IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid

Papers
(The TQCC of IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid is 24. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-09-01 to 2025-09-01.)
ArticleCitations
2021 Index IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid Vol. 12257
Reduced Order Model of Transactive Bidding Loads250
Stability Analysis of Low-Voltage Distribution Feeders Operated as Islanded Microgrids175
IEEE Membership168
Gradient-Free Accelerated Event-Triggered Scheme for Constrained Network Optimization in Smart Grids154
A Butterfly Effect: Attack-Induced Heterogeneous Equilibrium Points of High-Voltage DC Systems152
Monitoring Data Factorization of High Renewable Energy Penetrated Grids for Probabilistic Static Voltage Stability Assessment151
Comprehensive Analytical Expressions for Assessing and Maximizing Technical Benefits of Photovoltaics to Distribution Systems149
Automated Event Region Identification and Its Data-Driven Applications in Behind-the-Meter Solar Farms Based on Micro-PMU Measurements149
A Game-Theoretic Approach for Electric Vehicle Aggregators Participating in Phase Balancing Considering Network Topology149
A Demand Response-Based Solution to Overloading in Underdeveloped Distribution Networks147
Risk-Based Constraints for the Optimal Operation of an Energy Community146
A Novel Mobility Model to Support the Routing of Mobile Energy Resources146
Blockchain-Based Water-Energy Transactive Management With Spatial-Temporal Uncertainties141
Mobility in the Smart Grid: Roaming Protocols for EV Charging141
Short-Term Electrical Load Forecasting With Multidimensional Feature Extraction137
Stealth Data Injection Attacks With Sparsity Constraints137
A Gaussian Process-Regularized Graphical Learning Method for Distribution System State Estimation Using Extremely Scarce State Variable Labels137
Power Modeling for Effective Datacenter Planning and Compute Management132
A Storage-Based Fixed-Time Frequency Synchronization Method for Improving Transient Stability and Resilience of Smart Grid129
Optimal Design of Volt/VAR Control Rules of Inverters Using Deep Learning125
Localizing False Data Injection Attacks in Smart Grid: A Spectrum-Based Neural Network Approach124
Safe and Stable Secondary Voltage Control of Microgrids Based on Explicit Neural Networks123
Privacy-Preserving Regulation Capacity Evaluation for HVAC Systems in Heterogeneous Buildings Based on Federated Learning and Transfer Learning121
Hierarchical Coupled Driving-and-Charging Model of Electric Vehicles, Stations and Grid Operators119
An Assessment of Multistage Reward Function Design for Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Microgrid Energy Management114
Sizing of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems Using Recurring Daily Patterns113
Prescribed-Time Multiple-Stage Control for Voltage Regulation and Optimal Current Sharing in DC Microgrids110
An Active Learning-Based Approach for Hosting Capacity Analysis in Distribution Systems109
Day-Ahead Joint Chance-Constrained Optimal Scheduling of the Distribution Network With Electric Vehicle Aggregators104
Optimal Ship-to-Grid Dispatch Considering Battery Thermal and Voltage Electrochemical-Thermal-Coupled Constraints102
Anomaly-Based Detection of Cyberattacks on Line Current Differential Relays101
Scheduling of Separable Mobile Energy Storage Systems With Mobile Generators and Fuel Tankers to Boost Distribution System Resilience101
DiffCharge: Generating EV Charging Scenarios via a Denoising Diffusion Model98
Dynamic State Estimation of Smart Distribution Grids Using Compressed Measurements98
Incorporating Data-Driven Demand-Price Uncertainty Correlations Into Microgrid Optimal Dispatch98
Detection of Electric Bicycle Indoor Charging for Electrical Safety: A NILM Approach97
Special Section on Local and Distributed Electricity Markets97
Demand Management for Peak-to-Average Ratio Minimization via Intraday Block Pricing95
Customer-Centered Pricing Strategy Based on Privacy-Preserving Load Disaggregation94
Autonomous Active Power Dispatching Control of Soft Open Points in Distribution Networks93
Frequency Constrained Proactive Scheduling for Secure Microgrid Formation in Wind Power Penetrated Distribution Systems92
Faulty-Feeder Detection for Single Phase-to-Ground Faults in Distribution Networks Based on Waveform Encoding and Waveform Segmentation91
Power-SAM: An Advanced Abnormality Change Detection Algorithm for Intelligent Monitoring in Power Equipment91
Deep Reinforcement Learning Enabled Physical-Model-Free Two-Timescale Voltage Control Method for Active Distribution Systems90
Conditional Multivariate Elliptical Copulas to Model Residential Load Profiles From Smart Meter Data90
Dynamic Control and Time-Delayed Channel Scheduling Co-Design for Voltage Control in Active Distribution Networks90
A Time Efficient Factorial Hidden Markov Model-Based Approach for Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring89
Data Aggregation Point Placement for Smart Meters in the Smart Grid87
Single-Phase to Ground Fault Line Identification for Medium Voltage Islanded Microgrids With Neutral Ineffectively Grounded Modes85
Optimal Scheduling of Mobile Energy Storage Capable of Variable Speed Energy Transmission85
Incentive-Based Integrated Demand Response Considering S&C Effect in Demand Side With Incomplete Information85
A Scalable Control Design for Grid-Forming Inverters in Microgrids83
Annealing-Based Quantum Computing for Combinatorial Optimal Power Flow83
End-to-end Stochastic Predict-Then-Optimize for Cost-Efficient Water-Energy Resource Scheduling82
Multi-Objective Interval Optimization Dispatch of Microgrid via Deep Reinforcement Learning82
Distributionally Robust Joint Chance-Constrained Dispatch for Integrated Transmission-Distribution Systems via Distributed Optimization81
Day-Ahead Strategic Operation of Hydrogen Energy Service Providers80
A High-Efficiency and Incentive-Compatible Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Mechanism78
SAMNet: Toward Latency-Free Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring via Multi-Task Deep Learning78
A Survey of Power System State Estimation Using Multiple Data Sources: PMUs, SCADA, AMI, and Beyond77
Dynamic Anomaly Detection With High-Fidelity Simulators: A Convex Optimization Approach76
Table of Contents76
A Scalable Privacy-Preserving Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach for Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Transactive Energy Trading76
IEEE Power Engineering Society Information for Authors76
A False Data Injection Attack Detection Strategy for Unbalanced Distribution Networks State Estimation76
Consensus Algorithm-Based Two-Stage Frequency Regulation Strategy With EVs Participating as VSMs76
A Marginal Cost Consensus Scheme With Reset Mechanism for Distributed Economic Dispatch in BESSs75
Resiliency Augmented Hybrid AC and DC Distribution Systems With Inverter-Dominated Dynamic Microgrids75
A Cyber Attack Mitigation Scheme for Series Compensated DFIG-Based Wind Parks75
Reference Phasor-Based Data Self-Synchronization Scheme for Line Current Differential Protection in Active Distribution Networks75
Primary Frequency Control of Multiple ON/OFF Load Clusters Considering Capacity Uncertainty and Lock-Time Constraint73
Comparisons of Auction Designs Through Multiagent Learning in Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading72
Cyber-Attack Detection for Photovoltaic Farms Based on Power-Electronics-Enabled Harmonic State Space Modeling71
A Remedy to Losing Time Synchronization at D-PMUs, H-PMUs, and WMUs in Event Location Identification in Power Distribution Systems70
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid Information for Authors70
An Equity-Aware Residential EV Charging Control70
Virtual Power Plants Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading in Unbalanced Distribution Networks: A Distributed Robust Approach Against Communication Failures70
Interactive Grid Synchronization-Based Virtual Synchronous Generator Control Scheme on Weak Grid Integration69
Blank Page69
Cyber-Resilient Self-Triggered Distributed Control of Networked Microgrids Against Multi-Layer DoS Attacks69
Analytical Fault Modeling of Droop-Controlled IIDG and its Cluster68
TechRxiv: Share Your Preprint Research with the World!68
Reinforcement Learning-Based Optimal Battery Control Under Cycle-Based Degradation Cost67
Continuous Group-Wise Double Auction for Prosumers in Distribution-Level Markets67
Privacy-Preserving and Approximately Truthful Local Electricity Markets: A Differentially Private VCG Mechanism67
Integrated Deep Learning-Based Detection and Robust State Observer Mitigation of Time-Synchronization Attacks: A WADC Case Study67
Energy Storage Capacity Optimization for Improving the Autonomy of Grid-Connected Microgrid66
A Conic Relaxation Approach for Solving Stackelberg Pricing Game of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Considering Traffic Equilibrium66
A Decentralized Fault-Tolerant Control for DC Microgrids Against Disturbances and Actuator Faults66
A Cost Optimized-Reliable-Resilient-Realtime- Rule-Based Energy Management Scheme for a SPV-BES-Based Microgrid for Smart Building Applications65
Hierarchical Robustness Strategy Combining Model-Free Prediction and Fixed-Time Control for Islanded AC Microgrids65
Data-Driven Copy-Paste Imputation for Energy Time Series64
Reliability and Comfort-Aware Operation Optimization for Hydrogen-Based Building Energy Systems in Off-Grid Mode64
A Novel Barrier Lyapunov Function-Based Online Learning Control Method for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell in DC Microgrids63
Stochastic Strategic Participation of Active Distribution Networks With High-Penetration DERs in Wholesale Electricity Markets63
eFHMM: Event-Based Factorial Hidden Markov Model for Real-Time Load Disaggregation63
Voltage-Source Control for Green-Hydrogen Hybrid Energy Storage System With Operational Constraints and Current Rate Limiter63
Extracting Umbrella Constraint-Based Representation of Local Electricity Markets62
Adversarial Scenario Generation Integrated Distributionally Robust Deep Reinforcement Learning for Survival of Critical Loads62
Supplementary Controller for Inverter-Based Resources in Weak Power Grids61
Hierarchical Distributed Model-Predictive Stabilization Control of Multi-Scale Oscillations in Wind–Solar Hybrid Multi-Microgrids61
Practical Privacy-Preserving Electricity Theft Detection for Smart Grid61
A Multipurpose Reference System Based on the Hybrid Power Grid of Cape Verde60
Siting and Sizing of DG Units Considering Energy Equity: Model, Solution, and Guidelines60
Table of Contents60
Perturbed Decision-Focused Learning for Modeling Strategic Energy Storage60
Enhancing Cyber-Resiliency of DER-Based Smart Grid: A Survey60
Table of Contents60
Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolutional-Based Recurrent Network for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Demand Forecasting in Energy Market60
Detection of Grid-Signal Distortions Using the Spectral Correlation Function59
Table of Contents59
Blank Page59
Joint Planning of Utility-Owned Distributed Energy Resources in an Unbalanced Active Distribution Network Considering Asset Health Degradation58
An Embedded Estimator for Online Harmonic Monitoring in Power-Electronic Grids58
A Global Optimal Benchmark for Energy Management of Microgrid (GoBuG) Integrating Hybrid Energy Storage System58
High Performance Platform to Detect Faults in the Smart Grid by Artificial Intelligence Inference58
SecureDec: A Decentralized Scheduling Pipeline With Federated Learning and Efficient Encryption for Electricity-Gas Coupled Systems58
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid Information for Authors58
Hierarchically Distributed Energy Management in Distribution Systems: An Error-Tolerant and Asynchronous Approach58
An Enhanced SD-GS-AL Algorithm for Coordinating the Optimal Power and Traffic Flows With EVs57
Distributed Training and Distributed Execution-Based Stackelberg Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for EV Charging Scheduling57
Online State Estimation of the Integrated Electricity and Gas System Based on the Gaseous Circuit Method57
Disturbance Observer and Tube-Based Model Predictive Controlled Electric Vehicles for Frequency Regulation of an Isolated Power Grid57
A Highly Discriminative Detector Against False Data Injection Attacks in AC State Estimation56
Hierarchical Voltage Control Strategy in Distribution Networks Considering Customized Charging Navigation of Electric Vehicles56
A Multilevel Optimization Approach for Locating Public-Owned Charging Stations in Collusive Charging-As-A-Service Markets56
An Extended State Observer Based Adaptive Backstepping Controller for Microgrid56
Aging Mitigation for Battery Energy Storage System in Electric Vehicles56
A Two-Stage Protection Method for Detection and Mitigation of Coordinated EVSE Switching Attacks56
Real-Time Parameter Tracking of Power-Electronics Interfaced Composite ZIP Load Model56
Power Quality Improvement in Rural Grid Using Adaptive Control Algorithm to Enhance Wind Energy Penetration Levels56
Privacy-Preserving and Hierarchically Federated Framework for Short-Term Residential Load Forecasting55
Network-Constrained Stackelberg Game for Pricing Demand Flexibility in Power Distribution Systems55
Optimal Adaptive Prediction Intervals for Electricity Load Forecasting in Distribution Systems via Reinforcement Learning55
Small-Signal Angle Stability-Oriented False Data Injection Cyber-Attacks on Power Systems55
Network-Aware Coordination of Aggregated Electric Vehicles Considering Charge–Discharge Flexibility55
Analytical Solutions of Air-Conditioning Load Flexibility54
Coordinated Heat and Power Cyber-Attacks With Time Window Matching Strategy54
Graph Deep-Learning-Based Retail Dynamic Pricing for Demand Response54
Distribution Service Restoration: A Distributionally Robust Reinforcement Learning Approach54
Practical Adoption of Cloud Computing in Power Systems—Drivers, Challenges, Guidance, and Real-World Use Cases54
Inverter PQ Control With Trajectory Tracking Capability for Microgrids Based on Physics-Informed Reinforcement Learning54
A Probabilistic-Based Approach for Detecting Simultaneous Load Redistribution Attacks Through Entropy Analysis and Deep Learning53
Collective Asset Sharing Mechanisms for PV and BESS in Renewable Energy Communities53
Carbon-Aware Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading in an Unbalanced Distribution Network via a Nash Equilibrium Discovery Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach53
Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning for Distributed Load Restoration53
Co-Optimizing Electric Tourist Buses and VSC to Enhance the Flexibility of Hybrid AC/DC Distribution Networks With Distributed PV53
Blank Page52
Research on Active Protection Method for Microgrids Based on Harmonic Injection52
Table of Contents52
Sensitivity Region-Based Optimization for Maximizing Renewable Generation Hosting Capacity of an Islanded Microgrid52
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid Publication Information52
Real-Time Incentive Design Under Unknown Demand Response Curves via a Proportional–Integral Control Frameworks52
Customer Targeting for Load Flexibility via Resident Behavior Segmentation52
Fostering Trust in Smart Inverters: A Framework for Firmware Update Management and Tracking in VPP Context51
Event Detection, Classification and Localization in an Active Distribution Grid Using Data-Driven System Identification, Weighted Voting and Graph51
Distributed Voltage Control for Microgrids Against Time-Varying Communication Delay Interference51
Multiscale Adaptive Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis-Based Source Identification of Synchrophasor Data51
Online Operation Optimization for Hydrogen-Based Building Energy Systems Under Uncertainties51
Two-Stage Reinforcement Learning Policy Search for Grid-Interactive Building Control50
Optimal Configuration of Hybrid AC/DC Distribution Network Considering the Temporal Power Flow Complementarity on Lines50
An Integrated Transfer Learning Method for Power Generation Prediction of Run-Off Small Hydropower in Data-Scarce Areas50
A Multi-Agent Distributed Operation Solution to Electricity and Natural Gas Distribution Systems for Enhancing Resilience50
Chance-Constrained Regulation Capacity Offering for HVAC Systems Under Non-Gaussian Uncertainties With Mixture-Model-Based Convexification50
Best Response Learning Assisted Asynchronous ADMM for Real-Time Energy Sharing Under Communication Delay50
Hierarchical Control of Internet Data Centers for Providing Fast Electricity-Heat Regulation Services50
HMM-Based Feature Extraction and Machine Learning Methods for Event Detection and Classification in Microgrids50
An Efficient Method for Quantifying the Aggregate Flexibility of Plug-In Electric Vehicle Populations49
Multi-Agent Hierarchical Deep Reinforcement Learning for HVAC Control With Flexible DERs49
A Novel Method for Estimating the Region of Attraction for DC Microgrids via Brayton-Moser’s Mixed Potential Theory49
Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Electricity Theft Detection for Distribution System Operators49
Load Forecasting of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations: Attention Based Spatiotemporal Multi–Graph Convolutional Networks49
Reliability-Based Expansion Planning Studies of Active Distribution Networks With Multiagents49
Safety-Guaranteed Voltage Regulation of Distribution Networks Using A Learning-Assisted Switching Tube Model Predictive Control Approach48
Modified Matrix Completion-Based Detection of Stealthy Data Manipulation Attacks in Low Observable Distribution Systems48
Distribution Grid State Estimation With Limited Actual and Pseudo Measurements48
Optimal Transactive Energy Trading of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations With On-Site PV Generation in Constrained Power Distribution Networks48
Resilience Evaluation and Enhancement for Island City Integrated Energy Systems48
Optimal Design and Configuration Strategy for the Physical Layer of Energy Router Based on the Complex Network Theory47
Hybrid Robust Tri-Level Defense Model Against Multiperiod Uncertain Attacks47
IGANs With Event-Driven Pseudo Features for Dynamic Response Modeling in Building Air Conditioning Systems47
Optimal Operation of Regional Microgrids With Renewable and Energy Storage: Solution Robustness and Nonanticipativity Against Uncertainties47
Hybrid Multitask Multi-Information Fusion Deep Learning for Household Short-Term Load Forecasting47
Provably Secure and Lightweight Authentication Key Agreement Scheme for Smart Meters46
Operational Resilience Assessment in DC Shipboard Microgrids: A Short-Term Energy Imbalance Approach Based on Frequency-Domain Metrics46
A Fully Distributed Privacy-Preserving Energy Management System for Networked Microgrid Cluster Based on Homomorphic Encryption46
Parameter Boundary Characterization for DC Microgrid Islanding Detection Based on Time-Domain Voltage Oscillation Trajectory Analysis46
Preserving Privacy in Nested Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading in Networked Microgrids Considering Incomplete Rationality45
Multi-Agent Learning-Based Nearly Non-Iterative Stochastic Dynamic Transactive Energy Control of Networked Microgrids45
Optimal Distributed Control of AC Microgrids With Coordinated Voltage Regulation and Reactive Power Sharing45
Vulnerability Analysis, Robustness Verification, and Mitigation Strategy for Machine Learning-Based Power System Stability Assessment Model Under Adversarial Examples45
Two-Stage Decoupled Estimation Approach of Aggregated Baseline Load Under High Penetration of Behind-the-Meter PV System45
Pricing for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Based on the Responsiveness of Demand45
Optimal Planning of Dual-Zero Microgrid on an Island Toward Net-Zero Carbon Emission45
Early Attack Detection for Securing GOOSE Network Traffic45
Two-Step Diffusion Policy Deep Reinforcement Learning Method for Low-Carbon Multi-Energy Microgrid Energy Management45
A Light Blockchain for Behind-the-Meter Peer-to-Peer Energy Transactions in Cyber-Physical Power Systems44
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid Publication Information44
Attack Graph Model for Cyber-Physical Power Systems Using Hybrid Deep Learning44
2023 Outstanding Papers, Reviewers, and Associate Editors44
Impact of Site Conditions and Requirements on Microgrid Design, Control, and Performance44
A Hierarchical Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Community Energy Trading Scheme for a Neighborhood of Smart Households44
TechRxiv: Share Your Preprint Research with the World44
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid Publication Information44
Table of Contents43
Optimal Volt/Var Control for Unbalanced Distribution Networks With Human-in-the-Loop Deep Reinforcement Learning43
SECRET: Secured Real-Time Authentication Tag for Smart Grid Based on Cellular Automata43
An Efficient Modular Optimization Scheme for Unbalanced Active Distribution Networks With Uncertain EV and PV Penetrations43
Table of Contents43
Privacy Preserving User Energy Consumption Profiling: From Theory to Application43
Seamless and Multi-Resolution Energy Forecasting43
Multiagent System-Based VPPs Cooperative Power Control for Frequency Regulation Considering Diverse Communication Issues43
Optimal Distributed Energy Resource Coordination: A Decomposition Method Based on Distribution Locational Marginal Costs43
A Distributed Coordinated Framework With Fair Comfort Level Sharing for Inverter Air Conditioner in Auxiliary Services43
Active Distribution Network Expansion Planning With Dynamic Thermal Rating of Underground Cables and Transformers43
Bilevel Distributed Secure Control of DC Microgrid Clusters Under Scale Random Cyberattacks43
Adversarial Dynamic Load-Altering Cyberattacks Against Peak Shaving Using Residential Electric Water Heaters42
Multi-Layer Smart Fault Protection for Secure Smart Grids42
Partially Decentralized Secondary Current Sharing and Voltage Restoration Controller Design for DC Microgrids With Event-Triggered Sampling42
Device Access Optimization for Virtual Power Plants in Heterogeneous Networks42
LLM-Based Adaptive Distribution Voltage Regulation Under Frequent Topology Changes: An In-Context MPC Framework42
A Novel Hybrid Method for Short-Term Probabilistic Load Forecasting in Distribution Networks42
Privacy-Preserving Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading via Hybrid Secure Computations42
A Consensus-Based Distributed Secondary Control Optimization Strategy for Hybrid Microgrids42
Probabilistic Estimation of PV Hosting Capacity in DER-Rich Feeders Using Smart Meter Data42
Distributed Photovoltaic Installation Admittance Optimization: An End-to-End Approach42
SiPhyR: An End-to-End Learning-Based Optimization Framework for Dynamic Grid Reconfiguration41
A Reputation Management System for the Fair Utilization of Community Energy Storage Systems41
Online Distributed Coordination Operation for Grid-Interactive Efficient Residential Buildings41
Update Scheduling for ADMM-Based Energy Sharing in Virtual Power Plants Considering Massive Prosumer Access41
Adaptive and Decentralized Control Strategy to Support Coordination of Multiple DC Microgrids Considering Transmission Line Impedance41
Real-Time Hierarchical Energy Flexibility Management of Integrated Hybrid Resources41
A Framework for Several Electricity Retailers Cooperatively Implement Demand Response to Distributed Data Center41
Large-Signal Stability Analysis of AC Micro-Grid Under Quadratic Droop Control41
Anomaly Identification of Synchronized Voltage Waveform for Situational Awareness of Low Inertia Systems41
Resilient Event-Driven Distributed Control for DC Microgrids Against False Data Injection Attacks41
When Mobile Energy Meets Active Distribution Networks: A Security–Economic Coordination Perspective41
A Multi-Area Architecture for Real-Time Feedback-Based Optimization of Distribution Grids41
A Trustworthy Cloud-Edge Collaboration Framework for Scheduling Distributed Energy Resources in Distribution Networks41
Uninterruptable Hierarchical Distributed Coordinated Control Scheme of Islanded AC/DC Microgrid Clusters Under Grid-Forming Converter Faults40
Demand Response Potential Evaluation of Aggregated High-Speed Trains Toward Power System Operation40
A Three-Stage Strategy With Settlement for an Energy Community Management Under Grid Constraints40
Distributed Self-Triggered Privacy-Preserving Secondary Control of VSG-Based AC Microgrids40
Non-Iterative Sensitivity-Based Switch Exchange Method for Distribution Network Reconfiguration40
Distributed Online Voltage Control With Fast PV Power Fluctuations and Imperfect Communication40
Asynchronous Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning-Based Framework for Bi-Level Noncooperative Game-Theoretic Demand Response40
Transient Voltage Stability of Paralleled Synchronous and Virtual Synchronous Generators With Induction Motor Loads39
Hierarchical Time-Series Assessment and Control for Transient Stability Enhancement in Islanded Microgrids39
Hierarchical Central-Local Inverter-Based Voltage Control in Distribution Networks Considering Stochastic PV Power Admissible Range39
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