Energies

Article	Citations
A Comprehensive Review on Supercapacitor Applications and Developments	256
Liquid Hydrogen: A Review on Liquefaction, Storage, Transportation, and Safety	251
Digitization, Digital Twins, Blockchain, and Industry 4.0 as Elements of Management Process in Enterprises in the Energy Sector	225
Methods and Techniques for CO2 Capture: Review of Potential Solutions and Applications in Modern Energy Technologies	210
A Literature Review of the Challenges and Opportunities of the Transition from Industry 4.0 to Society 5.0	195
Pandemic, War, and Global Energy Transitions	188
Potential Liquid-Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC) Systems: A Review on Recent Progress	183
Renewable Energy in the Sustainable Development of Electrical Power Sector: A Review	181
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles—A Brief Review of Current Topologies and Energy Management Strategies	177
Do Environment-Related Policy Instruments and Technologies Facilitate Renewable Energy Generation? Exploring the Contextual Evidence from Developed Economies	156
Utilization of Electric Vehicles for Vehicle-to-Grid Services: Progress and Perspectives	153
From Industry 4.0 towards Industry 5.0: A Review and Analysis of Paradigm Shift for the People, Organization and Technology	148
A Review on Deep Learning Models for Forecasting Time Series Data of Solar Irradiance and Photovoltaic Power	146
A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advances in Smart Grids: A Sustainable Future with Renewable Energy Resources	142
A Comprehensive Overview of Hydrogen-Fueled Internal Combustion Engines: Achievements and Future Challenges	135
Methane Cracking for Hydrogen Production: A Review of Catalytic and Molten Media Pyrolysis	134
A Novel Approach of Design and Analysis of a Hexagonal Fractal Antenna Array (HFAA) for Next-Generation Wireless Communication	131
Renewable Energy and Energy Storage Systems	131
Significance of Hydrogen as Economic and Environmentally Friendly Fuel	129
Numerical Investigation Energy Conversion Performance of Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells Using Cell Capacitance Simulator	127
An Advanced Machine Learning Based Energy Management of Renewable Microgrids Considering Hybrid Electric Vehicles’ Charging Demand	126
Distributed Energy Resources and the Application of AI, IoT, and Blockchain in Smart Grids	123
Comprehensive Review on Fuel Cell Technology for Stationary Applications as Sustainable and Efficient Poly-Generation Energy Systems	122
CdTe-Based Thin Film Solar Cells: Past, Present and Future	121
A Review of the Degradation of Photovoltaic Modules for Life Expectancy	121

Review of Multilevel Inverters for PV Energy System Applications	120
Cyber-Physical Systems Improving Building Energy Management: Digital Twin and Artificial Intelligence	119
A Critical Look at Coulomb Counting Approach for State of Charge Estimation in Batteries	116
Energy-Efficient Clustering Scheme for Flying Ad-Hoc Networks Using an Optimized LEACH Protocol	116
A Review of Supercapacitors: Materials Design, Modification, and Applications	115
Deep-Learning Forecasting Method for Electric Power Load via Attention-Based Encoder-Decoder with Bayesian Optimization	115
Do Perceived Risk, Perception of Self-Efficacy, and Openness to Technology Matter for Solar PV Adoption? An Application of the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior	111
Critical Review of Flywheel Energy Storage System	110
Integrated Approach for Wastewater Treatment and Biofuel Production in Microalgae Biorefineries	110
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy: A New Chapter in the Fast and Accurate Estimation of the State of Health for Lithium-Ion Batteries	109
Revisiting the Role of Fiscal Policy, Financial Development, and Foreign Direct Investment in Reducing Environmental Pollution during Globalization Mode: Evidence from Linear and Nonlinear Panel Data	109
A Review of DC Microgrid Energy Management Systems Dedicated to Residential Applications	107
The Impact of the Government Policy on the Energy Efficient Gap: The Evidence from Ukraine	107
Nexus between Financial Development, Renewable Energy Consumption, Technological Innovations and CO2 Emissions: The Case of India	107
Wireless Power Transfer Technologies Applied to Electric Vehicles: A Review	105
Bifacial Photovoltaics 2021: Status, Opportunities and Challenges	104
Technology for the Recovery of Lithium from Geothermal Brines	103
Confronting Energy Poverty in Europe: A Research and Policy Agenda	101
Exploring the Relationship between Renewable Energy Sources and Economic Growth. The Case of SAARC Countries	100
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in Precision Agriculture: Applications and Challenges	100
Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) as Microalgal Bioproducts: A Review of Factors Affecting EPS Synthesis and Application in Flocculation Processes	100
A Review of Thermochemical Conversion of Waste Biomass to Biofuels	99
Molten Salts for Sensible Thermal Energy Storage: A Review and an Energy Performance Analysis	99
Energy Security and Energy Transition to Achieve Carbon Neutrality	98
A Review of SOH Prediction of Li-Ion Batteries Based on Data-Driven Algorithms	97
Can Green Hydrogen Production Be Economically Viable under Current Market Conditions	97
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Based on the State of Health Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries	95
Towards a Digital Product Passport Fit for Contributing to a Circular Economy	95
Current Trends for State-of-Charge (SoC) Estimation in Lithium-Ion Battery Electric Vehicles	94
A Machine Learning-Based Gradient Boosting Regression Approach for Wind Power Production Forecasting: A Step towards Smart Grid Environments	94
A Review of Hydrogen as a Fuel in Internal Combustion Engines	93
Battery-Supercapacitor Energy Storage Systems for Electrical Vehicles: A Review	93
Energy Transition in Poland—Assessment of the Renewable Energy Sector	93
The Impact of Globalization, Energy Use, and Trade on Ecological Footprint in Pakistan: Does Environmental Sustainability Exist?	92
Factors Influencing the Renewable Energy Consumption in Selected European Countries	92
Technical and Commercial Challenges of Proton-Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells	90
Direct Comparison of Immersion and Cold-Plate Based Cooling for Automotive Li-Ion Battery Modules	89
Metal-Air Batteries—A Review	89
Future of Hydrogen as an Alternative Fuel for Next-Generation Industrial Applications; Challenges and Expected Opportunities	89
Hydrogen Blending in Gas Pipeline Networks—A Review	89
Power-to-Gas and Power-to-X—The History and Results of Developing a New Storage Concept	88
Cyber-Security of Smart Microgrids: A Survey	88
Distributed Generation and Renewable Energy Integration into the Grid: Prerequisites, Push Factors, Practical Options, Issues and Merits	88
A Critical Review of Improved Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Multi-Timescale State Prediction of Lithium-Ion Batteries	85
Keynote Review of Latest Advances in Thermoelectric Generation Materials, Devices, and Technologies 2022	85
NCA, NCM811, and the Route to Ni-Richer Lithium-Ion Batteries	84
Review of Control and Energy Management Approaches in Micro-Grid Systems	84
A Review on Synthetic Ester Liquids for Transformer Applications	84
A Review of Recent Passive Heat Transfer Enhancement Methods	83
Emerging and Advanced Green Energy Technologies for Sustainable and Resilient Future Grid	82

Wind, Solar, and Photovoltaic Renewable Energy Systems with and without Energy Storage Optimization: A Survey of Advanced Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques	81
Reliability of ERA5 Reanalysis Data for Wind Resource Assessment: A Comparison against Tall Towers	81
Progress in Material Development for Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Review	81
Prospect of Green Hydrogen Generation from Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources: A Review	81
The Systemic Approach for Estimating and Strategizing Energy Security: The Case of Ukraine	81
Green Concrete Based on Quaternary Binders with Significant Reduced of CO2 Emissions	80
Recent Progress of Organic Photovoltaics with Efficiency over 17%	79
Potential Use of Industrial Biomass Waste as a Sustainable Energy Source in the Future	79
Review of Energy Management System Approaches in Microgrids	79
A Brief Review of Hydrogen Production Methods and Their Challenges	78
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Road Vehicles: State of the Art and Perspectives	78
A Survey on IoT-Enabled Smart Grids: Emerging, Applications, Challenges, and Outlook	77
Selection Guidelines for Wind Energy Technologies	76
Role of Non-Renewable Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Driving Environmental Sustainability in India: Evidence from the Load Capacity Factor Hypothesis	76
Comprehensive Assessment of Smart Grids: Is There a Universal Approach?	76
A Scalable Real-Time Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring System for the Estimation of Household Appliance Power Consumption	76
Efficiency of Electricity Production Technology from Post-Process Gas Heat: Ecological, Economic and Social Benefits	76
Automatic Crack Segmentation for UAV-Assisted Bridge Inspection	75
An Improved Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Maximum Power Point Tracking of Photovoltaic Systems under Partial Shading Conditions	75
Towards Deep Decarbonisation of Energy-Intensive Industries: A Review of Current Status, Technologies and Policies	74
Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Agriculture, with Particular Emphasis on Emissions from Energy Used	74
Solar Power Forecasting Using CNN-LSTM Hybrid Model	74
Edge Computing for IoT-Enabled Smart Grid: The Future of Energy	74
Significant Production of Thermal Energy in Partially Ionized Hyperbolic Tangent Material Based on Ternary Hybrid Nanomaterials	74
Zero-Emission Pathway for the Global Chemical and Petrochemical Sector	73
Hybrid Floating Solar Plant Designs: A Review	73
Determinants of Decarbonization—How to Realize Sustainable and Low Carbon Cities?	73
Sustainable Development Perspectives of Solar Energy Technologies with Focus on Solar Photovoltaic—A Review	73
Temperature, Ageing and Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries	73
The Impact of Green Finance on Urban Haze Pollution in China: A Technological Innovation Perspective	73
Industrialization and CO2 Emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Mitigating Role of Renewable Electricity	73
Incineration Fly Ash and Its Treatment to Possible Utilization: A Review	72
End of Electric Vehicle Batteries: Reuse vs. Recycle	72
Use of Sustainable Fuels in Aviation—A Review	71
Combined Effect of Coal Fly Ash (CFA) and Nanosilica (nS) on the Strength Parameters and Microstructural Properties of Eco-Friendly Concrete	71
Towards 100 Positive Energy Districts in Europe: Preliminary Data Analysis of 61 European Cases	71
Hybrid Battery Thermal Management System in Electrical Vehicles: A Review	71
An Overview of the Classification, Production and Utilization of Biofuels for Internal Combustion Engine Applications	71
A Comprehensive Review on the Recent Development of Ammonia as a Renewable Energy Carrier	70
On the Relationship between Oil and Exchange Rates of Oil-Exporting and Oil-Importing Countries: From the Great Recession Period to the COVID-19 Era	70
Chemical Looping Combustion: A Brief Overview	69
Economic Considerations on Nutrient Utilization in Wastewater Management	69
Operating Limits for Ammonia Fuel Spark-Ignition Engine	69
Integrative Smart Grids’ Assessment System	69
Multilevel Inverter: A Survey on Classical and Advanced Topologies, Control Schemes, Applications to Power System and Future Prospects	68
Critical Review of Intelligent Battery Systems: Challenges, Implementation, and Potential for Electric Vehicles	68
Environmental Life Cycle Impacts of Automotive Batteries Based on a Literature Review	68
Heat and Mass Transfer of Micropolar-Casson Nanofluid over Vertical Variable Stretching Riga Sheet	68
Overview of Methods for Enhanced Oil Recovery from Conventional and Unconventional Reservoirs	68
A Survey on Cybersecurity Challenges, Detection, and Mitigation Techniques for the Smart Grid	68
The Role of Environmental Regulations, Renewable Energy, and Energy Efficiency in Finding the Path to Green Economic Growth	68
Current State and Future Prospects for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Systems	68
Efficient Wind Power Prediction Using Machine Learning Methods: A Comparative Study	68
Review on Nano Enhanced PCMs: Insight on nePCM Application in Thermal Management/Storage Systems	68
Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Energy Systems and Electric Power Grids—A Review of the Challenges Ahead	68
The Impact of Renewable Energy and Economic Complexity on Carbon Emissions in BRICS Countries under the EKC Scheme	67
Impact of the Lockdown during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Electricity Use by Residential Users	67
The Role of Crypto Trading in the Economy, Renewable Energy Consumption and Ecological Degradation	67
Battery Thermal Management Systems: Current Status and Design Approach of Cooling Technologies	66
A Photovoltaic Technology Review: History, Fundamentals and Applications	66
Review of Energy Storage and Energy Management System Control Strategies in Microgrids	66
Assessing the Level of Energy and Climate Sustainability in the European Union Countries in the Context of the European Green Deal Strategy and Agenda 2030	66
Improving Non-Intrusive Load Disaggregation through an Attention-Based Deep Neural Network	66
Effective Management of Energy Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of ICT Solutions	66
Deployment of Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hydrogen Refueling Station Infrastructure: A Global Overview and Perspectives	66
CO2 Emissions from Renewable and Non-Renewable Electricity Generation Sources in the G7 Countries: Static and Dynamic Panel Assessment	66
Modeling and Analysis of Heat Dissipation for Liquid Cooling Lithium-Ion Batteries	65
A Review of Optimization of Microgrid Operation	65
Review on Deep Neural Networks Applied to Low-Frequency NILM	65
Degradation of Lithium-Ion Batteries in an Electric Transport Complex	65
Inhomogeneities and Cell-to-Cell Variations in Lithium-Ion Batteries, a Review	64
Internet of Things in Industry: Research Profiling, Application, Challenges and Opportunities—A Review	64
A Systematic Review of Energy Management Strategies for Resource Allocation in the Cloud: Clustering, Optimization and Machine Learning	64
Analysis of New Flexibility Market Models in Europe	64
Studying the Level of Sustainable Energy Development of the European Union Countries and Their Similarity Based on the Economic and Demographic Potential	64
Crop Yield Estimation Using Deep Learning Based on Climate Big Data and Irrigation Scheduling	64
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Road Vehicles and Their Infrastructure: An Option towards an Environmentally Friendly Energy Transition	64
Laminar Burning Velocities of Hydrogen-Blended Methane–Air and Natural Gas–Air Mixtures, Calculated from the Early Stage of p(t) Records in a Spherical Vessel	64
Prediction of the Remaining Useful Life of Supercapacitors at Different Temperatures Based on Improved Long Short-Term Memory	63
Additive Manufacturing and Topology Optimization of Magnetic Materials for Electrical Machines—A Review	63

A Comparative Analysis of the ARIMA and LSTM Predictive Models and Their Effectiveness for Predicting Wind Speed	63
Opportunities for the State-of-the-Art Production of LIB Electrodes—A Review	63
Automatic Faults Detection of Photovoltaic Farms: solAIr, a Deep Learning-Based System for Thermal Images	63
Overview of Demand-Response Services: A Review	62
Fossil Energy in the Framework of Sustainable Development: Analysis of Prospects and Development of Forecast Scenarios	62
Crop Residue Management in India: Stubble Burning vs. Other Utilizations including Bioenergy	62
Short-Term Solar Power Predicting Model Based on Multi-Step CNN Stacked LSTM Technique	62
Switched Reluctance Motors and Drive Systems for Electric Vehicle Powertrains: State of the Art Analysis and Future Trends	62
Nexus between Technological Innovation, Renewable Energy, and Human Capital on the Environmental Sustainability in Emerging Asian Economies: A Panel Quantile Regression Approach	61
People’s Attitude to Energy from Hydrogen—From the Point of View of Modern Energy Technologies and Social Responsibility	61
Electric Mobility in a Smart City: European Overview	61
Review of the Durability of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell in Long-Term Operation: Main Influencing Parameters and Testing Protocols	61
Greenfield Investment as a Catalyst of Green Economic Growth	61
A Review on Management of End of Life Tires (ELTs) and Alternative Uses of Textile Fibers	61
Wind Energy Scenario, Success and Initiatives towards Renewable Energy in India—A Review	60
Circular Economy and Green Chemistry: The Need for Radical Innovative Approaches in the Design for New Products	60
Energy Management System for Hybrid PV/Wind/Battery/Fuel Cell in Microgrid-Based Hydrogen and Economical Hybrid Battery/Super Capacitor Energy Storage	60
The Financial Development-Renewable Energy Consumption Nexus in the Case of Azerbaijan	60
Load Forecasting Techniques and Their Applications in Smart Grids	60
PV Energy Communities—Challenges and Barriers from a Consumer Perspective: A Literature Review	60
Approaches to Disposal of Nuclear Waste	60
Comparing LSTM and GRU Models to Predict the Condition of a Pulp Paper Press	60
Load Frequency Control (LFC) Strategies in Renewable Energy-Based Hybrid Power Systems: A Review	60
The Beneficial Effect of the Addition of Fly Ash on Reduction of the Size of Microcracks in the ITZ of Concrete Composites under Dynamic Loading	60
Stacked LSTM Sequence-to-Sequence Autoencoder with Feature Selection for Daily Solar Radiation Prediction: A Review and New Modeling Results	59
A Comparative Design of a Campus Microgrid Considering a Multi-Scenario and Multi-Objective Approach	59
Modeling the Dynamic Linkage between Renewable Energy Consumption, Globalization, and Environmental Degradation in South Korea: Does Technological Innovation Matter?	59
Prediction of Sorption Processes Using the Deep Learning Methods (Long Short-Term Memory)	59
A Review of Deep Learning Techniques for Forecasting Energy Use in Buildings	59
A Review on Production of Light Olefins via Fluid Catalytic Cracking	59
A Review on CO2 Capture Technologies with Focus on CO2-Enhanced Methane Recovery from Hydrates	59
Virtual Collection for Distributed Photovoltaic Data: Challenges, Methodologies, and Applications	59
Sea Wave Energy. A Review of the Current Technologies and Perspectives	58
The Impact of Renewable Energy, Economic and Population Growth on CO2 Emissions in the East African Region: Evidence from Common Correlated Effect Means Group and Asymmetric Analysis	58
The Factorial-Reflexive Approach to Diagnosing the Executors’ and Contractors’ Attitude to Achieving the Objectives by Energy Supplying Companies	58
A Portable Environmental Data-Monitoring System for Air Hazard Evaluation in Deep Underground Mines	58
Deep Learning Aided Data-Driven Fault Diagnosis of Rotatory Machine: A Comprehensive Review	58
Optimal Sizing and Energy Management of Microgrids with Vehicle-to-Grid Technology: A Critical Review and Future Trends	58
Electrical Load Forecasting Using LSTM, GRU, and RNN Algorithms	58
Changes in Energy Consumption in Agriculture in the EU Countries	57
Improvement of Strength Parameters of Cement Matrix with the Addition of Siliceous Fly Ash by Using Nanometric C-S-H Seeds	57
Use of Hydrogen as Fuel: A Trend of the 21st Century	57
Assessing the Level of Renewable Energy Development in the European Union Member States. A 10-Year Perspective	57
Machine Learning-Based Predictive Modelling of Biodiesel Production—A Comparative Perspective	57
Link between Energy Efficiency and Sustainable Economic and Financial Development in OECD Countries	57
Review of Methods for Improving the Energy Efficiency of Electrified Ground Transport by Optimizing Battery Consumption	56
Current Status and Future Trends in the Operation and Maintenance of Offshore Wind Turbines: A Review	56
Digital Twin Concepts with Uncertainty for Nuclear Power Applications	56
An Hour-Ahead PV Power Forecasting Method Based on an RNN-LSTM Model for Three Different PV Plants	56
Bismuth-Graphene Nanohybrids: Synthesis, Reaction Mechanisms, and Photocatalytic Applications—A Review	56
A Comprehensive Review of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Techniques Used in Solar PV Systems	56
The Trend and Status of Energy Resources and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Malaysia Power Generation Mix	56
Sizing and Cost Minimization of Standalone Hybrid WT/PV/Biomass/Pump-Hydro Storage-Based Energy Systems	56
Wind Turbine Data Analysis and LSTM-Based Prediction in SCADA System	56
Identification of Relevant Criteria Set in the MCDA Process—Wind Farm Location Case Study	55
Lithium Battery State-of-Charge Estimation Based on a Bayesian Optimization Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network	55
Implementing an Extended Kalman Filter for SoC Estimation of a Li-Ion Battery with Hysteresis: A Step-by-Step Guide	55
Hydrogen Production Methods Based on Solar and Wind Energy: A Review	55
Review on the Safe Use of Ammonia Fuel Cells in the Maritime Industry	55
The Effect of Energy Consumption and Economic Growth on Environmental Sustainability in the GCC Countries: Does Financial Development Matter?	55
Risk-Adjusted Discount Rate and Its Components for Onshore Wind Farms at the Feasibility Stage	55
Automatic Generation Control Strategies in Conventional and Modern Power Systems: A Comprehensive Overview	55
Exhaust Emissions and Energy Consumption Analysis of Conventional, Hybrid, and Electric Vehicles in Real Driving Cycles	55
Self-Consumption and Self-Sufficiency in Photovoltaic Systems: Effect of Grid Limitation and Storage Installation	55
Electric Vehicles: V2G for Rapid, Safe, and Green EV Penetration	55
Power Quality Phenomena in Electric Railway Power Supply Systems: An Exhaustive Framework and Classification	55
Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: A Review Oriented to Fluid-Dynamic Optimization	55
Trends in Power Quality, Harmonic Mitigation and Standards for Light and Heavy Industries: A Review	54
Intelligent Street Lighting in a Smart City Concepts—A Direction to Energy Saving in Cities: An Overview and Case Study	54
Inclusive Economic Growth: Relationship between Energy and Governance Efficiency	54
Intelligent Detection of the PV Faults Based on Artificial Neural Network and Type 2 Fuzzy Systems	54
Energy Management and Voltage Control in Microgrids Using Artificial Neural Networks, PID, and Fuzzy Logic Controllers	54
Hydrogen Storage in Geological Formations—The Potential of Salt Caverns	54
History, Geology, In Situ Stress Pattern, Gas Content and Permeability of Coal Seam Gas Basins in Australia: A Review	54
Recent Advances in Thermochemical Energy Storage via Solid–Gas Reversible Reactions at High Temperature	54
Do Nuclear Energy, Renewable Energy, and Environmental-Related Technologies Asymmetrically Reduce Ecological Footprint? Evidence from Pakistan	54
Metadata Schemas and Ontologies for Building Energy Applications: A Critical Review and Use Case Analysis	54
Barriers to BIM Implementation in Architecture, Construction, and Engineering Projects—The Polish Study	54
An Energy Management System of Campus Microgrids: State-of-the-Art and Future Challenges	53
Does the Real Estate Market and Renewable Energy Induce Carbon Dioxide Emissions? Novel Evidence from Turkey	53
Impact of Harmonic Currents of Nonlinear Loads on Power Quality of a Low Voltage Network–Review and Case Study	53
Substantiation of Drilling Parameters for Undermined Drainage Boreholes for Increasing Methane Production from Unconventional Coal-Gas Collectors	53
Recent Advances in MOF-Based Adsorbents for Dye Removal from the Aquatic Environment	53
Load Forecasting Models in Smart Grid Using Smart Meter Information: A Review	53
Smart Water Technology for Efficient Water Resource Management: A Review	53
An Overview of Biodiesel Production via Calcium Oxide Based Catalysts: Current State and Perspective	53
A Comparison of Alternative Fuels for Shipping in Terms of Lifecycle Energy and Cost	53
Current Developments of Carbon Capture Storage and/or Utilization–Looking for Net-Zero Emissions Defined in the Paris Agreement	53
Towards the Hydrogen Economy—A Review of the Parameters That Influence the Efficiency of Alkaline Water Electrolyzers	53
A Review of the Latest Trends in the Use of Green Ammonia as an Energy Carrier in Maritime Industry	53
A Review of Biomass Briquette Binders and Quality Parameters	53
Wireless Power Transfer—A Review	53
Innovation in Green Building Sector for Sustainable Future	53
Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials in Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems: A Review	53
Electric Vehicles and Vehicle–Grid Interaction in the Turkish Electricity System	53