Earth Science Informatics

Article	Citations
CCWSIM: an efficient and fast wavelet-based CCSIM for categorical characterization of large-scale geological domains	75
Decompose-deep-recompose models and genetic algorithm based optimal ensemble method (GAE) to enhance the air temperature forecasting of world’s major urban cities	71
Spatial analysis of potential natural vegetation and habitat suitability changes on the Loess Plateau using high-resolution climate data and LPJ-GUESS model	68
HiLoF-GAN: high and low frequency information separation GAN for underwater image enhancement	63
Distributed spatial crowdsourcing based task allocation in Ocean Internet of Things	62
A combination-weighted Matter-element Extension model of water storage potential prediction in pore-fissure sandstone aquifer: case of study in Longwanggou Coalfield, Ordos basin, China	62
A Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for urban area classification using multi-source data	58
Concatenating data-driven and reduced-physics models for smart production forecasting	56
Inversion model for snow geophysical parameters estimation using sentinel–1 stokes parameter	56
Hybrid model for high-speed rail wind speed forecasting based on improved transformer	55
Correction: Extraction of maize canopy temperature and variation factor analysis based on multi-source unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing data	54
Machine learning based mapping of physicochemical attributes in the Colombian Pacific seafloor	51
A novel implementation of a decomposition-enhanced hybrid GWO–KELM model with LUBE for constructing prediction intervals of groundwater drought	51
Extraction of terrain ridge lines and valley lines based on agglomeration analysis of terrain points: a cluster analysis method	47
Determination of the stress concentration factor adjacent an extracted underground coal panel using the CART and MARS algorithms	46
G-ABORE: regularizing complex geometry building boundaries from pre-processed building LiDAR points using Bézier curve	46
A multiscale siamese transformer attention network for remote sensing image change detection	45
Ensemble machine learning approaches for estimating soil texture components in loess soils of Golestan Province	45
Modeling soil water retention curves by pore fractal dimension based on microstructure image	44
Roughness Estimation of Multi-Scale Rock Joints based on SfM & MVS Photogrammetry with A DSLR Camera in Animation Mode	44
Hyperspectral image classification based on channel perception mechanism and hybrid deformable convolution network	43
Mapping of groundwater potential zones in Pohru Watershed of Jhelum Basin-Western Himalaya, India using integrated approach of remote sensing, GIS and AHP	43
Machine learning and hyperspectral imaging to predict soil water content: methodology and field validation	39
Artificial intelligence-driven clustering and prediction of Near-Earth Object behavioural groups and close approaches	38
EZ-InSAR-3: An open-source environment for interferometric synthetic aperture radar data processing in python	37

A hybrid of RainNet and genetic algorithm in nowcasting prediction	36
Extraction of Surface Water Bodies using Optical Remote Sensing Images: A Review	36
Evaluating the efficiency and accuracy of the copula-based rainfall-runoff model	36
iHHO-CBS: Improved Harris Hawk optimization and cubic bezier smoothing framework combining T2T-ViT classification for evacuation route planning at emergency	35
Optimizing support vector machines for enhanced permeability prediction in sandstone reservoirs using systematic and heuristic hyperparameter tuning	35
Segmentation of crack disaster images based on feature extraction enhancement and multi-scale fusion	35
Implicit 3D structural geological modeling of the Mexico Basin: a scalable and reproducible open-source workflow	35
Short-term wind speed prediction model based on long short-term memory network with feature extraction	34
GNSS-A observation model with attached oceanic slowness gradient	34
Daily Wildfire Risk Prediction by Mining Global and local spatio-temporal dependency	34
An optimal deep learning model for recognition of hidden hazardous weapons in terahertz and millimeter wave images	34
Interactive web-based visualization of high-resolution rock and soil XCT: a lightweight workflow using Three.js and Zstandard	34
Post-stack seismic inversion through probabilistic neural networks and deep forward neural networks	34
Prediction of hydraulic conductivity based on the soil grain size using supervised committee machine artificial intelligence	34
Artificial neural network methodology: application to predict plasticity of clay soil treated with sand	33
CNN-based transfer learning for self-potential inversion	32
Mapping flood inundation in Baro Akobo Basin, Itang area, Ethiopia: integrating machine learning and process-based models	32
Sequence-to-sequence and meta LSTM techniques enhanced by remote sensing for advanced evapotranspiration estimation	32
Short term wind speed prediction based on CEESMDAN and improved seagull optimization kernel extreme learning machine	31
LLM-GeoCWS: a semi-supervised chinese word segmentation method using large language model for geoscience domain	31
Assessing the forecasting accuracy of intense precipitation events in Iran using the WRF model	31
Assessing the feasibility of copula functions for estimating soil properties: a case study in Hunan Province	30
Transitional shale reservoir quality evaluation based on Random Forest algorithm—a case study of the Shanxi Formation, eastern Ordos Basin, China	30
Seeing through the clouds: enhanced snow and cloud segmentation in sentinel-2 imagery with mDeepLabV3+	30
Optimized machine learning-based enhanced modeling of pile bearing capacity in layered soils using random and grid search techniques	29
Assessment of groundwater level using satellite-based hydrological parameters in North-West India: A deep learning approach	29
Assessing land degradation neutrality in semi-arid dryland agroecosystems of the matabeleland North province of Zimbabwe	29
Optimizing the wells location using the Metaheuristic algorithms, as well as optimizing the drilling time of production and injection wells in one of the reservoirs in south west of Iran	29
Integrating sentinel-2 and sentinel-3 for actual evapotranspiration estimation across diverse climate zones using the sen-ET plugin and machine learning models	29
A mixed-fluid genetic model for the baiceng fluorite deposit, SW China: Deciphering the magmatic thermal driver and basinal fluid sources	29
Lithology prediction via multiscale feature-fusion convolutional neural networks	29
Assessment of topographically influenced gravity-height gradients and plumb line curvature at Sümela Monastery (Türkiye)	28
Precise quantitative evaluation of the risk level of coal mine water inrush accidents based on the CW-BN model	28
A comparative study of LULC classifiers for analysing the cover management factor and support practice factor in RUSLE model	28
Towards progressive geospatial information processing on web systems: a case study for watershed analysis in Iowa	27
Improvement of extreme rainfall characteristics for disaggregation of rainfall using MMRC with machine learning based DBSCAN clustering algorithm	27
Enhancing landslide susceptibility mapping through advanced hybridization of bootstrap aggregating based decision tree algorithms	27
DPMFformer: an underwater image enhancement network based on deep pooling and multi-scale fusion transformer	27
Log-based estimation of magnitude, azimuth and causes of anisotropy using a committee machine-based model	27
Classification and detection of natural disasters using machine learning and deep learning techniques: A review	27
Improving permeability modeling using artificial neural networks in Lower Safa sand reservoir, JG field, Abu El-Gharadig basin, Western Desert, Egypt	27
How does extreme point sampling affect non-extreme simulation in geographical random forest?	26
MRISNet:Deep-learning-based Martian instance segmentation against blur	26
Sustainable water quality prediction using adaptive spider monkey optimization with Bi-LSTM	26
Exploring watershed structural variation during watershed evolution process under artificial rainfall experiment	26
Proposing a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm based Parsimonious Random Forest Regression (H-GAPRFR) technique for solar irradiance forecasting with feature selection and parameter optimization	25
Spatio-temporal prediction model of landslide deep displacement based on VMD-GWO-LSTM and its application	25
A novel method for estimating daily evapotranspiration based on one, two, and three-day meteorological records using the long short-term memory model combined with feedforward neural networks	25
Groundwater potential mapping in the Central Highlands of Vietnam using spatially explicit machine learning	25
A multi-scale attention encoding and dynamic decoding network designed for short-term precipitation forecasting	24

Combining social media data and meteorological sensors for urban flood detection: a statistical analysis in São Paulo City	24
EADCN-BCSR: A novel framework for accurate and real-time waste detection and classification	23
Real-time seismic signal classification using deep vision architectures for earthquake early warning systems	23
RUSLE/SDR for assessment of soil erosion by a new non-convex regression	23
Impact of segmentation algorithms on multisensor LULC classification in a semiarid Mediterranean area	23
Impervious surface Mapping and its spatial–temporal evolution analysis in the Yellow River Delta over the last three decades using Google Earth Engine	23
Improving the accuracy of rainfall-runoff relationship estimation using signal processing techniques, bio-inspired swarm intelligence and artificial intelligence algorithms	23
Multiple data-driven approaches for estimating daily streamflow in the Kone River basin, Vietnam	23
Correction to: Land use and land cover classification using machine learning algorithms in google earth engine	23
A change type determination method based on knowledge of spectral changes in land cover types	23
Evaluation of TerraClimate gridded data across diverse climates in Iran	22
Assessing the shear strength of sandy soil reinforced with polyethylene-terephthalate: an AI-based approach	22
Correction: Enhanced hyperspectral image classification with optimized band selection and Resnext maxout network	22
PCA-VGG16 model for classification of rock types	22
Accuracy enhancement in land subsidence prediction using lightgbm and metaheuristic optimization	22
Recognition of rock formation while drilling based on optimized machine learning algorithms	22
Remote sensing image enhancement and water eutrophication prediction based on atmospheric-water multimodal information fusion	22
Regularization in machine learning models for MVT Pb-Zn prospectivity mapping: applying lasso and elastic-net algorithms	22
Flash flood susceptibility modeling using optimized deep learning method in the Uttarakhand Himalayas	22
Spatiotemporal investigation of scaling properties of precipitation using high resolution data	22
Assessment of frost heave in coarse-grained soil: a novel application of multi-strategy enhanced dung beetle-optimized KELM model	22
Improving the spatial prediction of topsoil properties in a typical grazing area using multi-season PlanetScope spectral covariates and data mining techniques	21
Research on urban 3D geological modeling based on multi-modal data fusion: a case study in Jinan, China	21
Unsupervised chemofacies classification from core HHXRF data in the Ohio Trenton–Utica succession: a reproducible multivariate workflow	21
Advancing multi-pollutant air quality forecasting using Transformer-based Informer architecture	21
Modelling of GNSS station position time series using deep learning approaches	21
A hybrid wind speed forecasting model with two-stage data processing based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems and deep learning algorithms	21
Seismic facies analysis using machine learning techniques: a review and case study	21
Comparative analysis of deep learning architectures for multi-class mineral classification: a study using EfficientNet and ResNet models	21
Satellite image classification using deep learning approach	21
Modelling bedload transport in sand-bed channels under seepage conditions using hybrid ML and DL algorithms	20
Estimation of regional-scale near real time reference evapotranspiration using remote sensing and weather data to improve agriculture advisory	20
Predicting urban tomorrow: CA-Markov modeling and district evolution	20
Comparison of LSTM and SVM methods through wavelet decomposition in drought forecasting	20
Design and evaluation of a cloud-oriented procedure based on SAR and Multispectral data to detect burnt areas	20
Assessment of forest cover dynamics for the detection of deforestation in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region using geospatial and machine learning approaches	20
Prediction of the petroliferous area in WZ6-1 structure of Beibu Gulf Basin in the South China Sea based on PCA-SOM model	19
Scientific machine learning in hydrology: a unified perspective	19
Geomorphological evolution of small watershed on the Chinese Loess Plateau based on slope shape spectra	19
High-efficiency method for 3D visualization of marine environmental information	19
Real-time flash flood detection employing the YOLOv8 model	19
Soft computing approaches for predicting boron contamination in arid sandstone groundwater	19
Typical lake area is accurately predicted and assessed based on deep learning algorithms and associated physical mechanisms	19
Enhanced mineral targeting by using artificial intelligence-based modelling: remotely sensed and geochemical data for harnessing Co-Cr-Ni, and cupriferous mineral prospectivity mapping in Bou Azzer in	19
Modelling radium equivalent activity from 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K series of recycled waste materials: Analytical and artificial intelligence approaches	19
Digital mapping of coastal landscapes integrating ocean-environment relationships and machine learning	18
Correction to: Seasonal assessment of cross-shore morphodynamic behaviour of wave-dominated beaches using data-driven analysis	18
A hybrid key agreement scheme utilized elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman for IoT based advanced metering environment	18
U-TWGAN: Underwater image enhancement via wavelet-transformer and sparse multilayer perceptrons generative adversarial network	18
Ensemble machine learning model for exploration and targeting of Pb-Zn deposits in Algeria	18
Assessment of rainfall and climate change patterns via machine learning tools and impact on forecasting in the City of Kigali	18
Ultra-short-term photovoltaic power prediction based on modal reconstruction and BiLSTM-CNN-Attention model	18
Geoid modeling with least squares modification of Hotine’s integral using gravity disturbances in Turkey	18
Exploring challenges in deep learning of single-station ground motion records	18
A point and interval forecasting of solar irradiance using different decomposition based hybrid models	18
K-Means Featurizer: A booster for intricate datasets	18
A self-adaptable Manta ray optimized Gabor filter for satellite image enhancement	18
Exploring hybrid models for forecasting $$CO_2$$ emissions in drought-prone Somalia: a comparative analysis	18
Coastal vulnerability assessment in Norway: a geoinformation-based approach	18
Integration Sentinel-1 SAR data and machine learning for land subsidence in-depth analysis in the North Coast of Central Java, Indonesia	18
Robust geometric estimation of the plate-fixed velocities from PPP solutions	18
Influence of the weathered layer on the dynamic response characteristics and failure patterns of rock slopes	18
Long-term shoreline dynamics of South Kerala Coast using satellite images	17
Martian Swiss Cheese detection and volume estimation using shape from shading in very high-resolution imagery	17
Empirical correlations between uniaxial compressive strength and density on the basis of lithology: implications from statistical and machine learning assessments	17
Mapping wildfire susceptibility in the tropical region of Brunei: a machine learning and explainable AI approach using google earth engine with remote sensing data	17
Analysis and modelling of gas relative permeability in reservoir by hybrid KELM methods	17
Coastal vulnerability assessment using the machine learning tree-based algorithms modeling in the north coast of Java, Indonesia	17
Adaptive water delineation algorithms for L- and C-band SAR imagery: a comparative analysis	17
A Tri-Training method for lithofacies identification under scarce labeled logging data	17
Performance of various gridded precipitation and temperature products against gauged observations over Turkey	17
Incremental learning-random forest model-based landslide susceptibility analysis: A case of Ganzhou City, China	17
Selecting the best backbone model: A comprehensive evaluation of deep learning models for satellite image-based land cover classification	17
Exploitation of the ensemble-based machine learning strategies to elevate the precision of CORDEX regional simulations in precipitation projection	17
Tools for packaging static webpages for the development of Multiscale Geo-structural Information Systems (MGS) using Python and open-source software	17
Spatiotemporal prediction of grassland net primary productivity using deep learning models integrating temporal decomposition and spatial clustering: a case study in source region of the Yellow River,	17
Climatic variables impact on inland lakes water levels and area fluctuations in an arid/semi-arid region of Iran, Iraq, and Turkey based on the remote sensing data	17
Routing land use changes using the landscape ecology approach in Isfahan city, central Iran	17
MSTC: a unified encoding method for geophysical big data retrieval	17
Object-based image analysis for extracting regional slope units and its application	16

Drought assessment in the northeastern Aras Basin using multi-parameter aggregate drought index and innovative polygon trend analysis	16
Estimation of the elastic modulus of basaltic rocks using machine learning methods	16
A fidelity evaluation model for watermarked vector maps based on improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and random forest	16
Best worst method-based mineral prospectivity modeling over the Central part of the Southern Kibi-Winneba Belt of Ghana	16
Geostatistical and multivariate analysis of phosphate evolution and its relationship with heavy metals in shallow groundwater in a Semi-Arid Basin	16
DNA dynamic coding-based encryption algorithm for vector map considering global objects	16
Predicting seawater intrusion wedge length in coastal aquifers using hybrid gradient boosting techniques	16
Short-term prediction of wave height based on a deep learning autoregressive integrated moving average model	16
Performance evaluation of dimensionality reduction techniques on hyperspectral data for mineral exploration	16
Influence of different tectonic settings on fracture formation and fluid flow around upper-crustal magmatic intrusion: insights from numerical modelling	16
Domain-informed multi-step wind speed forecasting: evaluating extreme wind conditions and seasonal variations	16
Improvement of deep learning Method for water body segmentation of remote sensing images based on attention modules	16
Understanding the role of training sample size in the uncertainty of high-resolution LULC mapping using random forest	16
Implementation of the BIRCH algorithm to construct a data-adaptive network design for regional gravity field modeling via SRBF	16
Assessing the impacts of catastrophic 2020 wildfires in the Brazilian Pantanal using MODIS data and Google Earth Engine: A case study in the world’s largest sanctuary for Jaguars	16
Ultra-short-term wind speed hybrid forecasting model based on maximal information coefficient-optimized TVF-EMD and resTKAN	16
Multi-objective optimal allocation of water resources based on improved marine predator algorithm and entropy weighting method	16
A new benchmark for spatiotemporal fusion of Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3 OLCI images	15
A comparative study of the XGBoost ensemble learning and multilayer perceptron in mineral prospectivity modeling: a case study of the Torud-Chahshirin belt, NE Iran	15
IDDS: a software to download IGETS data	15
An enhanced discovery of multiple natural disasters using machine learning model	15
Determination of the performance of training algorithms and activation functions in meteorological drought index prediction with nonlinear autoregressive neural network	15
Correction: Improving the modeling of bathymetry in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea using data assimilation of geodetic observation data	15
Identification of The Survey Points from Network RTK Trajectory with Improved DBSCAN Clustering, Case Study on HNCORS	15
Machine learning algorithms for building height estimations using ICESat-2/ATLAS and Airborne LiDAR data	15
New approach to reduce the uncertainty level of the shear wave velocity prediction by utilizing ensemble model: A case study from Sirt Basin, Libya	15
Landsat 8 and ASTER remote sensing data for ore prospecting in the postmasburg manganese ore field, South Africa	15
Spatial-temporal Assessment of Environmental Law violation patterns in permanent preservation Areas from Southern of Minas Gerais State, Brazil	15
Research on prediction method of reservoir key parameters using deep network architecture based on cross feature fusion with optimization mechanism	15
Dual-color space color correction and histogram segmentation optimized strategy for underwater image enhancement	15
MEHGNet: a multi-feature extraction and high-resolution generative network for satellite cloud image sequence prediction	15
Correction: Assessment of future groundwater level using modflow code under different managerial scenarios in the Serres river basin, Greece	15
Enhanced error correction and spatial downscaling of precipitation and air temperature in the middle and low reaches of the Yangtze River using a random forest model with the Sokol method	15
Forecasting future scenarios of coastline changes in Türkiye's Seyhan Basin: a comparative analysis of statistical methods and Kalman Filtering (2033–2043)	15
Seismic-induced landslides susceptibility mapping of the NEOM area, northwestern Saudi Arabia using machine learning models	15
AI-driven reinforced optimal cloud resource allocation (ROCRA) for high-speed satellite imagery data processing	15
Geolocation bias correction for CARTOSAT-1 stereo images through virtual ground control points generation over mountainous areas	15
Mapping mining waste and identification of acid mine drainage within an active mining area through sub-pixel analysis on OLI and Sentinel-2	15
Investigation into the feature extraction module and lightweight network for rock image analysis	15
Enhancement of underwater images using novel Markov-patch based conditional generative adversarial network	15
A novel TCN-augmented CNN-LSTM architecture for accurate monthly runoff forecasting	14
Assessment of ecological restoration effectiveness and quantitative analysis of multiple driving forces in high groundwater-level coal mining subsidence areas of the main Urban District	14
Enhancing monthly runoff prediction: a data-driven framework integrating variational mode decomposition, enhanced artificial rabbit optimization, support vector regression, and error correction	14
A novel feature fusion-based stratum image recognition method for drilling rig	14
Mapping and analysing framework for extreme precipitation-induced flooding	14
KG-Unet: a knowledge-guided deep learning approach for seismic facies segmentation	14
Revealing hidden risks: advanced assessment of urban land subsidence	14
Prediction of petrophysical static rock type through nonlinear dimensionality reduction and mutual information	14
Monitoring vegetation dynamics across land use types in Iran: spatiotemporal relationships with soil temperature and water volume	14
Engineering Applications of Urban Green Space Planning in Mountainous Areas: An Improved Structure-based RS Land Class Information Extraction Method for U-Net Networks	14
DBA-YOLO: A Lightweight Fire DetectionAlgorithm with Structural Reparameterized Multiple Attention Mechanisms	14
Investigating the usefulness of satellite-retrieved land surface temperature (LST) in pre- and post-fire spatial analysis	14
Deep learning-driven rainfall prediction leveraging hybrid child drawing development optimization and time series data	14
Urban building function classification based on multisource geospatial data: a two-stage method combining unsupervised and supervised algorithms	14
Performance analysis of open-source DEMs in tsunami inundation modelling	14
Spatio-temporal variations in characteristics of terrestrial water storage and associated drought over different geographic regions of Türkiye	14
Carbonate lithofacies classification in optical microscopy: a data-centric approach using augmentation and GAN synthetic images	14
A novel reasoning random forest imputation algorithm for recovering incomplete datasets in geological hazard prediction	14
Deep learning-based predictive models of land subsidence and collapsed pipes in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran	14
Prediction of the height of water-conducting fracture zone using the FA-ALO-SVR model	14
The use of convolutional neural networks to predict carbonate dissolution features in acoustic borehole images: an example from brazilian pre-salt reservoirs	14
Enhancing formation bulk density prediction while drilling using mud logging data and interpretable boosting machine learning	14
The geospatial modelling of vegetation carbon storage analysis in Google earth engine using machine learning techniques	14
Deep learning method for porphyry prospectivity modeling, Shahr-e-Babak area, Iran	14
Earthquake-induced building damage detection using the fusion of optical and radar data in intelligent systems	14
Detection of multivariate geochemical anomalies using machine learning (ML) algorithms in Dehaq Pb-Zn mineralization, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, Isfahan, Iran	14
APAS-TR: a MATLAB-based open-source software package for multi-GNSS precise point positioning and its performance in strong ionospheric conditions	14
Improving permeability prediction in carbonate reservoirs through gradient boosting hyperparameter tuning	14
Global monthly sea surface temperature forecasting using the SARIMA, LSTM, and GRU models	14
A novel deep learning approach based on automatic weighted average ensemble for accurate forest burn scar extraction in Indian tropical deciduous forest	14
Multi-scale spatiotemporal wind forecasting network in Southwest China	14
Post-seismic structural assessment: advanced crack detection through complex feature extraction using pre-trained deep learning and machine learning integration	13
Research on mine groundwater level prediction based on coupled model of improved grey wolf algorithm and Boussinesq equation	13
Building roof extraction from aerial imagery using resUNet- nonlocal attention block and seamless patch integration: a case study in Ahvaz, Iran	13
Constraint information extraction for 3D geological modelling using a span-based joint entity and relation extraction model	13
Spatiotemporal sediment yield variability in the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia	13
Statistical evaluation of multiple interpolation techniques for spatial mapping of highly variable geotechnical facets of soil in natural deposition	13
Analyzing rare earth mine distributions in mainland China: a machine learning approach with k-means clustering and SVM	13
A novel method for predicting wind speed using data decomposition-based reformer model	13
RDF-G*: An efficient RDF query answer engine based on graph model and star index	13
CEDG-GeoQA: Knowledge base question answering for the geoscience domain via Chinese entity description graph	13
Iterative geostatistical seismic inversion with adaptive local variogram models	13
Using fractal and multifractal methods to reveal geophysical anomalies in Sardouyeh District, Kerman, Iran	13
Construction of a predictive model of shovel productivity applying machine learning algorithms	13
DSSFT: Dual branch spectral-spatial feature fusion transformer network for hyperspectral image unmixing	13
An approach based on performer-attention-guided few-shot learning model for plant disease classification	13
Interpretable liquefaction prediction model based on stacking algorithm	13
Developing a dynamic/adaptive geofencing algorithm for HVTT cargo security in road transport	12
Metakaolin as a soil stabilizing admixture: A comprehensive analysis of California bearing ratio and consolidation behavior using experimental and machine learning approaches	12
Spatiotemporal deep learning fusion of radar, infrared, and geospatial data for typhoon rainfall estimation in Taiwan	12
Research on time series change point detection and influencing factors under machine learning: based on PM2.5 concentration data in Hefei city	12
Optimized modified single shot multibox detector with hybrid encryption algorithm for satellite image security and classification	12
Regularization of jagged polygon building outlines using improved RMBR algorithm	12
TL-iTransformer: Revolutionizing sea surface temperature prediction through iTransformer and transfer learning	12
AI powered road network prediction with fused low-resolution satellite imagery and GPS trajectory	12