related macular degeneration in mice	111
Control of the activity of CAR-T cells within tumours via focused ultrasound	110
Nanoparticles with ultrasound-induced afterglow luminescence for tumour-specific theranostics	110
A wireless millimetric magnetoelectric implant for the endovascular stimulation of peripheral nerves	110
An integrated magneto-electrochemical device for the rapid profiling of tumour extracellular vesicles from blood plasma	108
Fungal brain infection modelled in a human-neurovascular-unit-on-a-chip with a functional blood–brain barrier	105
Simplified Cas13-based assays for the fast identification of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants	104
Antigen-bearing outer membrane vesicles as tumour vaccines produced in situ by ingested genetically engineered bacteria	102
Biomimetic cartilage-lubricating polymers regenerate cartilage in rats with early osteoarthritis	101
Systemic immune responses to irradiated tumours via the transport of antigens to the tumour periphery by injected flagellate bacteria	101
Performance benchmarking of microbubble-localization algorithms for ultrasound localization microscopy	100
Application of prime editing to the correction of mutations and phenotypes in adult mice with liver and eye diseases	100
Modelling and prediction of the dynamic responses of large-scale brain networks during direct electrical stimulation	99
T cells armed with C-X-C chemokine receptor type 6 enhance adoptive cell therapy for pancreatic tumours	99
Algorithmic fairness in artificial intelligence for medicine and healthcare	97
Neutralizing antibodies for the treatment of COVID-19	96
Generation of hypoimmunogenic T cells from genetically engineered allogeneic human induced pluripotent stem cells	94
Harnessing non-destructive 3D pathology	93

A one-pot isothermal Cas12-based assay for the sensitive detection of microRNAs	93
Graph representation learning in biomedicine and healthcare	92
Discrimination of single-point mutations in unamplified genomic DNA via Cas9 immobilized on a graphene field-effect transistor	92
Detection of ovarian cancer via the spectral fingerprinting of quantum-defect-modified carbon nanotubes in serum by machine learning	91
Opportunities and challenges in the diagnostic utility of dermal interstitial fluid	91
A phosphorescent probe for in vivo imaging in the second near-infrared window	91
Nuclear mechanosensing drives chromatin remodelling in persistently activated fibroblasts	90
Ultrasensitive detection of circulating tumour DNA via deep methylation sequencing aided by machine learning	89
A wireless patch for the monitoring of C-reactive protein in sweat	89
A low-power stretchable neuromorphic nerve with proprioceptive feedback	88
Enhanced intratumoural activity of CAR T cells engineered to produce immunomodulators under photothermal control	87
Efficient in vivo base editing via single adeno-associated viruses with size-optimized genomes encoding compact adenine base editors	86
Intratumourally injected alum-tethered cytokines elicit potent and safer local and systemic anticancer immunity	83
Mining for encrypted peptide antibiotics in the human proteome	82
Miniaturized electromechanical devices for the characterization of the biomechanics of deep tissue	80
Suppression of the fibrotic encapsulation of silicone implants by inhibiting the mechanical activation of pro-fibrotic TGF-β	79
Towards translational optogenetics	78
Biomaterial-mediated modulation of oral microbiota synergizes with PD-1 blockade in mice with oral squamous cell carcinoma	78
Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in saliva via Cas13	78
Matrix stiffness epigenetically regulates the oncogenic activation of the Yes-associated protein in gastric cancer	77
Chronic electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves via deep-red light transduced by an implanted organic photocapacitor	77
Intradermally delivered mRNA-encapsulating extracellular vesicles for collagen-replacement therapy	76
In vivo cytidine base editing of hepatocytes without detectable off-target mutations in RNA and DNA	74
Development of vaccines and antivirals for combating viral pandemics	73
Multiplexed imaging in oncology	72
A neurovascular-unit-on-a-chip for the evaluation of the restorative potential of stem cell therapies for ischaemic stroke	72
Identification of potent antimicrobial peptides via a machine-learning pipeline that mines the entire space of peptide sequences	71
Enhancing the tropism of bacteria via genetically programmed biosensors	70
Label-free intraoperative histology of bone tissue via deep-learning-assisted ultraviolet photoacoustic microscopy	69
Deep brain stimulation by blood–brain-barrier-crossing piezoelectric nanoparticles generating current and nitric oxide under focused ultrasound	68
High-resolution T1 MRI via renally clearable dextran nanoparticles with an iron oxide shell	67
Orthogonally induced differentiation of stem cells for the programmatic patterning of vascularized organoids and bioprinted tissues	67
Single-cell-resolved differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into pancreatic duct-like organoids on a microwell chip	67
Ultraflexible electrode arrays for months-long high-density electrophysiological mapping of thousands of neurons in rodents	66
Shear-stress sensing by PIEZO1 regulates tendon stiffness in rodents and influences jumping performance in humans	66
Systemic tumour suppression via the preferential accumulation of erythrocyte-anchored chemokine-encapsulating nanoparticles in lung metastases	66
A transformer-based representation-learning model with unified processing of multimodal input for clinical diagnostics	65
Amelioration of post-traumatic osteoarthritis via nanoparticle depots delivering small interfering RNA to damaged cartilage	63
Opportunities and challenges in the development of exoskeletons for locomotor assistance	63
Transient blood thinning during extracorporeal blood purification via the inactivation of coagulation factors by hydrogel microspheres	63
Reduction of choroidal neovascularization via cleavable VEGF antibodies conjugated to exosomes derived from regulatory T cells	63
Production of human spinal-cord organoids recapitulating neural-tube morphogenesis	62
Cancer vaccines from cryogenically silicified tumour cells functionalized with pathogen-associated molecular patterns	62
Spatially resolved in vivo imaging of inflammation-associated mRNA via enzymatic fluorescence amplification in a molecular beacon	62
Wirelessly operated bioelectronic sutures for the monitoring of deep surgical wounds	62
An organoid-based screen for epigenetic inhibitors that stimulate antigen presentation and potentiate T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity	62
Synergistic checkpoint-blockade and radiotherapy–radiodynamic therapy via an immunomodulatory nanoscale metal–organic framework	59
Graph deep learning for the characterization of tumour microenvironments from spatial protein profiles in tissue specimens	59
Site-specific PEGylation of interleukin-2 enhances immunosuppression via the sustained activation of regulatory T cells	58
Activatable near-infrared probes for the detection of specific populations of tumour-infiltrating leukocytes in vivo and in urine	57
Genetically engineered and enucleated human mesenchymal stromal cells for the targeted delivery of therapeutics to diseased tissue	57
Highly multiplexed rapid DNA detection with single-nucleotide specificity via convective PCR in a portable device	56
Robust and data-efficient generalization of self-supervised machine learning for diagnostic imaging	56
Rapid reprogramming of tumour cells into cancer stem cells on double-network hydrogels	55
Treatment of peanut allergy and colitis in mice via the intestinal release of butyrate from polymeric micelles	55
A fluorescence sandwich immunoassay for the real-time continuous detection of glucose and insulin in live animals	55
Computational reconstruction of the signalling networks surrounding implanted biomaterials from single-cell transcriptomics	54
In vivo lensless microscopy via a phase mask generating diffraction patterns with high-contrast contours	54
Human mini-brain models	53
Ultrasensitive lateral-flow assays via plasmonically active antibody-conjugated fluorescent nanoparticles	53
A dysfunctional TRPV4–GSK3β pathway prevents osteoarthritic chondrocytes from sensing changes in extracellular matrix viscoelasticity	53
Amelioration of systemic inflammation via the display of two different decoy protein receptors on extracellular vesicles	52
Ex vivo prime editing of patient haematopoietic stem cells rescues sickle-cell disease phenotypes after engraftment in mice	52
Multiscale optical and optoacoustic imaging of amyloid-β deposits in mice	51
Metabolically driven maturation of human-induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived cardiac microtissues on microfluidic chips	51
A wireless and battery-less implant for multimodal closed-loop neuromodulation in small animals	50
Fast and scalable search of whole-slide images via self-supervised deep learning	50
An engineered live biotherapeutic for the prevention of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis	50
Nuclear deformation guides chromatin reorganization in cardiac development and disease	49
A battery-less wireless implant for the continuous monitoring of vascular pressure, flow rate and temperature	47
Intraoperative imaging in pathology-assisted surgery	47
High-speed light-sheet microscopy for the in-situ acquisition of volumetric histological images of living tissue	46
Massively scaled-up testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA via next-generation sequencing of pooled and barcoded nasal and saliva samples	46
Solid stress impairs lymphocyte infiltration into lymph-node metastases	46
Massively parallel enrichment of low-frequency alleles enables duplex sequencing at low depth	45
Derivation of prognostic contextual histopathological features from whole-slide images of tumours via graph deep learning	44
Augmented lipid-nanoparticle-mediated in vivo genome editing in the lungs and spleen by disrupting Cas9 activity in the liver	44
Revealing nanostructures in brain tissue via protein decrowding by iterative expansion microscopy	44
Field validation of the performance of paper-based tests for the detection of the Zika and chikungunya viruses in serum samples	43
Mechanobiological conditioning of mesenchymal stem cells for enhanced vascular regeneration	43

Detection of signs of disease in external photographs of the eyes via deep learning	43
Conjugation of glucosylated polymer chains to checkpoint blockade antibodies augments their efficacy and specificity for glioblastoma	42
Rejuvenation of tumour-specific T cells through bispecific antibodies targeting PD-L1 on dendritic cells	42
Efficient recovery of potent tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes through quantitative immunomagnetic cell sorting	42
Peptide-mediated delivery of CRISPR enzymes for the efficient editing of primary human lymphocytes	42
Masking the immunotoxicity of interleukin-12 by fusing it with a domain of its receptor via a tumour-protease-cleavable linker	42
A prototype closed-loop brain–machine interface for the study and treatment of pain	40
Biomaterial vaccines capturing pathogen-associated molecular patterns protect against bacterial infections and septic shock	40
Glucosylated nanoparticles for the oral delivery of antibiotics to the proximal small intestine protect mice from gut dysbiosis	40
Low-cost gastrointestinal manometry via silicone–liquid-metal pressure transducers resembling a quipu	40
Opportunities and challenges in cardiac tissue engineering from an analysis of two decades of advances	40
Multi-antigen spherical nucleic acid cancer vaccines	40
A vision transformer for decoding surgeon activity from surgical videos	39
Variants of the adeno-associated virus serotype 9 with enhanced penetration of the blood–brain barrier in rodents and primates	39
Generation of T-cell-receptor-negative CD8αβ-positive CAR T cells from T-cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells	39
Metabolic and immunomodulatory control of type 1 diabetes via orally delivered bile-acid-polymer nanocarriers of insulin or rapamycin	39
Bioresorbable thin-film silicon diodes for the optoelectronic excitation and inhibition of neural activities	39
A hepatocyte-targeting nanoparticle for enhanced hepatobiliary magnetic resonance imaging	38
Delivery of local anaesthetics by a self-assembled supramolecular system mimicking their interactions with a sodium channel	38
Bioengineering strategies for restoring vision	38
Humanized skeletal muscle in MYF5/MYOD/MYF6-null pig embryos	37
Stretchable ultrasonic arrays for the three-dimensional mapping of the modulus of deep tissue	37
Translational opportunities and challenges of invasive electrodes for neural interfaces	36
Criteria for the design of tissue-mimicking phantoms for the standardization of biophotonic instrumentation	36
Closed-loop enhancement and neural decoding of cognitive control in humans	35
Nutritional deficiency in an intestine-on-a-chip recapitulates injury hallmarks associated with environmental enteric dysfunction	35
Deep-learning-assisted analysis of echocardiographic videos improves predictions of all-cause mortality	35
Diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis by optically detecting two virulence factors on extracellular vesicles in blood samples	35
Multi-omics microsampling for the profiling of lifestyle-associated changes in health	35
Aberrant chromatin reorganization in cells from diseased fibrous connective tissue in response to altered chemomechanical cues	34
Generation of neural organoids for spinal-cord regeneration via the direct reprogramming of human astrocytes	34
A mathematical model for the quantification of a patient’s sensitivity to checkpoint inhibitors and long-term tumour burden	34
Screening for modulators of the cellular composition of gut epithelia via organoid models of intestinal stem cell differentiation	33
Advanced technologies for the preservation of mammalian biospecimens	33
Selective multiplexed enrichment for the detection and quantitation of low-fraction DNA variants via low-depth sequencing	33
Therapeutic implications of transplanted-cell death	33
Skeletal muscle regeneration via the chemical induction and expansion of myogenic stem cells in situ or in vitro	32
CAR T cells expressing a bacterial virulence factor trigger potent bystander antitumour responses in solid cancers	32
Sensitive sensing of biomarkers in interstitial fluid	32
Induction and expansion of human PRRX1+ limb-bud-like mesenchymal cells from pluripotent stem cells	31
Multi-arm RNA junctions encoding molecular logic unconstrained by input sequence for versatile cell-free diagnostics	31
Inhibition of aberrant tissue remodelling by mesenchymal stromal cells singly coated with soft gels presenting defined chemomechanical cues	31
Peptide-encoding mRNA barcodes for the high-throughput in vivo screening of libraries of lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery	31
Stimulation of the hepatoportal nerve plexus with focused ultrasound restores glucose homoeostasis in diabetic mice, rats and swine	31
Enhancing the immunogenicity of lipid-nanoparticle mRNA vaccines by adjuvanting the ionizable lipid and the mRNA	30
Screening for CD19-specific chimaeric antigen receptors with enhanced signalling via a barcoded library of intracellular domains	30
A potent antibiotic-loaded bone-cement implant against staphylococcal bone infections	30
Near-infrared fluorescence lifetime imaging of amyloid-β aggregates and tau fibrils through the intact skull of mice	29
Contactless optical coherence tomography of the eyes of freestanding individuals with a robotic scanner	29
A prevalent neglect of environmental control in mammalian cell culture calls for best practices	29
Induction of antigen-specific tolerance by nanobody–antigen adducts that target class-II major histocompatibility complexes	29
Restoration of dystrophin expression in mice by suppressing a nonsense mutation through the incorporation of unnatural amino acids	29
Brain-wide Cas9-mediated cleavage of a gene causing familial Alzheimer’s disease alleviates amyloid-related pathologies in mice	28
Generation of functionally distinct T-cell populations by altering the viscoelasticity of their extracellular matrix	28
Prospective testing of clinical Cerenkov luminescence imaging against standard-of-care nuclear imaging for tumour location	28
Macroscopic resting-state brain dynamics are best described by linear models	28
Droplet-microfluidics-assisted sequencing of HIV proviruses and their integration sites in cells from people on antiretroviral therapy	27
A deep-learning model for transforming the style of tissue images from cryosectioned to formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded	27
Simultaneous quantitative imaging of two PET radiotracers via the detection of positron–electron annihilation and prompt gamma emissions	27
Quantitative imaging of apoptosis following oncolytic virotherapy by magnetic resonance fingerprinting aided by deep learning	27
Rapid single-cell physical phenotyping of mechanically dissociated tissue biopsies	27
Universal redirection of CAR T cells against solid tumours via membrane-inserted ligands for the CAR	26
Immunization against Zika by entrapping live virus in a subcutaneous self-adjuvanting hydrogel	26
Reduction of mtDNA heteroplasmy in mitochondrial replacement therapy by inducing forced mitophagy	26
A swallowable X-ray dosimeter for the real-time monitoring of radiotherapy	25
In-ear integrated sensor array for the continuous monitoring of brain activity and of lactate in sweat	25
Optimization of the proliferation and persistency of CAR T cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells	24
Cooperative phagocytosis of solid tumours by macrophages triggers durable anti-tumour responses	24
Synchronized wearables for the detection of haemodynamic states via electrocardiography and multispectral photoplethysmography	24
Collagen-binding peptides for the enhanced imaging, lubrication and regeneration of osteoarthritic articular cartilage	24
A cutaneous mechanoneural interface for neuroprosthetic feedback	23
Smartwatch data help detect COVID-19	23
A portable single-sided magnetic-resonance sensor for the grading of liver steatosis and fibrosis	23
Intravascularly infused extracellular matrix as a biomaterial for targeting and treating inflamed tissues	23
Unbiased discovery of autoantibodies associated with severe COVID-19 via genome-scale self-assembled DNA-barcoded protein libraries	23
Reprogramming of fibroblasts into expandable cardiovascular progenitor cells via small molecules in xeno-free conditions	22
Cas9-mediated replacement of expanded CAG repeats in a pig model of Huntington’s disease	22
Diagnostic assessment of glaucoma and non-glaucomatous optic neuropathies via optical texture analysis of the retinal nerve fibre layer	22
Surgical polarimetric endoscopy for the detection of laryngeal cancer	22
Tackling prediction uncertainty in machine learning for healthcare	22
Fluorescence lifetime of injected indocyanine green as a universal marker of solid tumours in patients	22
A soft robotic sleeve mimicking the haemodynamics and biomechanics of left ventricular pressure overload and aortic stenosis	22
Elimination of acquired resistance to PD-1 blockade via the concurrent depletion of tumour cells and immunosuppressive cells	21
Regeneration of infarcted mouse hearts by cardiovascular tissue formed via the direct reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts	21
Lipid nanoparticles for the inhalation of mRNA	21
Pathogen-specific antimicrobials engineered de novo through membrane-protein biomimicry	21
Screening hydrogels for antifibrotic properties by implanting cellularly barcoded alginates in mice and a non-human primate	20
Biomaterial-induced conversion of quiescent cardiomyocytes into pacemaker cells in rats	20
A hydrogel-based mechanical metamaterial for the interferometric profiling of extracellular vesicles in patient samples	20
Modelling ciliopathy phenotypes in human tissues derived from pluripotent stem cells with genetically ablated cilia	20
In vivo tracking of unlabelled mesenchymal stromal cells by mannose-weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI	19
Adaptive adversarial neural networks for the analysis of lossy and domain-shifted datasets of medical images	19
Computational modelling of perivascular-niche dynamics for the optimization of treatment schedules for glioblastoma	19
A library of base editors for the precise ablation of all protein-coding genes in the mouse mitochondrial genome	19
Screening for lipid nanoparticles that modulate the immune activity of helper T cells towards enhanced antitumour activity	19