Heritage Science

Article	Citations
3D technologies for intangible cultural heritage preservation—literature review for selected databases	89
Joint development of cultural heritage protection and tourism: the case of Mount Lushan cultural landscape heritage site	41
Statistics of the early synthetic dye industry	40
Exploring the transition from natural to synthetic dyes in the production of 19th-century Central Asian ikat textiles	36
Research progress and knowledge system of world heritage tourism: a bibliometric analysis	35
Spatio-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of traditional villages in the Yangtze River Basin: a Geodetector model	34
Weathering assessment approach for building sandstone using hyperspectral imaging technique	34
Plasticiser loss in heritage collections: its prevalence, cause, effect, and methods for analysis	33
The characteristics and influencing factors of the spatial distribution of intangible cultural heritage in the Yellow River Basin of China	32
Intelligent generation of Peking opera facial masks with deep learning frameworks	31
Practices and challenges of cultural heritage conservation in historical and religious heritage sites: evidence from North Shoa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia	31
Cultural heritage preservation by using blockchain technologies	27
Spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of traditional villages: the Yellow River Basin in Henan Province, China	27
Visualizing the cultural landscape gene of traditional settlements in China: a semiotic perspective	27
Immersive cultural heritage digital documentation and information service for historical figure metaverse: a case of Zhu Xi, Song Dynasty, China	24
After the paint has dried: a review of testing techniques for studying the mechanical properties of artists’ paint	23
High-resolution micro-CT with 3D image analysis for porosity characterization of historic bricks	22
Shrinkage and mechanical properties of drying oil paints	22
Spatial pattern and influencing factors of intangible cultural heritage of music in Xiangxi, central China	22
Geotechnical modelling of the climate change impact on world heritage properties in Alexandria, Egypt	21
Iron-gall inks: a review of their degradation mechanisms and conservation treatments	21
Spatial distribution analysis and driving factors of traditional villages in Henan province: a comprehensive approach via geospatial techniques and statistical models	20
Combination of HBIM and UAV photogrammetry for modelling and documentation of forgotten heritage. Case study: Isabel II dam in Níjar (Almería, Spain)	20
The formation of formates: a review of metal formates on heritage objects	20
Revealing the organic dye and mordant composition of Paracas textiles by a combined analytical approach	20

Evaluation of novel cleaning systems on mock-ups of unvarnished oil paint and chalk-glue ground within the Munch Aula Paintings Project	19
Digitalization of culturally significant buildings: ensuring high-quality data exchanges in the heritage domain using OpenBIM	19
Design and implementation of a metaverse platform for traditional culture: the chime bells of Marquis Yi of Zeng	19
Structured-light 3D scanning of exhibited historical clothing—a first-ever methodical trial and its results	19
A review of the tools and techniques used in the digital preservation of architectural heritage within disaster cycles	19
Combination of terrestrial laser scanning and UAV photogrammetry for 3D modelling and degradation assessment of heritage building based on a lighting analysis: case study—St. Adalbert Church in Gdansk	18
Neural network-based classification of X-ray fluorescence spectra of artists’ pigments: an approach leveraging a synthetic dataset created using the fundamental parameters method	18
Fungal communities in the biofilms colonizing the basalt sculptures of the Leizhou Stone Dogs and assessment of a conservation measure	17
Geo-environmental monitoring and 3D finite elements stability analysis for site investigation of underground monuments. Horemheb tomb (KV57), Luxor, Egypt	17
Colors and dyes of archaeological textiles from Tarapacá in the Atacama Desert (South Central Andes)	17
High-precision deformation analysis of yingxian wooden pagoda based on UAV image and terrestrial LiDAR point cloud	17
Experimental study on capillary water absorption of sandstones from different grotto heritage sites in China	17
Temporal and spatial patterns and influencing factors of intangible cultural heritage: Ancient Qin-Shu roads, Western China	17
Implementing PointNet for point cloud segmentation in the heritage context	16
The use of Robinia pseudoacacia L fruit extract as a green corrosion inhibitor in the protection of copper-based objects	16
Accelerated ageing of paper: effect of lignin content and humidity on tensile properties	15
Restoration of non-structural damaged murals in Shenzhen Bao’an based on a generator–discriminator network	15
When the digital twin meets the preventive conservation of movable wooden artifacts	15
NaCl-related weathering of stone: the importance of kinetics and salt mixtures in environmental risk assessment	15
The cultural and heritage tourist, SEM analysis: the case of The Citadel of the Catholic King	15
An ontological data model for points of interest (POI) in a cultural heritage site	15
Restoration method of sootiness mural images based on dark channel prior and Retinex by bilateral filter	15
Making use of climate information for sustainable preservation of cultural heritage: applications to the KERES project	15
The digital reconstruction of degraded ancient temple murals using dynamic mask generation and an extended exemplar-based region-filling algorithm	14
Organic colorants based on lac dye and brazilwood as markers for a chronology and geography of medieval scriptoria: a chemometrics approach	14
Preservation and promotion of China’s musical cultural heritage on the internet	14
Semantic segmentation and photogrammetry of crowdsourced images to monitor historic facades	14
Identification and mapping of ancient pigments in a Roman Egyptian funerary portrait by application of reflectance and luminescence imaging spectroscopy	14
Development of a smart tourism integration model to preserve the cultural heritage of ancient villages in Northern Guangxi	14
Highly sensitive terahertz non‐destructive testing technology for stone relics deterioration prediction using SVM-based machine learning models	14
The history of rescuing reinforcement and the preliminary study of preventive protection system for the cliff of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, China	13
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Inheritance and promotion of chinese traditional music culture in college piano education	13
Natural world heritage conservation and tourism: a review	13
Bibliometric analysis of fourth industrial revolution applied to heritage studies based on web of science and scopus databases from 2016 to 2021	13
Vitality evaluation of historical and cultural districts based on the values dimension: districts in Beijing City, China	13
Validation of passive samplers for monitoring of acetic and formic acid in museum environments	13
Grounded theory-based model of the influence of digital communication on handicraft intangible cultural heritage	13
Study on digital protection and innovative design of Qin opera costumes	13
A multi-scalar investigation of the colouring materials used in textile wrappings of Egyptian votive animal mummies	13
Identifying VOCs in exhibition cases and efflorescence on museum objects exhibited at Smithsonian’s National Museum of the American Indian-New York	13
The transfer of heritage modelling from research to practice	13
Heritage hydrology: a conceptual framework for understanding water fluxes and storage in built and rock-hewn heritage	12
Unique traditional villages on the Loess Plateau of China: historic evolution and challenges to sustainable development of silo-caves	12
Eye-tracking support for architects, conservators, and museologists. Anastylosis as pretext for research and discussion	12
Aesthetic value protection and tourism development of the world natural heritage sites: a literature review and implications for the world heritage karst sites	12
Spatial distribution and tourism competition of intangible cultural heritage: take Guizhou, China as an example	12
A quantitative description of the spatial–temporal distribution and evolution pattern of world cultural heritage	12
Ancient mural inpainting via structure information guided two-branch model	12
Characterization of Korean handmade papers collected in a Hanji reference book	12
Burial-induced deterioration in leather: a FTIR-ATR, DSC, TG/DTG, MHT and SEM study	12

A green approach to clean iron stains from marble surfaces	12
Study on space diversity and influencing factors of Tunpu settlement in central Guizhou Province of China	12
Scratching the surface: the use of sheepskin parchment to deter textual erasure in early modern legal deeds	12
Research on global cultural heritage tourism based on bibliometric analysis	12
A new reinforcement method for the conservation of fragile, double-sided, printed paper cultural relics	12
Current progress on murals: distribution, conservation and utilization	11
A non-photorealistic rendering method based on Chinese ink and wash painting style for 3D mountain models	11
Integrated analytical approach to unveil the secrets of the recently discovered “Sphinx Room”: a new piece of Domus Aurea puzzle	11
Dynamic response of the vegetation carbon storage in the sanjiang plain to changes in land use/cover and climate	11
Research progress on world natural heritage conservation: its buffer zones and the implications	11
Soot removal from ancient Egyptian complex painted surfaces using a double network gel: empirical tests on the ceiling of the sanctuary of Osiris in the temple of Seti I—Abydos	11
Effects of selected solvents on PMMA after prolonged exposure: unilateral NMR and ATR-FTIR investigations	11
Imaging spectroscopies to characterize a 13th century Japanese handscroll, The Miraculous Interventions of Jizō Bosatsu	11
Technical examination of Liu Kang’s Paris and Shanghai painting supports (1929–1937)	11
Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei	11
SeparaFill: Two generators connected mural image restoration based on generative adversarial network with skip connect	11
The lightfastness of early synthetic organic dyes	11
Saturated salt solutions in showcases: humidity control and pollutant absorption	11
EA-GAN: restoration of text in ancient Chinese books based on an example attention generative adversarial network	11
Corrosion of Longquan celadons in the marine environment: study on the celadons from the Dalian Island shipwreck of the Yuan Dynasty	10
Nano-materials enhanced protectants for natural stone surfaces	10
Prediction of the indoor climate in cultural heritage buildings through machine learning: first results from two field tests	10
Identification of pigments used in a Qajar manuscript from Iran by using atomic and molecular spectroscopy and technical photography methods	10
Reconstructing long-term settlement histories on complex alluvial floodplains by integrating historical map analysis and remote-sensing: an archaeological analysis of the landscape of the Indus River	10
A comparative study on the extraction effects of common agents on collagen-based binders in mural paintings	10
Salt weathering impact on Nero/Ramses II Temple at El-Ashmonein archaeological site (Hermopolis Magna), Egypt	10
A practical workflow for the 3D reconstruction of complex historic sites and their decorative interiors: Florence As It Was and the church of Orsanmichele	10
Identifying the spatial differentiation factors of traditional villages in China	10
On the performance of birch tar made with different techniques	10
Altered identity: fleeting colors and obscured surfaces in Van Gogh’s Landscapes in Paris, Arles, and Saint-Rémy	10
Cultural communication and diversity along the Grand Canal of China: a case study of folk songs in intangible cultural heritage	10
A combination of invasive and non-invasive techniques for the study of the palette and painting structure of a copy of Raphael's Transfiguration of Christ	10
Visualization and mapping of literature on the scientific analysis of wall paintings: a bibliometric analysis from 2011 to 2021	10
Numerical modelling of mechanical degradation of canvas paintings under desiccation	10
Management effectiveness evaluation of world cultural landscape heritage: a case from China	9
Analytical study of Buddha sculptures in Jingyin temple of Taiyuan, China	9
A comparative case study of MTInSAR approaches for deformation monitoring of the cultural landscape of the Shanhaiguan section of the Great Wall	9
Development of low-cost RFID sensors dedicated to air pollution monitoring for preventive conservation	9
UNESCO World Heritage properties in changing and dynamic environments: change detection methods using optical and radar satellite data	9
Chemical modification of wood induced by the traditional making procedures of bowed string musical instruments: the effect of alkaline treatments	9
Mechanical properties and moisture-related dimensional change of canvas paintings–canvas and glue sizing	9
The pottery production from the Deh Dumen Bronze Age graveyard (South-Western Iran): a chemical, mineralogical and physical study	9
Hyperspectral imaging solutions for the non-invasive detection and automated mapping of copper trihydroxychlorides in ancient bronze	9
Plastics in robots: a degradation study of a humanoid skin mask made of soft urethane elastomer	9
Clustered and dispersed: exploring the morphological evolution of traditional villages based on cellular automaton	9
Transparent reversible prosthesis, a new way to complete the conservation–restoration of a Black Ding bowl with application of 3D technologies	9
The color change analysis of historic wooden remains after fire-suppression by fluorinated chemical gases	9
Metadata schema and ontology for capturing and processing of 3D cultural heritage objects	9
Trace element distribution in human cortical bone microstructure: the potential for unravelling diet and social status in archaeological bones	9
Effects of natural weathering on aged wood from historic wooden building: diagnosis of the oxidative degradation	9
New tool for sustainable treatments: agar spray—research and practice	9
Formation of zinc oxalate from zinc white in various oil binding media: the influence of atmospheric carbon dioxide by reaction with 13CO2	9
Guangzhou Tongcao painting in late China Qing Dynasty (1840–1912 AD): technology revealed by analytical approaches	9
Beam filtration for object-tailored X-ray CT of multi-material cultural heritage objects	8
Virtual reconstruction of the painting process and original colors of a color-changed Northern Wei Dynasty mural in Cave 254 of the Mogao Grottoes	8
The spatial distribution of traditional intangible cultural heritage medicine of China and its influencing factors	8
Metallurgical and corrosion characterization of warring states period bronzes excavated from Pujiang, Chengdu, China	8
Integration of photogrammetry and laser scanning for enhancing scan-to-HBIM modeling of Al Ula heritage site	8
A study on the spatial distribution and historical evolution of grotto heritage: a case study of Gansu Province, China	8
Effects of sticky rice addition on the properties of lime-tile dust mortars	8
Chemical studies of Chinese coinage II: from Qin to Yuan (221 BCE–1368 CE)	8
Strengthening of masonry rings with composite materials	8
The microstructure of multicolor hare’s fur glaze: the correlation between morphological and compositional characteristics and glaze color	8
Application of hyperspectral imaging technology to digitally protect murals in the Qutan temple	8
Graphic representation of the degree of historical-archaeological evidence: the 3D reconstruction of the “Baker’s House”	8
Stabilisation of waterlogged archaeological wood: the application of structured-light 3D scanning and micro computed tomography for analysing dimensional changes	8
The spatiotemporal evolution of ancient cities from the late Yangshao to Xia and Shang Dynasties in the Central Plains, China	8
History of dental biomaterials: biocompatibility, durability and still open challenges	8
GIS-based inventory for safeguarding and promoting Portuguese glazed tiles cultural heritage	8
Automatic recognition of craquelure and paint loss on polychrome paintings of the Palace Museum using improved U-Net	8
Integrated interpretation of pXRF data on ancient nephrite artifacts excavated from Tomb No.1 in Yuehe Town, Henan Province, China	8
Design and validation of tailored colour reference charts for monitoring cultural heritage degradation	8
Geoenvironmental investigation of Sahure’s pyramid, Abusir archeological site, Giza, Egypt	8
Effects of yellow natural dyes on handmade Daqian paper	8
Towards a better understanding of hot-mixed mortars for the conservation of historic buildings: the role of water temperature and steam during lime slaking	8
Reflectance transformation imaging for documenting changes through treatment of Joseon dynasty coins	8
Use of 3D models as a didactic resource in archaeology. A case study analysis	8
A new method for the conservation of ancient colored paintings on ramie textiles	8
Study on the efficacy of amorphous calcium carbonate as a consolidant for calcareous matrix	8
But aren’t all soaps metal soaps? A review of applications, physico-chemical properties of metal soaps and their occurrence in cultural heritage studies	7

Conservation risks for paper collections induced by the microclimate in the repository of the Alessandrina Library in Rome (Italy)	7
Experimental study on the effects of hydrochemistry and periodic changes in temperature and humidity on sandstone weathering in the Longshan Grottoes	7
Extraction of underwater fragile artifacts: research status and prospect	7
Changes in the production materials of Burmese textiles in the nineteenth century—dyes, mordants and fibres of Karen garments from the British Museum’s collection	7
An investigating on the ritual elements influencing factor of decorative art: based on Guangdong's ancestral hall architectural murals text mining	7
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Musical poetics in instrumental music: China’s intangible cultural heritage in the information age	7
In situ XRF investigations to unravel the provenance area of Corinthian ware from excavations in Milazzo (Mylai) and Lipari (Lipára)	7
Temporal and spatial patterns of traditional village distribution evolution in Xiangxi, China: identifying multidimensional influential factors and conservation significance	7
Hygromechanical behaviour of wooden panel paintings: classification of their deformation tendencies based on numerical modelling and experimental results	7
Composition and origins of decorated glass from Umayyad Cordoba (Spain)	7
The effect of prior exposure on the lightfastness of early synthetic dyes on textiles	7
Understanding and optimizing Evolon® CR for varnish removal from oil paintings	7
Applying optimized YOLOv8 for heritage conservation: enhanced object detection in Jiangnan traditional private gardens	7
Exploring spatiotemporal changes in cities and villages through remote sensing using multibranch networks	7
Nanorestart: Nanomaterials for the restoration of works of art	7
The use of infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics to investigate deterioration in vegetable tanned leather: potential applications in heritage science	7
Discerning the painter’s hand: machine learning on surface topography	7
The practice of writing inside an Egyptian monastic settlement: preliminary material characterisation of the inks used on Coptic manuscripts from the Monastery of Apa Apollo at Bawit	7
A model approach for post evaluation of adaptive reuse of architectural heritage: a case study of Beijing central axis historical buildings	7
Why people use augmented reality in heritage museums: a socio-technical perspective	7
Evolution of the viscoelastic properties of painting stratigraphies: a moisture weathering and nanoindentation approach	7
Characterization of the materials and techniques of a birthday inscribed lacquer plaque of the Qing Dynasty	7
Mössbauer study of iron gall inks on historical documents	7
A multi-analytical study of the palette of impressionist and post-impressionist Puerto Rican artists	7
Investigations of the relics and altar materials relating to the apostles St James and St Philip at the Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli in Rome	7
Spatio-temporal evolution and distribution of cultural heritage sites along the Suzhou canal of China	7
Corrosion mechanisms for lead-barium glass from the Warring States period	7
The effect of building plan form on thermal comfort in the traditional residential patterns of the hot and dry climate of Qom	7
Synergy and regulation of the South China Karst WH site integrity protection and the buffer zone agroforestry development	6
Release of lead from Renaissance lead-glazed ceramics from southern Denmark and northern Germany: implications from acetic acid etching experiments	6
Correlation between the cracking pattern of historical structure and soil properties: the case of the church in Kożuchów	6
Characterization of degradation and iron deposits of the wood of Nanhai I shipwreck	6
Design for poverty alleviation and craft revitalization in rural China from an actor-network perspective: the case of bamboo-weaving in Shengzhou	6
Materials and techniques used for the “Vienna Moamin”: multianalytical investigation of a book about hunting with falcons from the thirteenth century	6
Provenance of Zhou Dynasty bronze vessels unearthed from Zongyang County, Anhui Province, China: determined by lead isotopes and trace elements	6
Carbon dioxide snow cleaning of paper	6
Towards building a Cathodoluminescence (CL) database for pigments: characterization of white pigments	6
Shine a light on papyrus: monitoring the aging process	6
Factorial experimentation on photodegradation of historical paper by polychromatic visible radiation	6
A study on the construction of knowledge graph of Yunjin video resources under productive conservation	6
Analytical studies on commercial artists’ colour charts from Das Deutsche Farbenbuch (1925)—identification of synthetic and natural organic colourants by Raman microscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spect	6
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Impact of rural tourism on residents’ well-being in traditional ancient villages: a case of North Guangxi	6
Systematic integration of 2D and 3D sources for the virtual reconstruction of lost heritage artefacts: the equestrian monument of Francesco III d’Este (1774–1796, Modena, Italy)	6
Exploring the limits of color accuracy in technical photography	6
The chemical composition and manufacturing technology of glass beads excavated from the Hetian Bizili site, Xinjiang	6
Assessment of urbanization impact on cultural heritage based on a risk-based cumulative impact assessment method	6
Does substrate colour affect the visual appearance of gilded medieval sculptures? Part II: SEM–EDX observations on gold leaf samples taken from medieval wooden sculptures	6
The Boyen Fortress: structural analysis of selecting complementary forms of use for a proposed adaptive reuse project	6
CICHMKG: a large-scale and comprehensive Chinese intangible cultural heritage multimodal knowledge graph	6
ZnO, TiO2 and Fe3O4/Carbopol hybrid nanogels for the cleaner process of paper manuscripts from dust stains and soil remains	6
Material characterisation of a painted beehive panel by advanced spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques in combination with hyperspectral imaging	6
Improvement and integration: scientific analyses of willow-leaf shaped bronze swords excavated from the Shuangyuan Village Cemetery, Chengdu, China	6
Pulsed infrared thermographic study of a Chinese Bronze Lei	6
Kano-QFD-based analysis of the influence of user experience on the design of handicraft intangible cultural heritage apps	6
Precipitation impacts on earthen architecture for better implementation of cultural resource management in the US Southwest	6
XRF elemental analysis of inks in South American manuscripts from 1779 to 1825	6
China and the steppe: technological study of precious metalwork from Xigoupan Tomb 2 (4th–3rd c. BCE) in the Ordos region, Inner Mongolia	6
Looking under the skin: multi-scale CT scanning of a peculiarly constructed cornett in the Rijksmuseum	6
Characterization and identification of Chinese historical rubbings preserved in Wuyuan Museum by Pyrolysis–Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry	6
Influence of grass lawns on the summer thermal environment and microclimate of heritage sites: a case study of Fuling mausoleum, China	6
Condition assessment of different historic bridges using Non Destructive Techniques (NDT) with FTIR analysis in Izmir after the Samos Island earthquake	6
Study on spatial form evolution of traditional villages in Jiuguan under the influence of historic transportation network	6
From RGB camera to hyperspectral imaging: a breakthrough in Neolithic rock painting analysis	6
Maritime silk road heritage: quantitative typological analysis of qing dynasty export porcelain bowls from Guangzhou from the perspective of social factors	6
Wood discoloration patterns depending on the light source	6
The influence of light and relative humidity on the formation of epsomite in cadmium yellow and French ultramarine modern oil paints	6
Spatial evolution path of Gulangyu Island historical international community: from the perspective of actor-network theory	6
Ancient mural classification methods based on a multichannel separable network	6
Using knowledge graphs and deep learning algorithms to enhance digital cultural heritage management	6
The non-destructive investigation of a late antique knob bow fibula (Bügelknopffibel) from Kaiseraugst/CH using Muon Induced X-ray Emission (MIXE)	6
Visitor’s experience evaluation of applied projection mapping technology at cultural heritage and tourism sites: the case of China Tangcheng	6
Temporal and spatial distribution of ancient sites in Shaanxi Province using geographic information systems (GIS)	6
A HBIM pipeline for the conservation of large-scale architectural heritage: the city Walls of Pisa	6
The interaction of water with archaeological and ethnographic birch bark and its effects on swelling, shrinkage and deformations	6
A courtly brocade belt belonging to Qajar period (1789–1925), Iran	6
Evaluating volatile organic compounds from Chinese traditional handmade paper by SPME-GC/MS	6
Emergent heritage: the digital conservation of archaeological sites in reservoirs and the case of the Dolmen de Guadalperal (Spain)	6
A glimpse into the monetary supply network of the Tang empire in the seventh century CE: archaeometallurgical study of Kaiyuan Tongbao coins from Lafu Queke cemetery, Xinjiang, Northwest China	6
Comprehensive study of 12th century wall painting fragments from the St. George Cathedral of the Yuryev Monastery in Veliky Novgorod (Russia) using complementary physico-chemical methods	6
Evaluation of the thermal performance of traditional courtyard houses in a warm humid climate: Colima, Mexico	6
A transparent dialogue between iconography and chemical characterisation: a set of foreign stained glasses in Portugal	5
Study and micro-Raman characterization of pigments present on majolicas of historical and artistic interest from Gerace, Italy	5
Spatial–temporal distribution and evolution of the socialist built heritage in China, 1949–1978	5
Does more mean better? Remote-sensing data for monitoring sustainable redevelopment of a historical granary in Mydlniki, Kraków	5
Material analysis for restoration application: a case study of the world’s first university Mor Yakup Church in Nusaybin, Mardin	5
Knowledge of earthen heritage deterioration in dry areas of China: salinity effect on the formation of cracked surface crust	5
Study on the linear absent section ratio (L-ASR) of earthen sites and anthropogenic influence from the perspective of population density	5
Mapping of stones and their deterioration forms: the Clock Tower, Venice (Italy)	5
Application-based principles of islamic geometric patterns; state-of-the-art, and future trends in computer science/technologies: a review	5
Craftsmanship and materials: painted Bodhisattva sculptures in the Fengguo Temple dated to the year 1020 in Yi County, Northeast China	5
Bronze preservation by using composite hydrogel coating-loaded corrosion inhibitors	5
Ink and support characterization of typologically established papyrus groups from the Palau-Ribes collection	5
Bibliometric analysis and visualisation of heritage buildings preservation	5
Ottoman palace weavings between different periods: material characterization, comparison and suggestions for conservation	5
Exploring the synergy between Karst World Heritage site's OUV conservation and buffer zone’s tourism industry development: a case study of the Libo-Huanjiang Karst	5