Psychology of Religion and Spirituality

Article	Citations
Religious and spiritual struggles and their links to psychological adjustment: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.	33
Religious identity and psychological well-being among middle-eastern migrants in Australia: The mediating role of perceived social support, social connectedness, and perceived discrimination.	31
The psychology of religion and spirituality: How big the tent?	29
Integrating spirituality and mental health: Perspectives of adults receiving public mental health services in California.	29
The role of religiousness and beliefs about sexuality in well-being among sexual minority mormons.	24
Religiosity predicts unreasonable coping with COVID-19.	23
Theistic relational spirituality: Development, dynamics, health, and transformation.	23
Sex guilt or sanctification? The indirect role of religiosity on sexual satisfaction.	21
From parent to child: Family factors that influence faith transmission.	19
Transcendent indebtedness to God: A new construct in the psychology of religion and spirituality.	18
Sanctification of diverse aspects of life and psychosocial functioning: A meta-analysis of studies from 1999 to 2019.	18
Religious/spiritual struggles and depression during COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in the global south: Evidence of moderation by positive religious coping and hope.	18
Apostasy and conversion: Attachment orientations and individual differences in the process of religious change.	17
A matter of faith: The role of religion, doubt, and personality in emerging adult mental health.	17
Green as the gospel: The power of stewardship messages to improve climate change attitudes.	17
Joint religiosity and married couples’ sexual satisfaction.	17
The role of religious fundamentalism and tightness-looseness in promoting collective narcissism and extreme group behavior.	15
Prayer and internal dialogical activity: How do they predict well-being?	15
Daily religious coping buffers the stress–affect relationship and benefits overall metabolic health in older adults.	14
Religious and spiritual struggles as a mediator of the link between stressful life events and psychological adjustment in a nationwide sample.	14
Does think mean the same thing as believe? Linguistic insights into religious cognition.	14
A mixed-methods approach to understanding the role of religion and spirituality in healthcare provider well-being.	13
“At its core, Islam is about standing with the oppressed”: Exploring transgender Muslims’ religious resilience.	12
What makes life meaningful for theists and atheists?	12
(Ir)reconcilable identities: Stories of religion and faith for sexual and gender minority refugees who fled from the Middle East, North Africa, and Asia to the European Union.	12

Towards a psychology of divine forgiveness.	12
Oneness beliefs and their effect on life satisfaction.	12
Pulling away from religion: Religious/spiritual struggles and religious disengagement among college students.	12
Daily measures of religious/spiritual struggles: Relations to depression, anxiety, satisfaction with life, and meaning.	12
A prospective study of clergy spiritual well-being, depressive symptoms, and occupational distress.	11
Religiosity and volunteering over time: Religious service attendance is associated with the likelihood of volunteering, and religious importance with time spent volunteering.	11
Measures of God representations: Theoretical framework and critical review.	11
Religious and spiritual struggles among transgender and gender-nonconforming adults.	10
Religious sexual minorities, belongingness, and suicide risk: Does it matter where belongingness comes from?	10
Uniting and dividing influences of religion in marriage among highly religious couples.	10
How parents balance desire for religious continuity with honoring children’s religious agency.	10
Evaluating the measure of diverse adolescent spirituality in samples of Mexican and Salvadoran youth.	10
How do religious congregations affect congregants’ attitudes toward lesbian women and gay men?	10
Religiosity and positive religious coping as predictors of Indonesian Muslim adolescents’ externalizing behavior and loneliness.	10
Examining the relationship between awe, spirituality, and religiosity.	10
Going beyond positive and negative: Clarifying relationships of specific religious coping styles with posttraumatic outcomes.	9
Who are the religious “dones?”: A cross-cultural latent profile analysis of formerly religious individuals.	9
Mediated association between spirituality and life satisfaction in chronically ill undergraduate students.	9
A curvilinear relationship between clear beliefs about God and self-concept clarity.	9
Supernatural operating rules: How people envision and experience God, the devil, ghosts/spirits, fate/destiny, karma, and luck.	9
Differential effects from aspects of religion on female genital mutilation/cutting.	8
Valid assessment of spiritual quality of life with the WHOQOL-SRPB BREF across religious, spiritual, and secular persons: A psychometric study.	8
Uniting and dividing influences of religion on parent–child relationships in highly religious families.	8
Religious/spiritual struggles and suicidal ideation in the COVID-19 era: Does the belief in divine control and religious attendance matter?	8
Are atheists unprejudiced? Forms of nonbelief and prejudice toward antiliberal and mainstream religious groups.	8
The RSS-14: Development and preliminary validation of a 14-item form of the Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale.	8
Religion as an embodied practice: Documenting the various forms, meanings, and associated experience of Christian prayer postures.	8
Fundamentalism as dogmatic belief, moral rigorism, and strong groupness across cultures: Dimensionality, underlying components, and related interreligious prejudice.	8
A cross-sectional investigation of divine struggles and suicide risk among men in early recovery from substance use disorders.	8
Measuring interfaith spirituality: Initial validation and psychometrics.	8
Job-spouse demands and work–family conflict: Role of religiosity and spirituality.	8
Disbelief, disengagement, discontinuance, and disaffiliation: An integrative framework for the study of religious deidentification.	8
Do you need religion to enjoy the benefits of Church services? Social bonding, morality and quality of life among religious and secular congregations.	7
Black–white biracial Christians, discrimination, and mental health: A moderated mediation model of church support and religious coping.	7
Beyond beliefs: Multidimensional aspects of religion and spirituality in language.	7
Adolescent suicide ideation in Utah: The role of religion and family.	7
Religious coping with interpersonal hurts: Psychosocial correlates of the brief RCOPE in four non-Western countries.	7
The role of religiousness and spirituality in health-related quality of life of persons living with HIV: A latent class analysis.	7
Parental stress and religious coping by mothers of children with autism.	7
Understanding the roles of religious comfort and strain on depressive symptoms in an inpatient psychiatric setting.	7
Dual pathways from religiousness to the virtue of patience versus anxiety among elite athletes.	7
Religious coping and depressive symptoms among Black Americans living with HIV: An intersectional approach.	7
In the wake of religious conversions: Differences in cognition and emotion across three religious communities of an indigenous tribe in Malaysia.	6
What are the core features and dimensions of “spirituality”? Applying a partial prototype analysis to understand how laypeople mentally represent spirituality as a concept.	6
Call and response: A six-wave study of bidirectional links between religiosity and spirituality among Pakistani Muslims during Ramadan.	6
The lived religion of grace: Exploring diverse Christian narratives.	6
Reaching resolution: The effect of prayer on psychological perspective and emotional acceptance.	6
Karma and God: Convergent and divergent mental representations of supernatural norm enforcement.	6
Will jurors believe nonbelievers? Perceptions of atheist rape victims in the courtroom.	6
The link between religiousness and prejudice: Testing competing explanations in an adolescent sample.	6

Drawn to the light: Predicting religiosity using “God is light” metaphor.	6
Cult conversion from the perspective of families: Implications for prevention and psychological intervention.	5
Intrinsic religiosity attenuates the negative relationship between social disconnectedness and meaning in life.	5
(Life) satisfaction guaranteed? Subjective well-being attenuates religious attendance–life satisfaction association.	5
Associations between spirituality and mental health in women exposed to adversity.	5
What do nonreligious nonbelievers believe in? Secular worldviews around the world.	5
The many faces of evangelicalism: Identifying subgroups using latent class analysis.	5
Religious coping, resilience, and involuntary displacement: A mixed-methods analysis of the experience of Syrian and Palestinian refugees in Jordan.	5
Approach, disengagement, protest, and suppression: Four behaviors toward God in the context of religious/spiritual struggle.	5
Effects of devotional prayer and secular meditation on cardiovascular response to a faith challenge among Christians.	5
The impact of diagnosis and religious orientation on mental illness stigma.	5
Religiosity and joint activities of husbands and wives in enduring marriages.	5
Parents’ spiritual struggles and stress: Associations with mental health and cognitive well-being following a neonatal intensive care unit experience.	5
Implicit and explicit attitudes towards God and life satisfaction.	5
Measuring Muslim religiosity and spirituality: Measurement invariance of Muslim attitudes toward religion and Muslim experiential religiousness scales across China, Iran, Malaysia, and Pakistan.	5
Moral stereotypes, moral self-image, and religiosity.	5
Explaining anti-atheist discrimination in the workplace: The role of intergroup threat.	5
Mothers’ perceptions of the role of religion in parent–child communication about a death in the family.	5
A multidimensional typology of religiosity in three-generation families.	4
Religiosity, shared identity, trust, and punishment of norm violations: No evidence of generalized prosociality.	4
Self-transcendence through self-inhibition?: God primes reduce self-accessibility.	4
Metaphors for god: God is high, bright, and human in implicit tasks.	4
Spiritual struggles and suicidal ideation in veterans seeking outpatient treatment: The mediating role of perceived burdensomeness.	4
Do peers mediate the association between religiosity and the alcohol use of Indonesian Muslim adolescents?	4
The minds of God, mortals, and in-betweens: Children’s developing understanding of extraordinary and ordinary minds across four countries.	4
Parents with greater religiosity lie less to their children.	4
Relationships between right-wing authoritarianism and spirituality in Japan.	4
Effects of religious intermittent dry fasting on religious experience and mindfulness: A longitudinal study among Baha’is.	4
Christian religious affiliation is associated with less posttraumatic stress symptoms through forgiveness but not search for meaning after hurricane Irma and Maria.	4
The role of karmic beliefs in immanent justice reasoning.	4
Religious and spiritual struggles around the 2016 and 2020 U.S. presidential elections.	4
A mixed-methods study of communing with and complaining to the divine: Imagined conversations with god among undergraduates reporting religious and spiritual struggles.	4
Conservation of resources theory and spirituality at work: When a resource is not always a resource.	4
Putting the science back in the scientific study of religiousness and spirituality: A commentary on Paloutzian and Park (2021).	4
Refining research on the intersection between sexual orientation, suicide, and religiosity.	4
Finances, religion, and the FAAR model: How religion exacerbates and alleviates financial stress.	4
In the valley of the shadow of death: The existential benefits of imbuing life and death with meaning.	4
Effectiveness of spiritual psychotherapy on attachment to God among adolescents with conduct disorder: A randomized controlled trial.	4
The Communion With God Scale: Shifting from an etic to emic perspective to assess fellowshipping with the Triune God.	3
Conversion motifs among Muslim converts in the United States.	3
Protecting the sacred tree: Conceptualizing spiritual abuse against Native American elders.	3
The role of spiritual fortitude in meaning and mental health symptoms following a natural disaster.	3
Psychological symptoms in Arab American women: Adverse childhood experiences, racism, and the role of religiosity.	3
Psychology of religion courses in the undergraduate curriculum.	3
Beliefs, practices, or culture? A mixed-method study of religion and body esteem.	3
The Assessment of Spirituality and Religious Sentiments (ASPIRES) scale: Examining a spiritual transcendence nomological net in Polish context.	3
The experience of sacred moments and mental health benefits over time.	3
Victimization and religious engagement: Links to school attachment and subsequent adjustment outcomes.	3
To believe or not to believe: Stereotypes about agnostics.	3
Differentiating personified, supernatural, and abstract views of God across three cognitive domains.	3
The protective role of identity integration against internalized sexual prejudice for religious gay men.	3
Exceptional human experiences among pilgrims on the Camino de Santiago: A typology of experiences and transformative aftereffects.	3
Is religiousness a unique predictor of self-esteem? An empirical investigation with a diverse Israeli sample.	3
Struggles reported integrating intense spiritual experiences: Results from a survey using the Integration of Spiritually Transformative Experiences Inventory.	3
Toward a psychology of divine forgiveness: 2. Initial component analysis.	3
Religiosity as a predictor of worry during stressful periods of uncertainty.	3
Confirmatory factor analysis and gender invariance of the Four Basic Dimensions of Religiousness Scale in India.	3
Divine forgiveness and interpersonal forgiveness: Which comes first?	3
Sexual without sex: A qualitative study of single emerging adult evangelical women.	3
Determinants of serving a mission: Senior volunteering among Latter-Day Saints.	3
You shall go forth with joy: Religion and aspirational judgments about emotion.	3
Are religious and nonreligious people different in terms of moral judgment and empathy?	3
Atheism is not the absence of religion: Development of the monotheist and atheist belief scales and associations with death anxiety and analytic thinking.	3
Religious head versus heart beliefs: Measurement development and validation.	3
Against methodological confinement: Toward a pluralism of methods and interpretations.	3
Religiosity and mistreatment among Christian and Muslim Arab Americans.	3
The relationship between religious practices and beliefs and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among transgender and gender diverse adults.	3
“Jesus was a White man too!”: The relationship between beliefs about Jesus’s race, racial attitudes, and ideologies that maintain racial hierarchies.	3
Perceptions of divine grace among members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.	2
Religiosity, spirituality, national narcissism, and prejudice toward refugees and sexual minorities in Poland.	2
Increased spiritual well-being following cardiovascular surgery influences one-year perceived posttraumatic growth.	2
Thinking at a higher level? Religion and spirituality contribute more to global cognitive patterns among Eastern Europeans and Americans than among Western Europeans.	2
The interrelationships between spiritual resources and work engagement.	2
Sexual identity and religious endorsement: The role of image of god and belief in punitive religious constructs.	2
Conflict associated with stronger parent-child religiosity in emerging adults, especially for sons.	2
Indigenizing an Islamic psychology.	2
Religiousness is associated with higher empathic concern—Evidence from self- and other-ratings.	2
Why do the devout remain devoted? Exploring religious expectations and relational compensators.	2
“Prayer is universal”: How integrative faith practices enable Indigenous peoples’ persistence and resistance to transcend historical oppression.	2
Religiosity, spirituality, and obsessive-compulsive disorder-related symptoms in clinical and nonclinical samples.	2

Perceived parental religiosity as a predictor of depression and substance use among LGBTQ+ individuals: The mediating role of perceived familial stigma.	2
Religious stewardship and pro-environmental action: The mediating roles of environmental guilt and anger.	2
Beyond sectarian boundaries: Dimensions of Muslim Canadian religiosity and the prediction of sociocultural attitudes.	2
Spiritual bypass as a moderator of the relationships between religious coping and psychological distress in Muslims living in the United States.	2
Worlds apart? Atheist, agnostic, and humanist worldviews in three European countries.	2
Young, Black, Muslim American: An intersectional lens to understanding emerging adult religious experiences.	2
Is grace amazing or old wine in a new bottle? Psychometric development of the Perceptions and Experiences of Grace Scale (PEGS).	2
The impact of prayer direction on emotional and cognitive responses to personal problems.	2
Zeal of the convert? Comparing religiousness between convert and nonconvert Muslims.	2
Initial psychometric properties of the Spiritual Bypass Scale in an Indian college student sample.	2
Religiousness and homonegativity in congregations: The role of individual, congregational, and clergy characteristics.	2
Values congruence and organizational commitment in churches: When do shared values matter?	2
Is the psychology of religiousness and spirituality a science? Yes.	2
Of Christians, Jews, and Muslims: When gender is unspecified, the default is men.	2
Individual-level trajectories of religiosity during adolescence and their implications for purpose.	2
Daily spiritual experiences and purpose in life: The mediating role of loneliness and moderating role of satisfaction with social and intimate relationships.	2
Faith, spirituality, and living the good life with quadriplegia.	2
Cultural life scripts across religions: The influences of religion on expectations of life events.	2
Existentially threatening stimuli increase religious cognitive dissonance among the less intrinsically religious.	2
Conflict between religious/spiritual and LGB identities in Portugal: How is it related to coming out experiences, LGB identity dimensions and well-being?	2
PTSD, religious coping, and interpersonal antecedents of suicidal desire among military veterans: An initial examination of moderation models.	2
An examination of the factor structure of the Penn Inventory of Scrupulosity-Revised (PIOS-R) in atheist and Christian samples.	2
Self-referencing affects perceptions of workplace discrimination against atheists.	2
Analytic thinking, religiosity, and defensiveness against secularism: Absence of causality.	2
Spiritual transcendence and helping behavior: Helping toward ingroups and outgroups.	2