Biology of Sex Differences

Article	Citations
Gender-related variables for health research	113
The role of vitamin D in autoimmune diseases: could sex make the difference?	61
Sex differences in the human brain: a roadmap for more careful analysis and interpretation of a biological reality	61
Sex differences in the human metabolome	57
Estrogen receptors in pain modulation: cellular signaling	53
Thyroid hormone: sex-dependent role in nervous system regulation and disease	53
Sex differences in the immune response to acute COVID-19 respiratory tract infection	52
Shedding light on biological sex differences and microbiota–gut–brain axis: a comprehensive review of its roles in neuropsychiatric disorders	44
Why the estrous cycle matters for neuroscience	41
Sex and gender considerations in reporting guidelines for health research: a systematic review	35
Acute kidney injury is more common in men than women after accounting for socioeconomic status, ethnicity, alcohol intake and smoking history	34
Sex differences in stroke outcome correspond to rapid and severe changes in gut permeability in adult Sprague-Dawley rats	34
Immune mechanisms associated with sex-based differences in severe COVID-19 clinical outcomes	34
Sex differences associated with adverse drug reactions resulting in hospital admissions	33
Clinical characteristics and outcomes in women and men hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 in New Orleans	33
Sex differences in noise-induced hearing loss: a cross-sectional study in China	33
Unveiling sex-based differences in Parkinson's disease: a comprehensive meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies	29
Sex differences in the intestinal microbiome: interactions with risk factors for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease	28
Sex at the interface: the origin and impact of sex differences in the developing human placenta	27
Interaction between gut microbiota and sex hormones and their relation to sexual dimorphism in metabolic diseases	27
Sex differences in the medial prefrontal cortical glutamate system	26
Hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis: a functional meta-analysis of sex-based differences in transcriptomic studies	25
Sex differences in the expression of the endocannabinoid system within V1M cortex and PAG of Sprague Dawley rats	25
A cross-cohort analysis of autosomal DNA methylation sex differences in the term placenta	25
The roles of sex and gender in women’s eye health disparities in the United States	24

Female mice exhibit less overall variance, with a higher proportion of structured variance, than males at multiple timescales of continuous body temperature and locomotive activity records	23
Sex differences in the aging murine urinary bladder and influence on the tumor immune microenvironment of a carcinogen-induced model of bladder cancer	22
Investigating transcriptome-wide sex dimorphism by multi-level analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data in ten mouse cell types	21
Sex-dependent differences in the secretome of human endothelial cells	21
Sex differences in the association between cardiovascular diseases and dementia subtypes: a prospective analysis of 464,616 UK Biobank participants	20
Gender differences in the efficacy of pioglitazone treatment in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with abnormal glucose metabolism	19
Consideration of sex and gender differences in addiction medication response	19
Investigating the sex-dependent effects of prefrontal cortex stimulation on response execution and inhibition	18
Mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in white adipose tissue in a rat model of PCOS: effect of SGLT2 inhibition	17
Association of menopausal status with COVID-19 outcomes: a propensity score matching analysis	17
Impact of sex in the prevalence and progression of glioblastomas: the role of gonadal steroid hormones	17
Gender differences in cardiometabolic health and disease in a cross-sectional observational obesity study	16
Role of GDF-15, YKL-40 and MMP 9 in patients with end-stage kidney disease: focus on sex-specific associations with vascular outcomes and all-cause mortality	16
Considering sex and gender in Epidemiology: a challenge beyond terminology. From conceptual analysis to methodological strategies	16
Sex-dependent variation in cartilage adaptation: from degeneration to regeneration	15
Sex differences in the association of sphingolipids with age in Dutch and South-Asian Surinamese living in Amsterdam, the Netherlands	15
Sex difference in the association between plasma selenium and first stroke: a community-based nested case-control study	15
Gender score development in the Berlin Aging Study II: a retrospective approach	15
Shortening time for access to alcohol drives up front-loading behavior, bringing consumption in male rats to the level of females	15
Sexual dimorphism of monocyte transcriptome in individuals with chronic low-grade inflammation	15
Differential expression of microRNAs in the hippocampi of male and female rodents after chronic alcohol administration	14
A retrospective study on sex difference in patients with urolithiasis: who is more vulnerable to chronic kidney disease?	14
Sex and age differences in the association of fatty liver index-defined non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with cardiometabolic risk factors: a cross-sectional study	13
Gestational hypoxia in late pregnancy differentially programs subcortical brain maturation in male and female rat offspring	13
Sex differences in sucrose reinforcement in Long-Evans rats	13
Sex-biased and parental allele-specific gene regulation by KDM6A	13
Considerations and challenges for sex-aware drug repurposing	13
TLR8 escapes X chromosome inactivation in human monocytes and CD4+ T cells	13
Selective deletion of endothelial mineralocorticoid receptor protects from vascular dysfunction in sodium-restricted female mice	13
Increased P450 aromatase levels in post-menopausal women after acute ischemic stroke	13
Sex-specific differences in zebrafish brains	13
Sex-dependent alterations in the physiology of entorhinal cortex neurons in old heterozygous 3xTg-AD mice	13
Characterisation of cardiac health in the reduced uterine perfusion pressure model and a 3D cardiac spheroid model, of preeclampsia	13
The diagnostic potential of oxidative stress biomarkers for preeclampsia: systematic review and meta-analysis	13
Age-dependent changes of gender disparities in nasopharyngeal carcinoma survival	13
Ischemic preconditioning protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury in chronic kidney disease in both males and females	13
Predicting respiratory failure in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 by admission sex-specific biomarkers	12
Advances in sex disparities for cancer immunotherapy: unveiling the dilemma of Yin and Yang	12
Sex-divergent effects on the NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin signaling across the olfactory–entorhinal–amygdaloid axis in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases	12
Overall and sex-specific risk factors for subjective cognitive decline: findings from the 2015–2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey	12
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor agonistic autoantibody blockade improves postpartum hypertension and cardiac mitochondrial function in rat model of preeclampsia	12
Analysis of sex differences in dietary copper-fructose interaction-induced alterations of gut microbial activity in relation to hepatic steatosis	12
Menopause causes metabolic and cognitive impairments in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model of vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia	12
Sex differences in a cohort of COVID-19 Italian patients hospitalized during the first and second pandemic waves	12
Sex differences in renal cell carcinoma: a single-cell analysis reveals exhausted CD8+ T-cells highly infiltrated in males	12
Sex-dependent effects of prenatal food and protein restriction on offspring physiology in rats and mice: systematic review and meta-analyses	12
Bile acid distributions, sex-specificity, and prognosis in colorectal cancer	11
Important differences between hypertensive middle-aged women and men in cardiovascular autonomic control—a critical appraisal	11
A sex difference in mouse dopaminergic projections from the midbrain to basolateral amygdala	11
Investigation of autism-related transcription factors underlying sex differences in the effects of bisphenol A on transcriptome profiles and synaptogenesis in the offspring hippocampus	11

Sex differences in muscle protein expression and DNA methylation in response to exercise training	11
Fetal sex and maternal postpartum depressive symptoms: findings from two prospective pregnancy cohorts	11
Postnatal developmental trajectory of sex-biased gene expression in the mouse pituitary gland	10
The associations of hostility and defensiveness with telomere length are influenced by sex and health status	10
Sex differences in soluble prorenin receptor in patients with type 2 diabetes	10
Activation of G protein-coupled estradiol receptor 1 in the dorsolateral striatum enhances motivation for cocaine and drug-induced reinstatement in female but not male rats	10
Chromosomal and gonadal sex drive sex differences in lipids and hepatic gene expression in response to hypercholesterolemia and statin treatment	10
Integrated analysis of robust sex-biased gene signatures in human brain	10
Sex and age differences in social and cognitive function in offspring exposed to late gestational hypoxia	9
Prognostic value of immune-related genes and comparative analysis of immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma: sex differences	9
Sex and gender differences in drug treatment: experiences from the knowledge database Janusmed Sex and Gender	9
Testosterone and depressive symptoms during the late menopause transition	9
Steady-state estradiol triggers a unique innate immune response to allergen resulting in increased airway resistance	9
Investigation of interleukin-2-mediated changes in blood pressure, fetal growth restriction, and innate immune activation in normal pregnant rats and in a preclinical rat model of preeclampsia	9
Neurobehavioral sex-related differences in Nf1+/− mice: female show a “camouflaging”-type behavior	9
Sex differences in expression of immune elements emerge in children, young adults and mice with osteosarcoma	9
Sex- and age-specific effects on the development of addiction and compulsive-like drinking in rats	8
Sex differences in fetal intracranial volumes assessed by in utero MR imaging	8
Tendinopathy: sex bias starts from the preclinical development of tendon treatments. A systematic review	8
Sex differences in binge alcohol drinking and the behavioral consequences of protracted abstinence in C57BL/6J mice	8
Lipidomic landscape of circulating extracellular vesicles isolated from adolescents exposed to ethanol intoxication: a sex difference study	8
Sex differences in the effects of prematurity and/or low birthweight on neurodevelopmental outcomes: systematic review and meta-analyses	8
Sex differences in contextual pattern separation, neurogenesis, and functional connectivity within the limbic system	8
Sex-specific association of hair cortisol concentration with stress-related psychological factors in healthy young adults	8
Sympathetic-mediated blunting of forearm vasodilation is similar between young men and women	8
Sex differences in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity: the role of the gut microbiome	8
Appetite ratings and ghrelin concentrations in young adults after administration of a balanced meal. Does sex matter?	8
In search of sex-related mediators of affective illness	8
Sex differences in early and term placenta are conserved in adult tissues	7
Sex differences in neuro(auto)immunity and chronic sciatic nerve pain	7
Sex differences in coronary angiographic findings in patients with stable chest pain: analysis of data from the KoRean wOmen’S chest pain rEgistry (KoROSE)	7
Sex differences in vancomycin-resistant enterococci bloodstream infections—a systematic review and meta-analysis	7
Lower variability in female students than male students at multiple timescales supports the use of sex as a biological variable in human studies	7
The maternal reduced uteroplacental perfusion model of preeclampsia induces sexually dimorphic metabolic responses in rat offspring	7
Sex-specific associations between diabetes and dementia: the role of age at onset of disease, insulin use and complications	7
The effect of reproductive hormones on women’s daily smoking across the menstrual cycle	7
Sex differences in the association between diabetes and hypertension and the risk of stroke: cohort of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study	7
Sex- and age-related differences in renal and cardiac injury and senescence in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats	7
Visceral adiposity index and sex differences in relation to peripheral artery disease in normal-weight adults with hypertension	7
Sex-based differences in natural killer T cell-mediated protection against diet-induced steatohepatitis in Balb/c mice	6
Sex differences in hearing impairment due to diet-induced obesity in CBA/Ca mice	6
Cocaine-induced sensitization and glutamate plasticity in the nucleus accumbens core: effects of sex	6
Neurogenesis in the neonatal rat hippocampus is regulated by sexually dimorphic epigenetic modifiers	6
Breast cancer: the first comparative evaluation of oncobiome composition between males and females	6
H3K27ac chromatin acetylation and gene expression analysis reveal sex- and situs-related differences in developing chicken gonads	6
Sex differences in pre- and post-synaptic glutamate signaling in the nucleus accumbens core	6
Exercise training worsens cardiac performance in males but does not change ejection fraction and improves hypertrophy in females in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome	6
High pulse pressure is associated with an increased risk of diabetes in females but not in males: a retrospective cohort study	6
Sex differences in the influence of type 2 diabetes (T2D)-related genes, parental history of T2D, and obesity on T2D development: a case–control study	6
Dynamic transcriptome analysis reveals the gene network of gonadal development from the early history life stages in dwarf surfclam Mulinia lateralis	6
Sexual dimorphism of leptin and adiposity in children between 0 and 10 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis	6
Sex-dependent expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in aortic stenosis	6
Sex differences in cardiac remodeling post myocardial infarction with acute cigarette smoking	6
Genetic regulation and variation of expression of miRNA and mRNA transcripts in fetal muscle tissue in the context of sex, dam and variable fetal weight	5
Sex differences in subjective cognitive impairment and clinical correlates in Chinese patients with subthreshold depression	5
Integrated chromatin accessibility and DNA methylation analysis to reveal the critical epigenetic modification and regulatory mechanism in gonadal differentiation of the sequentially hermaphroditic fi	5
Coronary artery calcification and aortic valve calcification in patients with kidney failure: a sex-disaggregated study	5
Fetal sex impacts birth to placental weight ratio and umbilical cord oxygen values with implications for regulatory mechanisms	5
The visceral fat area to leg muscle mass ratio is significantly associated with the risk of hyperuricemia among women: a cross-sectional study	5
Sex differences in the effects of high fat diet on underlying neuropathology in a mouse model of VCID	5
Sex differences in the transcriptome of extracellular vesicles secreted by fetal neural stem cells and effects of chronic alcohol exposure	5
Plasma TIMP-1 as a sex-specific biomarker for acute lung injury	5
Systematic characterization of a non-transgenic Aβ1–42 amyloidosis model: synaptic plasticity and memory deficits in female and male mice	5
RAGE displays sex-specific differences in obesity-induced adipose tissue insulin resistance	5
X chromosome inactivation skewing is common in advanced carotid atherosclerotic lesions in females and predicts secondary peripheral artery events	5
miR21 deletion in osteocytes has direct and indirect effects on skeletal muscle in a sex-dimorphic manner in mice	5
Sexually dimorphic patterns in maternal circulating microRNAs in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction	5
Sex differences in learning and performing the Go/NoGo tasks	5
Are we moving the dial? Canadian health research funding trends for women’s health, 2S/LGBTQ + health, sex, or gender considerations	5
Obesogenic and diabetic effects of CD44 in mice are sexually dimorphic and dependent on genetic background	5
Sex-related differences in left ventricular remodeling and outcome after alcohol septal ablation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging	5
Sex differences following percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass surgery for acute myocardial infarction	5
Sex differences in clinical cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies: a Chinese multicenter study	5
Sex differences in the associations of body size and body shape with platelets in the UK Biobank cohort	4
Aromatase inhibition and ketamine in rats: sex-differences in antidepressant-like efficacy	4
Sex-biased gene and microRNA expression in the developing mouse brain is associated with neurodevelopmental functions and neurological phenotypes	4
Treatment of male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats with TNF-α inhibitor etanercept increases markers of renal injury independent of an effect on blood pressure	4
Fatty Liver Index (FLI) is the best score to predict MASLD with 50% lower cut-off value in women than in men	4
Sex differences in metabolic phenotype and hypothalamic inflammation in the 3xTg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease	4
Sex differences in the percentage of IRF5 positive B cells are associated with higher production of TNF-α in women in response to TLR9 in humans	4

Maternal adverse childhood experiences impact fetal adrenal volume in a sex-specific manner	4
Serum metabolomics profiling by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals sexual dimorphism and masculinization of intermediate metabolism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)	4
CPT1A in AgRP neurons is required for sex-dependent regulation of feeding and thirst	4
Sex differences in distribution and identity of aromatase gene expressing cells in the young adult rat brain	4
Effect of progesterone administration in male and female smokers on nicotine withdrawal and neural response to smoking cues: role of progesterone conversion to allopregnanolone	4
Sexual differences in locus coeruleus neurons and related behavior in C57BL/6J mice	4
Sex and age interaction in fundamental circulatory volumetric variables at peak working capacity	4
Dyskerin and telomerase RNA component are sex-differentially associated with outcomes and Sunitinib response in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma	4
Sex-specific associations of matrix metalloproteinases in Alzheimer’s disease	4
Genetic hypogonadal mouse model reveals niche-specific influence of reproductive axis and sex on intestinal microbial communities	4
XX sex chromosome complement modulates immune responses to heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae immunization in a microbiome-dependent manner	4
Sex differences in obesity-induced renal lipid accumulation revealed by lipidomics: a role of adiponectin/AMPK axis	4
Sex differences in uterine artery Doppler during gestation in pregnancies complicated by placental dysfunction	4
Sex differences in cardiovascular risk, lifestyle, and psychological factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry	4
Sex differences in mouse infralimbic cortex projections to the nucleus accumbens shell	4
Different mechanisms underlie compulsive alcohol self-administration in male and female rats	4
Spatiotemporal AMPKα2 deletion in mice induces cardiac dysfunction, fibrosis and cardiolipin remodeling associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in males only	4
Sex differences in clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes in patients with vasospastic angina: results from the VA-Korea registry, a prospective multi-center cohort	4
Zebrafish gonad mutant models reveal neuroendocrine mechanisms of brain sexual dimorphism and male mating behaviors of different brain regions	4
Maternal DHA supplementation influences sex-specific disruption of placental gene expression following early prenatal stress	4