Frontiers of Architectural Research

Article	Citations
Collineation measurement: A method for constructing the imperial citadel of Thang Long in harmony with nature	96
“Interface-element-perception” model to evaluation of urban sidewalk visual landscape in the core area of Beijing	92
Research on styles and characteristics of Sino-Western hybrid ancestral halls in modern Jiangnan	60
Evaluation of perceived value and behavioral intentions of citizens in Chinese commercially open communities: A case study of Liuyun Community	51
Fitting equations for the sorption isotherms of cement mortar with salt spray deposition	46
Acculturation and translation: Modern architectural heritage of Zhongshan Park in Xiamen from typological perspective	45
Spatio-temporal continuity in post-earthquake architecture of Francesco Venezia's anomalous monuments in the Belice Valley	41
Choice preferences in drum tower design among the Dong people: Evidence from the five villages in Guangxi, China	40
Water as a common reference for monastic lives and spaces in Cistercian and Han Buddhist monasteries	40
Reimagining tourism pedestrian street aesthetics through machine learning: Understanding the role of spatial form based on a case study in Luoyang, China	36
Optimising thermal performance of steel façades through self-shading: Calibration, sensitivity analysis, and climatic implications	35
Kentos: Socio-ecologies of care	33
Ritual, Ceremony, Dwelling: A function-space analysis of Iranian columned Halls from Hasanlu to Pasargadae (1300–540 BC)	33
An integrated and adaptive spatial module organized around inner courtyard for ash interment chamber in public columbaria: Insights from Nanjing	32
AI approaches to architectural design	32
Deciphering built form complexity of Chinese cities through plot recognition: A case study of Nanjing, China	31
Solar radiation-based method for early design stages to balance daylight and thermal comfort in office buildings	31
Resulting of pedigree and topology of centripetal spatial schema in Chinese traditional cities	31
Neurological benefits of third places for young adults in healthy urban environments	31
Landscape transparency: An approach to elucidating and harmonizing contradictions in contemporary landscape design	30
Neurodiverse-friendly preschools: Aligning inclusive pedagogy and spatial design	29
Residential satisfaction as a socio-technical process: Actant networks in multihousehold family dwellings in Oran, Algeria	28
Impacts of corridor design: An investigation on occupant perception of corridor forms in elderly facilities	28
Exploring the synergy of building massing and façade design through evolutionary optimization	27
Influence of built environment and user experience on the waterfront vitality of historical urban areas: A case study of the Qinhuai River in Nanjing, China	27

Experience-oriented landscape character assessment for scenic roads: A perceptual-cognitive complementary approach	27
Unveiling the potential of space syntax approach for revitalizing historic urban areas: A case study of Yushan Historic District, China	26
AI enabled virtual architecture restoration research: A study of Tang and Song period zhang zang architectural representations in the Ba Shu rock carvings	26
Using social sensing to evaluate the effect of spatial planning: A case study of Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration in China	25
Expression and communication in architecture philosophy of vernacular architecture of the Yorubas in Nigeria	25
Associative cultural landscape approach to interpreting traditional ecological wisdom: A case of Inuit habitat	25
Valorising Ikseon-dong's Hanok residence as a heritage place	24
A systematic method of generating hinged tessellations by adding hinged plates based on dual graphs	24
Has behaviour left housing design? A literature review and research agenda	23
Investigating preferences and influencing factors of age-friendly housing environments across different age groups using the Delphi-Kano model and entropy weight TOPSIS method	23
Linear cultural heritage eco-cultural spatial system: A case study of the Great Tea Route in Shanxi	23
Design method based on modularization and customization for rural dwellings: A case study in Nanjing, China	23
Interscalable material microstructure organization in performance-based computational design	22
AI for conceptual architecture: Reflections on designing with text-to-text, text-to-image, and image-to-image generators	22
Fire detection strategies for heritage buildings in different microclimates: A case study of Baoguo Monastery in Ningbo, China	22
Study on the spatiotemporal evolution of urban spatial structure in Nanjing's main urban area: A coupling study of POI and nighttime light data	21
Panagiotissa through the layers of time: The Archive's memory of repairs and the present condition of the structure (1691-todate)	21
Urban livability in socially disadvantaged neighborhoods: The experience of the German program “socially integrative city”	21
The interaction of history and modern thought in the creation of Iran's architecture by investigating the approaches of past-oriented architecture	21
An interactive approach for generating spatial architecture layout based on graph theory	21
Spatiotemporal heterogeneity in built environment impacts on urban mobility: Insights from calendar events and new towns in Beijing	20
Energy-efficient virtual sensor-based deep reinforcement learning control of indoor CO2 in a kindergarten	20
Investigating the influential post-disaster factors in determining the optimal location of shelters: A case study, Sarpol-e Zahab, Kermanshah province, Iran	20
Spatial thermal comfort autonomy (sTCA) for corridor–atrium buildings in cold-climate high-density contexts: UTCI-based multi-objective optimisation and sensitivity analysis	20
The architecture of the (post) studio: Jackson Pollock's barn and Andy Warhol's Silver Factory	19
From Wagner to Wagner: reminiscences of the Bayreuth Festspielhaus in the reconstruction of the Carlo Felice Opera House in Genoa	19
Self-adaptability and topological deformation of Ganlan architectural heritage: Conservation and regeneration of Lianghekou Tujia village in Western Hubei, China	18
A spatiotemporal analytical framework for non-statutory heritage in the global south: Constructing methodology from rural industrial heritage in Jiangsu, China	18
The interactive process of cultural landscape: Taking the trails around Zhengqi Pavilion as an example	18
A comparative study on the spatial vitality of national squares: A visualization analysis based on multi-source data	18
The mechanism of block form diversification in urban morphological transformation: Case study of grid blocks in Beijing, China	17
Architectural graphics and the experience of space. Freehand drawing and photograph to deepen on communicative qualities in linear perspective	17
Spatial evolution and adaptive conservation of Tibetan vernacular architecture along the Gannan section of the Taomin–Chang'an ancient road, China	17
A study on the global sensitivity of early-stage design parameters on energy consumption in classroom buildings of Beijing’s universities	17
The first scientific plan of the Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba: Graphic and dimensional analysis of an oil painting from 1741	17
Performance comparison of deep reinforcement robot-arm learning in sequential fabrication of rule-based building design form	16
Reframing the “H” in HBIM: from systematic review to UML-based conceptual modeling	16
Architecture as intercultural practice: A study on the integration of vernacular architecture in a multi-ethnic region of Southwest China	16
Improving thermal comfort in mosques of hot-humid climates through passive and low-energy design strategies	16
The effect of horizontal elements and building orientation on PM2.5 concentration in classrooms	15
Not really an aftermath. The role of actual construction in the design process of the Sydney Opera House roof	15
Material Engagement Theory and urban formation: Notes towards a theoretical synthesis	15
Investigation of Pirnia's orientation theory (Roon) in Yazd Qajar houses	15
Geometry-based graphical methods for solar control in architecture: A digital framework	15
Study examines spatial composition of vernacular opera stage courtyards in China's Ba shu region	14
Uncovering spatiotemporal impacts of landscape patterns on urban carbon emissions: Evidence from machine learning and case study in Wuhan	14
Urban vitality transfer: Analysis of 50 factors based on 24-h weekday activity in Nanjing	13
Outdoor amenities in residential complexes: A comparative analysis of Pre-1990s and Post-1990s developments of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia	13
Projecting resistance: A study on the architectural practice strategies of Kunming's Nanping Theater in 1939	13
Instrumentalization of the fluidity phenomenon in architectural design	13

Impact of floor plans on visibility among healthcare members in inpatient care units: Employing agent-based simulation and social network analysis	13
Analyzing image recognition characteristics in landscape architecture: A study using eye tracking with a focus on educational perspectives	13
Study on the distance from green space and social capital of community residents based on the development of smart city—take the city of Lansing as an example	12
How site-specific spatial morphology influences healthy activities in urban green spaces: A case study of Lovers' Garden	12
A multifractal method based on Spacematrix type units for analysing cross-scale characteristics of urban morphology	12
The transforming spatial structure of İstanbul's historic shipyards: An investigation in terms of conservation, use, and sustainability	12
Linking urban morphology to the spatial differentiation of street-level visual exposure	12
A triangular architectural relation model among sustainability, beauty, and power	11
A wood-wood joining system suitable for digital fabrication and its application in the design of a “wood-only” spatial module	11
Performance-based firefighting in dense historic settlements: An exploration of a firefighting approach combining value and risk assessment with numerical simulation	11
Editing landscapes: Experimental frameworks for territorial-based robotic fabrication	11
When the frontier lost the Great Wall: The spatial planning of the Northern Song Northwest Fortress System	11
Current design guidelines’ streetscape improvement for visual perception and walkability: A case study of Sejong City, Republic of Korea	11
From grain to geometry: A framework for material-informed woodcraft supported by vision transformers	10
A generative artificial intelligence approach to modular skeletal framework modeling: Bamboo stilt houses as a case study	10
Enhancing pedestrian satisfaction in central metro station areas: A 3-dimensional impact-asymmetry analysis across three functional TOD typologies	10
Designing for well-Being: Using facial micro-expression analysis and EEG biosensor to evaluate human responses to 2D biophilically-driven geometries	10
How to generate a museum floor plan: LoRA for diffusion models, or GANs?	10
Spatial sight analysis of Hangzhou Xiaoyingzhou based on tourists' landscape preference	10
Optimal design strategy of traditional courtyard based on performance and data-driven method—A case study of Yanshen ancient town, China	10
Revealing connectivity in residential Architecture: An algorithmic approach to extracting adjacency matrices from floor plans	10
Cultural heritage tourism and urban regeneration: The case of Fez Medina in Morocco	10
The impact of biophilic design in Maggie’s Centres: A meta-synthesis analysis	10
Does architectural design require single-objective or multi-objective optimisation? A critical choice with a comparative study between model-based algorithms and genetic algorithms	10
Diagnosing bottlenecks in sports space satisfaction of commercial complexes based on IPA analysis and accurate enhancement strategies: A case study of Shanghai, China	9
Revitalizing industrial territories in Ukraine: Spatial model of the tourism cluster in the Prydniprovsk region	9
Evolution of the “Golden Royal City”: Analytical study on urban forms of ancient capital cities in Myanmar	9
Recapturing meaning: Toward a new material-based design theory for architecture	9
Tea–Chan culture in shaping garden spaces: Intermedial strategies for engaging literati in Buddhist temples of the Tang and Song dynasties	9
Digital and physical materiality in contemporary architectural design: A material engagement approach	9
The influence of calculation error of hourly marine meteorological parameter on building energy consumption calculation	9
The key spatial elements and high-density development of urban peninsula: A discussion on the relationship between core and cape	9
Designing with nature: Advancing three-dimensional green spaces in architecture through frameworks for biophilic design and sustainability	9
Rethinking the basic plan types of architecture	9
Mapping all-sky diurnal air temperature in hot-humid area using an adaptive multiscale data fusion approach: a case study in Guangzhou	9
3D extrusion of multi-biomaterial lattices using an environmentally informed workflow	9
Digital heritage construction: Testing the heritage value of construction documentation and building processes through Virtual Reality	8
Alternative path to modernization: Research on three construction types in wartime Chongqing	8
Spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of pop-up activities in Beijing based on artistic ecosystem framework	8
Comprehensive improvement of energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality for university library atrium—A multi-objective fast optimization framework	8
Cognitive preferences for architectural renovation strategies in traditional villages combining subjective evaluation and eye tracking	8
Neglected vertical linkage: A study on the form of the canal network in the Huainan Salt Area during the Ming and Qing dynasties using space syntax measurements	8
Simulation study of non-traveling pedestrian traffic in high-speed railway station areas: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta	8
Micro-resilience assessment tool for living streets: Development, testing, and application in Chinese Jiangnan’s small and medium-sized cities	8
The appropriation of autopoiesis in architecture	8
Spatial characteristics of defensive traditional architecture in multiethnic village of Guangxi: Case studies of Mozhuang Village and Guxietun Village	8
A case study of the railway line: Speculative urbanism and the urban planning process in Nairobi, Kenya	8
Morphological typology pedigree of centripetal spatial schema in traditional Chinese settlements	8
Quantifying the quality of outdoor space in high-intensity residential areas: A case study of Nanjing in China	8
Action/reaction: Neighbourhood improvement and informal morphogenesis between urban interventions and informal settlements in Ibero-America	7
Simulation and optimization of pedestrian environments in urban residential neighborhoods based on agent-based modeling	7
Reimagining synergy between architects and computational systems: Insights from web-based generative design applications	7
Day–night vitality modeling in waterfront industrial heritage across demographics	7
Understanding the neighborhoods’ in-between spaces on spatial perception, social interaction, and security	7
Assessing the environmental impacts of circular economy strategies on multi-residential buildings in Quebec, Canada: a case study approach	7
A methodological framework for adaptive reuse integrating structural and spatial coordination: Evidence from the Xiaoxihu Historic Block, Nanjing, China	7
Design and mechanism of building responsive skins: State-of-the-art and systematic analysis	7
A cognitive model and data-driven technology path for conservation planning in Chinese residential historic areas	7
Exploring thermal comfort for the older adults: A comparative study in Dalian City's diverse living environments	7
Computational and conceptual blends: Material considerations and agency in a multi-material design workflow	7
Problematizing the model-building duality: Examining the New Sacristy at S. Lorenzo, Florence, Italy	7
Designing a retractable roof module based on the kinematics of Class IV mechanism	7
Monitoring the transformation in New Cairo's urban vitality and the accompanying social and economic phenomena	7
From fiction to UGC: Intermedial production of nostalgia in urbanising China through multimodal embedding	7
A constructal poly-narrative of architectural and urban practices and theories across history	7
Campus squares are significantly associated with students’ emotions: A multimodal field experiment approach	6
Contemporary construction in historical sites: The missing factors	6
Placemaking through perception: Measuring walkability and cultural identity in industrial heritage streets	6
A Stanislavskian and Barthesian deconstructive analysis of Thinking Architecture of Peter Zumthor: The case of Therme Vals	6
The correlation between spatial vitality and multi-alienation in the exterior spaces of large-scale public buildings: A case study of three sites in Shanghai	6
Contemplative neuroaesthetics and architecture: A sensorimotor exploration	6
A generative algorithm for design and construction of residential units using the PeyDal 2D modular system	6
The Unconventional Village model and its application as a computational design method for compact communities in rural China	6
Assessing urban park services for children's wellbeing using user-generated content (UGC): A case study of Shanghai, China	6
Analysis of the impact of the new European Bauhaus movement on sustainable architectural aesthetics and social inclusion	6
Current status and research progress in architectural programming: A comparative analysis between China and other countries	6
“Design nature”: A color interpretation of Bauhaus school building in Dessau and its conceptual origins	6
Environmental–behavior interactions in older adults' bathroom activities: An OLS fixed-effects analysis using motion capture data	6
Vernacular heritage for an underlying principle of unity in the architectural process	6
Both walls and embankments: Flood control construction strategies and characteristics of Yellow River floodplain cities in the Ming Dynasty	6

Quantifying walkability's non-linear and synergistic effect on metro station area vitality: An empirical study in Shanghai	6
Multi-objective optimization of spatial morphology for highrise residential buildings in cold-climate regions of China	6
Creative interior design matching the indoor structure generated through diffusion model with an improved control network	6
Identifying a research gap in relation to family and domestic violence accommodation design within Victoria, Australia: A systematic review	6
A cultural geographic perspective on the site selection of Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in mountainous regions of China	6
The Hutong neighbourhood grammar: A procedural modelling approach to unravel the rationale of historical Beijing urban structure	5
Diagnosis of the constructive pathologies of a masonry bridge: the case of the New Bridge of Ronda, Spain.	5
Drag2Build++: A drag-based 3D architectural mesh editing workflow based on differentiable surface modeling	5
Nonlinear effects of built environment on living street vitality considering spatial heterogeneity: Evidence from Xiamen Island, China	5
Balancing priorities: An importance-performance analysis of architectural heritage protection in China's historical cities	5
Editorial	5
Traditional village preservation status evaluation and optimization based on YOLOv10 and random forest model—take the Tibetan-Qiang region in northwest Sichuan as an example	5
Assessing sustainable practices in architecture: A data-driven analysis of LEED certification adoption and impact in top firms from 2000 to 2023	5
Performance analysis and optimization of the buoyancy-driven ventilation in the courtyard building	5
Spatial patterns of residents’ daily activity space and its influencing factors based on the CatBoost model: A case study of Nanjing, China	5
A study of the inhibitory effect and mechanism of airflow regarding mould on building surfaces	5
A hypothetical comparative evaluation system for arctic indoors	5
Ordinary Urban Heritage of Rattanakosin: Ordinary restaurants and everyday foods of the historic center of Bangkok	5
Understanding pedestrian behavior and spatial relations: A pedestrianized area in Besiktas, Istanbul	5
The construction wisdom and inheritance mechanism of human settlements unit in Xizang border in China: A case study of Kejia Village in Ali	5
The long-run estimation role of industrial parks on the level of sustainability in Iran and Turkey	5
A study on the form contemporary developments of Tabriz leather and shoe Bazaar (marketplace) from the late Qajar to current period	5
The morphological evolution of Chinese urban cemeteries from the perspective of fringe belt: A case study of Nanjing	5
Decoding the spatial experience of the Nanjing museum cluster: A computational aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA)	5
Architectonic writing or how to write in the digital: AGI, custom search engines, and the rise of digital characters	5
Between social and sustainable: A collaborative wood upcycling design process integrating AI and mixed reality tools	5
Building cognition through material engagement	5
The impact of narrative dissonance on landscape reconstruction methodologies in post-conflict Mosul	5
From defence to heritage: Assessing the values of fortified settlements in Türkiye through the ICOFORT charter	5
Cultivating more-than-human care: Exploring bird watching as a landscaping practice on the example of sand martins and flooded gravel pits	5
Global analysis in 258 mid- and high-rise mass timber buildings: Structural classifications, core system, architectural design, and emerging practice	5
Unpacking the “wow” experience: Exploring profound emotional responses to evocative works of architecture	4
A new form-evolving approach for adaptive tree-like structures using feature region principal stress lines method	4
Trajectories of design-driven research in architecture: A conceptual framework for practice-based inquiry	4
Socioeconomic performance of in-between open spaces in a post-socialist city of Tirana, Albania	4
Spatial structure and accessibility of urban parks: A multi-scale integration of GIS and space syntax in Xi'an	4
From the backyard to collective gardens in the “blue-courtyard”: Reversing the process of upgrading historic timber-framed courtyard buildings in Madrid	4
An analysis of Rem Koolhaas's discourses on architecture and urban design using a corpus-based model	4
Auditory and olfactory comfort in temporary urban events: Effects on affective valence and perceived crowd stress in a high-density city	4
The walking friendliness of ladder trails for the elderly: An empirical study in Chongqing	4
Analysis and constructing the formation of volumetric light space in the works of Louis I. Kahn	4
Study on the gene mapping and formation mechanism of historical buildings influenced by multiculturalism: A case of Gulangyu, China	4
Modeling of wind-driven rain absorption ratio of building exterior finishing materials based on field measurements	4
Passive cooling techniques in medieval Indian stepwells	4
Exploring entry-exit correlation coefficient (EEC) as new quantitative social activities performance measurement of public space: The case of Dilworth Park, Philadelphia	4
Exploring the relationship-oriented spaces of social networks and depressive symptoms among older adults	4
Scale-sensitive urban vitality diagnosis and sub-district vitality–aging mismatch: A multi-source framework for age-friendly urban renewal in Nanjing, China	4
Quantifying the link between industrialization, urbanization, and economic growth over Kenya	4
ArchiWeb: A web platform for AI-driven early-stage architectural design	4
The architectural characteristics of the traditional castles in Al-Hejaz, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Shanqal Castle as a case study	4
Line-Area-Point, a framework for quantitative and qualitative analysis of regional architectural culture: The case of architecture in Jiangsu, China	4
Morphogenic processes of adaptability and interconnectedness between urban interventions and informal settlements	4
A growing system: Constituent elements and spatial evolution of ancient local Confucian temples in China	4
Novel 3D printable yeast-based materials for architectural applications	4
Unraveling the legacy of estancias: Territorial development and housing transformations in Buenos Aires	4
Tibetan Archive: Exploring meta-ethnic intangible cultural heritage through VR gamification and AI-driven public education	4
Promoting conservation or change? The UNESCO label of world heritage (re)shaping urban morphology in the Old Town of Lijiang, China	4
Is there a need for new kitchen design? Assessing the adaptative capacity of space to enable circularity in multiresidential buildings	4
Classroom planning from the viewpoints of spatial configuration and children's learning: a case study on “education campuses” in Vienna	3
Proposition and design of a new Micro-Architected Domes family: A biomimicry-based approach	3
Demre St. Nicholas Church: Russian repairs and conservation in the longest century	3
Perceptual shifts in shrinking cities: Streetscape elements shaping external observers’ views of decline	3
Scenario-based assessment and prediction of community public service facilities’ relation to resident activity patterns	3
Mapping urban greenery: The spatial relationship among NDVI, GVI, and greenery perceptions of social media in Rotterdam	3
Reflection and importance of user interventions in changes and or transformations in temporary housing after the earthquake	3
Walking as soft mobility: A multi-criteria GIS-based approach for prioritizing tourist routes	3
Fostering inclusive arid cities: Spatial analysis of urban form and social sustainability in Bechar, Algeria	3
A framework for rural spatial governance based on the eco-environment oriented development mode: The case of coal mining subsidence area on the Weibei Plateau	3
Courtyard design impact on indoor thermal comfort and utility costs for residential households: Comparative analysis and deep-learning predictive model	3
Influence of misting system on the thermal environment and thermal comfort of seated people in semi-outdoor space in Xi'an, China	3
Effects of urban greenway built-environment on spatio-temporal pedestrian activity patterns: Insights from the Dasha River Greenway, Shenzhen, China	3
Revisiting the effects of the built environment on place attachment: Individual's emotion and perceived built environment as mediators	3
Investigating the impacts of urban built environments on users of multiple services in elderly care facilities	3
Evolving public perceptions of the renewal of Suzhou neighborhood centers: An integrated sentiment and topic modeling framework	3
An integrated computational method for calculating dynamic thermal bridges of building facades in tropical countries	3
Placemaking for social cohesion and economic vitality: The role of urban design in transforming local markets in Pakistan	3
Optimization of space elements in high-speed railway hubs based on passenger activity chains of whole travel process and multi-scenario simulation	3
Revealing urban lingering pattern at lake front: A spatial information mapping approach through public participatory GIS	3
Exploring a spatial-experiential structure within the Chinese literati garden: The Master of the Nets Garden as a case study	3
The virtual-real measurement of Chinese garden impression: A quantitative analysis of cognitive experience of Jiangnan gardens with virtual reality experiments	3
Generative AI models for different steps in architectural design: A literature review	3
ArchiBuilder: A virtual reality-based gamified experience design for architectural images in Dunhuang murals	3
Flexible high-rise apartments with sparse wall-frame structure: A data-driven computational approach	3
Architectural programming for a Mongolian medical hospital prep center driven by process flow and behavioral requirements	3
The emotional structuring of the Andean territory: Mapping embodied narratives in Coporaque, Peru	3
Marginalized Modern Architectural Heritage in Indonesia: The case of transformator huisje (gardu listrik) architecture of the Nederlandsche Indisch era	3
Gender differences in air movement preference after moderate-intensity exercise	3
Architectural features and typological analysis of historical Syriac churches in Mardin rural area	3
Analysis of COUM's constituent elements and measurement using a multidimensional matrix: An urban morphology perspective based on building blocks	3
Utilizing remembrance in architecture: Innovative design strategies for converting schools into nursing homes—Evidence from China and Japan	3
Investigating visual stress within family and domestic violence refuges in Australia	3
Unpacking visual perception of urban public space using social media images and street view imagery: Insights from Singapore riverfront	3
A typology of clustered housing for older adults towards opportunities for social interaction: A case study of Dutch social housing	3
Global sensitivity analysis and multi-objective optimization for comprehensive performances of movable cultural and tourism pods with electrochromic windows	3
A performance-based generative design framework based on a design grammar for high-rise office towers during early design stage	3