Earth System Science Data

Article	Citations
Global Carbon Budget 2020	1234
Global Carbon Budget 2019	1031
The Global Methane Budget 2000–2017	965
ERA5-Land: a state-of-the-art global reanalysis dataset for land applications	771
Global Carbon Budget 2021	495
The 30 m annual land cover dataset and its dynamics in China from 1990 to 2019	484
1 km monthly temperature and precipitation dataset for China from 1901 to 2017	398
GLC_FCS30: global land-cover product with fine classification system at 30 m using time-series Landsat imagery	294
Global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from cement production, 1928–2018	279
Global Carbon Budget 2022	238
An extended time series (2000–2018) of global NPP-VIIRS-like nighttime light data from a cross-sensor calibration	226
Country-level and gridded estimates of wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse	187
An update of IPCC climate reference regions for subcontinental analysis of climate model data: definition and aggregated datasets	170
A global anthropogenic emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants from sector- and fuel-specific sources (1970–2017): an application of the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS)	158
Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go?	149
Standardised soil profile data to support global mapping and modelling (WoSIS snapshot 2019)	145
WFDE5: bias-adjusted ERA5 reanalysis data for impact studies	143
Development of a global 30 m impervious surface map using multisource and multitemporal remote sensing datasets with the Google Earth Engine platform	142
The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record	141
Changes in China's anthropogenic emissions and air quality during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020	141
Annual dynamics of global land cover and its long-term changes from 1982 to 2015	140
Improved estimate of global gross primary production for reproducing its long-term variation, 1982–2017	122
GRUN: an observation-based global gridded runoff dataset from 1902 to 2014	119
The global long-term microwave Vegetation Optical Depth Climate Archive (VODCA)	107
The global forest above-ground biomass pool for 2010 estimated from high-resolution satellite observations	97

ChinaCropPhen1km: a high-resolution crop phenological dataset for three staple crops in China during 2000–2015 based on leaf area index (LAI) products	96
A cultivated planet in 2010 – Part 2: The global gridded agricultural-production maps	95
GloFAS-ERA5 operational global river discharge reanalysis 1979–present	95
Glacial lake inventory of high-mountain Asia in 1990 and 2018 derived from Landsat images	93
A 6-year-long (2013–2018) high-resolution air quality reanalysis dataset in China based on the assimilation of surface observations from CNEMC	88
A long-term (2005–2016) dataset of hourly integrated land–atmosphere interaction observations on the Tibetan Plateau	87
Annual 30 m dataset for glacial lakes in High Mountain Asia from 2008 to 2017	85
Earth transformed: detailed mapping of global human modification from 1990 to 2017	76
EUREC<sup>4</sup>A	74
Glacier shrinkage in the Alps continues unabated as revealed by a new glacier inventory from Sentinel-2	73
CAMELS-GB: hydrometeorological time series and landscape attributes for 671 catchments in Great Britain	73
An updated version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product, GLODAPv2.2020	70
Validation of GRASP algorithm product from POLDER/PARASOL data and assessment of multi-angular polarimetry potential for aerosol monitoring	69
Early-season mapping of winter wheat in China based on Landsat and Sentinel images	68
A multi-scale daily SPEI dataset for drought characterization at observation stations over mainland China from 1961 to 2018	67
AIMERG: a new Asian precipitation dataset (0.1°/half-hourly, 2000–2015) by calibrating the GPM-era IMERG at a daily scale using APHRODITE	63
FLUXNET-CH<sub>4</sub>: a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands	62
A synthesis dataset of permafrost thermal state for the Qinghai–Tibet (Xizang) Plateau, China	62
OceanSODA-ETHZ: a global gridded data set of the surface ocean carbonate system for seasonal to decadal studies of ocean acidification	60
A 16-year dataset (2000–2015) of high-resolution (3 h, 10 km) global surface solar radiation	59
High-resolution global map of smallholder and industrial closed-canopy oil palm plantations	58
A comprehensive and synthetic dataset for global, regional, and national greenhouse gas emissions by sector 1970–2018 with an extension to 2019	58
Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) automatic weather station data	56
A pan-African high-resolution drought index dataset	54
A global gridded (0.1° × 0.1°) inventory of methane emissions from oil, gas, and coal exploitation based on national reports to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change	53
The Sea State CCI dataset v1: towards a sea state climate data record based on satellite observations	52
Greenland Ice Sheet solid ice discharge from 1986 through March 2020	52
GOCO06s – a satellite-only global gravity field model	50
Synthesis of global actual evapotranspiration from 1982 to 2019	50
Global transpiration data from sap flow measurements: the SAPFLUXNET database	49
Updated tropospheric chemistry reanalysis and emission estimates, TCR-2, for 2005–2018	49
A global dataset of annual urban extents (1992–2020) from harmonized nighttime lights	48
Changes in global air pollutant emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a dataset for atmospheric modeling	48
A decade of GOSAT Proxy satellite CH<sub>4</sub> observations	47
New high-resolution estimates of the permafrost thermal state and hydrothermal conditions over the Northern Hemisphere	46
A combined Terra and Aqua MODIS land surface temperature and meteorological station data product for China from 2003 to 2017	46
A fine-resolution soil moisture dataset for China in 2002–2018	46
Iberia01: a new gridded dataset of daily precipitation and temperatures over Iberia	45
A spatially downscaled sun-induced fluorescence global product for enhanced monitoring of vegetation productivity	45
A spatially explicit database of wind disturbances in European forests over the period 2000–2018	45
An updated version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product, GLODAPv2.2021	44
Greenland liquid water discharge from 1958 through 2019	44
SISALv2: a comprehensive speleothem isotope database with multiple age–depth models	44
An improved Terra–Aqua MODIS snow cover and Randolph Glacier Inventory 6.0 combined product (MOYDGL06*) for high-mountain Asia between 2002 and 2018	43
Global patterns and drivers of soil total phosphorus concentration	43
Database for the kinetics of the gas-phase atmospheric reactions of organic compounds	43
Constructing a complete landslide inventory dataset for the 2018 monsoon disaster in Kerala, India, for land use change analysis	43
Temporal inventory of glaciers in the Suru sub-basin, western Himalaya: impacts of regional climate variability	42
A 30 m resolution dataset of China's urban impervious surface area and green space, 2000–2018	42
A uniform <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> climatology combining open and coastal oceans	42

A global map of local climate zones to support earth system modelling and urban-scale environmental science	42
An open-source database for the synthesis of soil radiocarbon data: International Soil Radiocarbon Database (ISRaD) version 1.0	42
Annual oil palm plantation maps in Malaysia and Indonesia from 2001 to 2016	41
A review of biomass equations for China's tree species	41
The Iso2k database: a global compilation of paleo-<i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O and <i>δ</i><sup>2</s	40
Spatial and temporal patterns of global soil heterotrophic respiration in terrestrial ecosystems	40
CAMS-REG-v4: a state-of-the-art high-resolution European emission inventory for air quality modelling	40
Comparing national greenhouse gas budgets reported in UNFCCC inventories against atmospheric inversions	39
The TROPOSIF global sun-induced fluorescence dataset from the Sentinel-5P TROPOMI mission	39
Cloud_cci Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer post meridiem (AVHRR-PM) dataset version 3: 35-year climatology of global cloud and radiation properties	39
Development of the global dataset of Wetland Area and Dynamics for Methane Modeling (WAD2M)	39
An improved global remote-sensing-based surface soil moisture (RSSSM) dataset covering 2003–2018	39
CAMELS-BR: hydrometeorological time series and landscape attributes for 897 catchments in Brazil	38
SeaFlux: harmonization of air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes from surface <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> data products using a st	38
Long-term variations in actual evapotranspiration over the Tibetan Plateau	38
CDIAC-FF: global and national CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement manufacture: 1751–2017	37
A restructured and updated global soil respiration database (SRDB-V5)	37
A comparison of estimates of global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil carbon sources	37
Generating seamless global daily AMSR2 soil moisture (SGD-SM) long-term products for the years 2013–2019	36
Pre- and post-production processes increasingly dominate greenhouse gas emissions from agri-food systems	36
Carbon emissions and removals from forests: new estimates, 1990–2020	36
GISD30: global 30 m impervious-surface dynamic dataset from 1985 to 2020 using time-series Landsat imagery on the Google Earth Engine platform	36
Towards harmonisation of image velocimetry techniques for river surface velocity observations	36
LGHAP: the Long-term Gap-free High-resolution Air Pollutant concentration dataset, derived via tensor-flow-based multimodal data fusion	36
Status of the Tibetan Plateau observatory (Tibet-Obs) and a 10-year (2009–2019) surface soil moisture dataset	36
A dense network of cosmic-ray neutron sensors for soil moisture observation in a highly instrumented pre-Alpine headwater catchment in Germany	35
A 40-year High Arctic climatological dataset of the Polish Polar Station Hornsund (SW Spitsbergen, Svalbard)	35
High-resolution mapping of circum-Antarctic landfast sea ice distribution, 2000–2018	35
A global seamless 1 km resolution daily land surface temperature dataset (2003–2020)	35
The dead line for oil and gas and implication for fossil resource prediction	34
GeoDAR: georeferenced global dams and reservoirs dataset for bridging attributes and geolocations	34
The Boreal–Arctic Wetland and Lake Dataset (BAWLD)	34
Catalog of NOx emissions from point sources as derived from the divergence of the NO2 flux for TROPOMI	33
More dynamic than expected: an updated survey of surging glaciers in the Pamir	33
Distribution and characteristics of wastewater treatment plants within the global river network	33
Worldwide version-controlled database of glacier thickness observations	32
META3.1exp: a new global mesoscale eddy trajectory atlas derived from altimetry	31
Volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections and aerosol optical depth during the Holocene (past 11 500 years) from a bipolar ice-core array	31
Carbon Monitoring System Flux Net Biosphere Exchange 2020 (CMS-Flux NBE 2020)	31
Soil moisture and matric potential – an open field comparison of sensor systems	31
Global time series and temporal mosaics of glacier surface velocities derived from Sentinel-1 data	31
Mapping global forest age from forest inventories, biomass and climate data	31
EOT20: a global ocean tide model from multi-mission satellite altimetry	30
BAWLD-CH<sub>4</sub>: a comprehensive dataset of methane fluxes from boreal and arctic ecosystems	30
Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service TEMPOral profiles (CAMS-TEMPO): global and European emission temporal profile maps for atmospheric chemistry modelling	30
Crowdsourced air traffic data from the OpenSky Network 2019–2020	30
The Eurasian Modern Pollen Database (EMPD), version 2	30
A worldwide meta-analysis (1977–2020) of sediment core dating using fallout radionuclides including <sup>137</sup>Cs and <sup>210</sup>Pb&l	29
High-resolution global atmospheric moisture connections from evaporation to precipitation	29
INSTANCE – the Italian seismic dataset for machine learning	29
Global CO<sub>2</sub> uptake by cement from 1930 to 2019	29
Hyperspectral ultraviolet to shortwave infrared characteristics of marine-harvested, washed-ashore and virgin plastics	29
A global long-term (1981–2000) land surface temperature product for NOAA AVHRR	29
The PROFOUND Database for evaluating vegetation models and simulating climate impacts on European forests	29
Bed topography of Princess Elizabeth Land in East Antarctica	29
A 30 m terrace mapping in China using Landsat 8 imagery and digital elevation model based on the Google Earth Engine	29
100 years of lake evolution over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau	28
A new merge of global surface temperature datasets since the start of the 20th century	28
Satellite-based remote sensing data set of global surface water storage change from 1992 to 2018	28
SCDNA: a serially complete precipitation and temperature dataset for North America from 1979 to 2018	28
Land-use harmonization datasets for annual global carbon budgets	28
A comprehensive in situ and remote sensing data set from the Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) campaign	28
Description of the multi-approach gravity field models from Swarm GPS data	27
Synoptic analysis of a decade of daily measurements of SO<sub>2</sub> emission in the troposphere from volcanoes of the global ground-based Network for Observation of Volca	27
Database of global glendonite and ikaite records throughout the Phanerozoic	27
A national dataset of 30 m annual urban extent dynamics (1985–2015) in the conterminous United States	27
Asset exposure data for global physical risk assessment	27
A 1 km resolution soil organic carbon dataset for frozen ground in the Third Pole	27
European anthropogenic AFOLU greenhouse gas emissions: a review and benchmark data	26
The cooperative IGS RT-GIMs: a reliable estimation of the global ionospheric electron content distribution in real time	26
A Fundamental Climate Data Record of SMMR, SSM/I, and SSMIS brightness temperatures	26
Next generation of Bluelink ocean reanalysis with multiscale data assimilation: BRAN2020	26
COSMOS-Europe: a European network of cosmic-ray neutron soil moisture sensors	25
Patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus pools in terrestrial ecosystems in China	25
Drainage of organic soils and GHG emissions: validation with country data	25
European pollen-based REVEALS land-cover reconstructions for the Holocene: methodology, mapping and potentials	24
TephraKam: geochemical database of glass compositions in tephra and welded tuffs from the Kamchatka volcanic arc (northwestern Pacific)	24
LamaH-CE: LArge-SaMple DAta for Hydrology and Environmental Sciences for Central Europe	24
Arctic sea ice cover data from spaceborne synthetic aperture radar by deep learning	24
Stable water isotope monitoring network of different water bodies in Shiyang River basin, a typical arid river in China	24

CAMELS-AUS: hydrometeorological time series and landscape attributes for 222 catchments in Australia	24
GCI30: a global dataset of 30 m cropping intensity using multisource remote sensing imagery	24
Rainfall erosivity mapping over mainland China based on high-density hourly rainfall records	24
Measurements from the RV <i>Ronald H. Brown</i> and related platforms as part of the Atlantic Tradewind Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign (ATOMIC)	24
Development of a standard database of reference sites for validating global burned area products	23
JOANNE: Joint dropsonde Observations of the Atmosphere in tropical North atlaNtic meso-scale Environments	23
Long time series of daily evapotranspiration in China based on the SEBAL model and multisource images and validation	23
Global sea-level budget and ocean-mass budget, with a focus on advanced data products and uncertainty characterisation	23
Timely estimates of India's annual and monthly fossil CO<sub>2</sub> emissions	23
The NIEER AVHRR snow cover extent product over China – a long-term daily snow record for regional climate research	23
Ship- and island-based atmospheric soundings from the 2020 EUREC<sup>4</sup>A field campaign	22
Nine years of SMOS sea surface salinity global maps at the Barcelona Expert Center	22
An integration of gauge, satellite, and reanalysis precipitation datasets for the largest river basin of the Tibetan Plateau	22
The S2M meteorological and snow cover reanalysis over the French mountainous areas: description and evaluation (1958–2021)	22
Multi-resolution dataset for photovoltaic panel segmentation from satellite and aerial imagery	22
The PetroPhysical Property Database (P<sup>3</sup>) – a global compilation of lab-measured rock properties	22
Hyperspectral-reflectance dataset of dry, wet and submerged marine litter	22
New ground-based Fourier-transform near-infrared solar absorption measurements of XCO<sub>2</sub>, XCH<sub>4</sub> and XCO at Xianghe, China	22
Green Edge ice camp campaigns: understanding the processes controlling the under-ice Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom	22
Mapping the yields of lignocellulosic bioenergy crops from observations at the global scale	21
High-resolution biogenic global emission inventory for the time period 2000–2019 for air quality modelling	21
The WGLC global gridded lightning climatology and time series	21
A global mean sea surface temperature dataset for the Last Interglacial (129–116 ka) and contribution of thermal expansion to sea level change	21
Third revision of the global surface seawater dimethyl sulfide climatology (DMS-Rev3)	21
The RapeseedMap10 database: annual maps of rapeseed at a spatial resolution of 10 m based on multi-source data	21
Marine carbonyl sulfide (OCS) and carbon disulfide (CS<sub>2</sub>): a compilation of measurements in seawater and the marine boundary layer	21
Global Covenant of Mayors, a dataset of greenhouse gas emissions for 6200 cities in Europe and the Southern Mediterranean countries	21
High-resolution meteorological forcing data for hydrological modelling and climate change impact analysis in the Mackenzie River Basin	21
A harmonized global land evaporation dataset from model-based products covering 1980–2017	21
Black carbon and organic carbon dataset over the Third Pole	21
Global River Radar Altimetry Time Series (GRRATS): new river elevation earth science data records for the hydrologic community	21
The Global Space-based Stratospheric Aerosol Climatology (version 2.0): 1979–2018	21
Reference crop evapotranspiration database in Spain (1961–2014)	20
Lake surface sediment pollen dataset for the alpine meadow vegetation type from the eastern Tibetan Plateau and its potential in past climate reconstructions	20
EUREC<sup>4</sup>A's <i>HALO</i>	20
GLODAPv2.2022: the latest version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product	20
An all-sky 1 km daily land surface air temperature product over mainland China for 2003–2019 from MODIS and ancillary data	20
A global monthly climatology of oceanic total dissolved inorganic carbon: a neural network approach	20
TPHiPr: a long-term (1979–2020) high-accuracy precipitation dataset (1∕30°, daily) for the Third Pole region based on high-resolution atmospheric modeling and dense observations	20
A new satellite-derived dataset for marine aquaculture areas in China's coastal region	20
Decomposability of soil organic matter over time: the Soil Incubation Database (SIDb, version 1.0) and guidance for incubation procedures	19
CASCADE – The Circum-Arctic Sediment CArbon DatabasE	19
Refined burned-area mapping protocol using Sentinel-2 data increases estimate of 2019 Indonesian burning	19
DSCOVR/EPIC-derived global hourly and daily downward shortwave and photosynthetically active radiation data at 0.1° × 0.1° resolution	19
Greenhouse gas observations from the Northeast Corridor tower network	19
The consolidated European synthesis of CO2 emissions and removals for the European Union and United Kingdom: 1990–2018	19
Global maps of Forel–Ule index, hue angle and Secchi disk depth derived from 21 years of monthly ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative data	19
A cultivated planet in 2010 – Part 1: The global synergy cropland map	19
Global GOSAT, OCO-2, and OCO-3 solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence datasets	19
Greenland ice velocity maps from the PROMICE project	19
Monthly resolved modelled oceanic emissions of carbonyl sulphide and carbon disulphide for the period 2000–2019	19
Fine-grained, spatiotemporal datasets measuring 200 years of land development in the United States	19
A daily, 250 m and real-time gross primary productivity product (2000–present) covering the contiguous United States	18
Radiative forcing of climate change from the Copernicus reanalysis of atmospheric composition	18
EMDNA: an Ensemble Meteorological Dataset for North America	18
Global database of ratios of particulate organic carbon to thorium-234 in the ocean: improving estimates of the biological carbon pump	18
A comprehensive geospatial database of nearly 100 000 reservoirs in China	18
Compilation of relative pollen productivity (RPP) estimates and taxonomically harmonised RPP datasets for single continents and Northern Hemisphere extratropics	18
A European map of groundwater pH and calcium	18
Global climate-related predictors at kilometer resolution for the past and future	17
A daily and 500 m coupled evapotranspiration and gross primary production product across China during 2000–2020	17
A high-resolution reanalysis of global fire weather from 1979 to 2018 – overwintering the Drought Code	17
Carbon fluxes from land 2000–2020: bringing clarity to countries' reporting	17
A high-resolution gridded dataset of daily temperature and precipitation records (1980–2018) for Trentino-South Tyrol (north-eastern Italian Alps)	17
Daily Terra–Aqua MODIS cloud-free snow and Randolph Glacier Inventory 6.0 combined product (M*D10A1GL06) for high-mountain Asia between 2002 and 2019	17
Estimating population and urban areas at risk of coastal hazards, 1990–2015: how data choices matter	17
Country-resolved combined emission and socio-economic pathways based on the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) and Shared Socio-Economic Pathway (SSP) scenarios	17
A comparative study of anthropogenic CH<sub>4</sub> emissions over China based on the ensembles of bottom-up inventories	17
An integrated compilation of data sources for the development of a marine protected area in the Weddell Sea	17
Sub-seasonal forecasts of demand and wind power and solar power generation for 28 European countries	17
Ten-year return levels of sub-daily extreme precipitation over Europe	17
Greenland ice sheet mass balance from 1840 through next week	17
Dataset of daily near-surface air temperature in China from 1979 to 2018	16
COSMOS-UK: national soil moisture and hydrometeorology data for environmental science research	16
A global dataset of atmospheric <sup>7</sup>Be and <sup>210</sup>Pb measurements: annual air concentration and depositional flux	16
A new dataset of river flood hazard maps for Europe and the Mediterranean Basin	16
Measurements of hydrodynamics, sediment, morphology and benthos on Ameland ebb-tidal delta and lower shoreface	16
SoilKsatDB: global database of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements for geoscience applications	16
Last Interglacial sea-level proxies in the western Mediterranean	16
The Cumulus And Stratocumulus CloudSat-CALIPSO Dataset (CASCCAD)	16
Petrophysical and mechanical rock property database of the Los Humeros and Acoculco geothermal fields (Mexico)	16
Spatial radionuclide deposition data from the 60 km radial area around the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant: results from a sampling survey in 1987	16
A novel hydrographic gridded data set for the northern Antarctic Peninsula	16
The ABCflux database: Arctic–boreal CO2 flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems	16
Towards a regional high-resolution bathymetry of the North West Shelf of Australia based on Sentinel-2 satellite images, 3D seismic surveys, and historical datasets	16
Early instrumental meteorological observations in Switzerland: 1708–1873	16
High-resolution inventory of atmospheric emissions from transport, industrial, energy, mining and residential activities in Chile	15
In situ airborne measurements of atmospheric and sea surface parameters related to offshore wind parks in the German Bight	15
VODCA2GPP – a new, global, long-term (1988–2020) gross primary production dataset from microwave remote sensing	15
A global map of root biomass across the world's forests	15
Individual tree point clouds and tree measurements from multi-platform laser scanning in German forests	15
Bias-corrected and spatially disaggregated seasonal forecasts: a long-term reference forecast product for the water sector in semi-arid regions	15
A multi-year time series of observation-based 3D horizontal and vertical quasi-geostrophic global ocean currents	15
LUCAS Copernicus 2018: Earth-observation-relevant in situ data on land cover and use throughout the European Union	15
A Canadian River Ice Database from the National Hydrometric Program Archives	15
A 10-year global monthly averaged terrestrial net ecosystem exchange dataset inferred from the ACOS GOSAT v9 XCO2 retrievals (GCAS2021)	15
A historical reconstruction of cropland in China from 1900 to 2016	15
Apparent ecosystem carbon turnover time: uncertainties and robust features	15
Global variability in belowground autotrophic respiration in terrestrial ecosystems	15
Landsat-based Irrigation Dataset (LANID): 30 m resolution maps of irrigation distribution, frequency, and change for the US, 1997–2017	15
ADHI: the African Database of Hydrometric Indices (1950–2018)	15
Integrating palaeoclimate time series with rich metadata for uncertainty modelling: strategy and documentation of the PalMod 130k marine palaeoclimate data synthesis	15
An 11-year record of XCO<sub>2</sub> estimates derived from GOSAT measurements using the NASA ACOS version 9 retrieval algorithm	15