Earth System Science Data

Article	Citations
Global Carbon Budget 2020	1543
ERA5-Land: a state-of-the-art global reanalysis dataset for land applications	1500
The 30 m annual land cover dataset and its dynamics in China from 1990 to 2019	1174
Global Carbon Budget 2021	812
Global Carbon Budget 2022	778
GLC_FCS30: global land-cover product with fine classification system at 30 m using time-series Landsat imagery	489
An extended time series (2000–2018) of global NPP-VIIRS-like nighttime light data from a cross-sensor calibration	377
Country-level and gridded estimates of wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse	331
A global anthropogenic emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants from sector- and fuel-specific sources (1970–2017): an application of the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS)	261
An update of IPCC climate reference regions for subcontinental analysis of climate model data: definition and aggregated datasets	244
The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record	220
Changes in China's anthropogenic emissions and air quality during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020	195
Improved estimate of global gross primary production for reproducing its long-term variation, 1982–2017	188
Global Carbon Budget 2023	184
The global forest above-ground biomass pool for 2010 estimated from high-resolution satellite observations	168
A cultivated planet in 2010 – Part 2: The global gridded agricultural-production maps	142
A 6-year-long (2013–2018) high-resolution air quality reanalysis dataset in China based on the assimilation of surface observations from CNEMC	130
A long-term (2005–2016) dataset of hourly integrated land–atmosphere interaction observations on the Tibetan Plateau	124
Annual 30 m dataset for glacial lakes in High Mountain Asia from 2008 to 2017	115
A multi-scale daily SPEI dataset for drought characterization at observation stations over mainland China from 1961 to 2018	112
Early-season mapping of winter wheat in China based on Landsat and Sentinel images	110
High-resolution global map of smallholder and industrial closed-canopy oil palm plantations	100
OceanSODA-ETHZ: a global gridded data set of the surface ocean carbonate system for seasonal to decadal studies of ocean acidification	98
Validation of GRASP algorithm product from POLDER/PARASOL data and assessment of multi-angular polarimetry potential for aerosol monitoring	96
A global map of local climate zones to support earth system modelling and urban-scale environmental science	93

A synthesis dataset of permafrost thermal state for the Qinghai–Tibet (Xizang) Plateau, China	90
A comprehensive and synthetic dataset for global, regional, and national greenhouse gas emissions by sector 1970–2018 with an extension to 2019	87
EUREC<sup>4</sup>A	87
GOCO06s – a satellite-only global gravity field model	87
FLUXNET-CH<sub>4</sub>: a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands	86
New high-resolution estimates of the permafrost thermal state and hydrothermal conditions over the Northern Hemisphere	86
An updated version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product, GLODAPv2.2020	86
CAMS-REG-v4: a state-of-the-art high-resolution European emission inventory for air quality modelling	83
GISD30: global 30 m impervious-surface dynamic dataset from 1985 to 2020 using time-series Landsat imagery on the Google Earth Engine platform	82
Synthesis of global actual evapotranspiration from 1982 to 2019	78
Distribution and characteristics of wastewater treatment plants within the global river network	78
Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) automatic weather station data	77
A global dataset of annual urban extents (1992–2020) from harmonized nighttime lights	76
Global patterns and drivers of soil total phosphorus concentration	74
Indicators of Global Climate Change 2022: annual update of large-scale indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence	74
A global seamless 1 km resolution daily land surface temperature dataset (2003–2020)	74
Global transpiration data from sap flow measurements: the SAPFLUXNET database	73
GeoDAR: georeferenced global dams and reservoirs dataset for bridging attributes and geolocations	73
Comparing national greenhouse gas budgets reported in UNFCCC inventories against atmospheric inversions	72
Pre- and post-production processes increasingly dominate greenhouse gas emissions from agri-food systems	71
The TROPOSIF global sun-induced fluorescence dataset from the Sentinel-5P TROPOMI mission	70
Stable water isotope monitoring network of different water bodies in Shiyang River basin, a typical arid river in China	69
A 30 m resolution dataset of China's urban impervious surface area and green space, 2000–2018	67
LGHAP: the Long-term Gap-free High-resolution Air Pollutant concentration dataset, derived via tensor-flow-based multimodal data fusion	67
Changes in global air pollutant emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a dataset for atmospheric modeling	63
SeaFlux: harmonization of air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes from surface <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> data products using a st	63
An updated version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product, GLODAPv2.2021	62
A comprehensive geospatial database of nearly 100 000 reservoirs in China	62
META3.1exp: a new global mesoscale eddy trajectory atlas derived from altimetry	59
CDIAC-FF: global and national CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement manufacture: 1751–2017	57
A 1 km daily soil moisture dataset over China using in situ measurement and machine learning	57
A fine-resolution soil moisture dataset for China in 2002–2018	57
Mapping global forest age from forest inventories, biomass and climate data	56
Greenland liquid water discharge from 1958 through 2019	56
A decade of GOSAT Proxy satellite CH<sub>4</sub> observations	55
TPHiPr: a long-term (1979–2020) high-accuracy precipitation dataset (1∕30°, daily) for the Third Pole region based on high-resolution atmospheric modeling and dense observations	55
Volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections and aerosol optical depth during the Holocene (past 11 500 years) from a bipolar ice-core array	54
Constructing a complete landslide inventory dataset for the 2018 monsoon disaster in Kerala, India, for land use change analysis	54
Long-term variations in actual evapotranspiration over the Tibetan Plateau	54
EOT20: a global ocean tide model from multi-mission satellite altimetry	54
INSTANCE – the Italian seismic dataset for machine learning	53
Global climate-related predictors at kilometer resolution for the past and future	53
Carbon emissions and removals from forests: new estimates, 1990–2020	53
A worldwide meta-analysis (1977–2020) of sediment core dating using fallout radionuclides including <sup>137</sup>Cs and <sup>210</sup>Pb&l	52
High-resolution global atmospheric moisture connections from evaporation to precipitation	52
Mass balance of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets from 1992 to 2020	52
Development of the global dataset of Wetland Area and Dynamics for Methane Modeling (WAD2M)	52
GWL_FCS30: a global 30 m wetland map with a fine classification system using multi-sourced and time-series remote sensing imagery in 2020	50
The Boreal–Arctic Wetland and Lake Dataset (BAWLD)	50
A restructured and updated global soil respiration database (SRDB-V5)	49

GLODAPv2.2022: the latest version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product	49
Emission trends of air pollutants and CO2 in China from 2005 to 2021	48
An improved global remote-sensing-based surface soil moisture (RSSSM) dataset covering 2003–2018	48
Multi-resolution dataset for photovoltaic panel segmentation from satellite and aerial imagery	48
Catalog of NOx emissions from point sources as derived from the divergence of the NO2 flux for TROPOMI	48
A 30 m terrace mapping in China using Landsat 8 imagery and digital elevation model based on the Google Earth Engine	48
BAWLD-CH<sub>4</sub>: a comprehensive dataset of methane fluxes from boreal and arctic ecosystems	47
Heat stored in the Earth system 1960–2020: where does the energy go?	47
European pollen-based REVEALS land-cover reconstructions for the Holocene: methodology, mapping and potentials	47
GCI30: a global dataset of 30 m cropping intensity using multisource remote sensing imagery	46
Global time series and temporal mosaics of glacier surface velocities derived from Sentinel-1 data	46
Carbon Monitoring System Flux Net Biosphere Exchange 2020 (CMS-Flux NBE 2020)	46
Generating seamless global daily AMSR2 soil moisture (SGD-SM) long-term products for the years 2013–2019	46
Global CO<sub>2</sub> uptake by cement from 1930 to 2019	45
High-resolution biogenic global emission inventory for the time period 2000–2019 for air quality modelling	45
Third revision of the global surface seawater dimethyl sulfide climatology (DMS-Rev3)	45
Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service TEMPOral profiles (CAMS-TEMPO): global and European emission temporal profile maps for atmospheric chemistry modelling	44
Status of the Tibetan Plateau observatory (Tibet-Obs) and a 10-year (2009–2019) surface soil moisture dataset	43
CAMELS-AUS: hydrometeorological time series and landscape attributes for 222 catchments in Australia	42
A harmonized global land evaporation dataset from model-based products covering 1980–2017	42
COSMOS-Europe: a European network of cosmic-ray neutron soil moisture sensors	42
VODCA2GPP – a new, global, long-term (1988–2020) gross primary production dataset from microwave remote sensing	42
UGS-1m: fine-grained urban green space mapping of 31 major cities in China based on the deep learning framework	42
LamaH-CE: LArge-SaMple DAta for Hydrology and Environmental Sciences for Central Europe	41
The S2M meteorological and snow cover reanalysis over the French mountainous areas: description and evaluation (1958–2021)	41
Worldwide version-controlled database of glacier thickness observations	41
A daily and 500 m coupled evapotranspiration and gross primary production product across China during 2000–2020	40
The Active Faults of Eurasia Database (AFEAD): the ontology and design behind the continental-scale dataset	40
Land-use harmonization datasets for annual global carbon budgets	40
National CO2budgets (2015–2020) inferred from atmospheric CO2observations in support of the global stocktake	40
More dynamic than expected: an updated survey of surging glaciers in the Pamir	39
Patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus pools in terrestrial ecosystems in China	39
Individual tree point clouds and tree measurements from multi-platform laser scanning in German forests	39
Next generation of Bluelink ocean reanalysis with multiscale data assimilation: BRAN2020	39
Rainfall erosivity mapping over mainland China based on high-density hourly rainfall records	39
Crowdsourced air traffic data from the OpenSky Network 2019–2020	38
Long time series of daily evapotranspiration in China based on the SEBAL model and multisource images and validation	38
Bed topography of Princess Elizabeth Land in East Antarctica	38
Database of global glendonite and ikaite records throughout the Phanerozoic	37
High-resolution mapping of circum-Antarctic landfast sea ice distribution, 2000–2018	37
A global long-term (1981–2000) land surface temperature product for NOAA AVHRR	37
Refined burned-area mapping protocol using Sentinel-2 data increases estimate of 2019 Indonesian burning	37
The RapeseedMap10 database: annual maps of rapeseed at a spatial resolution of 10 m based on multi-source data	36
SinoLC-1: the first 1 m resolution national-scale land-cover map of China created with a deep learning framework and open-access data	36
Dataset of daily near-surface air temperature in China from 1979 to 2018	36
The WGLC global gridded lightning climatology and time series	36
A new satellite-derived dataset for marine aquaculture areas in China's coastal region	36
The NIEER AVHRR snow cover extent product over China – a long-term daily snow record for regional climate research	36
Lake surface sediment pollen dataset for the alpine meadow vegetation type from the eastern Tibetan Plateau and its potential in past climate reconstructions	36
Estimating population and urban areas at risk of coastal hazards, 1990–2015: how data choices matter	36
100 years of lake evolution over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau	35
A 1 km resolution soil organic carbon dataset for frozen ground in the Third Pole	35
Drainage of organic soils and GHG emissions: validation with country data	35
Development of a standard database of reference sites for validating global burned area products	34
Global sea-level budget and ocean-mass budget, with a focus on advanced data products and uncertainty characterisation	34
The HTAP_v3 emission mosaic: merging regional and global monthly emissions (2000–2018) to support air quality modelling and policies	34
Synoptic analysis of a decade of daily measurements of SO<sub>2</sub> emission in the troposphere from volcanoes of the global ground-based Network for Observation of Volca	33
Carbon fluxes from land 2000–2020: bringing clarity to countries' reporting	33
Hyperspectral-reflectance dataset of dry, wet and submerged marine litter	32
Global Covenant of Mayors, a dataset of greenhouse gas emissions for 6200 cities in Europe and the Southern Mediterranean countries	32
Arctic sea ice cover data from spaceborne synthetic aperture radar by deep learning	32
SDUST2021GRA: global marine gravity anomaly model recovered from Ka-band and Ku-band satellite altimeter data	32
A new dataset of river flood hazard maps for Europe and the Mediterranean Basin	31
Nine years of SMOS sea surface salinity global maps at the Barcelona Expert Center	31
Mapping 10 m global impervious surface area (GISA-10m) using multi-source geospatial data	30
Global GOSAT, OCO-2, and OCO-3 solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence datasets	30
A high-resolution gridded dataset of daily temperature and precipitation records (1980–2018) for Trentino-South Tyrol (north-eastern Italian Alps)	30
Global datasets of leaf photosynthetic capacity for ecological and earth system research	30
CASCADE – The Circum-Arctic Sediment CArbon DatabasE	30
A 10-year global monthly averaged terrestrial net ecosystem exchange dataset inferred from the ACOS GOSAT v9 XCO2 retrievals (GCAS2021)	30
A 1 km daily surface soil moisture dataset of enhanced coverage under all-weather conditions over China in 2003–2019	29
JOANNE: Joint dropsonde Observations of the Atmosphere in tropical North atlaNtic meso-scale Environments	29
A 1 km global dataset of historical (1979–2013) and future (2020–2100) Köppen–Geiger climate classification and bioclimatic variables	29
Reconstructing 6-hourly PM2.5 datasets from 1960 to 2020 in China	29
Black carbon and organic carbon dataset over the Third Pole	29
Greenland ice sheet mass balance from 1840 through next week	29
The cooperative IGS RT-GIMs: a reliable estimation of the global ionospheric electron content distribution in real time	29
Greenland ice velocity maps from the PROMICE project	28
Compilation of relative pollen productivity (RPP) estimates and taxonomically harmonised RPP datasets for single continents and Northern Hemisphere extratropics	28
Mapping photovoltaic power plants in China using Landsat, random forest, and Google Earth Engine	28

Implementation of the CCDC algorithm to produce the LCMAP Collection 1.0 annual land surface change product	28
A 1 km global cropland dataset from 10 000 BCE to 2100 CE	28
SoilKsatDB: global database of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements for geoscience applications	28
The ABCflux database: Arctic–boreal CO2 flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems	28
Measurements from the RV <i>Ronald H. Brown</i> and related platforms as part of the Atlantic Tradewind Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign (ATOMIC)	28
Last Interglacial sea-level proxies in the western Mediterranean	27
A European map of groundwater pH and calcium	27
Historical nitrogen fertilizer use in China from 1952 to 2018	27
Daily Terra–Aqua MODIS cloud-free snow and Randolph Glacier Inventory 6.0 combined product (M*D10A1GL06) for high-mountain Asia between 2002 and 2019	27
Country-resolved combined emission and socio-economic pathways based on the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) and Shared Socio-Economic Pathway (SSP) scenarios	27
A daily, 250 m and real-time gross primary productivity product (2000–present) covering the contiguous United States	27
A global mean sea surface temperature dataset for the Last Interglacial (129–116 ka) and contribution of thermal expansion to sea level change	27
HRLT: a high-resolution (1 d, 1 km) and long-term (1961–2019) gridded dataset for surface temperature and precipitation across China	27
Hydrography90m: a new high-resolution global hydrographic dataset	26
An all-sky 1 km daily land surface air temperature product over mainland China for 2003–2019 from MODIS and ancillary data	26
EUREC<sup>4</sup>A's <i>HALO</i>	26
A new daily gridded precipitation dataset for the Chinese mainland based on gauge observations	26
Ship- and island-based atmospheric soundings from the 2020 EUREC<sup>4</sup>A field campaign	26
Retrogressive thaw slumps along the Qinghai–Tibet Engineering Corridor: a comprehensive inventory and their distribution characteristics	26
GRQA: Global River Water Quality Archive	26
COSMOS-UK: national soil moisture and hydrometeorology data for environmental science research	26
A global dataset of atmospheric <sup>7</sup>Be and <sup>210</sup>Pb measurements: annual air concentration and depositional flux	26
Spatiotemporally consistent global dataset of the GIMMS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (PKU GIMMS NDVI) from 1982 to 2022	26
Fine-grained, spatiotemporal datasets measuring 200 years of land development in the United States	25
Landsat-based Irrigation Dataset (LANID): 30 m resolution maps of irrigation distribution, frequency, and change for the US, 1997–2017	25
The biogeography of relative abundance of soil fungi versus bacteria in surface topsoil	25
History of anthropogenic Nitrogen inputs (HaNi) to the terrestrial biosphere: a 5 arcmin resolution annual dataset from 1860 to 2019	25
Improved maps of surface water bodies, large dams, reservoirs, and lakes in China	25
A global map of root biomass across the world's forests	24
A comparative study of anthropogenic CH<sub>4</sub> emissions over China based on the ensembles of bottom-up inventories	24
A global dataset of daily maximum and minimum near-surface air temperature at 1 km resolution over land (2003–2020)	24
Harmonising the land-use flux estimates of global models and national inventories for 2000–2020	23
Petrophysical and mechanical rock property database of the Los Humeros and Acoculco geothermal fields (Mexico)	23
A historical reconstruction of cropland in China from 1900 to 2016	23
Monthly resolved modelled oceanic emissions of carbonyl sulphide and carbon disulphide for the period 2000–2019	23
An 11-year record of XCO<sub>2</sub> estimates derived from GOSAT measurements using the NASA ACOS version 9 retrieval algorithm	23
ADHI: the African Database of Hydrometric Indices (1950–2018)	23
NESEA-Rice10: high-resolution annual paddy rice maps for Northeast and Southeast Asia from 2017 to 2019	23
The consolidated European synthesis of CO2 emissions and removals for the European Union and United Kingdom: 1990–2018	22
Merging ground-based sunshine duration observations with satellite cloud and aerosol retrievals to produce high-resolution long-term surface solar radiation over China	22
A comprehensive and version-controlled database of glacial lake outburst floods in High Mountain Asia	22
Towards a regional high-resolution bathymetry of the North West Shelf of Australia based on Sentinel-2 satellite images, 3D seismic surveys, and historical datasets	22
Global maps of Forel–Ule index, hue angle and Secchi disk depth derived from 21 years of monthly ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative data	22
A global compilation of U-series-dated fossil coral sea-level indicators for the Last Interglacial period (Marine Isotope Stage 5e)	22
Emissions of greenhouse gases from energy use in agriculture, forestry and fisheries: 1970–2019	21
European primary emissions of criteria pollutants and greenhouse gases in 2020 modulated by the COVID-19 pandemic disruptions	21
Sub-seasonal forecasts of demand and wind power and solar power generation for 28 European countries	21
Development of the HadISDH.marine humidity climate monitoring dataset	21
Version 2 of the global catalogue of large anthropogenic and volcanic SO2 sources and emissions derived from satellite measurements	21
Virtual water trade and water footprint of agricultural goods: the 1961–2016 CWASI database	21
GPRChinaTemp1km: a high-resolution monthly air temperature data set for China (1951–2020) based on machine learning	21
A satellite-derived database for stand-replacing windthrow events in boreal forests of European Russia in 1986–2017	21
A 29-year time series of annual 300 m resolution plant-functional-type maps for climate models	20
Regional data sets of high-resolution (1 and 6 km) irrigation estimates from space	20
African anthropogenic emissions inventory for gases and particles from 1990 to 2015	20
Ten-year return levels of sub-daily extreme precipitation over Europe	20
An enhanced integrated water vapour dataset from more than 10 000 global ground-based GPS stations in 2020	20
Maps with 1 km resolution reveal increases in above- and belowground forest biomass carbon pools in China over the past 20 years	20
EMDNA: an Ensemble Meteorological Dataset for North America	20
A novel hydrographic gridded data set for the northern Antarctic Peninsula	19
Canadian historical Snow Water Equivalent dataset (CanSWE, 1928–2020)	19
Climatology of aerosol component concentrations derived from multi-angular polarimetric POLDER-3 observations using GRASP algorithm	19
A Central Asia hydrologic monitoring dataset for food and water security applications in Afghanistan	19
A high-resolution unified observational data product of mesoscale convective systems and isolated deep convection in the United States for 2004–2017	19
G2DC-PL+: a gridded 2 km daily climate dataset for the union of the Polish territory and the Vistula and Odra basins	19
Vectorized dataset of roadside noise barriers in China using street view imagery	19
High-resolution inventory of atmospheric emissions from transport, industrial, energy, mining and residential activities in Chile	19
LUCAS Copernicus 2018: Earth-observation-relevant in situ data on land cover and use throughout the European Union	19
TreeSatAI Benchmark Archive: a multi-sensor, multi-label dataset for tree species classification in remote sensing	19
Global hourly, 5 km, all-sky land surface temperature data from 2011 to 2021 based on integrating geostationary and polar-orbiting satellite data	18
Multi-decadal trends and variability in burned area from the fifth version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED5)	18
Classification and mapping of European fuels using a hierarchical, multipurpose fuel classification system	18
Deep-sea sediments of the global ocean	18
Coastal Ocean Data Analysis Product in North America (CODAP-NA) – an internally consistent data product for discrete inorganic carbon, oxygen, and nutrients on the North American ocean margins	18
DeepOWT: a global offshore wind turbine data set derived with deep learning from Sentinel-1 data	18
A new digital lithological map of Italy at the 1:100 000 scale for geomechanical modelling	18
MOSEV: a global burn severity database from MODIS (2000–2020)	18
The first pan-Alpine surface-gravity database, a modern compilation that crosses frontiers	17
Southern Ocean cloud and aerosol data: a compilation of measurements from the 2018 Southern Ocean Ross Sea Marine Ecosystems and Environment voyage	17
Bias-corrected and spatially disaggregated seasonal forecasts: a long-term reference forecast product for the water sector in semi-arid regions	17
A global database of historic glacier lake outburst floods	17
Global oceanic diazotroph database version 2 and elevated estimate of global oceanic N2 fixation	17
HydroSat: geometric quantities of the global water cycle from geodetic satellites	17
High-resolution map of sugarcane cultivation in Brazil using a phenology-based method	17
Measurements of hydrodynamics, sediment, morphology and benthos on Ameland ebb-tidal delta and lower shoreface	17
Wind, waves, and surface currents in the Southern Ocean: observations from the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition	17
Improved BEC SMOS Arctic Sea Surface Salinity product v3.1	17
A coastally improved global dataset of wet tropospheric corrections for satellite altimetry	17
The World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (version 1.0)	17
Last interglacial (MIS 5e) sea-level proxies in southeastern South America	17
MDAS: a new multimodal benchmark dataset for remote sensing	17
Hyperspectral longwave infrared reflectance spectra of naturally dried algae, anthropogenic plastics, sands and shells	17
SoDaH: the SOils DAta Harmonization database, an open-source synthesis of soil data from research networks, version 1.0	16
An 18S V4 rRNA metabarcoding dataset of protist diversity in the Atlantic inflow to the Arctic Ocean, through the year and down to 1000 m depth	16
A global terrestrial evapotranspiration product based on the three-temperature model with fewer input parameters and no calibration requirement	16