OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The median citation count of Surface Topography-Metrology and Properties is 2. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2022-01-01 to 2026-01-01.)

Article	Citations
Measurement of wear on additive manufactured surfaces via precision metrology and image processing techniques	57
Tribological behaviour of a hyperlox coating deposited over nitrided martensitic stainless steel	53
Analysis of co-relation on LPBF process parameter on wear characteristics of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy	37
Comparison of the wear behavior and surface properties of zirconia and resin-based CAD/CAM restorative materials after different sandblasting procedures	34
The effect of microstructural and texture evolutions during thermomechanical treatment on corrosion resistance of 310s austenitic stainless steel	32
Effect of ultrasonic surface rolling process on the impact wear behavior of Inconel 690 alloy at 25 °C and 300 °C	27
Numerical investigation on tribological performance of the surface-textured finger seal under dry friction conditions	25
Lubrication and wear characteristics of bionic composite texture on friction pair under seawater condition	24
Scatterometric defect measurements – uncertainty assessment by means of a virtual instrument and a statistical analysis	22
Visualisation of surface coating distribution patterns on modified CaCO ₃	21
Enhancing the surface, structure, and performance of fused filament manufactured thermoplastic materials for sustainable manufacturing	21
Exploring the wear mechanism of surface hardfacing Stellite 6 alloy on the cast iron over the wide temperature range	21
Effects of friction stir welding process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA8090—T87 aluminium alloy	19
Experimental investigation on simultaneous machining of EDM and ECM with different electrode materials	19
Linearizing the vertical scale of an interferometric microscope and its effect on step-height measurement	18
Microscopic fringe projection profilometry systems in Scheimpflug condition and performance comparison	18
Surface dynamics and electrochemical examination of Co₃O₄ films by iron doping	18
Finite element modeling of non-Gaussian rough surfaces with nonlinear plastic hardening	17
Effect of nitriding temperature and its effects on the corrosion and wear resistance of 304 austenitic stainless steel	16
Effect of normal load on the tribo-corrosion behaviors of 20CrMnTi alloy steel	16
The tribological properties of PPS-PTFE/SiO₂ coating deposited on the textured surfaces processed by ultrasonic rolling	15
A numerical method for generation of shot peened surfaces	15
Impact of surface texturing on the tribological behaviour of aluminium-silicon (Al-Si/Al ₂ O ₃ ) a	15
Effect of LN ₂ and CO ₂ Coolants in hard turning of AISI 4340 steel using tungsten carbide tool	14
Mechanical and tribological properties of 5A06 aluminum alloy at low temperature	14

Effect of ultrasonic shot peening on microstructure and surface corrosion resistance of WEDM-machined Ti6Al4V alloy	14
Effect of Fungus, Aspergillus sp. F1-1, on the corrosion behavior of PCB-HASL in humid atmospheric environment	13
Emerging machine learning strategies for diminishing measurement uncertainty in SPM nanometrology	13
Machine learning-driven prediction of Gaussian curvature deviation in reverse engineered freeform surfaces	12
The influence of tool’s surface topography on mechanical properties of injection moulded product	12
Microstructural characterization and wear behavior of plasma-sprayed Alumina-Titania coated SS 316L via SLM fabrication	12
Effect of bionic texture on the lubrication efficiency and mechanical efficiency loss for rotating gears	12
Surface textures modulate tactile perception	12
Shape influence on the tribological properties of hexagonal boron nitride nanoplates and nanospheres reinforced epoxy coating	12
Effect of pulse electroplating parameters on the morphology and corrosion resistance of Ag plating coating	11
Effects of multi-layer Ti₃C₂T_x nanosheets on compression strength and abrasion resistance of concrete	11
Intercomparison to validate implementations of different laboratories of algorithms for the analysis of surface texture	11
Effect of pinless friction stir processing on microstructure and properties of surface modification layer of 2024 aluminum alloy	11
Nanoprecipitates enhanced wear resistance of laser powder bed fusion-processed high-strength Al−Cu−Mg−Si−Ti alloy	11
Molecular dynamics simulations and analyzation of Cu deposited on stainless steel substrate surfaces	11
Fabrication of hydrophobic optical diffuser film for LED lights through induction-aided hot embossing using micro-textured mold fabricated by μ-WEDM: parametric analysis, wettability study and	11
Morphology and corrosion behavior of ZnO passive films for galvanized steel applications: effects of anodizing parameters	10
Smart defect identification for manufacturing applications	10
Superior properties and behaviour of coatings produced on nanostructured titanium by PEO coupled with the EPD process	10
Evaluating scanning electron microscopy for the measurement of small-scale topography	10
Influences of cryogenically treated work material on near-dry wire-cut electrical discharge machining process	10
Abrasive wear behavior in dry condition of a plasticity-induced transformation steel	10
Axial peak extraction in the measurement of subsurface structures with annular illumination confocal microscopy	10
Enhancement of tribological and mechanical properties of TiB ₂ - Co cladded layer developed by tungsten inert gas cladding on AISI 1020 Steel	10
Research on self-healing characteristic and state prediction method of the copper based powder metallurgy materials on friction interface	10
A tribological study of tire-road contact: roles of rubber deposition and tire-road wear particle generation	10
Effects of niobium pentoxide nanoparticles on the tribological properties of electrodeposited ZnNi coatings	10
Use of synthetic Fe ₃ O ₄ -rich tribofilms to investigate the effect of microconstituents, tempera	10
Corrosion and wear performance and mechanism study of ZrB₂/AA6016	10
A comprehensive study on the metallurgical aspects of surface integrity in machined 304L stainless steel under various cooling and lubrication conditions	9
Influence of laser-processed volcanic edge rectangular textures on the water lubrication performance of UHMWPE	9
AFM characterization of morphological evolution and adhesion properties of ZnO/C nanosheet-modified asphalt under UV irradiation	9
Synergistic anti-wear performance of zinc-rich epoxy coating on shot peening strengthened Q345 steel	9
Graffiti Removal on Historic Brick: Assessing Micro-Abrasive Cleaning Performance and the Challenges of Preserving Surface Texture	9
Generation mechanism and anti-friction effect evaluation of continuous micro-groove texture machined by ball-end milling process	9
Dynamic response and roughness control of surface materials on TC4 titanium alloy subjected to laser shock wave planishing	9
Quantitative characterization of nanowire verticality using SEM images	9
Study on the mixed lubrication of rough planar extrusion considering surface texture	9
AI-based spatiotemporal analysis of sinkhole-related surface depressions in Karapınar, Türkiye using satellite imagery	8
Geomorphometry for Studying Model and Experimental Surface Data	8
Impact of voltage variation on topography, hydrophobicity, and corrosion behavior of the CeO₂-TiO₂ nanocomposite coating on AM60B Mg alloy prepared by plasma electrolyte oxidatio	8
Effect of thermal cyclic corrosion on the microstructural degradation of platinum aluminide coatings	8
A roughness calculation method based on milling topography simulation	8
Statistical analysis and ANN modelling of tribological performance of aluminium hybrid composites fabricated by PM method	8
Erosion behaviour of micro and nanostructured Cr₃C₂NiCrBSi coating on IN718 alloy via HVOF processing	7
Research on the applicability of color vision-based roughness inspection method	7
Tribocorrosion studies on DLC films with silver nanoparticles for prosthesis applications	7
Investigation of microstructure and tribological properties of titanium-aluminide reinforced aluminum matrix composite friction surfaced on AA1050 aluminum	7
Optimization of tribological behaviour of TiO ₂ nanoparticles reinforced AA7178 alloy matrix using ANN and Taguchi’s methodology	7
Optimization and effect of B ₄ C/Al ₂ O ₃ with	7

Mechanical and tribological behavior of friction stir processed AZ61/egg shell powder/WS ₂ Hybrid surface composite	7
Comparative study on tribological behavior of foil journal bearings with micro pocket	7
Experimental investigation on micro ED milling of inconel alloy with SiC nano powder mixed Pongamia BD at different parametric condition	7
Phase-shifting digital holographic microscopy for microstructure measurement by sweeping the repetition rate of femtosecond laser	7
Anti-corrosion, anti-bacterial and durable atmospheric weatherability of polydimethylsiloxane coating with intrinsic hydrophobicity	7
Accurate superposition modeling method of grinding-shot peening surfaces	7
In-situ CLSM characterization of deformation and fracture behavior of (Cu, Cr) metal thin films on flexible substrates	7
The effect of the surface morphology of the aluminium oxide layer on the physical and bacterial attachment behavior	7
Efficient algorithm for thermal nondestructive testing and evaluation by considering the heteroscedastic nature of noise sources in infrared thermography	7
Microstructure and corrosion performance of plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on the surface of conventional and selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy	7
Effect of Mesophase particles on the Electrographite carbon brush tribology behavior under no-load condition	7
Study on the relationship between unevenness perception and fingertip characteristics measurement by using optical coherence tomography	7
Influence of swift heavy ion irradiation on structure and morphology of La_0.25Pr_0.375Ca_0.375MnO₃ film	6
On communicating extruded aluminium surface quality along the supply chain – a customer approach to sustainable surfaces	6
Influence and mechanism of biomimetic surface micro-textured topology on the evolution of material friction and wear behavior	6
Site-controlled preparation of metallic microstructures via mechanical scratch-induced selective electrodeposition	6
The investigation of wear properties of nanoparticle-reinforced epoxy composite material surfaces	6
Influence of sequential machining process on the surface topography of dies	6
Surface analysis in additive manufacturing: a systematic literature review regarding powder bed fusion processes	6
Wear performance of FeCuMoTiV high entropy alloy coatings by laser cladding	6
Comprehensive profile and areal calibration by additively manufactured material measures	6
Synergistic performance of expanded graphite—mica amalgamation based non-asbestos copper-free brake friction composites	6
Deposition processing and surface metrology of MoNx thin films by design of experiment and single variable (nitrogen flow rate) methods	6
An investigation into the effects of prosthesis relevant surfaces on the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms	6
Effect of build orientation on wear and erosion behavior of maraging steel processed by powder bed fusion using laser beam (PBF-LB)	6
Influence of contact angle on droplet parameters in ellipsoidal wettability model	6
Robust surface profile envelope estimation using a beam-surface contact model	6
Surface characterization of Asian lacquers using surface metrology and data science: introducing the roughness spectrum	6
Parameter identification by eigenfeature analysis: application to 2D Kuramoto-Sivashinsky surface models	6
Study on dynamic behavior of atomic diffusion at interface between TiAlN coating and WC matrix	6
Fluorine-free and ultra-thin films prepared by RF-PECVD method for the anticorrosive applications	6
One-step hydrothermal preparation of corrosion-resistant coatings with microsphere structure	6
Thickness measurement of thin films using atomic force microscopy based scratching	6
Recognition of grinding surface roughness grade based on adversarial domain adaptation under variable illumination	6
Study on the wear performance of 304 stainless steel aerospace joint bearings	6
Research on microstructure evolution and surface quality of WEDM for magnetic refrigerant rare-earth gadolinium	6
Determination of local fractal dimension of the catalyst support MgAl₂O₄ surface	6
Bio-inspired Herringbone Grooved surface topographies and their effect on gas foil journal bearing performance	5
Analysis of the effect of texturing parameters on the static characteristics of radial rigid bore aerodynamic journal bearings	5
Rotary barrel tumbling as a method of surface preparation for pin-on-disc wear testing samples	5
Investigation of surface roughness and material removal rate of WEDM of SS304 using ANOVA and regression models	5
Non-integral model-based scatterometry for CD metrology of single high-aspect-ratio microstructures	5
Exploring the morphology and bioactivity of bioglass-iron oxide coatings on Ti6Al4V implants via electrophoretic deposition	5
The effects of micro-texture shape on serrated chip geometry in the hardened steel AISI D2 cutting process	5
A new grinding surface roughness measurement method based on image quality algorithm and BP neural network	5
Ultrasonic Nanocrystal Surface Modification and Its Impact on the Tribological Properties of Alloys: A Conceptual Classification Review	5
Texture, gloss and color variation and perceived quality of surfaces - the challenge with sustainable plastic materials in car interior design	5
Fractal, tribo-mechanical and corrosion characterization of hydrophobic and lead free electroless Ni-B mono and bi-layer coating developed using artificial intelligence	5
The Tribological Properties of Micro-textured AlCrN Coated Cemented Carbide	5
Wear behavior of hydroxyapatite reinforced polymer composite for biomedical applications	5
Stratified topography theory to understand frictional electrification for sliding triboelectric nanogenerators	5
Hybrid surface characterisation of intra thin-walled Ti6Al4V surfaces produced by laser powder bed fusion technology	5
Effect of Al ₂ O ₃ content on microstructure and tribological properties of plasma sprayed FeSiB w	5
Analysis of surface quality and optimization of process parameters in laser-assisted cutting of SiC ceramics	5
High-fidelity morphology modelling with sparse point cloud of complex surface based on VMD feature extraction and predictive reconstruction	5
Reconstructing microstructural grinding surface topography using a self-affine GAN-based point cloud completion network	5
Effect of rare–earth (Ce, La) compounds on the microstructure, mechanical and electrochemical corrosion characteristics of electroplated Ni films	5
Electrical discharge machining- a futuristic technique for surface engineering of biomedical alloys: a concise review	5
Effect of surface texture on the tribological behavior of sliding electrical contact interface	5
Feature characterization for profile surface texture	5
Effect of Sc(NO₃)₃ on the characteristics of micro-arc oxidation coating formed on TC4 alloy	5
Wetting of liquid Zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy on steel substrate during hot-dipping: Understanding the role of the flux	5
Experimental study on the correlation between erosion microstructure and performance degradation of hydraulic servo spool valve	5
Molecular dynamics analysis of friction-triggering process with spherical probe	5
Effect of nozzle arrangement on heat dissipation performance and mechanical efficiency loss of bionic texture gear	5
Optimisation of Corrosion behaviour and hardness of Ni-B ₄ C Composite coated AZ31 Mg alloy using RSM	5
Evaluation of microconstituents and influence on the mechanical and tribological behaviour of an Al-Fe-Cr alloy obtained by laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB)	5
Texture feature similarity-based roughness intelligent evaluation: a case study applied to milled surfaces	5
Effects of ionic liquid and MoDTC additives on the anti-wear performance of soot-containing lubricants for tribopair interface	5
Effect of texture on hydrodynamic journal bearing performance under starvation lubrication	4
The integrated contribution of surface topology to anti-icing effectiveness	4
Spatially resolved stereoscopic surface profiling by using a feature-selective segmentation and merging technique	4
Effect of fuel contamination on tribological properties of flex-fuel engines lubricating oils	4
Tribological behaviour of ZA/ZrB ₂ in situ composites using response surface methodology and artificial neural network	4
Mechanical and tribological properties of TiN/Ti-MoS ₂ and CrN-CrAlN/Ti-MoS ₂ composite coatings:	4
Effect of groove textures on tribological properties of 40CrNiMoA steel under starved grease lubrication	4
Correlating surface topography of relaxed layer of ZA/ZrB₂ in situ composites to wear and friction	4
Effect of volcano-like textured tools on machining of Ti-6Al-4V alloy: a numerical and experimental analysis	4
Modeling the systematic behavior at the micro and nano length scales	4
Improving the lubricating performance of poly-alpha-olefin base oil using SnO₂ nanosized-additives	4

Corrosion behavior analysis and characterization of AA7178 matrix alloy reinforced with nano TiO₂ particles	4
Enhanced wear resistance of Ni-Mo-TiN composite coating by synergistic effect of tough Ni-Mo matrix and hard TiN particles	4
Investigation on characterization and machinability of Al-4032/SiC metal matrix composite	4
Effectiveness of multi-physics numerical model in simulating accelerated corrosion with spatial and temporal non-uniformity	4
Tribological behaviour of multi-shape photochemical textured surfaces	4
Fabrication of bunny ear cactus- mimicking superhydrophobic silica coatings on marble to protect architectural heritage	4
Assessment of tribological behaviour of laser textured brake disc/composite brake pad system using adaptive neuro fuzzy interference system technique	4
Effect of cryogenic grinding on surface characteristics of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy	4
Abrasive wear resistance of idler roll polymeric materials	4
The high-temperature oxidation and mechanical properties of the Cr/Zr and CrN/Zr coating	4
Measurement and optimization of multi-attribute characteristics in milling epoxy granite composites using rsm and combined ahp-topsis	4
Corrosion behavior of Q235 steel in graphene oxide aqueous dispersion	4
Tribological properties of oil-impregnated porous polyimide modified by rare-earth compounds	4
Surface tribological and electrochemical properties of TiAlSiN coating in seawater	4
Applying Gaussian mixture models for enhanced characterization of featured surfaces and mixed lubrication analysis	4
A comprehensive analysis of the impact zone of compressive residual stress induced by ultrasonic shot peening	4
Silicone implant surface roughness, friction, and wear	4
Multi-parameterised surface texture characterisation for ultra-precision machined surfaces	4
Investigation on elevated-temperature wear performance and wear failure mechanism of a tungsten-system hot-working die steel	4
Investigations on the effect of dielectric medium and WEDM parameters on surface characteristics of Al 7068 (ordnance aluminium) alloy	4
Correlational study of multiscale analysis and the metrological characteristics of areal surface topography measuring instruments	4
Investigation of tribological behavior of coated and untreated rail steels under wet conditions	4
Duplex surface engineering of cold spray Ti coatings and physical vapor-deposited TiN and AlTiN thin films	4
Stylus tip radius and wear estimation using the Rsk or the Rp and Rv	4
Preparation of hydrophobic stearic acid-modified Fe ₃ O ₄ /graphite oxide/melamine sponge for oil-	4
Corrosion and wear performances of hydroxyapatite and boron-containing TiO ₂ composite coatings on Ti6Al7Nb alloy	4
Comparison of the contact and focus variation measurement methods in the process of surface topography evaluation of additively manufactured models with different geometry complexity	4
Modeling and prediction of electrical discharge machining performance parameters for AA 8081 hybrid composite using artificial neural network	4
A transfer learning based artificial neural network in geometrical design of textured surfaces for tribological applications	4
Electrochemical corrosion behavior and mechanism of irradiated micro-arc oxidation coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy by HIPIB	4
Experimental identification of the functional scale for the machinability analysis of biocomposites	4
Model of rough surfaces with Gaussian processes	4
Mathematical softgauges for material ratio parameters	4
Analysis of misalignment characteristics for textured foil journal bearing based on multigrid method	4
Diffusion induced decomposition of cementite layers during gas nitriding of 4140 steel: thermodynamical and kinetical aspects	4
STMP at 10: shaping surface metrology, measurement and phenomena for a decade	4
Synergistic lubrication effects and tribological properties of graphene/oil-based lubricant systems	4
Advancements in SS 316L TPMS gyroid scaffold developed for bone tissue engineering	4
Notch tensile and dry sliding wear studies on Mg-Nd-Gd-Zn alloy	4
Micro-scale deterministic asperity contact FEM simulation	3
Analysis of the corrosion and wear of WC-10Co-4Cr + GNPs coating applied to HSLA DH-36 steel using HVOF	3
Modelling of the influence of measurement uncertainties on the algorithmic complexity of 3D topography stitching	3
High-temperature tribological properties of AlCrN coatings deposited on textured surfaces under dry friction	3
The effect of RF sputtering power on structural, nanomechanical and tribological properties of single layered TaN coatings	3
Tribological behaviour of a multilayer CrN/DLC coating obtained using PVD-MS	3
MoS₂ micro/nano structure: preparation and tribological properties as additives in biodegradable polymer and ester oil	3
A study on the effect of various process parameters on low pulsed energy of laser shock peening without ablative layer on the mechanical behavior of AA 7075 T651	3
Investigation and finite element simulation on the MRR and tool wear of aluminium silicon alloy during turning process	3
Tribological and mechanical properties of FSW joints of untainted stainless steel and titanium: novel characterization of similar and dissimilar joints	3
Microstructure change and corrosion resistance of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy subjected to pneumatic shot peening and ultrasonic shot peening	3
Development and validation using of artificial intelligence algorithms for tool wear forecasting in the CNC turning process of 7075 Al alloy with tungsten carbide tool	3
The influence of heat treatment on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of selective laser melted 316L stainless steel in Ringer’s solution	3
Enhancement of tribological properties by fabricating gradient structure and MoS₂ coating on the surface of 06Cr19Ni9 stainless steel	3
Relationships between surface roughness, finger vibration, roughness perception, and comfort while rubbing machined surfaces	3
Effects of humidity on dust particle removal during solar panel cleaning	3
Influence of laser texturing on hydrophobicity and slurry erosion behaviour of VC-CuNiCr based HVOF coatings	3
Influence of bearing waviness on the lubrication performances of coupled journal-thrust water-lubricated bearings	3
Comparative investigation of surface modification and corrosion behaviour on SS304 and SS316 Coated with Inconel 625 in Air and Molten Salt Environment	3
Review of 3D topography stitching and registration algorithms: procedure, error evaluation and mathematical modelling	3
A novel biomimetic nanocomposite exhibiting petal wetting phenomenon: fabrication and experimental investigations	3
Bottom-up approach for traceable calibration of tip geometry of stylus profilometer	3
Brazilian Tribology: origin, status quo and future perspectives	3
Research experimental on surface integrity and parameters optimization of micro-milling dual-phase titanium alloy	3
Effect of geometry on the microstructural and tribological modifications of M50 steel induced by laser shock peening treatment	3
Semi-finished flywheel disk based on deep learning research on surface defect detection technology	3
Microstructure, mechanical and wear properties of boron carbide reinforced nickel alloy composites processed by bottom pouring type stir casting process	3
A study of confinement induced surface structure of P3HT and P3HT/PCBM blend using grazing incidence diffraction	3
Novel method for numerical reconstruction of grinding surfaces with specified roughness parameter set	3
Analysis and prediction of surface topography characteristics and influence factors of tool passive vibration in milling process	3
Effect of ultrasonic shot peening on microstructure and properties of Cu-Ti alloy	3
Fabrication of superhydrophobic transparent coatings prepared by spraying dual-sized silica particles	3
Investigation of micro pit array on titanium alloy with hydrophobic surface by through-mask electrochemical micromachining	3
Effect of special-shaped texture on tribological properties of PTFE-based friction material/CuSn₆ friction pair	3
Surface roughness and microstructure analysis on drilling of titanium diboride in-situ aluminium metal matrix composite	3
Synergistic effect of bismuth III sulfide and iron sulfide in the tribological performance of brake friction composite	3
Topography, antisoiling and anticorrosion behavior of the superamphiphobic composite coating on 5083 aluminum alloy based on microarc oxidation	3
Influence of Na ₂ WO ₄ additive in electrolyte on properties of plasma electrolytic oxidation coat	3
Performance analysis of electrode materials in electro discharge machining of monel K-500	3
Effects of surface topography through laser texturing on the surface characteristics of zirconia-based dental materials: surface hydrophobicity, antibacterial behavior, and cellular response	3
Si doping enhances the tribocorrosion resistance of DLC films in acidic, alkaline and salt solutions	3
Electroless Ni–P–B coatings on magnesium alloy AZ91D: influence of nano Al ₂ O ₃ on corrosion, wea	3
Surface quality optimization of laser cladding based on surface response and genetic neural network model	3
Galvanic corrosion properties of aluminum coatings on 1045 steel surface with various bias voltages	3
Evaluation of grinding surface roughness based on gradient similarity and color similarity	3
A study of processing and parametric optimization of wear-resistant AZ91-TiB ₂ composite fabricated by ultrasonic-assisted stir casting process	3
Experimental study on surface characteristics in μ ED milling of Al6063%-5%B4C-5%ZrSiO ₄ composite usi	3
Fabrication of high-performance microfluidic SERS substrates by metal-assisted chemical etching of silicon scratches	3
Optimization of Burnishing process by Taguchi method for surface enhancement of EN31 steel	3
Combining surface textures and MXene coatings—towards enhanced wear-resistance and durability	3
Spatial frequency decomposition with bandpass filters for multiscale analyses and functional correlations	3
Various multi-scale textures morphology fabricated by combining femtosecond laser and molding process: friction and wetting behavior	3
A non-invasive computational method to determine the directionality of skin tension lines	3
Using artificial intelligence to predict the tribology behavior of MoS₂-Al₂O₃ hybrid nanofluid	3
Effect of scanning strategies on microstructure and wear behavior of Inconel 718 fabricated by selective laser melting	3
Surface metrology as a tool in surfboard manufacturing to assess machinability of expanded polystyrene blanks via CNC milling	3