Biology of Sex Differences

Article	Citations
Impact of sex and gender on COVID-19 outcomes in Europe	761
Sex differences in pharmacokinetics predict adverse drug reactions in women	267
Sex differences in severity and mortality from COVID-19: are males more vulnerable?	182
Sex differences in cancer mechanisms	166
The impact of sex and gender on immunotherapy outcomes	108
Gender-related variables for health research	92
Sex differences in self-report anxiety and sleep quality during COVID-19 stay-at-home orders	70
Fetal sex and maternal pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis	69
Estrogen-related mechanisms in sex differences of hypertension and target organ damage	60
Sex differences in brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis	50
Roles for androgens in mediating the sex differences of neuroendocrine and behavioral stress responses	50
The role of vitamin D in autoimmune diseases: could sex make the difference?	50
Sex differences in vascular aging in response to testosterone	49
Sex differences in Alzheimer’s-related Tau biomarkers and a mediating effect of testosterone	47
Androgens’ effects on cerebrovascular function in health and disease	47
Sex differences in the immune response to acute COVID-19 respiratory tract infection	44
Thyroid hormone: sex-dependent role in nervous system regulation and disease	44
Sex differences in the human brain: a roadmap for more careful analysis and interpretation of a biological reality	41
Sex differences in traumatic stress reactivity in rats with and without a history of alcohol drinking	40
Sex differences in the human metabolome	38
Estrogen receptors in pain modulation: cellular signaling	38
Shedding light on biological sex differences and microbiota–gut–brain axis: a comprehensive review of its roles in neuropsychiatric disorders	34
Why the estrous cycle matters for neuroscience	32
Clinical characteristics and outcomes in women and men hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 in New Orleans	31
Immune mechanisms associated with sex-based differences in severe COVID-19 clinical outcomes	30

Sex differences in stroke outcome correspond to rapid and severe changes in gut permeability in adult Sprague-Dawley rats	30
Sex and gender considerations in reporting guidelines for health research: a systematic review	28
Sex differences associated with adverse drug reactions resulting in hospital admissions	28
Reference genome and transcriptome informed by the sex chromosome complement of the sample increase ability to detect sex differences in gene expression from RNA-Seq data	28
Androgens and the developing hippocampus	27
Sex differences in noise-induced hearing loss: a cross-sectional study in China	26
Acute kidney injury is more common in men than women after accounting for socioeconomic status, ethnicity, alcohol intake and smoking history	25
A cross-cohort analysis of autosomal DNA methylation sex differences in the term placenta	23
Sex differences in clinical phenotype and transitions of care among individuals dying of COVID-19 in Italy	23
Sex differences in the intestinal microbiome: interactions with risk factors for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease	22
Sex differences in the expression of the endocannabinoid system within V1M cortex and PAG of Sprague Dawley rats	22
Unveiling sex-based differences in Parkinson's disease: a comprehensive meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies	21
Sex-dependent differences in the secretome of human endothelial cells	21
Pathophysiological effects of androgens on the female vascular system	20
Systematic review supports the role of DNA methylation in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia: a call for analytical and methodological standardization	20
Sex differences in the medial prefrontal cortical glutamate system	20
Mechanisms of sex hormones in autoimmunity: focus on EAE	19
Investigating transcriptome-wide sex dimorphism by multi-level analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data in ten mouse cell types	19
Hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis: a functional meta-analysis of sex-based differences in transcriptomic studies	19
Sex at the interface: the origin and impact of sex differences in the developing human placenta	18
Association of menopausal status with COVID-19 outcomes: a propensity score matching analysis	17
An interaction between fetal sex and placental weight and efficiency predicts intrauterine growth in response to maternal protein insufficiency and gestational exposure window in a mouse model of FASD	17
Sex differences in the aging murine urinary bladder and influence on the tumor immune microenvironment of a carcinogen-induced model of bladder cancer	17
Sex differences in the association between cardiovascular diseases and dementia subtypes: a prospective analysis of 464,616 UK Biobank participants	17
Consideration of sex and gender differences in addiction medication response	17
Investigating the sex-dependent effects of prefrontal cortex stimulation on response execution and inhibition	16
The roles of sex and gender in women’s eye health disparities in the United States	16
Is sex a proxy for mechanical variables during an upper limb repetitive movement task? An investigation of the effects of sex and of anthropometric load on muscle fatigue	15
Interaction between gut microbiota and sex hormones and their relation to sexual dimorphism in metabolic diseases	15
Sex difference in the association between plasma selenium and first stroke: a community-based nested case-control study	14
Gender differences in the efficacy of pioglitazone treatment in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with abnormal glucose metabolism	14
Impact of sex in the prevalence and progression of glioblastomas: the role of gonadal steroid hormones	14
Gender score development in the Berlin Aging Study II: a retrospective approach	14
Female mice exhibit less overall variance, with a higher proportion of structured variance, than males at multiple timescales of continuous body temperature and locomotive activity records	14
The prognostic value of gender in gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a propensity score matching analysis	13
Considering sex and gender in Epidemiology: a challenge beyond terminology. From conceptual analysis to methodological strategies	13
A community-based study of demographics, medical and psychiatric conditions, and gender dysphoria/incongruence treatment in transgender/gender diverse individuals	13
Shortening time for access to alcohol drives up front-loading behavior, bringing consumption in male rats to the level of females	13
Mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in white adipose tissue in a rat model of PCOS: effect of SGLT2 inhibition	13
A retrospective study on sex difference in patients with urolithiasis: who is more vulnerable to chronic kidney disease?	12
Sex-dependent alterations in the physiology of entorhinal cortex neurons in old heterozygous 3xTg-AD mice	12
Gender differences in cardiometabolic health and disease in a cross-sectional observational obesity study	12
Sex differences in the association of sphingolipids with age in Dutch and South-Asian Surinamese living in Amsterdam, the Netherlands	12
Sex differences in a cohort of COVID-19 Italian patients hospitalized during the first and second pandemic waves	12
Sex differences in circulating proteins in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction	12
Considerations and challenges for sex-aware drug repurposing	12
Pregnancy-associated cardiac dysfunction and the regulatory role of microRNAs	12
Increased P450 aromatase levels in post-menopausal women after acute ischemic stroke	12
Association between fetal sex and maternal plasma microRNA responses to prenatal alcohol exposure: evidence from a birth outcome-stratified cohort	11
Selective deletion of endothelial mineralocorticoid receptor protects from vascular dysfunction in sodium-restricted female mice	11

Age-dependent changes of gender disparities in nasopharyngeal carcinoma survival	11
Role of GDF-15, YKL-40 and MMP 9 in patients with end-stage kidney disease: focus on sex-specific associations with vascular outcomes and all-cause mortality	11
Changes in excessive alcohol use among older women across the menopausal transition: a longitudinal analysis of the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation	11
Sex-related differences in markers of immune activation in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients	11
Ischemic preconditioning protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury in chronic kidney disease in both males and females	11
Characterisation of cardiac health in the reduced uterine perfusion pressure model and a 3D cardiac spheroid model, of preeclampsia	11
Sexual dimorphism of monocyte transcriptome in individuals with chronic low-grade inflammation	11
Unfractionated heparin displaces sFlt-1 from the placental extracellular matrix	11
Sex-dependent effects of prenatal food and protein restriction on offspring physiology in rats and mice: systematic review and meta-analyses	11
Important differences between hypertensive middle-aged women and men in cardiovascular autonomic control—a critical appraisal	10
Sex-biased and parental allele-specific gene regulation by KDM6A	10
Ovarian status modulates cardiovascular autonomic control and oxidative stress in target organs	10
Proteomic analysis revealed common, unique and systemic signatures in gender-dependent hepatocarcinogenesis	10
Sex differences in soluble prorenin receptor in patients with type 2 diabetes	10
Fetal sex and maternal postpartum depressive symptoms: findings from two prospective pregnancy cohorts	10
Predicting respiratory failure in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 by admission sex-specific biomarkers	10
Differential expression of microRNAs in the hippocampi of male and female rodents after chronic alcohol administration	9
Sex differences in the association of abdominal adipose tissue and anthropometric data with untreated hypertension in a Chinese population	9
Overall and sex-specific risk factors for subjective cognitive decline: findings from the 2015–2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey	9
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor agonistic autoantibody blockade improves postpartum hypertension and cardiac mitochondrial function in rat model of preeclampsia	9
Sex and age differences in the association of fatty liver index-defined non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with cardiometabolic risk factors: a cross-sectional study	9
Advances in sex disparities for cancer immunotherapy: unveiling the dilemma of Yin and Yang	9
Analysis of sex differences in dietary copper-fructose interaction-induced alterations of gut microbial activity in relation to hepatic steatosis	8
In search of sex-related mediators of affective illness	8
Sympathetic-mediated blunting of forearm vasodilation is similar between young men and women	8
Gestational hypoxia in late pregnancy differentially programs subcortical brain maturation in male and female rat offspring	8
Testosterone and depressive symptoms during the late menopause transition	8
Sex differences in sucrose reinforcement in Long-Evans rats	8
Interactive effects of asparagine and aspartate homeostasis with sex and age for the risk of type 2 diabetes risk	8
The associations of hostility and defensiveness with telomere length are influenced by sex and health status	8
Activation of G protein-coupled estradiol receptor 1 in the dorsolateral striatum enhances motivation for cocaine and drug-induced reinstatement in female but not male rats	8
Sex differences in contextual pattern separation, neurogenesis, and functional connectivity within the limbic system	8
Sex-specific differences in zebrafish brains	8
Prognostic value of immune-related genes and comparative analysis of immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma: sex differences	8
Sex differences in muscle protein expression and DNA methylation in response to exercise training	8
Social functioning outcomes in men and women receiving medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder	8
Sex differences in fatigability after ischemic preconditioning of non-exercising limbs	8
The diagnostic potential of oxidative stress biomarkers for preeclampsia: systematic review and meta-analysis	8
A sex difference in mouse dopaminergic projections from the midbrain to basolateral amygdala	7
Calorie intake is associated with weight gain during transition phase of nutrition in female extremely low birth weight infants	7
Integrated analysis of robust sex-biased gene signatures in human brain	7
Chromosomal and gonadal sex drive sex differences in lipids and hepatic gene expression in response to hypercholesterolemia and statin treatment	7
Lower variability in female students than male students at multiple timescales supports the use of sex as a biological variable in human studies	7
Sex differences in expression of immune elements emerge in children, young adults and mice with osteosarcoma	7
Bile acid distributions, sex-specificity, and prognosis in colorectal cancer	7
Sex-dependent variation in cartilage adaptation: from degeneration to regeneration	7
Sex-divergent effects on the NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin signaling across the olfactory–entorhinal–amygdaloid axis in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases	7
Postnatal developmental trajectory of sex-biased gene expression in the mouse pituitary gland	6
Sex and gender differences in drug treatment: experiences from the knowledge database Janusmed Sex and Gender	6
Sex differences in neuro(auto)immunity and chronic sciatic nerve pain	6
Sex-specific association of hair cortisol concentration with stress-related psychological factors in healthy young adults	6
TLR8 escapes X chromosome inactivation in human monocytes and CD4+ T cells	6
Investigation of interleukin-2-mediated changes in blood pressure, fetal growth restriction, and innate immune activation in normal pregnant rats and in a preclinical rat model of preeclampsia	6
Appetite ratings and ghrelin concentrations in young adults after administration of a balanced meal. Does sex matter?	6
High pulse pressure is associated with an increased risk of diabetes in females but not in males: a retrospective cohort study	6
Sex differences in fetal intracranial volumes assessed by in utero MR imaging	6
Sex differences in early and term placenta are conserved in adult tissues	6
A new sex-specific underlying mechanism for female schizophrenia: accelerated skewed X chromosome inactivation	6
Menopause causes metabolic and cognitive impairments in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model of vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia	6
Sex differences in the effects of prematurity and/or low birthweight on neurodevelopmental outcomes: systematic review and meta-analyses	5
The effect of reproductive hormones on women’s daily smoking across the menstrual cycle	5
Genetic regulation and variation of expression of miRNA and mRNA transcripts in fetal muscle tissue in the context of sex, dam and variable fetal weight	5
Fetal sex impacts birth to placental weight ratio and umbilical cord oxygen values with implications for regulatory mechanisms	5
Sex- and growth-specific characteristics of small for gestational age infants: a prospective cohort study	5
Sex differences in coronary angiographic findings in patients with stable chest pain: analysis of data from the KoRean wOmen’S chest pain rEgistry (KoROSE)	5
H3K27ac chromatin acetylation and gene expression analysis reveal sex- and situs-related differences in developing chicken gonads	5
Tendinopathy: sex bias starts from the preclinical development of tendon treatments. A systematic review	5
RAGE displays sex-specific differences in obesity-induced adipose tissue insulin resistance	5
Sex- and age-related differences in renal and cardiac injury and senescence in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats	5
Visceral adiposity index and sex differences in relation to peripheral artery disease in normal-weight adults with hypertension	5
Sexually dimorphic patterns in maternal circulating microRNAs in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction	5
Hypogonadal hypertension in male Sprague-Dawley rats is renin-angiotensin system-dependent: role of endogenous androgens	5
Sexual dimorphism of leptin and adiposity in children between 0 and 10 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis	5
Transcriptional analysis of the multiple Sry genes and developmental program at the onset of testis differentiation in the rat	5
Age-period-cohort effects in pre-existing and pregnancy-associated diseases amongst primiparous women	4
Sex and age differences in social and cognitive function in offspring exposed to late gestational hypoxia	4
Neurobehavioral sex-related differences in Nf1+/− mice: female show a “camouflaging”-type behavior	4
Steady-state estradiol triggers a unique innate immune response to allergen resulting in increased airway resistance	4
Sex differences in cardiac remodeling post myocardial infarction with acute cigarette smoking	4
Exercise training worsens cardiac performance in males but does not change ejection fraction and improves hypertrophy in females in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome	4

Sex- and age-specific effects on the development of addiction and compulsive-like drinking in rats	4
Sex differences following percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass surgery for acute myocardial infarction	4
Sex differences in vancomycin-resistant enterococci bloodstream infections—a systematic review and meta-analysis	4
Sex differences in hearing impairment due to diet-induced obesity in CBA/Ca mice	4
Spatiotemporal AMPKα2 deletion in mice induces cardiac dysfunction, fibrosis and cardiolipin remodeling associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in males only	4
Sex differences in the association between diabetes and hypertension and the risk of stroke: cohort of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study	4
Sex-related differences in left ventricular remodeling and outcome after alcohol septal ablation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging	4
Maternal DHA supplementation influences sex-specific disruption of placental gene expression following early prenatal stress	4
Gender differences of morphological and hemodynamic characteristics of abdominal aortic aneurysm	4
The visceral fat area to leg muscle mass ratio is significantly associated with the risk of hyperuricemia among women: a cross-sectional study	4
Sex differences in uterine artery Doppler during gestation in pregnancies complicated by placental dysfunction	4
Sex and age interaction in fundamental circulatory volumetric variables at peak working capacity	4
Investigation of autism-related transcription factors underlying sex differences in the effects of bisphenol A on transcriptome profiles and synaptogenesis in the offspring hippocampus	4
Cocaine-induced sensitization and glutamate plasticity in the nucleus accumbens core: effects of sex	4
Neurogenesis in the neonatal rat hippocampus is regulated by sexually dimorphic epigenetic modifiers	4
Sex-dependent expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in aortic stenosis	4
Sex-specific associations between diabetes and dementia: the role of age at onset of disease, insulin use and complications	4
CPT1A in AgRP neurons is required for sex-dependent regulation of feeding and thirst	4