Earth System Science Data

Article	Citations
Global Carbon Budget 2020	1480
ERA5-Land: a state-of-the-art global reanalysis dataset for land applications	1300
The Global Methane Budget 2000–2017	1255
The 30 m annual land cover dataset and its dynamics in China from 1990 to 2019	945
Global Carbon Budget 2021	728
Global Carbon Budget 2022	650
GLC_FCS30: global land-cover product with fine classification system at 30 m using time-series Landsat imagery	442
An extended time series (2000–2018) of global NPP-VIIRS-like nighttime light data from a cross-sensor calibration	334
Country-level and gridded estimates of wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse	282
A global anthropogenic emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants from sector- and fuel-specific sources (1970–2017): an application of the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS)	231
An update of IPCC climate reference regions for subcontinental analysis of climate model data: definition and aggregated datasets	225
WFDE5: bias-adjusted ERA5 reanalysis data for impact studies	199
The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record	197
Changes in China's anthropogenic emissions and air quality during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020	190
Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go?	184
Improved estimate of global gross primary production for reproducing its long-term variation, 1982–2017	171
Development of a global 30 m impervious surface map using multisource and multitemporal remote sensing datasets with the Google Earth Engine platform	168
The global forest above-ground biomass pool for 2010 estimated from high-resolution satellite observations	147
A cultivated planet in 2010 – Part 2: The global gridded agricultural-production maps	129
GloFAS-ERA5 operational global river discharge reanalysis 1979–present	127
A 6-year-long (2013–2018) high-resolution air quality reanalysis dataset in China based on the assimilation of surface observations from CNEMC	120
Glacial lake inventory of high-mountain Asia in 1990 and 2018 derived from Landsat images	120
A long-term (2005–2016) dataset of hourly integrated land–atmosphere interaction observations on the Tibetan Plateau	113
A multi-scale daily SPEI dataset for drought characterization at observation stations over mainland China from 1961 to 2018	108
Annual 30 m dataset for glacial lakes in High Mountain Asia from 2008 to 2017	104

Earth transformed: detailed mapping of global human modification from 1990 to 2017	103
Early-season mapping of winter wheat in China based on Landsat and Sentinel images	96
Global Carbon Budget 2023	93
OceanSODA-ETHZ: a global gridded data set of the surface ocean carbonate system for seasonal to decadal studies of ocean acidification	91
Validation of GRASP algorithm product from POLDER/PARASOL data and assessment of multi-angular polarimetry potential for aerosol monitoring	90
CAMELS-GB: hydrometeorological time series and landscape attributes for 671 catchments in Great Britain	88
High-resolution global map of smallholder and industrial closed-canopy oil palm plantations	88
A synthesis dataset of permafrost thermal state for the Qinghai–Tibet (Xizang) Plateau, China	87
EUREC<sup>4</sup>A	84
A global map of local climate zones to support earth system modelling and urban-scale environmental science	84
Glacier shrinkage in the Alps continues unabated as revealed by a new glacier inventory from Sentinel-2	83
An updated version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product, GLODAPv2.2020	83
A comprehensive and synthetic dataset for global, regional, and national greenhouse gas emissions by sector 1970–2018 with an extension to 2019	80
FLUXNET-CH<sub>4</sub>: a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands	80
GOCO06s – a satellite-only global gravity field model	78
AIMERG: a new Asian precipitation dataset (0.1°/half-hourly, 2000–2015) by calibrating the GPM-era IMERG at a daily scale using APHRODITE	77
New high-resolution estimates of the permafrost thermal state and hydrothermal conditions over the Northern Hemisphere	76
CAMS-REG-v4: a state-of-the-art high-resolution European emission inventory for air quality modelling	73
A global dataset of annual urban extents (1992–2020) from harmonized nighttime lights	73
GISD30: global 30 m impervious-surface dynamic dataset from 1985 to 2020 using time-series Landsat imagery on the Google Earth Engine platform	72
Synthesis of global actual evapotranspiration from 1982 to 2019	71
Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) automatic weather station data	70
Global transpiration data from sap flow measurements: the SAPFLUXNET database	69
Global patterns and drivers of soil total phosphorus concentration	67
Distribution and characteristics of wastewater treatment plants within the global river network	64
Comparing national greenhouse gas budgets reported in UNFCCC inventories against atmospheric inversions	64
GeoDAR: georeferenced global dams and reservoirs dataset for bridging attributes and geolocations	64
A global seamless 1 km resolution daily land surface temperature dataset (2003–2020)	64
Stable water isotope monitoring network of different water bodies in Shiyang River basin, a typical arid river in China	63
Changes in global air pollutant emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a dataset for atmospheric modeling	62
The TROPOSIF global sun-induced fluorescence dataset from the Sentinel-5P TROPOMI mission	62
The Sea State CCI dataset v1: towards a sea state climate data record based on satellite observations	61
A 30 m resolution dataset of China's urban impervious surface area and green space, 2000–2018	61
Pre- and post-production processes increasingly dominate greenhouse gas emissions from agri-food systems	61
An updated version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product, GLODAPv2.2021	57
A uniform <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> climatology combining open and coastal oceans	57
Updated tropospheric chemistry reanalysis and emission estimates, TCR-2, for 2005–2018	57
SISALv2: a comprehensive speleothem isotope database with multiple age–depth models	56
CAMELS-BR: hydrometeorological time series and landscape attributes for 897 catchments in Brazil	56
LGHAP: the Long-term Gap-free High-resolution Air Pollutant concentration dataset, derived via tensor-flow-based multimodal data fusion	55
SeaFlux: harmonization of air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes from surface <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> data products using a st	55
Greenland liquid water discharge from 1958 through 2019	55
A decade of GOSAT Proxy satellite CH<sub>4</sub> observations	54
A fine-resolution soil moisture dataset for China in 2002–2018	54
A combined Terra and Aqua MODIS land surface temperature and meteorological station data product for China from 2003 to 2017	54
META3.1exp: a new global mesoscale eddy trajectory atlas derived from altimetry	53
Volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections and aerosol optical depth during the Holocene (past 11 500 years) from a bipolar ice-core array	52
Carbon emissions and removals from forests: new estimates, 1990–2020	51
CDIAC-FF: global and national CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement manufacture: 1751–2017	51
Development of the global dataset of Wetland Area and Dynamics for Methane Modeling (WAD2M)	50

Constructing a complete landslide inventory dataset for the 2018 monsoon disaster in Kerala, India, for land use change analysis	49
A comprehensive geospatial database of nearly 100 000 reservoirs in China	49
Long-term variations in actual evapotranspiration over the Tibetan Plateau	49
Towards harmonisation of image velocimetry techniques for river surface velocity observations	48
Mapping global forest age from forest inventories, biomass and climate data	48
The Boreal–Arctic Wetland and Lake Dataset (BAWLD)	48
EOT20: a global ocean tide model from multi-mission satellite altimetry	47
The Iso2k database: a global compilation of paleo-<i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O and <i>δ</i><sup>2</s	47
A restructured and updated global soil respiration database (SRDB-V5)	46
TPHiPr: a long-term (1979–2020) high-accuracy precipitation dataset (1∕30°, daily) for the Third Pole region based on high-resolution atmospheric modeling and dense observations	46
European pollen-based REVEALS land-cover reconstructions for the Holocene: methodology, mapping and potentials	46
An improved global remote-sensing-based surface soil moisture (RSSSM) dataset covering 2003–2018	46
Global climate-related predictors at kilometer resolution for the past and future	45
INSTANCE – the Italian seismic dataset for machine learning	45
Indicators of Global Climate Change 2022: annual update of large-scale indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence	45
Global time series and temporal mosaics of glacier surface velocities derived from Sentinel-1 data	45
GLODAPv2.2022: the latest version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product	44
BAWLD-CH<sub>4</sub>: a comprehensive dataset of methane fluxes from boreal and arctic ecosystems	44
A 1 km daily soil moisture dataset over China using in situ measurement and machine learning	44
Catalog of NOx emissions from point sources as derived from the divergence of the NO2 flux for TROPOMI	44
A 30 m terrace mapping in China using Landsat 8 imagery and digital elevation model based on the Google Earth Engine	44
A worldwide meta-analysis (1977–2020) of sediment core dating using fallout radionuclides including <sup>137</sup>Cs and <sup>210</sup>Pb&l	43
Generating seamless global daily AMSR2 soil moisture (SGD-SM) long-term products for the years 2013–2019	43
Multi-resolution dataset for photovoltaic panel segmentation from satellite and aerial imagery	43
High-resolution biogenic global emission inventory for the time period 2000–2019 for air quality modelling	42
High-resolution global atmospheric moisture connections from evaporation to precipitation	42
Mass balance of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets from 1992 to 2020	42
Carbon Monitoring System Flux Net Biosphere Exchange 2020 (CMS-Flux NBE 2020)	42
GCI30: a global dataset of 30 m cropping intensity using multisource remote sensing imagery	41
Global CO<sub>2</sub> uptake by cement from 1930 to 2019	41
GWL_FCS30: a global 30 m wetland map with a fine classification system using multi-sourced and time-series remote sensing imagery in 2020	41
Worldwide version-controlled database of glacier thickness observations	40
A harmonized global land evaporation dataset from model-based products covering 1980–2017	39
LamaH-CE: LArge-SaMple DAta for Hydrology and Environmental Sciences for Central Europe	39
Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service TEMPOral profiles (CAMS-TEMPO): global and European emission temporal profile maps for atmospheric chemistry modelling	39
The S2M meteorological and snow cover reanalysis over the French mountainous areas: description and evaluation (1958–2021)	39
A dense network of cosmic-ray neutron sensors for soil moisture observation in a highly instrumented pre-Alpine headwater catchment in Germany	39
More dynamic than expected: an updated survey of surging glaciers in the Pamir	38
COSMOS-Europe: a European network of cosmic-ray neutron soil moisture sensors	38
CAMELS-AUS: hydrometeorological time series and landscape attributes for 222 catchments in Australia	38
Status of the Tibetan Plateau observatory (Tibet-Obs) and a 10-year (2009–2019) surface soil moisture dataset	38
Third revision of the global surface seawater dimethyl sulfide climatology (DMS-Rev3)	38
The Eurasian Modern Pollen Database (EMPD), version 2	38
Land-use harmonization datasets for annual global carbon budgets	37
Patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus pools in terrestrial ecosystems in China	36
Next generation of Bluelink ocean reanalysis with multiscale data assimilation: BRAN2020	36
UGS-1m: fine-grained urban green space mapping of 31 major cities in China based on the deep learning framework	36
A global long-term (1981–2000) land surface temperature product for NOAA AVHRR	35
High-resolution mapping of circum-Antarctic landfast sea ice distribution, 2000–2018	35
Bed topography of Princess Elizabeth Land in East Antarctica	35
Drainage of organic soils and GHG emissions: validation with country data	35
Database of global glendonite and ikaite records throughout the Phanerozoic	35
A 1 km resolution soil organic carbon dataset for frozen ground in the Third Pole	35
Rainfall erosivity mapping over mainland China based on high-density hourly rainfall records	35
Crowdsourced air traffic data from the OpenSky Network 2019–2020	34
Emission trends of air pollutants and CO2 in China from 2005 to 2021	34
The NIEER AVHRR snow cover extent product over China – a long-term daily snow record for regional climate research	34
A new satellite-derived dataset for marine aquaculture areas in China's coastal region	34
The WGLC global gridded lightning climatology and time series	33
Lake surface sediment pollen dataset for the alpine meadow vegetation type from the eastern Tibetan Plateau and its potential in past climate reconstructions	33
The Active Faults of Eurasia Database (AFEAD): the ontology and design behind the continental-scale dataset	33
100 years of lake evolution over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau	33
A daily and 500 m coupled evapotranspiration and gross primary production product across China during 2000–2020	33
Long time series of daily evapotranspiration in China based on the SEBAL model and multisource images and validation	33
National CO2budgets (2015–2020) inferred from atmospheric CO2observations in support of the global stocktake	33
Synoptic analysis of a decade of daily measurements of SO<sub>2</sub> emission in the troposphere from volcanoes of the global ground-based Network for Observation of Volca	32
Refined burned-area mapping protocol using Sentinel-2 data increases estimate of 2019 Indonesian burning	32
Dataset of daily near-surface air temperature in China from 1979 to 2018	32
VODCA2GPP – a new, global, long-term (1988–2020) gross primary production dataset from microwave remote sensing	32
Heat stored in the Earth system 1960–2020: where does the energy go?	32
SCDNA: a serially complete precipitation and temperature dataset for North America from 1979 to 2018	31
Global sea-level budget and ocean-mass budget, with a focus on advanced data products and uncertainty characterisation	31
Development of a standard database of reference sites for validating global burned area products	31
Carbon fluxes from land 2000–2020: bringing clarity to countries' reporting	30
Hyperspectral-reflectance dataset of dry, wet and submerged marine litter	30
The RapeseedMap10 database: annual maps of rapeseed at a spatial resolution of 10 m based on multi-source data	30
Arctic sea ice cover data from spaceborne synthetic aperture radar by deep learning	29
Estimating population and urban areas at risk of coastal hazards, 1990–2015: how data choices matter	29
The cooperative IGS RT-GIMs: a reliable estimation of the global ionospheric electron content distribution in real time	29
The Global Space-based Stratospheric Aerosol Climatology (version 2.0): 1979–2018	29

A 10-year global monthly averaged terrestrial net ecosystem exchange dataset inferred from the ACOS GOSAT v9 XCO2 retrievals (GCAS2021)	28
Decomposability of soil organic matter over time: the Soil Incubation Database (SIDb, version 1.0) and guidance for incubation procedures	28
New ground-based Fourier-transform near-infrared solar absorption measurements of XCO<sub>2</sub>, XCH<sub>4</sub> and XCO at Xianghe, China	28
Individual tree point clouds and tree measurements from multi-platform laser scanning in German forests	28
Greenland ice sheet mass balance from 1840 through next week	28
Reconstructing 6-hourly PM2.5 datasets from 1960 to 2020 in China	28
An integration of gauge, satellite, and reanalysis precipitation datasets for the largest river basin of the Tibetan Plateau	28
Timely estimates of India's annual and monthly fossil CO<sub>2</sub> emissions	27
The ABCflux database: Arctic–boreal CO2 flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems	27
Compilation of relative pollen productivity (RPP) estimates and taxonomically harmonised RPP datasets for single continents and Northern Hemisphere extratropics	27
Measurements from the RV <i>Ronald H. Brown</i> and related platforms as part of the Atlantic Tradewind Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign (ATOMIC)	27
Black carbon and organic carbon dataset over the Third Pole	27
Nine years of SMOS sea surface salinity global maps at the Barcelona Expert Center	27
Global Covenant of Mayors, a dataset of greenhouse gas emissions for 6200 cities in Europe and the Southern Mediterranean countries	27
CASCADE – The Circum-Arctic Sediment CArbon DatabasE	27
A cultivated planet in 2010 – Part 1: The global synergy cropland map	27
Global GOSAT, OCO-2, and OCO-3 solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence datasets	27
The PetroPhysical Property Database (P<sup>3</sup>) – a global compilation of lab-measured rock properties	26
A high-resolution reanalysis of global fire weather from 1979 to 2018 – overwintering the Drought Code	26
A European map of groundwater pH and calcium	26
A global mean sea surface temperature dataset for the Last Interglacial (129–116 ka) and contribution of thermal expansion to sea level change	26
Greenland ice velocity maps from the PROMICE project	26
JOANNE: Joint dropsonde Observations of the Atmosphere in tropical North atlaNtic meso-scale Environments	26
Last Interglacial sea-level proxies in the western Mediterranean	25
Mapping 10 m global impervious surface area (GISA-10m) using multi-source geospatial data	25
Ship- and island-based atmospheric soundings from the 2020 EUREC<sup>4</sup>A field campaign	25
Country-resolved combined emission and socio-economic pathways based on the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) and Shared Socio-Economic Pathway (SSP) scenarios	25
A high-resolution gridded dataset of daily temperature and precipitation records (1980–2018) for Trentino-South Tyrol (north-eastern Italian Alps)	25
Global datasets of leaf photosynthetic capacity for ecological and earth system research	25
A daily, 250 m and real-time gross primary productivity product (2000–present) covering the contiguous United States	24
Mapping photovoltaic power plants in China using Landsat, random forest, and Google Earth Engine	24
HRLT: a high-resolution (1 d, 1 km) and long-term (1961–2019) gridded dataset for surface temperature and precipitation across China	24
A global monthly climatology of oceanic total dissolved inorganic carbon: a neural network approach	24
Improved maps of surface water bodies, large dams, reservoirs, and lakes in China	24
A global dataset of atmospheric <sup>7</sup>Be and <sup>210</sup>Pb measurements: annual air concentration and depositional flux	24
SoilKsatDB: global database of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements for geoscience applications	24
GRQA: Global River Water Quality Archive	23
SDUST2021GRA: global marine gravity anomaly model recovered from Ka-band and Ku-band satellite altimeter data	23
A new dataset of river flood hazard maps for Europe and the Mediterranean Basin	23
Retrogressive thaw slumps along the Qinghai–Tibet Engineering Corridor: a comprehensive inventory and their distribution characteristics	23
Landsat-based Irrigation Dataset (LANID): 30 m resolution maps of irrigation distribution, frequency, and change for the US, 1997–2017	23
Fine-grained, spatiotemporal datasets measuring 200 years of land development in the United States	23
COSMOS-UK: national soil moisture and hydrometeorology data for environmental science research	23
An all-sky 1 km daily land surface air temperature product over mainland China for 2003–2019 from MODIS and ancillary data	23
A 1 km daily surface soil moisture dataset of enhanced coverage under all-weather conditions over China in 2003–2019	23
EUREC<sup>4</sup>A's <i>HALO</i>	23
Hydrography90m: a new high-resolution global hydrographic dataset	22
Monthly resolved modelled oceanic emissions of carbonyl sulphide and carbon disulphide for the period 2000–2019	22
An 11-year record of XCO<sub>2</sub> estimates derived from GOSAT measurements using the NASA ACOS version 9 retrieval algorithm	22
Implementation of the CCDC algorithm to produce the LCMAP Collection 1.0 annual land surface change product	22
Petrophysical and mechanical rock property database of the Los Humeros and Acoculco geothermal fields (Mexico)	22
A 1 km global cropland dataset from 10 000 BCE to 2100 CE	22
Historical nitrogen fertilizer use in China from 1952 to 2018	22
Daily Terra–Aqua MODIS cloud-free snow and Randolph Glacier Inventory 6.0 combined product (M*D10A1GL06) for high-mountain Asia between 2002 and 2019	22
The HTAP_v3 emission mosaic: merging regional and global monthly emissions (2000–2018) to support air quality modelling and policies	22
ADHI: the African Database of Hydrometric Indices (1950–2018)	21
DSCOVR/EPIC-derived global hourly and daily downward shortwave and photosynthetically active radiation data at 0.1° × 0.1° resolution	21
Global maps of Forel–Ule index, hue angle and Secchi disk depth derived from 21 years of monthly ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative data	21
Towards a regional high-resolution bathymetry of the North West Shelf of Australia based on Sentinel-2 satellite images, 3D seismic surveys, and historical datasets	21
A historical reconstruction of cropland in China from 1900 to 2016	21
The consolidated European synthesis of CO2 emissions and removals for the European Union and United Kingdom: 1990–2018	21
A satellite-derived database for stand-replacing windthrow events in boreal forests of European Russia in 1986–2017	21
Radiative forcing of climate change from the Copernicus reanalysis of atmospheric composition	21
Sub-seasonal forecasts of demand and wind power and solar power generation for 28 European countries	21
A comparative study of anthropogenic CH<sub>4</sub> emissions over China based on the ensembles of bottom-up inventories	20
A global map of root biomass across the world's forests	20
EMDNA: an Ensemble Meteorological Dataset for North America	20
History of anthropogenic Nitrogen inputs (HaNi) to the terrestrial biosphere: a 5 arcmin resolution annual dataset from 1860 to 2019	20
Ten-year return levels of sub-daily extreme precipitation over Europe	20
Emissions of greenhouse gases from energy use in agriculture, forestry and fisheries: 1970–2019	20
Virtual water trade and water footprint of agricultural goods: the 1961–2016 CWASI database	20
The biogeography of relative abundance of soil fungi versus bacteria in surface topsoil	20
A global dataset of daily maximum and minimum near-surface air temperature at 1 km resolution over land (2003–2020)	19
Spatial radionuclide deposition data from the 60 km radial area around the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant: results from a sampling survey in 1987	19
LUCAS Copernicus 2018: Earth-observation-relevant in situ data on land cover and use throughout the European Union	19
A global compilation of U-series-dated fossil coral sea-level indicators for the Last Interglacial period (Marine Isotope Stage 5e)	19
A 1 km global dataset of historical (1979–2013) and future (2020–2100) Köppen–Geiger climate classification and bioclimatic variables	19
Merging ground-based sunshine duration observations with satellite cloud and aerosol retrievals to produce high-resolution long-term surface solar radiation over China	19
Development of the HadISDH.marine humidity climate monitoring dataset	18
Version 2 of the global catalogue of large anthropogenic and volcanic SO2 sources and emissions derived from satellite measurements	18
Climatology of aerosol component concentrations derived from multi-angular polarimetric POLDER-3 observations using GRASP algorithm	18
High-resolution inventory of atmospheric emissions from transport, industrial, energy, mining and residential activities in Chile	18
A novel hydrographic gridded data set for the northern Antarctic Peninsula	18
Harmonising the land-use flux estimates of global models and national inventories for 2000–2020	18
MOSEV: a global burn severity database from MODIS (2000–2020)	18
A multi-year time series of observation-based 3D horizontal and vertical quasi-geostrophic global ocean currents	18
GPRChinaTemp1km: a high-resolution monthly air temperature data set for China (1951–2020) based on machine learning	18
A Canadian River Ice Database from the National Hydrometric Program Archives	18
Vectorized dataset of roadside noise barriers in China using street view imagery	17
Classification and mapping of European fuels using a hierarchical, multipurpose fuel classification system	17
Regional data sets of high-resolution (1 and 6 km) irrigation estimates from space	17
Measurements of hydrodynamics, sediment, morphology and benthos on Ameland ebb-tidal delta and lower shoreface	17
SinoLC-1: the first 1 m resolution national-scale land-cover map of China created with a deep learning framework and open-access data	17
Apparent ecosystem carbon turnover time: uncertainties and robust features	17
Spatiotemporally consistent global dataset of the GIMMS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (PKU GIMMS NDVI) from 1982 to 2022	17