IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies

Article	Citations
Constructing an Edu-Metaverse Ecosystem: A New and Innovative Framework	114
Augmented Reality and Engineering Education: A Systematic Review	50
A Comparison of Procedural Safety Training in Three Conditions: Virtual Reality Headset, Smartphone, and Printed Materials	37
Affordances and Core Functions of Smart Learning Environments: A Systematic Literature Review	36
Taxonomy of Virtual and Augmented Reality Applications in Education	35
Educational Practices and Strategies With Immersive Learning Environments: Mapping of Reviews for Using the Metaverse	33
Metaverse in Education: Contributors, Cooperations, and Research Themes	33
Analyzing Large Collections of Open-Ended Feedback From MOOC Learners Using LDA Topic Modeling and Qualitative Analysis	31
LD–LP Generation of Personalized Learning Path Based on Learning Diagnosis	26
Into the Brave New Metaverse: Envisaging Future Language Teaching and Learning	25
Unleashing ChatGPT's Power: A Case Study on Optimizing Information Retrieval in Flipped Classrooms via Prompt Engineering	25
Automating Gamification Personalization to the User and Beyond	24
Architecting Analytics Across Multiple E-Learning Systems to Enhance Learning Design	24
Evaluating the Quality of Learning Resources: A Learnersourcing Approach	23
Tools Designed to Support Self-Regulated Learning in Online Learning Environments: A Systematic Review	23
Introducing Algorithmic Thinking and Sequencing Using Tangible Robots	23
Literature Review on Co-Located Collaboration Modeling Using Multimodal Learning Analytics—Can We Go the Whole Nine Yards?	23
Wearable Technology in Education: A Systematic Review	22
Impact of Immersive Virtual Reality Content Using 360-Degree Videos in Undergraduate Education	22
Advancing Education Through Extended Reality and Internet of Everything Enabled Metaverses: Applications, Challenges, and Open Issues	21
Student Perceptions of ChatGPT Use in a College Essay Assignment: Implications for Learning, Grading, and Trust in Artificial Intelligence	21
CMKT: Concept Map Driven Knowledge Tracing	21
Automatic Short-Answer Grading via BERT-Based Deep Neural Networks	21
Leveraging Class Balancing Techniques to Alleviate Algorithmic Bias for Predictive Tasks in Education	20
Serious Game Design in Health Education: A Systematic Review	20

Perception Engineering Learning With Virtual Reality	20
Homogeneous Group Formation in Collaborative Learning Scenarios: An Approach Based on Personality Traits and Genetic Algorithms	20
Capacity Tracing-Enhanced Course Recommendation in MOOCs	19
Collaborative Game-Based Environment and Assessment Tool for Learning Computational Thinking in Primary School: A Case Study	18
The Impact of Game Elements on Learner Motivation: Influence of Initial Motivation and Player Profile	17
Logistic Knowledge Tracing: A Constrained Framework for Learner Modeling	16
An Approach to Group Formation in Collaborative Learning Using Learning Paths in Learning Management Systems	16
Automatic Content Analysis of Online Discussions for Cognitive Presence: A Study of the Generalizability Across Educational Contexts	16
Differentiated Teaching With Adaptive Learning Systems and Teacher Dashboards: The Teacher Still Matters Most	15
A Study of Strategies for Developing Online Laboratories	15
Learning to Rank for Educational Search Engines	15
Augmented Reality With Authentic GeometryGo App to Help Geometry Learning and Assessments	14
Design of an Intelligent Agent to Measure Collaboration and Verbal-Communication Skills of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Collaborative Puzzle Games	14
Automated Educative Nudges to Reduce Missed Assignments in College	14
Toward an Edu-Metaverse of Knowledge: Immersive Exploration of University Courses	14
Engaging Students in Distance Learning of Science With Remote Labs 2.0	14
An Infrastructure to Deliver Synchronous Remote Programming Labs	13
Xiao-Shih: A Self-Enriched Question Answering Bot With Machine Learning on Chinese-Based MOOCs	13
Design and Evaluation of a Choreography-Based Virtual Reality Authoring Tool for Experiential Learning in Industrial Training	13
A Framework for Constructing a Technology -Enhanced Education Metaverse: Learner Engagement With Human–Machine Collaboration	12
Adaptive Learning Support System Based on Automatic Recommendation of Personalized Review Materials	12
The Descriptive Features and Quantitative Aspects of Students’ Observed Online Learning: How Are They Related to Self-Reported Perceptions and Learning Outcomes?	12
MOOC-BERT: Automatically Identifying Learner Cognitive Presence From MOOC Discussion Data	12
Effects of an Ambient Learning Display on Noise Levels and Perceived Learning in a Secondary School	12
Storytelling With Learner Data: Guiding Student Reflection on Multimodal Team Data	12
Gea2: A Serious Game for Technology-Enhanced Learning in STEM	12
Promoting Computational Thinking Skills in Non-Computer-Science Students: Gamifying Computational Notebooks to Increase Student Engagement	12
Data-Driven Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Comprehensive Review	12
Mining Sequential Learning Trajectories With Hidden Markov Models For Early Prediction of At-Risk Students in E-Learning Environments	11
The Future of Educational Technologies for Engineering Education	11
A Systematic Literature Review of Game-Based Assessment Studies: Trends and Challenges	11
Learning Automated Essay Scoring Models Using Item-Response-Theory-Based Scores to Decrease Effects of Rater Biases	11
Improving Spatial Visualization and Mental Rotation Using FORSpatial Through Shapes and Letters in Virtual Environment	10
Toward Automatic Classification of Online Discussion Messages for Social Presence	10
Vocational Training With Microlearning—How Low-Immersive 360-Degree Learning Environments Support Work-Process-Integrated Learning	10
Adaptive Immediate Feedback for Block-Based Programming: Design and Evaluation	10
Classifying and Solving Arithmetic Math Word Problems—An Intelligent Math Solver	10
Automated Assessment of and Feedback on Concept Maps During Inquiry Learning	10
Scaling and Adopting a Multimodal Learning Analytics Application in an Institution-Wide Setting	10
Understanding Depth of Reflective Writing in Workplace Learning Assessments Using Machine Learning Classification	10
A Feasible Study of a Deep Learning Model Supporting Human–Machine Collaborative Learning of Object-Oriented Programming	10
MOCA: A Motivational Online Conversational Agent for Improving Student Engagement in Collaborative Learning	10
Automatic Learning Path Creation Using OER: A Systematic Literature Mapping	10
Cyber Range for Research-Inspired Learning of “Attack Defense by Pretense” Principle and Practice	9
Designing a Transferable Predictive Model for Online Learning Using a Bayesian Updating Approach	9
WebART: Web-Based Augmented Reality Learning Resources Authoring Tool and Its User Experience Study Among Teachers	9
Early Prediction of Students at Risk of Failing a Face-to-Face Course in Power Electronic Systems	9
A Knowledge Diffusion Model in Autonomous Learning Under Multiple Networks for Personalized Educational Resource Allocation	9
Developing “Learningverse”—A 3-D Metaverse Platform to Support Teaching, Social, and Cognitive Presences	9
Robobo SmartCity: An Autonomous Driving Model for Computational Intelligence Learning Through Educational Robotics	9

Feasibility Study on Using AI and VR for Decision-Making Training of Basketball Players	9
Dynamic Cognitive Diagnosis: An Educational Priors-Enhanced Deep Knowledge Tracing Perspective	9
Reputation Systems Impact on Help Seeking in MOOC Discussion Forums	9
Early Prediction of Students’ Final Grades in a Gamified Course	9
LOsMonitor: A Machine Learning Tool for Analyzing and Monitoring Cognitive Levels of Assessment Questions	8
Using Process Mining to Analyze Time Distribution of Self-Assessment and Formative Assessment Exercises on an Online Learning Tool	8
Technology Solutions to Reduce Anxiety and Increase Cognitive Availability in Students	8
Modeling of Learning Processes Using Continuous-Time Markov Chain for Virtual-Reality-Based Surgical Training in Laparoscopic Surgery	8
Leveraging Extended Reality for Autistic Individuals: A Scoping Review of Technical Features and Technology Affordances	8
Educational Sequence Mining for Dropout Prediction in MOOCs: Model Building, Evaluation, and Benchmarking	8
On Using Conversational Frameworks to Support Natural Language Interaction in Intelligent Tutoring Systems	7
Supporting Teachers’ Professional Development With Generative AI: The Effects on Higher Order Thinking and Self-Efficacy	7
Applying Smart Glasses in Situated Exploration for Learning English in a National Science Museum	7
Cosmic Sounds: A Game to Support Phonological Awareness Skills for Children With Dyslexia	7
Predicting Student Performance in Future Exams via Neutrosophic Cognitive Diagnosis in Personalized E-Learning Environment	7
An Immersive Virtual Field Experience Structuring Method for Geoscience Education	7
Generation of Multiple-Choice Questions From Textbook Contents of School-Level Subjects	7
Should Learning Analytics Models Include Sensitive Attributes? Explaining the Why	7
An AI-based Approach for Grading Students’ Collaboration	7
edCrumble, a Data-Enriched Visual Authoring Design Tool for Blended Learning	7
Introducing Massive Open Metaverse Course and Its Enabling Technology	6
Stable Knowledge Tracing Using Causal Inference	6
Are You Still There? An Exploratory Case Study on Estimating Students’ LMS Online Time by Combining Log Files and Screen Recordings	6
Using ChatGPT for Science Learning: A Study on Pre-service Teachers' Lesson Planning	6
Metaverse for Education: Technical Framework and Design Criteria	6
Pedagogical Interventions in SPOCs: Learning Behavior Dashboards and Knowledge Tracing Support Exercise Recommendation	6
The Affordances of Multivariate Elo-Based Learner Modeling in Game-Based Assessment	6
Automatic Creativity Measurement in Scratch Programs Across Modalities	6
Framing Professional Learning Analytics as Reframing Oneself	6
The Extent of AI Applications in EFL Learning and Teaching	6
Immersive Learning Frameworks: A Systematic Literature Review	6
Collaborative Programming for Work-Relevant Learning: Comparing Programming Practice With Example-Based Reflection for Student Learning and Transfer Task Performance	6
Collaborative Virtual Reality in Higher Education: Students' Perceptions on Presence, Challenges, Affordances, and Potential	6
Educational Escape Rooms Are Effective Learning Activities Across Educational Levels and Contexts: A Meta-Analysis	6
The State-of-the-Art on Collective Intelligence in Online Educational Technologies	6
Robotics in the Context of Primary and Preschool Education: A Scoping Review	6
LearnEval Peer Assessment Platform: Iterative Development Process and Evaluation	6
A Petri-Net-Based Approach for Enhancing Clinical Reasoning in Medical Education	6
Hybrid Models for Knowledge Tracing: A Systematic Literature Review	6
Educational Process Mining for Discovering Students' Problem-Solving Ability in Computer Programming Education	6
Digital Game-Based Technology for English Language Learning in Preschools and Primary Schools: A Systematic Analysis	6
Reconceptualizing Self-Directed Learning in the Era of Generative AI: An Exploratory Analysis of Language Learning	6
Application of Competitive Activities to Improve Students’ Participation	5
A Human-Centered Learning and Teaching Framework Using Generative Artificial Intelligence for Self-Regulated Learning Development Through Domain Knowledge Learning in K–12 Settings	5
The Impact of Mobile-Assisted Social Language Learning Activities on Speaking Skills and Self-Efficacy Development	5
Integration of Prediction Scores From Various Automated Essay Scoring Models Using Item Response Theory	5
New Methods for Confusion Detection in Course Forums: Student, Teacher, and Machine	5
Effects of Using Immersive Virtual Reality for Science Education on Learning Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study	5
iSnap: Evolution and Evaluation of a Data-Driven Hint System for Block-Based Programming	5
Using Augmented Reality to Improve Learning Efficacy in a Mechanical Assembly Course	5
Natural Language Processing of Student's Feedback to Instructors: A Systematic Review	5
ST_OS: An Effective Semisupervised Learning Method for Course-Level Early Predictions	5
Improving Knowledge Tracing via Considering Two Types of Actual Differences From Exercises and Prior Knowledge	5
Fifteen Years of Metaverse in Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review	5
A Journey to Identify Users' Classification Strategies to Customize Game-Based and Gamified Learning Environments	5
Toward Human–AI Collaboration: A Recommender System to Support CS1 Instructors to Select Problems for Assignments and Exams	5
Assessing the Quality of Student-Generated Content at Scale: A Comparative Analysis of Peer-Review Models	5
Decoding Contextual Factors Differentiating Adolescents’ High, Average, and Low Digital Reading Performance Through Machine-Learning Methods	5
Is the Latest the Greatest? A Comparative Study of Automatic Approaches for Classifying Educational Forum Posts	5
Collaborative Learning in the Edu-Metaverse Era: An Empirical Study on the Enabling Technologies	5
A Script for Conversational Reflection Guidance: A Field Study on Developing Reflection Competence With Apprentices	5
Developing an E-Learning Platform Capable of Being Aware of Self-Regulated Learning Behaviors of Role Models	5
Probeware for the Modern Era: IoT Dataflow System Design for Secondary Classrooms	5
Portable Joint Attention Skill Training Platform for Children With Autism	5
Assessing the Impact of Engagement and Real-Time Feedback in a Mobile Behavior Change Intervention for Supporting Critical Thinking in Engineering Research Projects	5
Hybrid Maximum Clique Algorithm Using Parallel Integer Programming for Uniform Test Assembly	4
Prediction of Dilatory Behavior in eLearning: A Comparison of Multiple Machine Learning Models	4
Exploring the Potential of Tangible and Multitouch Interfaces to Promote Learning Among Preschool Children	4
Toward an AI Knowledge Assistant for Context-Aware Learning Experiences in Software Capstone Project Development	4
Design and Application of Automatic Feedback Scaffolding in Forums to Promote Learning	4
Theory-Driven Design in Metaverse Virtual Reality Learning Environments: Two Illustrative Cases	4
Designing Hybrid Human–AI Orchestration Tools for Individual and Collaborative Activities: A Technology Probe Study	4
Multisensory Interaction and Analytics to Enhance Smart Learning Environments: A Systematic Literature Review	4
Using a Chatbot to Provide Formative Feedback: A Longitudinal Study of Intrinsic Motivation, Cognitive Load, and Learning Performance	4
Learning to Reuse Distractors to Support Multiple-Choice Question Generation in Education	4
Effective and Efficient Strategies and Their Technological Implementations to Reduce Plagiarism and Collusion in Nonproctored Online Exams	4
A Qualitative Case Study on the Validation of Automatically Generated Multiple-Choice Questions From Science Textbooks	4
A Bibliometric Overview of the IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies	4
Automatic Generation of Multimedia Teaching Materials Based on Generative AI: Taking Tang Poetry as an Example	4
XR Vest: A Novel System for Demonstration-Based Learning of Safety Skills	4

The Effects of the Badminton Teaching-Assisted System Using Electromyography and Gyroscope on Learners' Badminton Skills	4
A Framework for Designing Student-Facing Learning Analytics to Support Self-Regulated Learning	4
Improving Learning Environments: Avoiding Stupidity Perspective	4
Sequential Behavior Analysis of Interdisciplinary Activities in Computational Thinking and EFL Learning With Game-Based Learning	4
A Survey of Knowledge Tracing: Models, Variants, and Applications	4
A VR Environment for Human Anatomical Variation Education: Modeling, Visualization and Interaction	4
Evolutionary Clustering of Apprentices' Self- Regulated Learning Behavior in Learning Journals	4
Multimodal Teacher Dashboards: Challenges and Opportunities of Enhancing Teacher Insights Through a Case Study	4
Analytic Study for Predictor Development on Student Participation in Generic Competence Development Activities Based on Academic Performance	4
Multivariate Knowledge Tracking Based on Graph Neural Network in ASSISTments	4
Can Edu-Metaverse Reshape Virtual Teaching Community (VTC) to Promote Educational Equity? An Exploratory Study	4
Persistence and Performance in Co-Enrollment Network Embeddings: An Empirical Validation of Tinto's Student Integration Model	3
Development of a Computer-Aided Education System Inspired by Face-to-Face Learning by Incorporating EEG-Based Neurofeedback Into Online Video Lectures	3
OPKT: Enhancing Knowledge Tracing With Optimized Pretraining Mechanisms in Intelligent Tutoring	3
Extracting the Relationships Among Students Based on Accessing Pattern of Digital Learning Attributes	3
Learning Object-Oriented Programming Concepts Through Visual Analogies	3
A Tutorial-Generating Method for Autonomous Online Learning	3
Enhancing Educational Dialogue Act Classification With Discourse Context and Sample Informativeness	3
Designing Social Robot for Adults Using Self-Determination Theory and AI Technologies	3
A Data-Driven Approach for the Identification of Features for Automated Feedback on Academic Essays	3
Write-Curate-Verify: A Case Study of Leveraging Generative AI for Scenario Writing in Scenario-Based Learning	3
FERN: Fair Team Formation for Mutually Beneficial Collaborative Learning	3
A Case Study on Learning Visual Programming With TutoApp for Composition of Tutorials: An Approach for Learning by Teaching	3
Learning Analytics for Professional and Workplace Learning: A Literature Review	3
Space Adventure Game-Based Learning: How Games and Scaffolds Affect Eighth Graders' Physics Learning and Game Immersion	3
Teaching Embedded Systems and Internet-of-Things Supported by Multipurpose Multiobjective Remote Laboratories	3
Artificial Intelligence Models for Assessing the Evaluation Process of Complex Student Projects	3
Predicting Students’ Difficulties From a Piece of Code	3
CollabGraph: A Graph-Based Collaborative Search Summary Visualization	3
Students' Online Laboratory Work Assessment Based on Learning Task Lists and Behavior Data	3
Clustering Introductory Computer Science Exercises Using Topic Modeling Methods	3
ChatGPT for Educational Purposes: Investigating the Impact of Knowledge Management Factors on Student Satisfaction and Continuous Usage	3
Modeling Student Performance Using Feature Crosses Information for Knowledge Tracing	3
Optimizing Automatic Text Classification Approach in Adaptive Online Collaborative Discussion–A Perspective of Attention Mechanism-Based Bi-LSTM	3
Open Remote Web Lab for Learning Robotics and ROS With Physical and Simulated Robots in an Authentic Developer Environment	3
Inspecting Technology-Related Quality of Teaching Artifacts to Understand Teachers' Technology Adoption	3
Smart Environment for Adaptive Learning of Cybersecurity Skills	3
Facilitating Physics Learning Using Ubiquitous-Physics App With Learning Guided Map (gMap) in Authentic Contexts	3
A Systematic Review of Research on Immersive Technology-Enhanced Writing Education: The Current State and a Research Agenda	3
The Effect of the Integration of Metacognitive and Motivation Scaffolding Through a Pedagogical Agent on Self- and Co-Regulation Learning	3
A Literature Review of Physiological-Based Mobile Educational Systems	3
Semantic Navigation of PowerPoint-Based Lecture Video for AutoNote Generation	3
The Impact of Integrating an Intelligent Personal Assistant (IPA) on Secondary School Physics Students’ Scientific Inquiry Skills	3
Improving Peer Assessment Validity and Reliability Through a Fuzzy Coherence Measure	3
Block-Based Object-Oriented Programming	3
Gala: An Open-Access Platform for Interactive Learning With Sustainability Case Studies	3
Educational Effects on the Transparency of Peer Participation Levels in Asynchronous Online Discussion Activities	3
Embeddings for Automatic Short Answer Grading: A Scoping Review	3
An Innovative Strategy to Anticipate Students’ Cheating: The Development of Automatic Essay Assessment on the “MoLearn” Learning Management System	3
Controller Effect in Online Laboratories—An Overview	3
Teaching Plan Generation and Evaluation With GPT-4: Unleashing the Potential of LLM in Instructional Design	3
AMV ALPHA Learning Platform for Automotive Embedded Software Engineering	3
Multiuser Digital Platform to Promote Interaction Skill in Individuals With Autism	3
Gamification to Help Inform Students About Programming Plagiarism and Collusion	3
Measuring Cognitive Load in Virtual Reality Training via Pupillometry	2
Serious Video Games for Agricultural Learning: Scoping Review	2
Engaging Online Learners in Blended Synchronous Learning: A Systematic Literature Review	2
Peer Grading Eliciting Truthfulness Based on Autograder	2
Forecasting Gender in Open Education Competencies: A Machine Learning Approach	2
Assessing Learning Outcomes in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Simulations With a Novel Simulator and Instructor Application	2
How Learning Analytics Can Help Orchestration of Formative Assessment? Data-Driven Recommendations for Technology- Enhanced Learning	2
Assessing Antecedents of Behavioral Intention to Use e-LMS: A Case From a Private Institution in the Northern Region of India	2
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Accommodations Given to Students With Learning Impairments: Ordinal and Interpretable Machine-Learning-Based Methodology	2
Identifying Student Profiles Within Online Judge Systems Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence	2
ChatGPT for Learning HCI Techniques: A Case Study on Interviews for Personas	2
PQSCT: Pseudo-Siamese BERT for Concept Tagging With Both Questions and Solutions	2
Leveraging Semantic Facets for Automatic Assessment of Short Free Text Answers	2
Kung Fu Metaverse: A Movement Guidance Training System	2
Gamification Intensity in Web-Based Virtual Training Environments and Its Effect on Learning	2
Design and Evaluation of a Set of Methodological Strategies for Learning a Second Language in Students With Down Syndrome Using Computer-Based Instruction	2
Automating the Evaluation of Education Apps With App Store Data	2
Student-AI Question Cocreation for Enhancing Reading Comprehension	2
Can Students With Dyslexia Learn Independently? A Seven-Week Study of Chinese Character Learning in an Informal Learning Environment	2
Exploring the Possibilities of Edu-Metaverse: A New 3-D Ecosystem Model for Innovative Learning	2
Toward Automatic Interpretation of Narrative Feedback in Competency-Based Portfolios	2
Learning Analytics in the Corporate Sector: What Business Leaders Say?	2
Student Action Recognition for Improving Teacher Feedback During Tele-Education	2
Working Attention, Planning and Social Skills Through Pervasive Games in Interactive Spaces	2
The Effect on Computational Thinking Using SRA-Programming: Anticipating Changes in a Dynamic Problem Environment	2
Guest Editorial The Metaverse and the Future of Education	2
The Design of Guiding and Adaptive Prompts for Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Its Effect on Students’ Mathematics Learning	2
AssignmentWatch: An Automated Detection and Alert Tool for Reducing Academic Misconduct Associated With File-Sharing Websites	2
Personalization in Graphically Rich E-Learning Environments for K-6 Mathematics	2
A Virtual Reality Training System for Automotive Engines Assembly and Disassembly	2
Can Underprivileged Children Learn Effectively at Home? A Six-Month Study of Game-Based Traditional Chinese Learning During the Pandemic Lockdown	2
An Integrated Framework to Support Bachelor Design Students in 3-D Modeling	2
Polarity in the Classroom: A Case Study Leveraging Peer Sentiment Toward Scalable Assessment	2
On the Supervision of Peer Assessment Tasks: An Efficient Instructor Guidance Technique	2
Exploring the Use of Multiagent Systems in Educational Robotics Activities	2
A Real-Time Predictive Model for Identifying Course Dropout in Online Higher Education	2
Capturing Movement: A Tablet App, Geometry Touch, for Recording Onscreen Finger-Based Gesture Data	2
Heterogeneity in Extended Reality Influences Procedural Knowledge Gain and Operation Training	2
Can Autograding of Student-Generated Questions Quality by ChatGPT Match Human Experts?	2
Deep Knowledge Tracing Incorporating a Hypernetwork With Independent Student and Item Networks	2
Leveraging Multi-Criteria Integer Programming Optimization for Effective Team Formation	2