Fluids and Barriers of the Cns

Article	Citations
A blood–brain barrier overview on structure, function, impairment, and biomarkers of integrity	797
The glymphatic hypothesis: the theory and the evidence	119
Extracellular vesicles through the blood–brain barrier: a review	89
Cerebrospinal fluid production by the choroid plexus: a century of barrier research revisited	63
The regulatory roles of motile cilia in CSF circulation and hydrocephalus	58
Reduction in pericyte coverage leads to blood–brain barrier dysfunction via endothelial transcytosis following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion	56
SARS-CoV-2: is there neuroinvasion?	49
The blood–brain barrier and the neurovascular unit in subarachnoid hemorrhage: molecular events and potential treatments	47
Decreased CSF clearance and increased brain amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease	46
Brain pharmacokinetics of two BBB penetrating bispecific antibodies of different size	38
Modeling ischemic stroke in a triculture neurovascular unit on-a-chip	38
Direction and magnitude of cerebrospinal fluid flow vary substantially across central nervous system diseases	37
Cerebrospinal fluid drainage kinetics across the cribriform plate are reduced with aging	37
Mechanisms of neuroinflammation in hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage: a review	37
The choroid plexus and its role in the pathogenesis of neurological infections	36
Reference values for intracranial pressure and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pressure: a systematic review	36
The CLDN5 gene at the blood-brain barrier in health and disease	32
Investigating receptor-mediated antibody transcytosis using blood–brain barrier organoid arrays	31
Lysophosphatidic acid as a CSF lipid in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus that drives CSF accumulation via TRPV4-induced hyperactivation of NKCC1	31
Non-coding RNAs in the regulation of blood–brain barrier functions in central nervous system disorders	30
Exploring mechanisms of ventricular enlargement in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a role of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and motile cilia	30
Expression and functions of adenylyl cyclases in the CNS	29
Neural crest cell-derived pericytes act as pro-angiogenic cells in human neocortex development and gliomas	28
Presence of a mutation in PSEN1 or PSEN2 gene is associated with an impaired brain endothelial cell phenotype in vitro	27
Arterial vasodilation drives convective fluid flow in the brain: a poroelastic model	26

The relationship between cerebral blood flow and venous sinus pressure: can hyperemia induce idiopathic intracranial hypertension?	26
Epigenetics in blood–brain barrier disruption	26
Facilitating drug delivery in the central nervous system by opening the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier with a single low energy shockwave pulse	25
Membrane transporters control cerebrospinal fluid formation independently of conventional osmosis to modulate intracranial pressure	25
Next-generation in vitro blood–brain barrier models: benchmarking and improving model accuracy	24
Interactions of brain, blood, and CSF: a novel mathematical model of cerebral edema	23
CNS endothelial derived extracellular vesicles are biomarkers of active disease in multiple sclerosis	23
Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus associates with elevated inflammation and CSF hypersecretion via activation of choroidal transporters	23
Measurements of cerebrospinal fluid production: a review of the limitations and advantages of current methodologies	22
Met-RANTES preserves the blood–brain barrier through inhibiting CCR1/SRC/Rac1 pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice	22
Brain endothelial LRP1 maintains blood–brain barrier integrity	22
Protecting P-glycoprotein at the blood–brain barrier from degradation in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model	21
Experimental approaches for manipulating choroid plexus epithelial cells	21
Imaging features associated with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus have high specificity even when comparing with vascular dementia and atypical parkinsonism	20
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers that reflect clinical symptoms in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients	20
Hypoxia increases expression of selected blood–brain barrier transporters GLUT-1, P-gp, SLC7A5 and TFRC, while maintaining barrier integrity, in brain capillary endothelial monolayers	19
Ultrasound-mediated blood–brain barrier opening uncovers an intracerebral perivenous fluid network in persons with Alzheimer’s disease	19
Population pharmacokinetic modeling of CSF to blood clearance: prospective tracer study of 161 patients under work-up for CSF disorders	19
Human in silico trials for parametric computational fluid dynamics investigation of cerebrospinal fluid drug delivery: impact of injection location, injection protocol, and physiology	19
Sex difference in cerebrospinal fluid/blood albumin quotients in patients with schizophreniform and affective psychosis	19
The choroid plexus acts as an immune cell reservoir and brain entry site in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis	18
Increased extracellular fluid is associated with white matter fiber degeneration in CADASIL: in vivo evidence from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging	18
Potential role of astrocyte angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in the neural transmission of COVID-19 and a neuroinflammatory state induced by smoking and vaping	18
In Xenopus ependymal cilia drive embryonic CSF circulation and brain development independently of cardiac pulsatile forces	18
Acetazolamide modulates intracranial pressure directly by its action on the cerebrospinal fluid secretion apparatus	17
Effects of acute and chronic oxidative stress on the blood–brain barrier in 2D and 3D in vitro models	17
Comparative assessment of in vitro BBB tight junction integrity following exposure to cigarette smoke and e-cigarette vapor: a quantitative evaluation of the protective effects of metformin using smal	17
Characterization of the blood–brain barrier in genetically diverse laboratory mouse strains	17
The impact of genetic manipulation of laminin and integrins at the blood–brain barrier	17
Role of aging in Blood–Brain Barrier dysfunction and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection: impacts on neurological symptoms of COVID-19	17
Three-dimensional microenvironment regulates gene expression, function, and tight junction dynamics of iPSC-derived blood–brain barrier microvessels	16
Circulating tight-junction proteins are potential biomarkers for blood–brain barrier function in a model of neonatal hypoxic/ischemic brain injury	16
Pericyte, but not astrocyte, hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) drives hypoxia-induced vascular permeability in vivo	16
Quantitative analysis of macroscopic solute transport in the murine brain	16
Acquired hydrocephalus is associated with neuroinflammation, progenitor loss, and cellular changes in the subventricular zone and periventricular white matter	16
Disparate volumetric fluid shifts across cerebral tissue compartments with two different anesthetics	16
Polarized α-synuclein trafficking and transcytosis across brain endothelial cells via Rab7-decorated carriers	16
Activation of Frizzled-7 attenuates blood–brain barrier disruption through Dvl/β-catenin/WISP1 signaling pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice	16
Upright versus supine MRI: effects of body position on craniocervical CSF flow	15
Activation of NMDA receptors in brain endothelial cells increases transcellular permeability	15
Microglia-derived CCL2 has a prime role in neocortex neuroinflammation	15
Transcriptional profiling of transport mechanisms and regulatory pathways in rat choroid plexus	15
Structural disruption of the blood–brain barrier in repetitive primary blast injury	15
VHHs as tools for therapeutic protein delivery to the central nervous system	15
Parasagittal dural space and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow across the lifespan in healthy adults	15
Novel localization of folate transport systems in the murine central nervous system	15
Human brain solute transport quantified by glymphatic MRI-informed biophysics during sleep and sleep deprivation	15
Exposure of human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells hCMEC/D3 to laminar shear stress induces vascular protective responses	15
Water treadmill training attenuates blood-spinal cord barrier disruption in rats by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 expression following spinal cord injury	14
The CXCL13/CXCR5-chemokine axis in neuroinflammation: evidence of CXCR5+CD4 T cell recruitment to CSF	14

Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neuroinflammation in children with hydrocephalus and shunt malfunction	14
Theoretical analysis of wake/sleep changes in brain solute transport suggests a flow of interstitial fluid	14
Variations in the cerebrospinal fluid dynamics of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)	14
Evaluation of diurnal and postural intracranial pressure employing telemetric monitoring in idiopathic intracranial hypertension	14
Impact of sex differences on thrombin-induced hydrocephalus and white matter injury: the role of neutrophils	13
Microdialysis and microperfusion electrodes in neurologic disease monitoring	13
The new insight into the inflammatory response following focused ultrasound-mediated blood–brain barrier disruption	12
Breaking barriers: exploring mechanisms behind opening the blood–brain barrier	12
Effects of fasudil on blood–brain barrier integrity	12
Transgenic animal models to explore and modulate the blood brain and blood retinal barriers of the CNS	12
Regulation of brain iron uptake by apo- and holo-transferrin is dependent on sex and delivery protein	12
A novel model of acquired hydrocephalus for evaluation of neurosurgical treatments	12
Maternal e-cigarette use can disrupt postnatal blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and deteriorates motor, learning and memory function: influence of sex and age	12
Serial Tap Test of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: impact on cognitive function and its meaning	12
SCO-spondin, a giant matricellular protein that regulates cerebrospinal fluid activity	12
Application of blood brain barrier models in pre-clinical assessment of glioblastoma-targeting CAR-T based immunotherapies	12
In vitro evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid velocity measurement in type I Chiari malformation: repeatability, reproducibility, and agreement using 2D phase contrast and 4D flow MRI	12
Prolonged culturing of iPSC-derived brain endothelial-like cells is associated with quiescence, downregulation of glycolysis, and resistance to disruption by an Alzheimer’s brain milieu	12
Nocturnal increase in cerebrospinal fluid secretion as a circadian regulator of intracranial pressure	11
Sustained glymphatic transport and impaired drainage to the nasal cavity observed in multiciliated cell ciliopathies with hydrocephalus	11
The impact of chronic mild hypoxia on cerebrovascular remodelling; uncoupling of angiogenesis and vascular breakdown	11
Adjunctive cytoprotective therapies in acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review	11
Selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 modulator attenuates blood–brain barrier disruption following traumatic brain injury by inhibiting vesicular transcytosis	11
Lumbar and ventricular CSF concentrations of extracellular matrix proteins before and after shunt surgery in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus	11
Differential proteomic profile of lumbar and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid	11
Modelling idiopathic intracranial hypertension in rats: contributions of high fat diet and testosterone to intracranial pressure and cerebrospinal fluid production	10
Influence of traumatic brain injury on extracellular tau elimination at the blood–brain barrier	10
Changes in intrathoracic pressure, not arterial pulsations, exert the greatest effect on tracer influx in the spinal cord	10
Incidental findings of typical iNPH imaging signs in asymptomatic subjects with subclinical cognitive decline	10
A transcriptomic analysis of cerebral microvessels reveals the involvement of Notch1 signaling in endothelial mitochondrial-dysfunction-dependent BBB disruption	10
Glioblastoma disrupts the ependymal wall and extracellular matrix structures of the subventricular zone	10
The effect of A1 and A2 reactive astrocyte expression on hydrocephalus shunt failure	10
Blood and cerebrospinal fluid flow oscillations measured with real-time phase-contrast MRI: breathing mode matters	10
Glioblastoma microenvironment contains multiple hormonal and non-hormonal growth-stimulating factors	10
A multicenter retrospective study of heterogeneous tissue aggregates obstructing ventricular catheters explanted from patients with hydrocephalus	10
Brain microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction in an isogenic juvenile iPSC model of Huntington’s disease	10
SARS-CoV-2 infects epithelial cells of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier rather than endothelial cells or pericytes of the blood-brain barrier	9
Usefulness of intravoxel incoherent motion MRI for visualizing slow cerebrospinal fluid motion	9
Elevated CSF inflammatory markers in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus do not promote NKCC1 hyperactivity in rat choroid plexus	9
Quantification of arterial, venous, and cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics by magnetic resonance imaging under simulated micro-gravity conditions: a prospective cohort study	9
Role of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 in morphological and functional changes of the blood–brain barrier in hypertriglyceridemia	9
Epigenetics and stroke: role of DNA methylation and effect of aging on blood–brain barrier recovery	9
Short-term exposure to JUUL electronic cigarettes can worsen ischemic stroke outcome	9
Estimates of the permeability of extra-cellular pathways through the astrocyte endfoot sheath	9
Claudin-5a is essential for the functional formation of both zebrafish blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier	9
Characterization of passive permeability after low intensity focused ultrasound mediated blood–brain barrier disruption in a preclinical model	9
Astrocyte-specific hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) does not disrupt the endothelial barrier during hypoxia in vitro	9
Methylglyoxal, a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, as a threat for blood brain barrier integrity	9
Intracranial pressure waveform characteristics in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and late-onset idiopathic aqueductal stenosis	9
Mucopolysaccharidoses and the blood–brain barrier	9
Blood–brain barrier dysfunction in l-ornithine induced acute pancreatitis in rats and the direct effect of l-ornithine on cultured brain endothelial cells	9
Exploring ITM2A as a new potential target for brain delivery	9
Enhanced in vivo blood brain barrier transcytosis of macromolecular cargo using an engineered pH-sensitive mouse transferrin receptor binding nanobody	8
Direct association with the vascular basement membrane is a frequent feature of myelinating oligodendrocytes in the neocortex	8
Central nervous system insulin signaling can influence the rate of insulin influx into brain	8
Evaluation of CSF albumin quotient in neuronal surface antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis	8
Accelerated amyloid angiopathy and related vascular alterations in a mixed murine model of Alzheimer´s disease and type two diabetes	8
The timed up and go test in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a Nationwide Study of 1300 patients	8
Morphological and mitochondrial changes in murine choroid plexus epithelial cells during healthy aging	8
Microglia activated by microbial neuraminidase contributes to ependymal cell death	8
Effects of bacterial and viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters in brain endothelial cells of the developing human blood–brain barrier	8
Resting-state functional-MRI in iNPH: can default mode and motor networks changes improve patient selection and outcome? Preliminary report	8
Nuclear receptor ligand screening in an iPSC-derived in vitro blood–brain barrier model identifies new contributors to leptin transport	8
The maturation of iPS cell-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells by inducible-SOX18 expression	8
Vascular network expansion, integrity of blood–brain interfaces, and cerebrospinal fluid cytokine concentration during postnatal development in the normal and jaundiced rat	8
Higher levels of neurofilament light chain and total tau in CSF are associated with negative outcome after shunt surgery in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus	8
Dual effect of TAT functionalized DHAH lipid nanoparticles with neurotrophic factors in human BBB and microglia cultures	7
Sex, hormones and cerebrovascular function: from development to disorder	7
Brain Barriers and brain fluids research in 2020 and the fluids and barriers of the CNS thematic series on advances in in vitro modeling of the blood–brain barrier and neurovascular unit	7
Apicobasal transferrin receptor localization and trafficking in brain capillary endothelial cells	7
Unique features of the arterial blood–brain barrier	7
Development of a multicellular in vitro model of the meningeal blood-CSF barrier to study Neisseria meningitidis infection	7
Is plasma amyloid-β 1–42/1–40 a better biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease than AβX–42/X–40?	7
Diagnostic biomarker kinetics: how brain-derived biomarkers distribute through the human body, and how this affects their diagnostic significance: the case of S100B	7
Ptpn20 deletion in H-Tx rats enhances phosphorylation of the NKCC1 cotransporter in the choroid plexus: an evidence of genetic risk for hydrocephalus in an experimental study	7
Impact of aging on meningeal gene expression	7
Physical exercise and goal attainment after shunt surgery in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a randomised clinical trial	7
Novel cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers correlating with shunt responsiveness in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus	6
Biochemical profile of human infant cerebrospinal fluid in intraventricular hemorrhage and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity	6
k-Shape clustering for extracting macro-patterns in intracranial pressure signals	6

Are CSF CXCL13 concentrations solely dependent on intrathecal production? A commentary on “Chemokine CXCL13 in serum, CSF, and blood–CSF barrier function”	6
Ex-vivo quantification of ovine pia arachnoid complex biomechanical properties under uniaxial tension	6
Intercompartmental communication between the cerebrospinal and adjacent spaces during intrathecal infusions in an acute ovine in-vivo model	6
Lithium administered to pregnant, lactating and neonatal rats: entry into developing brain	6
Chronic effects of blast injury on the microvasculature in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease related Aβ amyloidosis	6
Structural characterization of SLYM—a 4th meningeal membrane	6
The neurovascular unit in leukodystrophies: towards solving the puzzle	6
A novel chronic dural port platform for continuous collection of cerebrospinal fluid and intrathecal drug delivery in free-moving mice	5
Neurovascular unit disruption and blood–brain barrier leakage in MCT8 deficiency	5
Proteomic alterations in the brain and blood–brain barrier during brain Aβ accumulation in an APP knock-in mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease	5
Age-appropriate potassium clearance from perinatal cerebrospinal fluid depends on choroid plexus NKCC1	5
Imaging the neurovascular unit in health and neurodegeneration: a scoping review of interdependencies between MRI measures	5
Non-invasive flow mapping of parasagittal meningeal lymphatics using 2D interslice flow saturation MRI	5
Sizes and shapes of perivascular spaces surrounding murine pial arteries	5
Elevated neurofilament light chain CSF/serum ratio indicates impaired CSF outflow in idiopathic intracranial hypertension	5
Age dependent contribution of entry via the CSF to the overall brain entry of small and large hydrophilic markers	5
Blue light exposure collapses the inner blood-retinal barrier by accelerating endothelial CLDN5 degradation through the disturbance of GNAZ and the activation of ADAM17	5
Oxygen glucose deprivation-pretreated astrocyte-derived exosomes attenuates intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced BBB disruption through miR-27a-3p /ARHGAP25/Wnt/β-catenin axis	5
Immunohistochemical visualization of lymphatic vessels in human dura mater: methodological perspectives	5
Evaluating the cerebrospinal fluid tap test with the Hellström iNPH scale for patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus	5
In vivo assessment of Lewy body and beta-amyloid copathologies in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: prevalence and associations with clinical features and surgery outcome	4
Proteasome inhibition protects blood–brain barrier P-glycoprotein and lowers Aβ brain levels in an Alzheimer’s disease model	4
Transient intracranial pressure elevations (B waves) are associated with sleep apnea	4
Impact of age on the cerebrospinal fluid spaces: high-convexity and medial subarachnoid spaces decrease with age	4
Reduced folate carrier 1 is present in retinal microvessels and crucial for the inner blood retinal barrier integrity	4
Gait apraxia evaluation in normal pressure hydrocephalus using inertial sensors. Clinical correlates, ventriculoperitoneal shunt outcomes, and tap-test predictive capacity	4
Blood–brain borders: a proposal to address limitations of historical blood–brain barrier terminology	4
In vitro investigation of the effect of proinflammatory cytokines on mouse choroid plexus membrane transporters Ncbe and NKCC1	4
Human intracranial pulsatility during the cardiac cycle: a computational modelling framework	4
Filter exchange imaging with crusher gradient modelling detects increased blood–brain barrier water permeability in response to mild lung infection	4
Age, dose, and binding to TfR on blood cells influence brain delivery of a TfR-transported antibody	4
The choroid plexus: a door between the blood and the brain for tissue-type plasminogen activator	4
Inhibition of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 relieves PMN recruitment in CNS via LPA1/TSP1/CXCR2 pathway and alleviates disruption on blood-brain barrier following intracerebral haemorrhage in mice	4
Spontaneously hypertensive rats can become hydrocephalic despite undisturbed secretion and drainage of cerebrospinal fluid	4
ROS attenuates TET2-dependent ZO-1 epigenetic expression in cerebral vascular endothelial cells	4
Similarities and differences in the localization, trafficking, and function of P-glycoprotein in MDR1-EGFP-transduced rat versus human brain capillary endothelial cell lines	4
White matter changes should not exclude patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus from shunt surgery	4