Earth System Science Data

Article	Citations
Global Carbon Budget 2020	1406
The Global Methane Budget 2000–2017	1159
ERA5-Land: a state-of-the-art global reanalysis dataset for land applications	1088
The 30 m annual land cover dataset and its dynamics in China from 1990 to 2019	760
Global Carbon Budget 2021	653
Global Carbon Budget 2022	509
GLC_FCS30: global land-cover product with fine classification system at 30 m using time-series Landsat imagery	390
An extended time series (2000–2018) of global NPP-VIIRS-like nighttime light data from a cross-sensor calibration	291
Country-level and gridded estimates of wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse	244
A global anthropogenic emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants from sector- and fuel-specific sources (1970–2017): an application of the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS)	202
An update of IPCC climate reference regions for subcontinental analysis of climate model data: definition and aggregated datasets	201
WFDE5: bias-adjusted ERA5 reanalysis data for impact studies	179
The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record	178
Changes in China's anthropogenic emissions and air quality during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020	175
Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go?	174
Annual dynamics of global land cover and its long-term changes from 1982 to 2015	170
Development of a global 30 m impervious surface map using multisource and multitemporal remote sensing datasets with the Google Earth Engine platform	163
Improved estimate of global gross primary production for reproducing its long-term variation, 1982–2017	156
The global forest above-ground biomass pool for 2010 estimated from high-resolution satellite observations	123
A cultivated planet in 2010 – Part 2: The global gridded agricultural-production maps	121
GloFAS-ERA5 operational global river discharge reanalysis 1979–present	115
A 6-year-long (2013–2018) high-resolution air quality reanalysis dataset in China based on the assimilation of surface observations from CNEMC	110
Glacial lake inventory of high-mountain Asia in 1990 and 2018 derived from Landsat images	110
A long-term (2005–2016) dataset of hourly integrated land–atmosphere interaction observations on the Tibetan Plateau	105
Annual 30 m dataset for glacial lakes in High Mountain Asia from 2008 to 2017	98

A multi-scale daily SPEI dataset for drought characterization at observation stations over mainland China from 1961 to 2018	96
Earth transformed: detailed mapping of global human modification from 1990 to 2017	92
Validation of GRASP algorithm product from POLDER/PARASOL data and assessment of multi-angular polarimetry potential for aerosol monitoring	87
EUREC<sup>4</sup>A	84
OceanSODA-ETHZ: a global gridded data set of the surface ocean carbonate system for seasonal to decadal studies of ocean acidification	83
Early-season mapping of winter wheat in China based on Landsat and Sentinel images	83
A synthesis dataset of permafrost thermal state for the Qinghai–Tibet (Xizang) Plateau, China	80
Glacier shrinkage in the Alps continues unabated as revealed by a new glacier inventory from Sentinel-2	80
CAMELS-GB: hydrometeorological time series and landscape attributes for 671 catchments in Great Britain	80
An updated version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product, GLODAPv2.2020	77
FLUXNET-CH<sub>4</sub>: a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands	75
High-resolution global map of smallholder and industrial closed-canopy oil palm plantations	74
AIMERG: a new Asian precipitation dataset (0.1°/half-hourly, 2000–2015) by calibrating the GPM-era IMERG at a daily scale using APHRODITE	73
A comprehensive and synthetic dataset for global, regional, and national greenhouse gas emissions by sector 1970–2018 with an extension to 2019	72
Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) automatic weather station data	70
A global dataset of annual urban extents (1992–2020) from harmonized nighttime lights	66
New high-resolution estimates of the permafrost thermal state and hydrothermal conditions over the Northern Hemisphere	66
Greenland Ice Sheet solid ice discharge from 1986 through March 2020	65
Synthesis of global actual evapotranspiration from 1982 to 2019	65
GOCO06s – a satellite-only global gravity field model	64
Global transpiration data from sap flow measurements: the SAPFLUXNET database	62
A global map of local climate zones to support earth system modelling and urban-scale environmental science	60
Global patterns and drivers of soil total phosphorus concentration	59
GISD30: global 30 m impervious-surface dynamic dataset from 1985 to 2020 using time-series Landsat imagery on the Google Earth Engine platform	59
Stable water isotope monitoring network of different water bodies in Shiyang River basin, a typical arid river in China	58
A 30 m resolution dataset of China's urban impervious surface area and green space, 2000–2018	58
The Sea State CCI dataset v1: towards a sea state climate data record based on satellite observations	58
Comparing national greenhouse gas budgets reported in UNFCCC inventories against atmospheric inversions	57
GeoDAR: georeferenced global dams and reservoirs dataset for bridging attributes and geolocations	57
A global seamless 1 km resolution daily land surface temperature dataset (2003–2020)	56
Changes in global air pollutant emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a dataset for atmospheric modeling	56
The TROPOSIF global sun-induced fluorescence dataset from the Sentinel-5P TROPOMI mission	55
CAMS-REG-v4: a state-of-the-art high-resolution European emission inventory for air quality modelling	54
A uniform <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> climatology combining open and coastal oceans	54
A spatially downscaled sun-induced fluorescence global product for enhanced monitoring of vegetation productivity	54
Updated tropospheric chemistry reanalysis and emission estimates, TCR-2, for 2005–2018	54
Pre- and post-production processes increasingly dominate greenhouse gas emissions from agri-food systems	53
An updated version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product, GLODAPv2.2021	53
Temporal inventory of glaciers in the Suru sub-basin, western Himalaya: impacts of regional climate variability	53
SISALv2: a comprehensive speleothem isotope database with multiple age–depth models	52
A decade of GOSAT Proxy satellite CH<sub>4</sub> observations	52
Database for the kinetics of the gas-phase atmospheric reactions of organic compounds	52
A combined Terra and Aqua MODIS land surface temperature and meteorological station data product for China from 2003 to 2017	51
SeaFlux: harmonization of air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes from surface <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> data products using a st	50
CDIAC-FF: global and national CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement manufacture: 1751–2017	50
Constructing a complete landslide inventory dataset for the 2018 monsoon disaster in Kerala, India, for land use change analysis	49
Greenland liquid water discharge from 1958 through 2019	49
Annual oil palm plantation maps in Malaysia and Indonesia from 2001 to 2016	49
CAMELS-BR: hydrometeorological time series and landscape attributes for 897 catchments in Brazil	48
A fine-resolution soil moisture dataset for China in 2002–2018	48

META3.1exp: a new global mesoscale eddy trajectory atlas derived from altimetry	47
LGHAP: the Long-term Gap-free High-resolution Air Pollutant concentration dataset, derived via tensor-flow-based multimodal data fusion	47
Development of the global dataset of Wetland Area and Dynamics for Methane Modeling (WAD2M)	46
The Boreal–Arctic Wetland and Lake Dataset (BAWLD)	46
The Iso2k database: a global compilation of paleo-<i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O and <i>δ</i><sup>2</s	46
Distribution and characteristics of wastewater treatment plants within the global river network	46
Carbon emissions and removals from forests: new estimates, 1990–2020	45
Long-term variations in actual evapotranspiration over the Tibetan Plateau	45
A comparison of estimates of global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil carbon sources	45
Towards harmonisation of image velocimetry techniques for river surface velocity observations	44
Mapping global forest age from forest inventories, biomass and climate data	44
Volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections and aerosol optical depth during the Holocene (past 11 500 years) from a bipolar ice-core array	43
An improved global remote-sensing-based surface soil moisture (RSSSM) dataset covering 2003–2018	42
A restructured and updated global soil respiration database (SRDB-V5)	42
BAWLD-CH<sub>4</sub>: a comprehensive dataset of methane fluxes from boreal and arctic ecosystems	42
European pollen-based REVEALS land-cover reconstructions for the Holocene: methodology, mapping and potentials	42
Spatial and temporal patterns of global soil heterotrophic respiration in terrestrial ecosystems	42
INSTANCE – the Italian seismic dataset for machine learning	41
A 40-year High Arctic climatological dataset of the Polish Polar Station Hornsund (SW Spitsbergen, Svalbard)	41
A 30 m terrace mapping in China using Landsat 8 imagery and digital elevation model based on the Google Earth Engine	41
EOT20: a global ocean tide model from multi-mission satellite altimetry	41
A dense network of cosmic-ray neutron sensors for soil moisture observation in a highly instrumented pre-Alpine headwater catchment in Germany	40
Generating seamless global daily AMSR2 soil moisture (SGD-SM) long-term products for the years 2013–2019	40
Carbon Monitoring System Flux Net Biosphere Exchange 2020 (CMS-Flux NBE 2020)	38
Global time series and temporal mosaics of glacier surface velocities derived from Sentinel-1 data	38
Status of the Tibetan Plateau observatory (Tibet-Obs) and a 10-year (2009–2019) surface soil moisture dataset	38
Worldwide version-controlled database of glacier thickness observations	38
Description of the multi-approach gravity field models from Swarm GPS data	37
High-resolution global atmospheric moisture connections from evaporation to precipitation	37
Global climate-related predictors at kilometer resolution for the past and future	37
Global CO<sub>2</sub> uptake by cement from 1930 to 2019	37
GCI30: a global dataset of 30 m cropping intensity using multisource remote sensing imagery	35
A comprehensive geospatial database of nearly 100 000 reservoirs in China	35
TPHiPr: a long-term (1979–2020) high-accuracy precipitation dataset (1∕30°, daily) for the Third Pole region based on high-resolution atmospheric modeling and dense observations	35
High-resolution mapping of circum-Antarctic landfast sea ice distribution, 2000–2018	35
A worldwide meta-analysis (1977–2020) of sediment core dating using fallout radionuclides including <sup>137</sup>Cs and <sup>210</sup>Pb&l	35
Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service TEMPOral profiles (CAMS-TEMPO): global and European emission temporal profile maps for atmospheric chemistry modelling	35
Catalog of NOx emissions from point sources as derived from the divergence of the NO2 flux for TROPOMI	35
Next generation of Bluelink ocean reanalysis with multiscale data assimilation: BRAN2020	34
The Eurasian Modern Pollen Database (EMPD), version 2	34
A global long-term (1981–2000) land surface temperature product for NOAA AVHRR	34
COSMOS-Europe: a European network of cosmic-ray neutron soil moisture sensors	34
More dynamic than expected: an updated survey of surging glaciers in the Pamir	34
Bed topography of Princess Elizabeth Land in East Antarctica	33
GLODAPv2.2022: the latest version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product	33
Land-use harmonization datasets for annual global carbon budgets	33
Satellite-based remote sensing data set of global surface water storage change from 1992 to 2018	33
Drainage of organic soils and GHG emissions: validation with country data	33
A harmonized global land evaporation dataset from model-based products covering 1980–2017	33
High-resolution biogenic global emission inventory for the time period 2000–2019 for air quality modelling	32
SCDNA: a serially complete precipitation and temperature dataset for North America from 1979 to 2018	32
Multi-resolution dataset for photovoltaic panel segmentation from satellite and aerial imagery	32
Crowdsourced air traffic data from the OpenSky Network 2019–2020	32
The PROFOUND Database for evaluating vegetation models and simulating climate impacts on European forests	32
GWL_FCS30: a global 30 m wetland map with a fine classification system using multi-sourced and time-series remote sensing imagery in 2020	31
A 1 km resolution soil organic carbon dataset for frozen ground in the Third Pole	31
The S2M meteorological and snow cover reanalysis over the French mountainous areas: description and evaluation (1958–2021)	31
A 1 km daily soil moisture dataset over China using in situ measurement and machine learning	31
CAMELS-AUS: hydrometeorological time series and landscape attributes for 222 catchments in Australia	31
Database of global glendonite and ikaite records throughout the Phanerozoic	31
Synoptic analysis of a decade of daily measurements of SO<sub>2</sub> emission in the troposphere from volcanoes of the global ground-based Network for Observation of Volca	31
Rainfall erosivity mapping over mainland China based on high-density hourly rainfall records	31
Global Carbon Budget 2023	30
100 years of lake evolution over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau	30
Lake surface sediment pollen dataset for the alpine meadow vegetation type from the eastern Tibetan Plateau and its potential in past climate reconstructions	30
The WGLC global gridded lightning climatology and time series	30
Patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus pools in terrestrial ecosystems in China	30
Third revision of the global surface seawater dimethyl sulfide climatology (DMS-Rev3)	30
European anthropogenic AFOLU greenhouse gas emissions: a review and benchmark data	30
Global sea-level budget and ocean-mass budget, with a focus on advanced data products and uncertainty characterisation	29
The NIEER AVHRR snow cover extent product over China – a long-term daily snow record for regional climate research	29
LamaH-CE: LArge-SaMple DAta for Hydrology and Environmental Sciences for Central Europe	29
Mass balance of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets from 1992 to 2020	28
Development of a standard database of reference sites for validating global burned area products	28
The cooperative IGS RT-GIMs: a reliable estimation of the global ionospheric electron content distribution in real time	28
Asset exposure data for global physical risk assessment	28
Long time series of daily evapotranspiration in China based on the SEBAL model and multisource images and validation	28
UGS-1m: fine-grained urban green space mapping of 31 major cities in China based on the deep learning framework	28
Refined burned-area mapping protocol using Sentinel-2 data increases estimate of 2019 Indonesian burning	27
Hyperspectral-reflectance dataset of dry, wet and submerged marine litter	27

VODCA2GPP – a new, global, long-term (1988–2020) gross primary production dataset from microwave remote sensing	27
New ground-based Fourier-transform near-infrared solar absorption measurements of XCO<sub>2</sub>, XCH<sub>4</sub> and XCO at Xianghe, China	27
Arctic sea ice cover data from spaceborne synthetic aperture radar by deep learning	26
Dataset of daily near-surface air temperature in China from 1979 to 2018	26
JOANNE: Joint dropsonde Observations of the Atmosphere in tropical North atlaNtic meso-scale Environments	26
Measurements from the RV <i>Ronald H. Brown</i> and related platforms as part of the Atlantic Tradewind Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign (ATOMIC)	26
Timely estimates of India's annual and monthly fossil CO<sub>2</sub> emissions	26
The PetroPhysical Property Database (P<sup>3</sup>) – a global compilation of lab-measured rock properties	26
Mapping the yields of lignocellulosic bioenergy crops from observations at the global scale	26
A new satellite-derived dataset for marine aquaculture areas in China's coastal region	26
Carbon fluxes from land 2000–2020: bringing clarity to countries' reporting	26
Greenland ice sheet mass balance from 1840 through next week	26
Estimating population and urban areas at risk of coastal hazards, 1990–2015: how data choices matter	25
National CO2budgets (2015–2020) inferred from atmospheric CO2observations in support of the global stocktake	25
An integration of gauge, satellite, and reanalysis precipitation datasets for the largest river basin of the Tibetan Plateau	25
Black carbon and organic carbon dataset over the Third Pole	25
Indicators of Global Climate Change 2022: annual update of large-scale indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence	25
Compilation of relative pollen productivity (RPP) estimates and taxonomically harmonised RPP datasets for single continents and Northern Hemisphere extratropics	25
Global Covenant of Mayors, a dataset of greenhouse gas emissions for 6200 cities in Europe and the Southern Mediterranean countries	25
Decomposability of soil organic matter over time: the Soil Incubation Database (SIDb, version 1.0) and guidance for incubation procedures	25
Ship- and island-based atmospheric soundings from the 2020 EUREC<sup>4</sup>A field campaign	25
A cultivated planet in 2010 – Part 1: The global synergy cropland map	25
A global mean sea surface temperature dataset for the Last Interglacial (129–116 ka) and contribution of thermal expansion to sea level change	25
A European map of groundwater pH and calcium	25
A daily and 500 m coupled evapotranspiration and gross primary production product across China during 2000–2020	25
A high-resolution reanalysis of global fire weather from 1979 to 2018 – overwintering the Drought Code	24
A high-resolution gridded dataset of daily temperature and precipitation records (1980–2018) for Trentino-South Tyrol (north-eastern Italian Alps)	24
Nine years of SMOS sea surface salinity global maps at the Barcelona Expert Center	24
The RapeseedMap10 database: annual maps of rapeseed at a spatial resolution of 10 m based on multi-source data	24
Reconstructing 6-hourly PM2.5 datasets from 1960 to 2020 in China	24
Emission trends of air pollutants and CO2 in China from 2005 to 2021	23
SoilKsatDB: global database of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements for geoscience applications	23
EUREC<sup>4</sup>A's <i>HALO</i>	23
Greenland ice velocity maps from the PROMICE project	23
Global GOSAT, OCO-2, and OCO-3 solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence datasets	23
The ABCflux database: Arctic–boreal CO2 flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems	23
The Global Space-based Stratospheric Aerosol Climatology (version 2.0): 1979–2018	23
Last Interglacial sea-level proxies in the western Mediterranean	22
An all-sky 1 km daily land surface air temperature product over mainland China for 2003–2019 from MODIS and ancillary data	22
Improved maps of surface water bodies, large dams, reservoirs, and lakes in China	22
A global monthly climatology of oceanic total dissolved inorganic carbon: a neural network approach	22
GRQA: Global River Water Quality Archive	22
Individual tree point clouds and tree measurements from multi-platform laser scanning in German forests	22
Country-resolved combined emission and socio-economic pathways based on the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) and Shared Socio-Economic Pathway (SSP) scenarios	22
A daily, 250 m and real-time gross primary productivity product (2000–present) covering the contiguous United States	22
A global dataset of atmospheric <sup>7</sup>Be and <sup>210</sup>Pb measurements: annual air concentration and depositional flux	22
The Active Faults of Eurasia Database (AFEAD): the ontology and design behind the continental-scale dataset	22
Heat stored in the Earth system 1960–2020: where does the energy go?	22
Mapping 10 m global impervious surface area (GISA-10m) using multi-source geospatial data	21
EMDNA: an Ensemble Meteorological Dataset for North America	21
The consolidated European synthesis of CO2 emissions and removals for the European Union and United Kingdom: 1990–2018	21
Petrophysical and mechanical rock property database of the Los Humeros and Acoculco geothermal fields (Mexico)	21
A new dataset of river flood hazard maps for Europe and the Mediterranean Basin	21
CASCADE – The Circum-Arctic Sediment CArbon DatabasE	21
Landsat-based Irrigation Dataset (LANID): 30 m resolution maps of irrigation distribution, frequency, and change for the US, 1997–2017	21
Radiative forcing of climate change from the Copernicus reanalysis of atmospheric composition	21
Monthly resolved modelled oceanic emissions of carbonyl sulphide and carbon disulphide for the period 2000–2019	21
Global database of ratios of particulate organic carbon to thorium-234 in the ocean: improving estimates of the biological carbon pump	20
SDUST2021GRA: global marine gravity anomaly model recovered from Ka-band and Ku-band satellite altimeter data	20
DSCOVR/EPIC-derived global hourly and daily downward shortwave and photosynthetically active radiation data at 0.1° × 0.1° resolution	20
Daily Terra–Aqua MODIS cloud-free snow and Randolph Glacier Inventory 6.0 combined product (M*D10A1GL06) for high-mountain Asia between 2002 and 2019	20
Ten-year return levels of sub-daily extreme precipitation over Europe	20
Fine-grained, spatiotemporal datasets measuring 200 years of land development in the United States	20
A comparative study of anthropogenic CH<sub>4</sub> emissions over China based on the ensembles of bottom-up inventories	20
Sub-seasonal forecasts of demand and wind power and solar power generation for 28 European countries	20
A 10-year global monthly averaged terrestrial net ecosystem exchange dataset inferred from the ACOS GOSAT v9 XCO2 retrievals (GCAS2021)	20
HRLT: a high-resolution (1 d, 1 km) and long-term (1961–2019) gridded dataset for surface temperature and precipitation across China	20
Historical nitrogen fertilizer use in China from 1952 to 2018	19
Global maps of Forel–Ule index, hue angle and Secchi disk depth derived from 21 years of monthly ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative data	19
Implementation of the CCDC algorithm to produce the LCMAP Collection 1.0 annual land surface change product	19
Towards a regional high-resolution bathymetry of the North West Shelf of Australia based on Sentinel-2 satellite images, 3D seismic surveys, and historical datasets	19
Retrogressive thaw slumps along the Qinghai–Tibet Engineering Corridor: a comprehensive inventory and their distribution characteristics	19
An integrated compilation of data sources for the development of a marine protected area in the Weddell Sea	18
ADHI: the African Database of Hydrometric Indices (1950–2018)	18
Hydrography90m: a new high-resolution global hydrographic dataset	18
A satellite-derived database for stand-replacing windthrow events in boreal forests of European Russia in 1986–2017	18
Spatial radionuclide deposition data from the 60 km radial area around the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant: results from a sampling survey in 1987	18
COSMOS-UK: national soil moisture and hydrometeorology data for environmental science research	18
A global map of root biomass across the world's forests	18
A 1 km global cropland dataset from 10 000 BCE to 2100 CE	18
Apparent ecosystem carbon turnover time: uncertainties and robust features	17
An 11-year record of XCO<sub>2</sub> estimates derived from GOSAT measurements using the NASA ACOS version 9 retrieval algorithm	17
High-resolution inventory of atmospheric emissions from transport, industrial, energy, mining and residential activities in Chile	17
A 1 km global dataset of historical (1979–2013) and future (2020–2100) Köppen–Geiger climate classification and bioclimatic variables	17
A 1 km daily surface soil moisture dataset of enhanced coverage under all-weather conditions over China in 2003–2019	17
The HTAP_v3 emission mosaic: merging regional and global monthly emissions (2000–2018) to support air quality modelling and policies	17
Mapping photovoltaic power plants in China using Landsat, random forest, and Google Earth Engine	17
A novel hydrographic gridded data set for the northern Antarctic Peninsula	17
African anthropogenic emissions inventory for gases and particles from 1990 to 2015	17
A Canadian River Ice Database from the National Hydrometric Program Archives	17
Measurements of hydrodynamics, sediment, morphology and benthos on Ameland ebb-tidal delta and lower shoreface	17
A historical reconstruction of cropland in China from 1900 to 2016	17
The HadGEM3-GA7.1 radiative kernel: the importance of a well-resolved stratosphere	17
LUCAS Copernicus 2018: Earth-observation-relevant in situ data on land cover and use throughout the European Union	17
Early instrumental meteorological observations in Switzerland: 1708–1873	17