IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies

Article	Citations
A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies on Learning Analytics Dashboards: A Self-Regulated Learning Perspective	164
A Scoping Review of Immersive Virtual Reality in STEM Education	128
Constructing an Edu-Metaverse Ecosystem: A New and Innovative Framework	78
Designing Engaging Games for Education: A Systematic Literature Review on Game Motivators and Design Principles	71
Utilizing Multimodal Data Through fsQCA to Explain Engagement in Adaptive Learning	44
Augmented Immersive Reality (AIR) for Improved Learning Performance: A Quantitative Evaluation	40
Trace-SRL: A Framework for Analysis of Microlevel Processes of Self-Regulated Learning From Trace Data	39
DeepStealth: Game-Based Learning Stealth Assessment With Deep Neural Networks	38
Augmented Reality and Engineering Education: A Systematic Review	38
There are Open Learner Models About!	37
A Comparison of Procedural Safety Training in Three Conditions: Virtual Reality Headset, Smartphone, and Printed Materials	30
Affordances and Core Functions of Smart Learning Environments: A Systematic Literature Review	29
Taxonomy of Virtual and Augmented Reality Applications in Education	27
Using Convolutional Neural Network to Recognize Learning Images for Early Warning of At-Risk Students	27
Where is the Learning in Learning Analytics? A Systematic Literature Review on the Operationalization of Learning-Related Constructs in the Evaluation of Learning Analytics Interventions	25
Assessing Pronunciation Improvement in Students of English Using a Controlled Computer-Assisted Pronunciation Tool	25
Analyzing Large Collections of Open-Ended Feedback From MOOC Learners Using LDA Topic Modeling and Qualitative Analysis	25
LD–LP Generation of Personalized Learning Path Based on Learning Diagnosis	25
Self-Organized Laboratories for Smart Campus	23
An Experiential Learning Approach to Learning Manual Communication Through a Virtual Reality Environment	22
Characterizing Learners’ Engagement in MOOCs: An Observational Case Study Using the NoteMyProgress Tool for Supporting Self-Regulation	22
Data Capture and Multimodal Learning Analytics Focused on Engagement With a New Wearable IoT Approach	21
Recommender Systems and Scratch: An Integrated Approach for Enhancing Computer Programming Learning	20
Instruction, Student Engagement, and Learning Outcomes: A Case Study Using Anonymous Social Media in a Face-to-Face Classroom	20
Patterns of Engagement in an Educational Massively Multiplayer Online Game: A Multidimensional View	20

Architecting Analytics Across Multiple E-Learning Systems to Enhance Learning Design	20
Literature Review on Co-Located Collaboration Modeling Using Multimodal Learning Analytics—Can We Go the Whole Nine Yards?	19
Into the Brave New Metaverse: Envisaging Future Language Teaching and Learning	18
Educational Practices and Strategies With Immersive Learning Environments: Mapping of Reviews for Using the Metaverse	18
An Actionable Orchestration Dashboard to Enhance Collaboration in the Classroom	18
Evaluating the Quality of Learning Resources: A Learnersourcing Approach	18
Introducing Algorithmic Thinking and Sequencing Using Tangible Robots	18
To Add or Not to Add Game Elements? Exploring the Effects of Different Cognitive Task Designs Using Eye Tracking	18
An Enhanced Genetic Algorithm for Heterogeneous Group Formation Based on Multi-Characteristics in Social-Networking-Based Learning	18
Enhancing Learners’ Experience Through Extending Learning Systems	18
Perception Engineering Learning With Virtual Reality	16
A Generic IoT Architecture for Ubiquitous Context-Aware Learning	16
Automatic Short-Answer Grading via BERT-Based Deep Neural Networks	16
Wearable Technology in Education: A Systematic Review	15
Automatic Content Analysis of Online Discussions for Cognitive Presence: A Study of the Generalizability Across Educational Contexts	15
Automating Gamification Personalization to the User and Beyond	14
Tools Designed to Support Self-Regulated Learning in Online Learning Environments: A Systematic Review	14
Capacity Tracing-Enhanced Course Recommendation in MOOCs	14
Homogeneous Group Formation in Collaborative Learning Scenarios: An Approach Based on Personality Traits and Genetic Algorithms	14
Collaborative Game-Based Environment and Assessment Tool for Learning Computational Thinking in Primary School: A Case Study	14
Engaging Students in Distance Learning of Science With Remote Labs 2.0	13
The Impact of Game Elements on Learner Motivation: Influence of Initial Motivation and Player Profile	13
An Augmented Paper Game With Socio-Cognitive Support	13
Metaverse in Education: Contributors, Cooperations, and Research Themes	13
Serious Game Design in Health Education: A Systematic Review	13
The Human Muscular Arm Avatar as an Interactive Visualization Tool in Learning Anatomy: Medical Students’ Perspectives	12
Logistic Knowledge Tracing: A Constrained Framework for Learner Modeling	12
An Approach to Group Formation in Collaborative Learning Using Learning Paths in Learning Management Systems	12
Impact of Immersive Virtual Reality Content Using 360-Degree Videos in Undergraduate Education	12
Learning to Rank for Educational Search Engines	12
A Study of Strategies for Developing Online Laboratories	12
Leveraging Class Balancing Techniques to Alleviate Algorithmic Bias for Predictive Tasks in Education	12
CMKT: Concept Map Driven Knowledge Tracing	12
Effects of an Ambient Learning Display on Noise Levels and Perceived Learning in a Secondary School	12
Design of an Intelligent Agent to Measure Collaboration and Verbal-Communication Skills of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Collaborative Puzzle Games	12
Automated Educative Nudges to Reduce Missed Assignments in College	11
Fidelity in Simulation-Based Serious Games	11
Xiao-Shih: A Self-Enriched Question Answering Bot With Machine Learning on Chinese-Based MOOCs	10
Effect of Ubiquitous Fraction App on Mathematics Learning Achievements and Learning Behaviors of Taiwanese Students in Authentic Contexts	10
Knowledge Tracing Within Single Programming Practice Using Problem-Solving Process Data	10
An Infrastructure to Deliver Synchronous Remote Programming Labs	10
Characterizing Curriculum Prerequisite Networks by a Student Flow Approach	10
Storytelling With Learner Data: Guiding Student Reflection on Multimodal Team Data	10
Reputation Systems Impact on Help Seeking in MOOC Discussion Forums	9
Cyberspace Odyssey: A Competitive Team-Oriented Serious Game in Computer Networking	9
The Future of Educational Technologies for Engineering Education	9
A Feasible Study of a Deep Learning Model Supporting Human–Machine Collaborative Learning of Object-Oriented Programming	9
Differentiated Teaching With Adaptive Learning Systems and Teacher Dashboards: The Teacher Still Matters Most	9
What Do Linguistic Expressions Tell Us about Learners’ Confusion? A Domain-Independent Analysis in MOOCs	9
Toward Personalized Scaffolding and Fading of Motivational Support in L2 Learner–Dialogue Agent Interactions: An Exploratory Study	9

Augmented Reality With Authentic GeometryGo App to Help Geometry Learning and Assessments	9
Learning UI Functional Design Principles Through Simulation With Feedback	9
Classifying and Solving Arithmetic Math Word Problems—An Intelligent Math Solver	8
Automated Assessment of and Feedback on Concept Maps During Inquiry Learning	8
The Descriptive Features and Quantitative Aspects of Students’ Observed Online Learning: How Are They Related to Self-Reported Perceptions and Learning Outcomes?	8
Toward Automatic Classification of Online Discussion Messages for Social Presence	8
Using Process Mining to Analyze Time Distribution of Self-Assessment and Formative Assessment Exercises on an Online Learning Tool	8
Scaling and Adopting a Multimodal Learning Analytics Application in an Institution-Wide Setting	8
Understanding Depth of Reflective Writing in Workplace Learning Assessments Using Machine Learning Classification	8
Measuring Similarity of Educational Items: An Overview	8
Vocational Training With Microlearning—How Low-Immersive 360-Degree Learning Environments Support Work-Process-Integrated Learning	8
Supporting the Process of Learning and Teaching Process Models	8
Motivating Students in Collaborative Activities With Game-Theoretic Group Recommendations	7
Improving Spatial Visualization and Mental Rotation Using FORSpatial Through Shapes and Letters in Virtual Environment	7
A Knowledge Diffusion Model in Autonomous Learning Under Multiple Networks for Personalized Educational Resource Allocation	7
Adaptive Learning Support System Based on Automatic Recommendation of Personalized Review Materials	7
Advancing Education Through Extended Reality and Internet of Everything Enabled Metaverses: Applications, Challenges, and Open Issues	7
An Agent-Based Simulator Applied to Teaching-Learning Process to Predict Sociometric Indices in Higher Education	7
LOsMonitor: A Machine Learning Tool for Analyzing and Monitoring Cognitive Levels of Assessment Questions	7
Cyber Range for Research-Inspired Learning of “Attack Defense by Pretense” Principle and Practice	7
Designing a Transferable Predictive Model for Online Learning Using a Bayesian Updating Approach	7
Decentralized Learning Infrastructures for Community Knowledge Building	6
Leveraging Extended Reality for Autistic Individuals: A Scoping Review of Technical Features and Technology Affordances	6
MOCA: A Motivational Online Conversational Agent for Improving Student Engagement in Collaborative Learning	6
MOOC-BERT: Automatically Identifying Learner Cognitive Presence From MOOC Discussion Data	6
WebART: Web-Based Augmented Reality Learning Resources Authoring Tool and Its User Experience Study Among Teachers	6
Cosmic Sounds: A Game to Support Phonological Awareness Skills for Children With Dyslexia	6
Toward an Edu-Metaverse of Knowledge: Immersive Exploration of University Courses	6
Learning Automated Essay Scoring Models Using Item-Response-Theory-Based Scores to Decrease Effects of Rater Biases	6
Promoting Computational Thinking Skills in Non-Computer-Science Students: Gamifying Computational Notebooks to Increase Student Engagement	6
Automatic Learning Path Creation Using OER: A Systematic Literature Mapping	6
Design and Evaluation of a Choreography-Based Virtual Reality Authoring Tool for Experiential Learning in Industrial Training	5
edCrumble, a Data-Enriched Visual Authoring Design Tool for Blended Learning	5
MEUS: A Mobile E-Learning Platform for Ultrasound Image Education	5
Adaptive Immediate Feedback for Block-Based Programming: Design and Evaluation	5
ST_OS: An Effective Semisupervised Learning Method for Course-Level Early Predictions	5
Technology Solutions to Reduce Anxiety and Increase Cognitive Availability in Students	5
Educational Sequence Mining for Dropout Prediction in MOOCs: Model Building, Evaluation, and Benchmarking	5
LearnEval Peer Assessment Platform: Iterative Development Process and Evaluation	5
Using Augmented Reality to Improve Learning Efficacy in a Mechanical Assembly Course	5
Early Prediction of Students at Risk of Failing a Face-to-Face Course in Power Electronic Systems	5
A Framework for Constructing a Technology -Enhanced Education Metaverse: Learner Engagement With Human–Machine Collaboration	5
A Classification Framework for Practice Exercises in Adaptive Learning Systems	5
Probeware for the Modern Era: IoT Dataflow System Design for Secondary Classrooms	5
A Petri-Net-Based Approach for Enhancing Clinical Reasoning in Medical Education	5
Decoding Contextual Factors Differentiating Adolescents’ High, Average, and Low Digital Reading Performance Through Machine-Learning Methods	5
Feasibility Study on Using AI and VR for Decision-Making Training of Basketball Players	5
Gea2: A Serious Game for Technology-Enhanced Learning in STEM	5
A Qualitative Case Study on the Validation of Automatically Generated Multiple-Choice Questions From Science Textbooks	4
The Affordances of Multivariate Elo-Based Learner Modeling in Game-Based Assessment	4
The State-of-the-Art on Collective Intelligence in Online Educational Technologies	4
Framing Professional Learning Analytics as Reframing Oneself	4
Should Learning Analytics Models Include Sensitive Attributes? Explaining the Why	4
Portable Joint Attention Skill Training Platform for Children With Autism	4
Collaborative Programming for Work-Relevant Learning: Comparing Programming Practice With Example-Based Reflection for Student Learning and Transfer Task Performance	4
Assessing the Impact of Engagement and Real-Time Feedback in a Mobile Behavior Change Intervention for Supporting Critical Thinking in Engineering Research Projects	4
Is the Latest the Greatest? A Comparative Study of Automatic Approaches for Classifying Educational Forum Posts	4
An AI-based Approach for Grading Students’ Collaboration	4
Developing an E-Learning Platform Capable of Being Aware of Self-Regulated Learning Behaviors of Role Models	4
A Framework for Designing Student-Facing Learning Analytics to Support Self-Regulated Learning	4
Robobo SmartCity: An Autonomous Driving Model for Computational Intelligence Learning Through Educational Robotics	4
Are You Still There? An Exploratory Case Study on Estimating Students’ LMS Online Time by Combining Log Files and Screen Recordings	4
Educational Process Mining for Discovering Students' Problem-Solving Ability in Computer Programming Education	4
Context-Based Data Model for Effective Real-Time Learning Analytics	4
Assessing the Effectiveness of a Gamified Social Network for Applying Privacy Concepts: An Empirical Study With Teens	4
A Script for Conversational Reflection Guidance: A Field Study on Developing Reflection Competence With Apprentices	4
An Immersive Virtual Field Experience Structuring Method for Geoscience Education	4
Automatic Syllabus-Oriented Remixing of Open Educational Resources Using Agent-Based Modeling	4
Hybrid Maximum Clique Algorithm Using Parallel Integer Programming for Uniform Test Assembly	4
Data-Driven Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Comprehensive Review	4
Mining Sequential Learning Trajectories With Hidden Markov Models For Early Prediction of At-Risk Students in E-Learning Environments	4
Modeling of Learning Processes Using Continuous-Time Markov Chain for Virtual-Reality-Based Surgical Training in Laparoscopic Surgery	4
Students' Online Laboratory Work Assessment Based on Learning Task Lists and Behavior Data	3
Learning Analytics for Professional and Workplace Learning: A Literature Review	3
Persistence and Performance in Co-Enrollment Network Embeddings: An Empirical Validation of Tinto's Student Integration Model	3
XR Vest: A Novel System for Demonstration-Based Learning of Safety Skills	3
Developing “Learningverse”—A 3-D Metaverse Platform to Support Teaching, Social, and Cognitive Presences	3
Robotics in the Context of Primary and Preschool Education: A Scoping Review	3
Designing Hybrid Human–AI Orchestration Tools for Individual and Collaborative Activities: A Technology Probe Study	3
Design Tradeoffs of Interactive Visualization Tools for Educational Technologies	3

Educational Effects on the Transparency of Peer Participation Levels in Asynchronous Online Discussion Activities	3
Early Prediction of Students’ Final Grades in a Gamified Course	3
A Bibliometric Overview of the IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies	3
Predicting Student Performance in Future Exams via Neutrosophic Cognitive Diagnosis in Personalized E-Learning Environment	3
Automatic Creativity Measurement in Scratch Programs Across Modalities	3
Can Edu-Metaverse Reshape Virtual Teaching Community (VTC) to Promote Educational Equity? An Exploratory Study	3
Applying Smart Glasses in Situated Exploration for Learning English in a National Science Museum	3
Optimizing Automatic Text Classification Approach in Adaptive Online Collaborative Discussion–A Perspective of Attention Mechanism-Based Bi-LSTM	3
Assessing the Quality of Student-Generated Content at Scale: A Comparative Analysis of Peer-Review Models	3
A Systematic Literature Review of Game-Based Assessment Studies: Trends and Challenges	3
Teaching Embedded Systems and Internet-of-Things Supported by Multipurpose Multiobjective Remote Laboratories	3
Dynamic Cognitive Diagnosis: An Educational Priors-Enhanced Deep Knowledge Tracing Perspective	3
New Methods for Confusion Detection in Course Forums: Student, Teacher, and Machine	3
FERN: Fair Team Formation for Mutually Beneficial Collaborative Learning	3
Controller Effect in Online Laboratories—An Overview	3
Toward Human–AI Collaboration: A Recommender System to Support CS1 Instructors to Select Problems for Assignments and Exams	3
Learning to Reuse Distractors to Support Multiple-Choice Question Generation in Education	3
Guest Editorial The Metaverse and the Future of Education	2
Gala: An Open-Access Platform for Interactive Learning With Sustainability Case Studies	2
Sequential Behavior Analysis of Interdisciplinary Activities in Computational Thinking and EFL Learning With Game-Based Learning	2
Improving Learning Environments: Avoiding Stupidity Perspective	2
The Extent of AI Applications in EFL Learning and Teaching	2
Generation of Multiple-Choice Questions From Textbook Contents of School-Level Subjects	2
An Integrated Framework to Support Bachelor Design Students in 3-D Modeling	2
Pedagogical Interventions in SPOCs: Learning Behavior Dashboards and Knowledge Tracing Support Exercise Recommendation	2
Effective and Efficient Strategies and Their Technological Implementations to Reduce Plagiarism and Collusion in Nonproctored Online Exams	2
Application of Competitive Activities to Improve Students’ Participation	2
Gamification to Help Inform Students About Programming Plagiarism and Collusion	2
Working Attention, Planning and Social Skills Through Pervasive Games in Interactive Spaces	2
CollabGraph: A Graph-Based Collaborative Search Summary Visualization	2
PQSCT: Pseudo-Siamese BERT for Concept Tagging With Both Questions and Solutions	2
Fifteen Years of Metaverse in Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review	2
An Innovative Strategy to Anticipate Students’ Cheating: The Development of Automatic Essay Assessment on the “MoLearn” Learning Management System	2
Exploring the Use of Multiagent Systems in Educational Robotics Activities	2
Effects of Using Immersive Virtual Reality for Science Education on Learning Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study	2
Facilitating Physics Learning Using Ubiquitous-Physics App With Learning Guided Map (gMap) in Authentic Contexts	2
Automatic Method to Identify E-Learner Emotions Using Behavioral Cues	2
Assessing Learning Outcomes in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Simulations With a Novel Simulator and Instructor Application	2
Capturing Movement: A Tablet App, Geometry Touch, for Recording Onscreen Finger-Based Gesture Data	2
Exploring the Potential of Tangible and Multitouch Interfaces to Promote Learning Among Preschool Children	2
Multiuser Digital Platform to Promote Interaction Skill in Individuals With Autism	2
The Impact of Mobile-Assisted Social Language Learning Activities on Speaking Skills and Self-Efficacy Development	2
Design and Application of Automatic Feedback Scaffolding in Forums to Promote Learning	2
Multimodal Teacher Dashboards: Challenges and Opportunities of Enhancing Teacher Insights Through a Case Study	2
Clustering Introductory Computer Science Exercises Using Topic Modeling Methods	2
Kung Fu Metaverse: A Movement Guidance Training System	2
Block-Based Object-Oriented Programming	2
Tagging Reading Comprehension Materials With Document Extraction Attention Networks	2
Polarity in the Classroom: A Case Study Leveraging Peer Sentiment Toward Scalable Assessment	2
The Impact of Integrating an Intelligent Personal Assistant (IPA) on Secondary School Physics Students’ Scientific Inquiry Skills	2
The Effects of Dispersion and Reciprocity on Assessment Fidelity in Peer-Review Systems: A Simulation Study	2
Immersive Learning Frameworks: A Systematic Literature Review	2
AMV ALPHA Learning Platform for Automotive Embedded Software Engineering	2
Unleashing ChatGPT's Power: A Case Study on Optimizing Information Retrieval in Flipped Classrooms via Prompt Engineering	2
Identifying Student Profiles Within Online Judge Systems Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence	2
A VR Environment for Human Anatomical Variation Education: Modeling, Visualization and Interaction	2
The Effect on Computational Thinking Using SRA-Programming: Anticipating Changes in a Dynamic Problem Environment	2