Biology of Sex Differences

Article	Citations
Age and sex influence diurnal memory oscillations, circadian rhythmicity, and Per1 expression	135
Sex-dependent expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in aortic stenosis	126
Sex differences and sex-specific regulation of motivated behavior by Melanin-concentrating hormone: a short review	124
Genetic hypogonadal mouse model reveals niche-specific influence of reproductive axis and sex on intestinal microbial communities	94
Sex-specific cardiac remodeling in aged rats after adolescent chronic stress: associations with endocrine and metabolic factors	80
Fundamental sex differences in cocaine-induced plasticity of D1R- and D2R-MSNs in the mouse nucleus accumbens core	55
Hippo-vgll3 signaling may contribute to sex differences in Atlantic salmon maturation age via contrasting adipose dynamics	54
Sex-specific molecular signature of mouse podocytes in homeostasis and in response to pharmacological challenge with rapamycin	52
Correction to: Consideration of sex and gender differences in addiction medication response	48
Sexual dimorphism in colorectal cancer: molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies	44
Psychosocial and clinical characteristics in Takotsubo syndrome	44
Sex differences in potassium regulation: evidence, molecular mechanisms and clinical implications	43
Fetal sex differences in placental LCPUFA ether and plasmalogen phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine contents in pregnancies complicated by obesity	39
Sex and gender correlates of sexually polymorphic cognition	39
Sex differences in binge alcohol drinking and the behavioral consequences of protracted abstinence in C57BL/6J mice	39
Estrogen administration enhances the adverse effects of cigarette smoking on the heart in cycling female mice	38
Sex-specific hypothalamic PVN transcriptomic signatures of blood pressure autonomic regulation and neuroinflammation in hypertension	38
Regulatory mechanism of LncRNAs in gonadal differentiation of hermaphroditic fish, Monopterus albus	38
Sex-specific effects of gastrointestinal microbiome disruptions on Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis in INS-GAS mice	35
RAGE displays sex-specific differences in obesity-induced adipose tissue insulin resistance	33
Sry-modified laboratory rat lines to study sex-chromosome effects underlying sex differences in physiology and disease: four core genotypes and more	31
Sex differences in renal cell carcinoma: a single-cell analysis reveals exhausted CD8+ T-cells highly infiltrated in males	30
The diagnostic potential of oxidative stress biomarkers for preeclampsia: systematic review and meta-analysis	30
Investigation of autism-related transcription factors underlying sex differences in the effects of bisphenol A on transcriptome profiles and synaptogenesis in the offspring hippocampus	29
The role of sex differences in cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune functions in health and disease: a review for “Sex Differences in Health Awareness Day”	29

Sex-specific gonadal transcriptome during early development of Siberian sturgeon	27
Integrative microRNA and transcriptome analysis reveals sex-specific molecular divergence in human bladder cancer	27
Univariate and multivariate sex differences and similarities in gray matter volume within essential language-processing areas	27
A hypomorphic SRD5A2 haplotype with a potential founder effect: composed of common variants in individuals with 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency from South China	27
Sex differences in primary Sjögren’s disease: prognostic impact on mortality and cancer	26
Analysis of sex difference in strychnine-intoxicated rat based on the combination of metabolic kinetics and metabolomics	26
Are we moving the dial? Canadian health research funding trends for women’s health, 2S/LGBTQ + health, sex, or gender considerations	26
Dyskerin and telomerase RNA component are sex-differentially associated with outcomes and Sunitinib response in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma	24
Sex differences in the association between cardiovascular risk factors and coronary artery calcification progression among individuals without coronary artery calcium	24
Sex specific analysis of patients with and without reported statin intolerance referred to a specialized outpatient lipid clinic	24
Sex differences in the human brain: a roadmap for more careful analysis and interpretation of a biological reality	24
The influence of sex on neuroimmune communication, pain, and physiology	23
Sex differences in clinical cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies: a Chinese multicenter study	23
Overexpression of the human heat shock protein B1 alters obesity-related metabolic changes in a sex-dependent manner in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome	23
Impact of gender and side of surgery on cognition, affectivity, and quality of life in patients undergoing temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: a prospective cohort study	22
Consideration of sex as a biological variable over the history of the 5xFAD Alzheimer’s Disease mouse model	22
Sex-based differences in remote monitoring of biometric, psychometric and biomarker indices in stable ischemic heart disease	22
Sex and gender differences in adverse events following influenza and COVID-19 vaccination	21
Sexual dimorphism in cancer: molecular mechanisms and precision oncology perspectives	21
Hormonal regulation of cochlear gene expression: effects of the estrous cycle, ovariectomy, and estradiol treatment	21
Sex differences in the human brain related to visual motion perception	21
Novel insight into the lipid network of plasma extracellular vesicles reveal sex-based differences in the lipidomic profile of alcohol use disorder patients	20
Sex differences in distribution and identity of aromatase gene expressing cells in the young adult rat brain	20
Parental kynurenine 3-monooxygenase genotype in mice directs sex-specific behavioral outcomes in offspring	20
Sex differences in the modulation of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors by matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression levels in mice	20
Sex differences in song syntax and syllable diversity in testosterone-induced songs of adult male and female canaries	20
The persisting presence of absence in female sex development: a critical interdisciplinary reflection	20
Sex differences in the associations of body size and body shape with platelets in the UK Biobank cohort	19
Sex and interspecies differences in ESR2-expressing cell distributions in mouse and rat brains	19
Sexually dimorphic DNA methylation and gene expression patterns in human first trimester placenta	19
Perinatal citalopram exposure alters the gut composition and microbial metabolic profiles of Sprague-Dawley rat dams and female offspring but not male offspring	19
Sex differences in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity: the role of the gut microbiome	19
Age-associated sex difference in the expression of mitochondria-based redox sensitive proteins and effect of pioglitazone in nonhuman primate brain	18
Lifetime history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is associated with shorter sleep duration and more sleep disturbance in midlife: results from the Project Viva women’s health cohort	18
Maternal immune suppression during pregnancy does not prevent abnormal behavior in offspring	18
Sex dimorphism and tissue specificity of gene expression changes in aging mice	18
Visceral adiposity index and sex differences in relation to peripheral artery disease in normal-weight adults with hypertension	17
The effect of nicotine-containing products and fetal sex on placenta-associated circulating midpregnancy biomarkers	17
Overall and sex-specific risk factors for subjective cognitive decline: findings from the 2015–2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey	17
Evidence for sex-specific intramuscular changes associated to physical weakness in adults older than 75 years	17
Explaining sex: contrast between social and sexual selection	17
Sex differences in the strategies of haptic object memory in early adulthood	17
Sympathetic-mediated blunting of forearm vasodilation is similar between young men and women	17
Breast cancer: the first comparative evaluation of oncobiome composition between males and females	17
Sex-based differences in natural killer T cell-mediated protection against diet-induced steatohepatitis in Balb/c mice	16
Sex differences in the influence of type 2 diabetes (T2D)-related genes, parental history of T2D, and obesity on T2D development: a case–control study	16
The mixed legacy of the rat estrous cycle	16
Mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in white adipose tissue in a rat model of PCOS: effect of SGLT2 inhibition	15
Sex-specific benefits of a combined supplementation of B vitamins, nicotinamide riboside, folate and cobalamin, in a murine model of heart failure	15
Expression atlas of Dmrt genes across sex and development in the mouse brain: functional insights from the olfactory system	15

Sex-specific changes in energy demand during the preplaque stage in a transgenic Alzheimer’s mouse model	15
Sex differences in mitochondrial gene expression during viral myocarditis	15
Fetal sex impacts birth to placental weight ratio and umbilical cord oxygen values with implications for regulatory mechanisms	14
The impact of chronic intermittent hypoxia on enzymatic activity in memory-associated brain regions of male and female rats	14
Mind the “CRP gender gap”! sex differences in CRP evolution over time in neonatal sepsis: a monocentric retrospective cohort study	14
Nrf2 activation rescues stress-induced depression-like behaviour and inflammatory responses in male but not female rats	14
Sex differences in cognition, anxiety-phenotype and therapeutic effect of metformin in the aged apoE-TR mice	14
Exclusion of women from COVID-19 studies harms women's health and slows our response to pandemics	14
Sex-specific differences in zebrafish brains	14
Sex and gender effects on incidence of migraine and stroke: a longitudinal observational study based on the german socio-economic panel	14
Sex-specific DNA methylation signatures of autism spectrum disorder from whole genome bisulfite sequencing of newborn blood	14
The cognitive connectome of men and women: a study on sex differences across three cohorts	14
Nk3R blockade has sex-divergent effects on memory in mice	13
Sex differences in immune modulation: implications for infection, inflammation, and nutritional supplementation	13
Sex-specific influences of APOEε4 genotype on hippocampal neurogenesis and progenitor cells in middle-aged rats	13
Membrane-associated estrogen receptor α prevents the amyloid β-induced suppression of GIRK channel activity in hippocampal neurons from female mice	13
XX sex chromosome complement modulates immune responses to heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae immunization in a microbiome-dependent manner	13
Sex-dependent effect of sublethal copper concentrations on de novo cholesterol synthesis in astrocytes and their possible links to variations in cholesterol and amyloid precursor protein levels in neu	12
Prolonged social isolation promotes depressive-like behavior in male and female mice, with sex-related differences in the stress response	12
Appetite ratings and ghrelin concentrations in young adults after administration of a balanced meal. Does sex matter?	12
Chronic periadolescent leuprolide exposure affects the development of reproductive physiology and behavior of female and male rats differently, but both mature after treatment termination	12
Sex differences in metabolic phenotype and hypothalamic inflammation in the 3xTg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease	12
Myocytic androgen receptor overexpression does not affect sex differences in adaptation to chronic endurance exercise	12
Menstrual cycle modulates the effect of BDNF Val66Met variant on category learning	12
The impact of childhood maltreatment, HIV status, and their interaction on mental health outcomes and markers of systemic inflammation in women	12
CGRP as a potential mediator for the sexually dimorphic responses to traumatic brain injury	12
Remembering the null hypothesis when searching for brain sex differences	12
Walking to protect against cognitive decline: the role of APOE genotype and sex	12
Sex differences in the blood metabolome of extremely preterm infants: a pilot study on the impact of antibiotic therapy	12
Sex-specific neural responses to smartphone cues in young adults	12
Sex hormones and the risk of myocardial infarction in women and men: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank	12
Estradiol treatment induces both shared and unique gene regulation and networks in adipose cell types of gonadectomized obese XX and XY mice	12
Sexual differences in neuronal and synaptic properties across subregions of the mouse insular cortex	12
Comparing the antidepressant-like effects of electroconvulsive seizures in adolescent and adult female rats: an intensity dose–response study	11
Association between serum testosterone and measures of cardiovascular health among transgender individuals using gender-affirming testosterone therapy: a cross-sectional study	11
Social stress, cortisol awakening response and sex: association with hippocampus and amygdala volume	11
Sex and gender differences in the molecular etiology of Parkinson’s disease: considerations for study design and data analysis	11
Menstrual hormone-induced cyclic thumb CMC instability and degeneration in women: a systematic review	11
Sex-dependent effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia: implication for obstructive sleep apnea	11
Sex-specific role of galectin-3 in aortic stenosis	11
Decoding sex and gender effects on health: evidence from a nationwide cohort	11
Sex and gender differences in drug treatment: experiences from the knowledge database Janusmed Sex and Gender	11
Association of physical activity with vascular aging in a population with intermediate cardiovascular risk, analysis by sex: MARK study	11
Electrocardiographic sex index: a continuous representation of sex	10
Sex differences in type 2 diabetes: an opportunity for personalized medicine	10
Chromosomal and gonadal sex have differing effects on social motivation in mice	10
The effects of sex and gender attributes on clinical outcomes: a systematic review	10
Sex-dependent circadian alterations of both central and peripheral clock genes expression and gut–microbiota composition during activity-based anorexia in mice	10
Dynamic transcriptome analysis highlights collagen-integrin-mediated extracellular matrix remodeling underlying sexual dimorphism in the amplexus muscle of Bufo gargarizans	10
Influences of sex and gender on the associations between risk and protective factors, brain, and behavior	10
Sex-related differences in phenotype and nigro-striatal degeneration of c-rel-/- mouse model of Parkinson’s disease	10
Sex differences in contextual fear conditioning and extinction after acute and chronic nicotine treatment	10
Correction: Nrf2 activation rescues stress-induced depression-like behaviour and inflammatory responses in male but not female rats	10
Long-term sex differences in symptoms and immune profile in long COVID	10
Sex-specific associations between carotid plaque and bone mineral density in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cross-sectional study	10
Sex-specific response to A1BG loss results in female dilated cardiomyopathy	10
Microbial composition, functionality, and stress resilience or susceptibility: unraveling sex-specific patterns	10
Treating sex and gender differences as a continuous variable can improve precision cancer treatments	10
Different mechanisms underlie compulsive alcohol self-administration in male and female rats	10
Associations of habitual glucosamine supplementation with incident gout: a large population based cohort study	10
Hepatocyte growth factor may contribute to male protection against pulmonary arterial hypertension	10
Sex-specific obesity paradox and type 2 myocardial infarction in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients	10
Sex differences in fetal intracranial volumes assessed by in utero MR imaging	10
Correction: Variability of temperature measurements recorded by a wearable device by biological sex	10
Sex differences in electrophysiological properties and voltage-gated ion channel expression in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus following repeated stress	10
Sex and age differences in social and cognitive function in offspring exposed to late gestational hypoxia	10
βeta-2 glycoprotein I is a novel regulator of Apolipoprotein E containing HDL particles in females	10
Relationship between sex biases in gene expression and sex biases in autism and Alzheimer’s disease	9
The role of microRNAs in understanding sex-based differences in Alzheimer’s disease	9
TrkB-mediated neuroprotection in female hippocampal neurons is autonomous, estrogen receptor alpha-dependent, and eliminated by testosterone: a proposed model for sex differences in neonatal hippocamp	9
Sex-dimorphic reprogramming of fetal mouse brain development by maternal estradiol excess	9
Prospective paired crossover evaluation of potential impact of investigator gender on perceived pain intensity early after acute or scheduled surgery	9
Sex- and age-specific effects on the development of addiction and compulsive-like drinking in rats	9
Sex-dependent effects of ultra-low-dose-THC preventive treatment on neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in 5xFAD mice	9
Loss of microRNA-30a and sex-specific effects on the neonatal hyperoxic lung injury	9
Associations of social determinants of health on likelihood of systemic hormone therapy use in midlife women	9
Maternal adverse childhood experiences impact fetal adrenal volume in a sex-specific manner	9
TrkB-mediated sustained neuroprotection is sex-specific and $$\text{ER}\alpha$$-dependent in adult mice following neonatal hypoxia ischemia	9
Sex differences in the social motivation of rats: Insights from social operant conditioning, behavioural economics, and video tracking	8
Sex modifies the association between urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and diabetes among adults in the United States (NHANES 2011–2018)	8

Sexual dimorphism of leptin and adiposity in children between 0 and 10 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis	8
The role of visual experience in haptic spatial perception: evidence from early blind, late blind, and sighted individuals	8
Sex chromosome–dependent epigenetic regulation underlies sex-specific H4 acetylation at the aromatase promoter in the developing mouse amygdala	8
Obesogenic and diabetic effects of CD44 in mice are sexually dimorphic and dependent on genetic background	8
Sex-specific metabolic and microbial remodeling in a rotenone-induced rat model of Parkinson’s disease following nicotine administration	8
Paradoxical sex differences in a hamster model of angiotensin II-dependent hypertension and associated renal injury	8
Advancing evidence-based regulation: Organization for the Study of Sex Differences and Society for Women’s Health Research support FDA action on menopausal hormone therapy and encourage broader sex-in	8
Aromatase, testosterone, TMPRSS2: determinants of COVID-19 severity	8
Preclinical and clinical sex differences in the effects of alcohol on measures of brain dopamine: a systematic review	8
Integrated chromatin accessibility and DNA methylation analysis to reveal the critical epigenetic modification and regulatory mechanism in gonadal differentiation of the sequentially hermaphroditic fi	8
Loss of ovarian hormones is detrimental in early disease stages of mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease and multi-etiology dementia	8
Steady-state estradiol triggers a unique innate immune response to allergen resulting in increased airway resistance	8
Timing matters: a prospective investigation of father absence and pubertal timing in girls and boys	7
Sex differences in contextual pattern separation, neurogenesis, and functional connectivity within the limbic system	7
Mechanisms of entanglement: how a gendered world makes a gendered brain	7
Embracing sex-specific differences in engineered kidney models for enhanced biological understanding of kidney function	7
Female-bias in systemic lupus erythematosus: How much is the X chromosome to blame?	7
Sex differences in the rapid detection of neutral faces associated with emotional value	7
Advances in sex disparities for cancer immunotherapy: unveiling the dilemma of Yin and Yang	7
The impact of testosterone on paraventricular nucleus gene expression in male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats	7
Sex-influenced DNA methylation differs by placental cell type	7
Attenuated sex-related DNA methylation differences in cancer highlight the magnitude bias mediating existing disparities	7
Sex-specific associations of Notch signaling with chronic HBV infection: a study from Taiwan Biobank	7
Sex differences in subjective cognitive impairment and clinical correlates in Chinese patients with subthreshold depression	7
Alcohol use during pregnancy: the impact of social determinants of health on alcohol consumption among pregnant women	7
Sex differences in symptoms following the administration of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in children below 5 years of age in Germany (CoVacU5): a retrospective cohort study	7
Sex differences in the effects of 10 Hz and 40 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation on spatial cognition in mice	7
Sex-specific associations of SHBG, testosterone, and obesity with cholecystectomy risk: a population-based cohort study	7
Nationwide analysis on sex differences in diagnosis, treatment and survival of rectal cancer	7
Sex-specific difference on anxiety- and depressive-like behavior in neuronal growth regulator 1-knockout mice	7
A meta-analysis of sex differences in neonatal rodent ultrasonic vocalizations and the implication for the preclinical maternal immune activation model	6
Consideration of sex and gender differences in addiction medication response	6
Consideration of sex as a biological variable in diabetes research across twenty years	6
Female mice exhibit less overall variance, with a higher proportion of structured variance, than males at multiple timescales of continuous body temperature and locomotive activity records	6
KDM5C and KDM5D influence DNA methylation in adult mouse liver	6
Real-world evidence indicates romosozumab use is associated with a greater reduction in osteoporotic fractures than PTH (1–34) analogs in women	6
KDM6A facilitates Xist upregulation at the onset of X inactivation	6
Sex differences in bladder cancer: understanding biological and clinical implications	6
Women’s health research funding in Canada across 15 years suggests low funding levels with a narrow focus	6
Understanding sex and gender disparities in COVID-19 mortality: a narrative review beyond biology	6
Own-gender bias in facial feature recognition yields sex differences in holistic face processing	6
Glycogen depletion in astrocytes induces sex-dimorphic remodeling of astrocytic and synaptic structures with concomitant anxiety-like behaviors and maternal care deficits	6
Sex/gender differences in the association between behavioural factors and cancers: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with quantitative synthesis	6
Cell line-specific estrogen responses uncover functional sex differences in murine macrophages	6
Mapping the hippocampal spatial proteomic signature in male and female mice of an early Alzheimer’s disease model	6
Why the estrous cycle matters for neuroscience	6
Sex differences in the neuroinflammatory signaling pathway: effect of miRNAs on fatty acid synthesis in microglia	6
Multi-omics analysis reveal clinical-gut-brain interactions in female ibs patients with adverse childhood experiences	6
Sex-based differences in growth-related IGF1 signaling in response to PAPP-A2 deficiency: comparative effects of rhGH, rhIGF1 and rhPAPP-A2 treatments	6
Whole-brain connections of glutamatergic neurons in the mouse lateral habenula in both sexes	5
TLR8 escapes X chromosome inactivation in human monocytes and CD4+ T cells	5
Interaction between gut microbiota and sex hormones and their relation to sexual dimorphism in metabolic diseases	5
Sex-biased gene and microRNA expression in the developing mouse brain is associated with neurodevelopmental functions and neurological phenotypes	5
Sex differences in the impact of sedentary time on early-onset metabolic multimorbidity: evidence from a study of over 20,000 young adults	5
MetaFun: unveiling sex-based differences in multiple transcriptomic studies through comprehensive functional meta-analysis	5
Training in the implementation of sex and gender research policies: an evaluation of publicly available online courses	5
Dynamic transcriptome analysis reveals the gene network of gonadal development from the early history life stages in dwarf surfclam Mulinia lateralis	5
Fetal endocrine axes mRNA expression levels are related to sex and intrauterine position	5
Gestational saccharin consumption disrupts gut-brain axis glucose homeostasis control in adolescent offspring rats in a sex-dependent manner	5
Three maxims for countering sex essentialism in scientific research	5
Sex differences in congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) and Slc4a11−/− mouse model of CHED	5
Sex-specific impacts of prenatal bisphenol A exposure on genes associated with cortical development, social behaviors, and autism in the offspring’s prefrontal cortex	5
Motivation and reward processing across sex/gender and the menstrual cycle: a biopsychosocial perspective	5
Sexual dimorphism in the serum metabolome following acute exhaustive exercise	5
Sex-specific associations between diabetes and dementia: the role of age at onset of disease, insulin use and complications	4
SexAnnoDB, a knowledgebase of sex-specific regulations from multi-omics data of human cancers	4
Nucleus accumbens core chemogenetic excitation in male mice and chemogenetic inhibition in female mice reduced ethanol reward	4
A cross-species analysis of neuroanatomical covariance sex differences in humans and mice	4
Sex differences in the effects of individual anxiety state on regional responses to negative emotional scenes	4
Global sex disparities in lifetime risk of alopecia areata: a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study, 1990 to 2021	4
MicroRNA-21 modulates brown adipose tissue adipogenesis and thermogenesis in a mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome	4
Hormones, heat, and health: a comprehensive review of sex-based differences in brown and beige fat biology	4
Genotype-by-environment interactive effects and conflict solving during gonadal sex differentiation of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis, a fish with dual genotypic/environmental sex determination	4
Comparative developmental genomics of sex-biased gene expression in early embryogenesis across mammals	4
A sex difference in mouse dopaminergic projections from the midbrain to basolateral amygdala	4
Sulcal pits as potential markers of early sex-related human brain differences in healthy adults	4
Research trends in estrogen and rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic bibliometric approach	4
Sex-based differences in cardiovascular proteomic profiles and their associations with adverse outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure	4
Reprograming skin fibroblasts into Sertoli cells: a patient-specific tool to understand effects of genetic variants on gonadal development	4
Sex and race define the effects of adverse childhood experiences on self-reported BMI and metabolic health biomarkers	4
Bile acid distributions, sex-specificity, and prognosis in colorectal cancer	4
A call for inclusive research, policies, and leadership to close the global women’s health gap	4
Sex-dependent locus coeruleus vulnerability in Alzheimer’s disease: gut dysbiosis as a driver and probiotic intervention as rescue	4
Sex-based associations between neighborhood disadvantage and brain–gut alterations in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome	4
Sex hormones influence survival of patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma undergoing immune checkpoint therapy	4