Psychology of Religion and Spirituality

Article	Citations
Religious and spiritual struggles and their links to psychological adjustment: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.	45
The psychology of religion and spirituality: How big the tent?	36
Religious identity and psychological well-being among middle-eastern migrants in Australia: The mediating role of perceived social support, social connectedness, and perceived discrimination.	35
The role of religiousness and beliefs about sexuality in well-being among sexual minority mormons.	27
Religiosity predicts unreasonable coping with COVID-19.	23
Transcendent indebtedness to God: A new construct in the psychology of religion and spirituality.	22
Theistic relational spirituality: Development, dynamics, health, and transformation.	22
Religious/spiritual struggles and depression during COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in the global south: Evidence of moderation by positive religious coping and hope.	22
Sanctification of diverse aspects of life and psychosocial functioning: A meta-analysis of studies from 1999 to 2019.	20
Green as the gospel: The power of stewardship messages to improve climate change attitudes.	19
Daily religious coping buffers the stress–affect relationship and benefits overall metabolic health in older adults.	19
Apostasy and conversion: Attachment orientations and individual differences in the process of religious change.	17
“At its core, Islam is about standing with the oppressed”: Exploring transgender Muslims’ religious resilience.	17
Prayer and internal dialogical activity: How do they predict well-being?	17
Religious and spiritual struggles among transgender and gender-nonconforming adults.	16
Religious and spiritual struggles as a mediator of the link between stressful life events and psychological adjustment in a nationwide sample.	16
Does think mean the same thing as believe? Linguistic insights into religious cognition.	15
A mixed-methods approach to understanding the role of religion and spirituality in healthcare provider well-being.	15
What makes life meaningful for theists and atheists?	14
Towards a psychology of divine forgiveness.	14
Pulling away from religion: Religious/spiritual struggles and religious disengagement among college students.	13
(Ir)reconcilable identities: Stories of religion and faith for sexual and gender minority refugees who fled from the Middle East, North Africa, and Asia to the European Union.	13
Religious sexual minorities, belongingness, and suicide risk: Does it matter where belongingness comes from?	13
Oneness beliefs and their effect on life satisfaction.	13
A prospective study of clergy spiritual well-being, depressive symptoms, and occupational distress.	13

Daily measures of religious/spiritual struggles: Relations to depression, anxiety, satisfaction with life, and meaning.	13
Measures of God representations: Theoretical framework and critical review.	12
Religion as an embodied practice: Documenting the various forms, meanings, and associated experience of Christian prayer postures.	12
A curvilinear relationship between clear beliefs about God and self-concept clarity.	12
Religiosity and positive religious coping as predictors of Indonesian Muslim adolescents’ externalizing behavior and loneliness.	12
How parents balance desire for religious continuity with honoring children’s religious agency.	11
Fundamentalism as dogmatic belief, moral rigorism, and strong groupness across cultures: Dimensionality, underlying components, and related interreligious prejudice.	11
Examining the relationship between awe, spirituality, and religiosity.	11
Religiosity and volunteering over time: Religious service attendance is associated with the likelihood of volunteering, and religious importance with time spent volunteering.	11
The RSS-14: Development and preliminary validation of a 14-item form of the Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale.	11
How do religious congregations affect congregants’ attitudes toward lesbian women and gay men?	11
Uniting and dividing influences of religion on parent–child relationships in highly religious families.	10
Who are the religious “dones?”: A cross-cultural latent profile analysis of formerly religious individuals.	10
Beyond beliefs: Multidimensional aspects of religion and spirituality in language.	10
Are atheists unprejudiced? Forms of nonbelief and prejudice toward antiliberal and mainstream religious groups.	10
Supernatural operating rules: How people envision and experience God, the devil, ghosts/spirits, fate/destiny, karma, and luck.	10
In the wake of religious conversions: Differences in cognition and emotion across three religious communities of an indigenous tribe in Malaysia.	9
Black–white biracial Christians, discrimination, and mental health: A moderated mediation model of church support and religious coping.	9
Disbelief, disengagement, discontinuance, and disaffiliation: An integrative framework for the study of religious deidentification.	9
Valid assessment of spiritual quality of life with the WHOQOL-SRPB BREF across religious, spiritual, and secular persons: A psychometric study.	9
Measuring interfaith spirituality: Initial validation and psychometrics.	9
What are the core features and dimensions of “spirituality”? Applying a partial prototype analysis to understand how laypeople mentally represent spirituality as a concept.	9
Religious coping with interpersonal hurts: Psychosocial correlates of the brief RCOPE in four non-Western countries.	9
Evaluating the measure of diverse adolescent spirituality in samples of Mexican and Salvadoran youth.	8
The role of religiousness and spirituality in health-related quality of life of persons living with HIV: A latent class analysis.	8
What do nonreligious nonbelievers believe in? Secular worldviews around the world.	8
Differential effects from aspects of religion on female genital mutilation/cutting.	8
Drawn to the light: Predicting religiosity using “God is light” metaphor.	8
Do you need religion to enjoy the benefits of Church services? Social bonding, morality and quality of life among religious and secular congregations.	8
Religious coping, resilience, and involuntary displacement: A mixed-methods analysis of the experience of Syrian and Palestinian refugees in Jordan.	8
Religious/spiritual struggles and suicidal ideation in the COVID-19 era: Does the belief in divine control and religious attendance matter?	8
Karma and God: Convergent and divergent mental representations of supernatural norm enforcement.	7
Call and response: A six-wave study of bidirectional links between religiosity and spirituality among Pakistani Muslims during Ramadan.	7
Adolescent suicide ideation in Utah: The role of religion and family.	7
The impact of diagnosis and religious orientation on mental illness stigma.	7
Intrinsic religiosity attenuates the negative relationship between social disconnectedness and meaning in life.	7
A multidimensional typology of religiosity in three-generation families.	6
Cult conversion from the perspective of families: Implications for prevention and psychological intervention.	6
(Life) satisfaction guaranteed? Subjective well-being attenuates religious attendance–life satisfaction association.	6
Measuring Muslim religiosity and spirituality: Measurement invariance of Muslim attitudes toward religion and Muslim experiential religiousness scales across China, Iran, Malaysia, and Pakistan.	6
Effects of devotional prayer and secular meditation on cardiovascular response to a faith challenge among Christians.	6
Conservation of resources theory and spirituality at work: When a resource is not always a resource.	6
Worlds apart? Atheist, agnostic, and humanist worldviews in three European countries.	6
Implicit and explicit attitudes towards God and life satisfaction.	6
Metaphors for god: God is high, bright, and human in implicit tasks.	6
Associations between spirituality and mental health in women exposed to adversity.	6
Explaining anti-atheist discrimination in the workplace: The role of intergroup threat.	6
Will jurors believe nonbelievers? Perceptions of atheist rape victims in the courtroom.	6
Parents’ spiritual struggles and stress: Associations with mental health and cognitive well-being following a neonatal intensive care unit experience.	6
The lived religion of grace: Exploring diverse Christian narratives.	6

Moral stereotypes, moral self-image, and religiosity.	6
Being agnostic, not atheist: Personality, cognitive, and ideological differences.	5
The link between religiousness and prejudice: Testing competing explanations in an adolescent sample.	5
To believe or not to believe: Stereotypes about agnostics.	5
Do peers mediate the association between religiosity and the alcohol use of Indonesian Muslim adolescents?	5
You shall go forth with joy: Religion and aspirational judgments about emotion.	5
Religiosity and joint activities of husbands and wives in enduring marriages.	5
Toward a psychology of divine forgiveness: 2. Initial component analysis.	5
Struggles reported integrating intense spiritual experiences: Results from a survey using the Integration of Spiritually Transformative Experiences Inventory.	5
Approach, disengagement, protest, and suppression: Four behaviors toward God in the context of religious/spiritual struggle.	5
Finances, religion, and the FAAR model: How religion exacerbates and alleviates financial stress.	5
A mixed-methods study of communing with and complaining to the divine: Imagined conversations with god among undergraduates reporting religious and spiritual struggles.	5
Religiosity, shared identity, trust, and punishment of norm violations: No evidence of generalized prosociality.	5
Protecting the sacred tree: Conceptualizing spiritual abuse against Native American elders.	5
Mothers’ perceptions of the role of religion in parent–child communication about a death in the family.	5
Psychological symptoms in Arab American women: Adverse childhood experiences, racism, and the role of religiosity.	5
Conflict between religious/spiritual and LGB identities in Portugal: How is it related to coming out experiences, LGB identity dimensions and well-being?	5
Religion and well-being: What is the magnitude and the practical significance of the relationship?	5
The role of karmic beliefs in immanent justice reasoning.	5
Parents with greater religiosity lie less to their children.	5
Indigenizing an Islamic psychology.	5
The many faces of evangelicalism: Identifying subgroups using latent class analysis.	5
The role of spiritual fortitude in meaning and mental health symptoms following a natural disaster.	4
Cultural life scripts across religions: The influences of religion on expectations of life events.	4
Christian religious affiliation is associated with less posttraumatic stress symptoms through forgiveness but not search for meaning after hurricane Irma and Maria.	4
Divine forgiveness and interpersonal forgiveness: Which comes first?	4
In the valley of the shadow of death: The existential benefits of imbuing life and death with meaning.	4
The minds of God, mortals, and in-betweens: Children’s developing understanding of extraordinary and ordinary minds across four countries.	4
An examination of the factor structure of the Penn Inventory of Scrupulosity-Revised (PIOS-R) in atheist and Christian samples.	4
Are religious and nonreligious people different in terms of moral judgment and empathy?	4
Self-transcendence through self-inhibition?: God primes reduce self-accessibility.	4
The experience of sacred moments and mental health benefits over time.	4
The Communion With God Scale: Shifting from an etic to emic perspective to assess fellowshipping with the Triune God.	4
Determinants of serving a mission: Senior volunteering among Latter-Day Saints.	4
Relationships between right-wing authoritarianism and spirituality in Japan.	4
Putting the science back in the scientific study of religiousness and spirituality: A commentary on Paloutzian and Park (2021).	4
Refining research on the intersection between sexual orientation, suicide, and religiosity.	4
Confirmatory factor analysis and gender invariance of the Four Basic Dimensions of Religiousness Scale in India.	4
Conversion motifs among Muslim converts in the United States.	4
Religiosity, spirituality, national narcissism, and prejudice toward refugees and sexual minorities in Poland.	4
Religious and spiritual struggles around the 2016 and 2020 U.S. presidential elections.	3
Differentiating personified, supernatural, and abstract views of God across three cognitive domains.	3
Exceptional human experiences among pilgrims on the Camino de Santiago: A typology of experiences and transformative aftereffects.	3
The protective role of identity integration against internalized sexual prejudice for religious gay men.	3
Religious head versus heart beliefs: Measurement development and validation.	3
The Assessment of Spirituality and Religious Sentiments (ASPIRES) scale: Examining a spiritual transcendence nomological net in Polish context.	3
Religiousness is associated with higher empathic concern—Evidence from self- and other-ratings.	3
Religiosity and mistreatment among Christian and Muslim Arab Americans.	3
Superstition makes you less deontological: Explaining the moral function of superstition by compensatory control theory.	3
Religious/spiritual struggles and life satisfaction among sexual minorities.	3
Beyond sectarian boundaries: Dimensions of Muslim Canadian religiosity and the prediction of sociocultural attitudes.	3
Sixty years of studying the sacred: Auditing and advancing the psychology of religion and spirituality.	3
Atheism is not the absence of religion: Development of the monotheist and atheist belief scales and associations with death anxiety and analytic thinking.	3
Is grace amazing or old wine in a new bottle? Psychometric development of the Perceptions and Experiences of Grace Scale (PEGS).	3
Against methodological confinement: Toward a pluralism of methods and interpretations.	3
“Prayer is universal”: How integrative faith practices enable Indigenous peoples’ persistence and resistance to transcend historical oppression.	3
Religiosity as a predictor of worry during stressful periods of uncertainty.	3
Perceptions of divine grace among members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.	3
The relationship between religious practices and beliefs and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among transgender and gender diverse adults.	3
Spiritual struggles and suicidal ideation in veterans seeking outpatient treatment: The mediating role of perceived burdensomeness.	3
Recycling, relatedness, and reincarnation: Religious beliefs about nature and the afterlife as predictors of sustainability practices.	3
Spiritual bypass as a moderator of the relationships between religious coping and psychological distress in Muslims living in the United States.	3
The interrelationships between spiritual resources and work engagement.	3
Beliefs, practices, or culture? A mixed-method study of religion and body esteem.	3
Religiousness and homonegativity in congregations: The role of individual, congregational, and clergy characteristics.	3
A relational model of state of forgiveness and spirituality and their influence on well-being: A two-wave longitudinal study of women with a sexual assault history.	3
The impact of prayer direction on emotional and cognitive responses to personal problems.	3
Internalized model minority myth, God representations, and mental health among Christian Asian Americans.	3
“Jesus was a White man too!”: The relationship between beliefs about Jesus’s race, racial attitudes, and ideologies that maintain racial hierarchies.	3
Perceived parental religiosity as a predictor of depression and substance use among LGBTQ+ individuals: The mediating role of perceived familial stigma.	2
Religiosity, spirituality, and obsessive-compulsive disorder-related symptoms in clinical and nonclinical samples.	2
Of Christians, Jews, and Muslims: When gender is unspecified, the default is men.	2
Fundamentalism and intrinsic religiosity as factors in well-being and social connectedness: An Iranian study.	2
Threat, fundamentalism, and Islamophobia: Assessing the factors associated with negative attitudes toward Muslims.	2
A person-centered approach to the dark triad traits and religiousness: Examining differences in intellectual humility, prosociality, and mental health in U.S. college students.	2
“It’s the God factor”: A qualitative study of Syrian Muslims’ postwar religious meaning-making.	2
Sexual identity and religious endorsement: The role of image of god and belief in punitive religious constructs.	2
Analytic thinking, religiosity, and defensiveness against secularism: Absence of causality.	2
Initial psychometric properties of the Spiritual Bypass Scale in an Indian college student sample.	2
Stressful events, stress level, and psychological distress: A moderated mediation model with secure attachment to god as moderator.	2

Religious stewardship and pro-environmental action: The mediating roles of environmental guilt and anger.	2
Family religiosity, support, and psychological well-being for sexual minority atheist individuals.	2
Zeal of the convert? Comparing religiousness between convert and nonconvert Muslims.	2
Daily spiritual experiences and purpose in life: The mediating role of loneliness and moderating role of satisfaction with social and intimate relationships.	2
Associations between religious coping and long-term mental health in survivors of Hurricane Katrina.	2
Effects of religious intermittent dry fasting on religious experience and mindfulness: A longitudinal study among Baha’is.	2
Is religiousness a unique predictor of self-esteem? An empirical investigation with a diverse Israeli sample.	2
Relationship between numinous constructs and values.	2
Why do the devout remain devoted? Exploring religious expectations and relational compensators.	2
Is the psychology of religiousness and spirituality a science? Yes.	2
Individual-level trajectories of religiosity during adolescence and their implications for purpose.	2
Bidirectional associations between Tibetan Buddhism and vertical space.	2
Existentially threatening stimuli increase religious cognitive dissonance among the less intrinsically religious.	2
Thinking at a higher level? Religion and spirituality contribute more to global cognitive patterns among Eastern Europeans and Americans than among Western Europeans.	2
A quasi-experimental study of an adjunctive, online psychoeducational module on religious coping for Christian outpatients with depression or anxiety.	2
A longitudinal investigation of religious prosociality: What predicts it and who benefits?	2
Self-referencing affects perceptions of workplace discrimination against atheists.	2
Spiritual transcendence and helping behavior: Helping toward ingroups and outgroups.	2