Psychology of Religion and Spirituality

Article	Citations
Acknowledgment	85
Supplemental Material for The Questionnaire God Representations for Clinical and Scientific Use in the Context of Mental Health Care (QGR-17)	42
Transcendent accountability amplifies the link between accountability to people and patience and courage in goal pursuit.	39
The factor structure of the Duke University Religion Index: Continuing the conversation.	38
Supplemental Material for Experiences of Sexual and Gender Minority Students at Traditionally Christian and Nonreligious Institutions of Higher Education	37
Supplemental Material for A Longitudinal Study of Racism, Religion/Spirituality, and Health in a Nationwide Sample of Black Americans	36
Seeing god in this place: God concepts are associated with impressions of religious places.	36
The impact of diagnosis and religious orientation on mental illness stigma.	32
The development of the Christian Views of Suffering Scale.	31
Daily spiritual experiences and self-rated health in the midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study: Indirect effects via purpose in life.	29
Supplemental Material for Between- and Within-Person Effects of Divine Forgiveness on Depression, Rumination, and Flourishing	28
Spiritual transformation through pilgrimage: A grounded theory analysis of experiences in Taiwan, Japan, and Spain.	28
The relationship between religious practices and beliefs and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among transgender and gender diverse adults.	25
Supplemental Material for Plastic Piety: A Mixed-Methods Study of the Connection Between Religiosity, Cosmetic Surgery, and Body Image	25
Supplemental Material for The Codevelopment of Contingent Self-Worth and Religious Engagement in U.S. College Students	23
Supplemental Material for Psychological Functions of Religious Holidays Versus Nonreligious Vacation: Findings From a Series of Experiments About Shabbat	21
Stressful events, stress level, and psychological distress: A moderated mediation model with secure attachment to god as moderator.	21
Religious coping with interpersonal hurts: Psychosocial correlates of the brief RCOPE in four non-Western countries.	20
Divine forgiveness and interpersonal forgiveness: Which comes first?	19
Icons and paintings: Differences in psychological distance, empathy, and the feeling of personal communication.	18
Not as good as I would like to be: Moral self-discrepancy, religiosity, spirituality, and mental health.	18
Supplemental Material for The Social Pain of Religious Deidentification: Religious Dones Conceal Their Identity and Feel Less Belonging in Religious Cultures	18
Supplemental Material for Transcendent Accountability Amplifies the Link Between Accountability to People and Patience and Courage in Goal Pursuit	17
Supplemental Material for Of Christians, Jews, and Muslims: When Gender Is Unspecified, the Default Is Men	17
The RSS-14: Development and preliminary validation of a 14-item form of the Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale.	17

Spiritual transcendence and helping behavior: Helping toward ingroups and outgroups.	16
Relationship between numinous constructs and values.	16
Pure in heart: Perceived virtue states uniquely predict prosocial processes, spirituality, and well-being.	16
They are trying to harm me, but the world has a hidden plan for me: Cognitive correlates of conspirituality and its links to well-being indicators.	15
Supplemental Material for Spiritual Harm and Abuse in Religious Deidentification From Ultra-Orthodox Judaism	14
Karma rewards me and punishes you: Self–other divergences in karma beliefs.	14
How is forgivingness linked to religiousness, pessimism, and social cynicism? A longitudinal investigation for directional relationships.	13
Supplemental Material for Religious/Spiritual Struggles and Life Satisfaction Among Sexual Minorities	13
A longitudinal investigation of religious prosociality: What predicts it and who benefits?	12
Supplemental Material for The Development of the Christian Views of Suffering Scale	12
The specificity of the experience–belief relationship for paranormal and religious experiences and beliefs.	12
Religious/spiritual struggles and depression during COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in the global south: Evidence of moderation by positive religious coping and hope.	12
Supplemental Material for Karma Rewards Me and Punishes You: Self–Other Divergences in Karma Beliefs	12
Encompassing marvel of body and spirit: Daoist mysticism and interpretation.	11
Supplemental Material for “Prayer Is Universal”: How Integrative Faith Practices Enable Indigenous Peoples’ Persistence and Resistance to Transcend Historical Oppression	11
Daily spiritual experiences and purpose in life: The mediating role of loneliness and moderating role of satisfaction with social and intimate relationships.	11
Religious coping, resilience, and involuntary displacement: A mixed-methods analysis of the experience of Syrian and Palestinian refugees in Jordan.	11
Supplemental Material for Attachment to Mother, Father, and God: Testing for Latent Profiles of the Correspondence and Compensation Hypotheses and Their Relation to Well-Being Among U.S. Emerging Adul	10
Time-varying and gender differences in religious socialization and associations with Muslim American adolescents’ religious identity.	10
Supplemental Material for Children’s Beliefs About God’s Intervention in Everyday Life	10
Body image and religion: Explicit and implicit attitudes among three denominations of Jewish women.	9
A longitudinal study of racism, religion/spirituality, and health in a nationwide sample of Black Americans.	9
Supplemental Material for Perceptions of Divine Grace Among Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints	9
Atheism is not the absence of religion: Development of the monotheist and atheist belief scales and associations with death anxiety and analytic thinking.	9
Zeal of the convert? Comparing religiousness between convert and nonconvert Muslims.	9
Supplemental Material for The Experiences of Faith and Church Community Among Christian Adults With Mental Illness: A Qualitative Metasynthesis	9
Religious contingent self-worth in U.S. Christians: A latent profile analysis.	8
Toward enlightenment: Dissolving the ego and expanding the world through mindfulness and psychedelics.	8
Individual-level trajectories of religiosity during adolescence and their implications for purpose.	8
Religiosity, spirituality, and mental health in eight countries.	8
Fundamentalism as dogmatic belief, moral rigorism, and strong groupness across cultures: Dimensionality, underlying components, and related interreligious prejudice.	7
Differentiating personified, supernatural, and abstract views of God across three cognitive domains.	7
The cosmic battle: Belief in a warrior god, a powerful devil, and a serious threat of hell relates to QAnon beliefs, generic conspiracist beliefs, and seeing political opponents as evil.	7
To hell with the devil:Lingering negative religious beliefs among religious dones.	7
Supplemental Material for Religious Identity and Intersectional Privilege: (A)Symmetric Biases in Christians and Atheists Are Unaffected by Prompts to Consider Religious and Racial Privilege	7
Psychological functions of religious holidays versus nonreligious vacation: Findings from a series of experiments about Shabbat.	7
Recycling, relatedness, and reincarnation: Religious beliefs about nature and the afterlife as predictors of sustainability practices.	7
Sanctification of diverse aspects of life and psychosocial functioning: A meta-analysis of studies from 1999 to 2019.	7
“Jesus was a White man too!”: The relationship between beliefs about Jesus’s race, racial attitudes, and ideologies that maintain racial hierarchies.	7
Supplemental Material for Multidimensional Religious Identity Predicts Muslim American Adolescent Mental Health, Well-Being, and Purpose	7
Spirituality and meaning-making across contexts: Structural topic modeling of the Fetzer spirituality study in the United States.	7
Religious stewardship and pro-environmental action: The mediating roles of environmental guilt and anger.	7
Children’s beliefs about God’s intervention in everyday life.	7
In the valley of the shadow of death: The existential benefits of imbuing life and death with meaning.	7
Religious/spiritual struggles and life satisfaction among sexual minorities.	7
Religion as an embodied practice: Documenting the various forms, meanings, and associated experience of Christian prayer postures.	7
Religiousness and homonegativity in congregations: The role of individual, congregational, and clergy characteristics.	6
The impact of general and religious/spiritual minority stressors on LGBTQ+ individuals’ spiritual health.	6
Multidimensional religious identity predicts Muslim American adolescent mental health, well-being, and purpose.	6
Supplemental Material for Encompassing Marvel of Body and Spirit: Daoist Mysticism and Interpretation	6

Supplemental Material for Definitions of Meditation Among Lay People: A Mixed Method Examination Considering the Roles of Meditation Experience, Religion, and Spirituality	6
Supplemental Material for Fallout of Faith in Iran: How Religious Leaders’ Hypocrisy Undermines Beliefs While Parents’ Devotion Sustains It	6
Supplemental Material for Religion-Justified Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Psychological Maladjustment	6
Christian religious affiliation is associated with less posttraumatic stress symptoms through forgiveness but not search for meaning after hurricane Irma and Maria.	5
Exploring conceptions of patience among a sample of Muslim, Buddhist, Christian, and nonreligious young adults.	5
Is religiousness a unique predictor of self-esteem? An empirical investigation with a diverse Israeli sample.	5
The Questionnaire God Representations for clinical and scientific use in the context of mental health care (QGR-17).	5
Religiosity predicts unreasonable coping with COVID-19.	5
Supplemental Material for Hostile and Prosocial Reactions to Christian Privilege in the United States: A Registered Report	5
Acknowledgment	5
The four horsemen of religious deidentification.	5
Self-identity orientation and religious identity: An application of the tetrapartite model of self.	5
Religious affiliation, self-stigma, and economic outcomes among the Quichua of Ecuador.	5
A person-centered approach to the dark triad traits and religiousness: Examining differences in intellectual humility, prosociality, and mental health in U.S. college students.	5
The God Attachment Questionnaire: Development and validation of an avoidant and anxious god attachment measure.	4
Assessing the effect of increased analytic thinking on religious beliefs.	4
Experiences of sexual and gender minority students at traditionally Christian and nonreligious institutions of higher education.	4
The social pain of religious deidentification: Religious dones conceal their identity and feel less belonging in religious cultures.	4
Where are we, and where should we go? An introduction to Davis et al., “Sixty years of studying the sacred: Auditing and advancing the psychology of religion and spirituality”.	4
Relationships between right-wing authoritarianism and spirituality in Japan.	4
Conservation of resources theory and spirituality at work: When a resource is not always a resource.	4
Supplemental Material for Religion and Well-Being: What Is the Magnitude and the Practical Significance of the Relationship?	4
Empirical validation of “selflessness” as a neuropsychological foundation of spiritual transcendence.	4
Supplemental Material for The Language of Religious and Secular Practices: A Mixed Method Analysis	4
Plastic piety: A mixed-methods study of the connection between religiosity, cosmetic surgery, and body image.	4
Supplemental Material for The Varieties of Spiritual Ties to Place: A Latent Class Analysis	4
The language of religious and secular practices: A mixed method analysis.	3
Meaning behind the movement: Attributing sacred meaning to fluid and nonfluid arm movements increases self-transcendent positive emotions and buffers the effects of nonfluidity on positive emotions.	3
Supplemental Material for Is Belief Priming Associated With Prosocial Intentions? Experimental Evidence From Turkey	3
“At its core, Islam is about standing with the oppressed”: Exploring transgender Muslims’ religious resilience.	3
Supplemental Material for Spirituality and Meaning-Making Across Contexts: Structural Topic Modeling of the Fetzer Spirituality Study in the United States	3
The codevelopment of contingent self-worth and religious engagement in U.S. college students.	3
Do peers mediate the association between religiosity and the alcohol use of Indonesian Muslim adolescents?	3
Supplemental Material for Perceptions of Psychedelic Use by Adults in the United States: Perceived Psychospiritual Benefits and Risks, Including Spiritual Struggles	3
Supernatural operating rules: How people envision and experience God, the devil, ghosts/spirits, fate/destiny, karma, and luck.	3
Supplemental Material for The Temporal Relationship Between Religious Motivations and Purpose: A Cross-Lagged Panel Model Approach	3
Religiosity, spirituality, national narcissism, and prejudice toward refugees and sexual minorities in Poland.	3
Supplemental Material for Are Agnostics Associated With Immorality to the Same Degree as Atheists?	3
Supplemental Material for Life Loses Some Meaning After Leaving Religion	3
Supplemental Material for Attitudes Toward Aging and Happiness Among Chinese Older Adults: Spirituality as a Mediator	2
Supplemental Material for An Investigation of the Construct Validity of Spiritual Readiness in a Sample of Active Duty Army Personnel	2
Are agnostics associated with immorality to the same degree as atheists?	2
Supplemental Material for The Feeling Is Not Mutual: Religious Belief Predicts Compatibility Between Science and Religion, but Scientific Belief Predicts Conflict	2
Psychological symptoms in Arab American women: Adverse childhood experiences, racism, and the role of religiosity.	2
Disagreeing well: The role of virtues among Christians in conflict in the United States.	2
Worlds apart? Atheist, agnostic, and humanist worldviews in three European countries.	2
Development and validation of the Where-Being of God Scale.	2
Supplemental Material for When Catholic and Polish Identity Goals Meet: Goal Overlap via a Sense of Belonging	2
“Prayer is universal”: How integrative faith practices enable Indigenous peoples’ persistence and resistance to transcend historical oppression.	2
Black–white biracial Christians, discrimination, and mental health: A moderated mediation model of church support and religious coping.	2
Divine forgiveness and psychological health: The role of divine intervention.	2
Unpacking the ways in which different forms of belonging relate to well-being for religious LGBTQ+ people in the United States.	2
The Divine Forgiveness Questionnaire: Developing and validating a measure of the experience of God’s forgiveness across the abrahamic religions.	2
Lay theories of mating interest and mate retention strategies for atheists and theists in the Southern United States.	2
A meta-analytic comparison of longitudinal changes in scores on the Religious Spiritual and Struggles Scale and mental health symptom measures.	2
Is belief priming associated with prosocial intentions? Experimental evidence from Turkey.	2
Nuanced associations of maternal religious beliefs and patriarchal values with children’s academic achievement.	2
Religion-justified childhood maltreatment and adult psychological maladjustment.	2
Supplemental Material for Torn at the Seams: Moral Struggles Surrounding Same-Sex Relationships in Christian-Raised Individuals Reporting Same-Sex Attraction	2
Supplemental Material for Nuanced Associations of Maternal Religious Beliefs and Patriarchal Values With Children’s Academic Achievement	2
Examining the relationship between awe, spirituality, and religiosity.	2
Supplemental Material for Religious Service Attendance and Common Mental Disorders and Well-Being: Causal Effects Based on a Longitudinal Marginal Structural Model Approach	2
Disclosure of afterdeath communication: A mixed-methods approach.	2
Supplemental Material for Dimensionality of Scrupulosity and Its Associations With Obsessive-Compulsive Symptomatology in a Nonclinical Sample: A Network Approach	2
Exploring mindfulness, compassion, caring for bliss, gratitude, forgiveness, and generosity in relation to college students’ genuine happiness: A two-wave longitudinal study.	2
Many reasons for religious doubt: Links with doubt struggles, mental health, and an open, humble, questing orientation.	2
Acknowledgment	1
Supplemental Material for Meaning in Science as a Response to Existential Threat	1
The protective role of identity integration against internalized sexual prejudice for religious gay men.	1
Call and response: A six-wave study of bidirectional links between religiosity and spirituality among Pakistani Muslims during Ramadan.	1
A mixed-methods study of communing with and complaining to the divine: Imagined conversations with god among undergraduates reporting religious and spiritual struggles.	1
Fallout of faith in Iran: How religious leaders’ hypocrisy undermines beliefs while parents’ devotion sustains it.	1
Faith development as change in religious types: Results from three-wave longitudinal data with faith development interviews.	1
Correction to “The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on spiritual well-being and hope in patients with breast cancer: A randomized controlled trial” by Wang et al. (2024).	1
Why do the devout remain devoted? Exploring religious expectations and relational compensators.	1
Religiosity and mistreatment among Christian and Muslim Arab Americans.	1
When catholic and polish identity goals meet: Goal overlap via a sense of belonging.	1
Parent religiosity as a protective and promotive factor in reducing future arrest in youth with antisocial and conventional peers.	1
Sixty years of studying the sacred: Auditing and advancing the psychology of religion and spirituality.	1
Between- and within-person effects of divine forgiveness on depression, rumination, and flourishing.	1

Young adults using apps for alternative spirituality.	1
Towards a psychology of divine forgiveness.	1
Religious/spiritual struggles, patience, and anxiety: A longitudinal examination of virtue and vulnerability.	1
The role of holistic religiosity on mental health and mental illness: A global study of Muslims.	1
Of Christians, Jews, and Muslims: When gender is unspecified, the default is men.	1
Supplemental Material for Meaning Making Enhances Gratitude to God: The Importance of Spiritual Appraisals	1
Can religious affiliation protect mothers from work–family conflict? A study of Jewish ultra-Orthodox and non-ultra-Orthodox mothers.	1
The temporal relationship between religious motivations and purpose: A cross-lagged panel model approach.	1
Revisiting feeling of threat and agency detection: A preregistered virtual reality study.	1
Religiosity as a predictor of worry during stressful periods of uncertainty.	1
What factors buffer the effects of parent–adolescent religious discrepancy to preserve parent–child connectedness?	1
Supplemental Material for Affordances of Costly Religious Practices for Mating	1
Supplemental Material for Religious Contingent Self-Worth in U.S. Christians: A Latent Profile Analysis	1
Supplemental Material for The Divine Forgiveness Questionnaire: Developing and Validating a Measure of the Experience of God’s Forgiveness Across the Abrahamic Religions	1
Beyond beliefs: Multidimensional aspects of religion and spirituality in language.	1
You shall go forth with joy: Religion and aspirational judgments about emotion.	1
How does psychedelic use relate to aspects of religiosity/spirituality? Preregistered report from a birth cohort study and a prospective longitudinal study.	1
Meaning in science as a response to existential threat.	1
Sanctifying suffering and fostering self-forgiveness: Exploring pathways to well-being in chronic pain management.	1
Effects of prayer frequency and orientations on distress and well-being: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from Indonesian adults.	1
Spiritual harm and abuse in religious deidentification from ultra-Orthodox Judaism.	1
Transcendent indebtedness to God: A new construct in the psychology of religion and spirituality.	1
Approach, disengagement, protest, and suppression: Four behaviors toward God in the context of religious/spiritual struggle.	1
The power of presence: Well-being and biopsychosocial effects of virtual versus in-person religious services.	1
The lived religion of grace: Exploring diverse Christian narratives.	1
Attitudes toward genomic health care among Christian dones in the United States.	1
Supplemental Material for In the Wake of Religious Conversions: Differences in Cognition and Emotion Across Three Religious Communities of an Indigenous Tribe in Malaysia	1
Supplemental Material for Not as Good as I Would Like to Be: Moral Self-Discrepancy, Religiosity, Spirituality, and Mental Health	1
Dimensionality of scrupulosity and its associations with obsessive-compulsive symptomatology in a nonclinical sample: A network approach.	1