International Review of the Red Cross

Article	Citations
Harnessing the potential of artificial intelligence for humanitarian action: Opportunities and risks	12
The question of definition: Armed banditry in Nigeria's North-West in the context of international humanitarian law	11
Supporting value sensitivity in the humanitarian use of drones through an ethics assessment framework	7
The legal protection of persons living under the control of non-State armed groups	7
Politics and principles: The impact of counterterrorism measures and sanctions on principled humanitarian action	7
Screening of final beneficiaries – a red line in humanitarian operations. An emerging concern in development work	6
Counterterrorism, sanctions and financial access challenges: Course corrections to safeguard humanitarian action	6
Assessing the authority of the ICRC Customary IHL Study	5
Violence and repair: The practice and challenges of non-State armed groups engaging in reparations	5
Guilt by association: Restricting humanitarian assistance in the name of counterterrorism	5
The importance of food systems in a climate crisis for peace and security in the Sahel	5
Terrorist offences and international humanitarian law: The armed conflict exclusion clause	5
The impact of attacks on urban services II: Reverberating effects of damage to water and wastewater systems on infectious disease	5
Unfolding the case of returnees: How the European Union and its member States are addressing the return of foreign fighters and their families	5
“How did they die?”: Bridging humanitarian and criminal-justice objectives in forensic science to advance the rights of families of the missing under international humanitarian law	4
Biometric data flows and unintended consequences of counterterrorism	4
Can criminal organizations be non-State parties to armed conflict?	4
The Sahel: Challenges and opportunities	4
Foreign fighters and the tension between counterterrorism and international humanitarian law: A case for cumulative prosecution where possible	4
What is IHL history now?	4
From conflict to complementarity: Reconciling international counterterrorism law and international humanitarian law	4
The SolarWinds hack: Lessons for international humanitarian organizations	4
At risk and overlooked: Children with disabilities and armed conflict	4
Engaging armed groups at the International Committee of the Red Cross: Challenges, opportunities and COVID-19	4
International humanitarian law, principled humanitarian action, counterterrorism and sanctions: Some perspectives on selected issues	4

The crisis in international law and the path forward for international humanitarian law	4
Detonating the air: The legality of the use of thermobaric weapons under international humanitarian law	3
How will international humanitarian law develop in the future?	3
The International Court of Justice and the development of international humanitarian law	3
Stripping foreign fighters of their citizenship: International human rights and humanitarian law considerations	3
Protected zones in context: Exploring the complexity of armed conflicts and their impacts on the protection of biodiversity	3
Cultural evolution: Protecting “digital cultural property” in armed conflict	3
Beyond the state of play: Establishing a duty of non-State armed groups to provide reparations	3
A new understanding of disability in international humanitarian law: Reinterpretation of Article 30 of Geneva Convention III	3
Accounting for disability in international humanitarian law	3
Organized Crime in Armed Conflicts and Other Situations of Violence	2
State responsibility for community defence groups gone rogue	2
IHL in the era of climate change: The application of the UN climate change regime to belligerent occupations	2
Opening Pandora's box: The case of Mexico and the threshold of non-international armed conflicts	2
The public policy of sanctions compliance: A need for collective and coordinated international action	2
Charting Hinduism's rules of armed conflict: Indian sacred texts and international humanitarian law	2
Will the centre hold? Countering the erosion of the principle of distinction on the digital battlefield	2
Persons with Disabilities in Armed Conflicts: From Invisibility to Visibility	2
Challenges to implementation of humanitarian access norms in the Sahel	2
The view of the past in international humanitarian law (1860–2020)	2
The regulation of crimes against water in armed conflicts and other situations of violence	2
Criminalizing reprisals against the natural environment	2
How international humanitarian law develops	2
The legal limits to the destruction of natural resources in non-international armed conflicts: Applying international humanitarian law	2
No context is too challenging: Promoting, doing and achieving inclusion in the humanitarian response in South Sudan	2
Why communities hosting internally displaced persons in the Sahel need stronger and more effective legal protection	2
Animals in war: At the vanishing point of international humanitarian law	2
International humanitarian law-making and new military technologies	2
Religion and international humanitarian law	2
Is wearing these sunglasses an attack? Obligations under IHL related to anti-AI countermeasures	2
Counterterrorism policies in the Middle East and North Africa: A regional perspective	1
Another brick in the wall: Climate change (in)adaptation under the law of belligerent occupation	1
Can stakeholder dialogues help solve financial access restrictions faced by non-profit organizations that stem from countering terrorism financing standards and international sanctions?	1
Advancing towards inclusive peace and security: Persons with disabilities and Security Council Resolution 2475	1
The impacts of human rights law on the regulation of armed conflict: A coherency-based approach to dealing with both the “interpretation” and “application” processes	1
Advancing rights and inclusion of persons with disabilities in humanitarian action: a donor perspective	1
The protection of women and girls with disabilities in armed conflict: Adopting a gender-, age- and disability-inclusive approach to select IHL provisions	1
The ICRC's legal and policy position on nuclear weapons	1
To respect and ensure respect for IHL: Interview with representatives of the French Ministry for the Armed Forces and Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs	1
The well-trodden path of national international humanitarian law committees	1
Harvesting vulnerability: The challenges of organ trafficking in armed conflict	1
Armed groups, IHL and the invisible world: How spiritual beliefs shape warfare	1
Voices of resilience: The perspective of persons with disabilities in armed conflict	1
Reparation for victims of serious violations of international humanitarian law: New developments	1
Exclusive humanitarianism: Policy recommendations for genuine inclusion of persons with disabilities in humanitarian action	1
Rethinking direct participation in hostilities and continuous combat function in light of targeting members of terrorist non-State armed groups	1
Leveraging emerging technologies to enable environmental monitoring and accountability in conflict zones	1
Going for a test drive? Some observations on the turn to informality in the laws of armed conflict	1
Re-evaluating international humanitarian law in a triple planetary crisis: New challenges, new tools	1
Whose risk? Bank de-risking and the politics of interpretation and vulnerability in the Middle East and North Africa	1

“For private or personal use”: The meaning of the special intent requirement in the war crime of pillage under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court	1
Humanitarianism and affect-based education: Emotional experiences at the Jean-Pictet Competition	1
War in cities: Why the protection of the natural environment matters even when fighting in urban areas, and what can be done to ensure protection	1
Hacking international organizations: The role of privileges, immunities, good faith and the principle of State sovereignty	1
Inaccessible justice: The violation of Article 13 of the CRPD and the ICC's role in filling the accountability gap	1
Addressing the accountability void: War crimes against persons with disabilities	1
The Climate and Environment Charter for Humanitarian Organizations: Strengthening the humanitarian response to the climate and environment crises	1
Dreams of a Deafblind Person!	1
The risks of autonomous weapons: An analysis centred on the rights of persons with disabilities	1
The unilateralization of international humanitarian law	1
Better a war criminal or a terrorist? A comparative study of war crimes and counterterrorism legislation	1
Increasing the safeguarding of protected areas threatened by warfare through international environmental law	1
It's all relative: The origins, legal character and normative content of the humanitarian principles	1
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) position on autonomous weapon systems: ICRC position and background paper	1
Who is the civilian population? Ensuring IHL is implemented for the protection of the entirety of the civilian population – including persons with disabilities	1
The obligation to exercise “leniency” in penal and disciplinary measures against prisoners of war in light of the ICRC updated Commentary on the Third Geneva Convention	1
Interview with Gerard Quinn	1
Above the law: Drones, aerial vision and the law of armed conflict – a socio-technical approach	1
The protection of persons with disabilities in armed conflict: An empty shelf in an IHL-specialized library?	1
International environmental law as a means for enhancing the protection of the environment in warfare: A critical assessment of scholarly theoretical frameworks	1
From invisibility to positive legal protection: The drafting of Article 11 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities	1
Humanitarian bullets and man-killers: Revisiting the history of arms regulation in the late nineteenth century	1
International humanitarian law and the criminal justice response to terrorism: From the UN Security Council to the national courts	1
Climate-induced displacement in the Sahel: A question of classification	1
Theorizing empirical court research: The test case of the trial of Hissène Habré	1
Editorial	1
United Nations Disability Inclusion Strategy: A framework to accelerate transformative change for persons with disabilities in the peace and security pillar	1
Respecting international humanitarian law and safeguarding humanitarian action in counterterrorism measures: United Nations Security Council resolutions 2462 and 2482 point the way	1
ICRC Engagement with Non-State Armed Groups	1
Interview with H.E. Ambassador Vladimir Tarabrin	1
Is Rio de Janeiro preparing for war? Combating organized crime versus non-international armed conflict	1
Breaking the silence: Advocacy and accountability for attacks on hospitals in armed conflict	1
US military legal doctrine and the emerging wartime cyber environment	0
Negotiating with organized crime groups: Questions of law, policy and imagination	0
Interview with Nils Melzer	0
Changing the narrative: A Tool on African Traditions and the Preservation of Humanity during War	0
Provisional justice in protracted conflicts: The place of temporality in bridging the international humanitarian law and transitional justice divide	0
IRC volume 105 issue 923 Cover and Back matter	0
Advancing honour and dignity in death for victims of armed conflicts: Exploring the challenges and opportunities of AI and machine learning in humanitarian forensic action under IHL	0
The 1871 Mexican Criminal Code as the missing piece in the history of criminalizing violations of the laws of war	0
Whose war is it anyway? Proportionate reparations in wars of aggression	0
Bringing IHL Home: Guidelines on the National Implementation of International Humanitarian Law	0
IRC volume 102 issue 915 Cover and Front matter	0
Exploring Hindu ethics of warfare: The Purāṇas	0
Punishment and pardon: The use of international humanitarian law by the Special Jurisdiction for Peace in Colombia	0
Practice versus perception: A discussion of the humanitarian principle of independence in the context of migration	0
Protecting the global information space in times of armed conflict	0
Opportunities and failures to prosecute violence against persons with disabilities at the international tribunals for the former Yugoslavia, Rwanda and Sierra Leone	0
IRC volume 104 issue 920-921 Cover and Back matter	0
Counterterrorism and the risk of over-classification of situations of violence	0
The practice of the UN Security Council pertaining to the environment and armed conflict, 1945–2021	0
Interview with Itonde Kakoma	0
“Sticking together while standing one's own ground”: The meanings of solidarity in humanitarian action	0
Interview with His Excellency Mr Abdou Abarry	0
Normative architecture and applied international humanitarian law	0
Intersections in International Cultural Heritage Law Edited by Anne-Marie Carstens and Elizabeth Varner	0
Informal international law-making: A way around the deadlock of international humanitarian law?	0
Detention in the context of counterterrorism and armed conflict: Continuities and new challenges	0
Protecting the environment in armed conflict: Evaluating the US perspective	0
(Transnational) Organized crime and corruption in conflict settings: Interview with Ms Ghada Waly	0
Allies, Partners and Proxies: Managing Support Relationships in Armed Conflict to Reduce The Human Cost of War	0
IRC volume 103 issue 916-917 Cover and Front matter	0
Jus post bellum: Scope and assessment of the applicable legal framework	0
ICRC and International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement: Some recent documents on international humanitarian law and persons with disabilities	0
IRC volume 103 issue 916-917 Cover and Back matter	0
Time for “environmentarian corridors”? Investigating the concept of safe passage to protect the environment during armed conflict	0
Interview with Janez Lenarčič	0
IRC volume 105 issue 923 Cover and Front matter	0
IRC volume 105 issue 924 Cover and Back matter	0
“Si vis pacem, impera bellum”: The ICRC, international humanitarian law and peace	0
Gender, conflict and the environment: Surfacing connections in international humanitarian law	0
IRC volume 103 issue 918 Cover and Back matter	0
Interview with His Royal Highness Prince Mired bin Raad Zeid Al-Hussein of Jordan	0
Chair's Summary Report of State Expert Meeting on International Humanitarian Law: Protecting the Environment in Armed Conflicts	0
The right to water for internally displaced persons in the Sahel region	0
How is the term “armed conflict” defined in international humanitarian law?	0
A next-generation protective emblem: Cross-frequency protective options for non-combatants in the context of (fully) autonomous warfare	0
Navigating legal frontiers: Climate change, environmental protection and armed conflict	0
No longer the “forgotten victims of armed conflict”: Operational and legal considerations for accountability mechanisms regarding crimes affecting persons with disabilities	0
Hidden stories: Survivors of organized crime	0

From the Gilded Age to the Digital Age: The evolution of ICRC legal commentaries	0
Remedying the environmental impacts of war: Challenges and perspectives for full reparation	0
Interview with Fionnuala D. Ní Aoláin	0
ICRC report on Detention by Non-State Armed Groups: Obligations under International Humanitarian Law and Examples of How to Implement Them	0
Portraits of Women in International Law: New Names and Forgotten Faces? Edited by Immi Tallgren *	0
Establishing a practical test for the end of non-international armed conflict	0
The potential human cost of the use of weapons in outer space and the protection afforded by international humanitarian law	0
Of date palms and dialogue: Enhancing the protection of the natural environment under international humanitarian law and Islamic law	0
Taking economic and social rights earnestly: What does international human rights law offer persons with disabilities in situations of armed conflict?	0
Protecting disabled people during armed conflict in North Kivu: Challenges and perspectives	0
Towards common ground: Strategies for effective collaboration between the humanitarian and peacebuilding communities	0
On prisoners, family life and collective punishment: The Namnam case	0
“Safe zones”: A protective alternative to flight or a tool of refugee containment? Clarifying the international legal framework governing access to refugee protection against the backdrop of “safe zon	0
Pro patria mori: When States encourage civilian involvement in armed conflict	0
IRC volume 104 issue 919 Cover and Front matter	0
Protection of the Environment During Armed Conflict	0
The international responsibility of a belligerent State in the event of transboundary environmental damage	0
IRC volume 105 issue 922 Cover and Front matter	0
The power of asking “how” – a key to understanding the development of IHL?	0
Interview with Gilles de Kerchove	0
IRC volume 102 issue 915 Cover and Back matter	0
“The Spanish Henri Dunant” of the Institut de Droit International, Nicasio Landa (1830–1891)	0
Beyond retribution: Individual reparations for IHL violations as peace facilitators	0
Interview with Bakary Sambe	0
Can criminal organizations be non-State parties to armed conflict? – CORRIGENDUM	0
The humanitarian impact of armed violence on communities – the Americas perspective: Interview with Sophie Orr	0
“When you have to shoot, shoot!” Rethinking the right to life of combatants during armed conflicts	0
The obligation to prevent environmental harm in relation to armed conflict	0
“I'mpossible”: Some challenges of implementing international law in the area of humanitarian affairs for persons with disabilities	0
Interview with Peter Maurer	0
Sanctions, international humanitarian law and the humanitarian space in the Canadian perspective: An interview with Elissa Golberg	0
“A season in hell”: The Rwandan genocide and the ICRC's Fundamental Principles	0
Interview with Attaher Zacka Maïga	0
Mental health and the law: What else is needed for particularly vulnerable contexts facing armed conflict and development obstacles?	0
Interview with Franz Perrez	0
The updated ICRC Commentary on the Third Geneva Convention: A new tool to protect prisoners of war in the twenty-first century –CORRIGENDUM	0
IRC volume 103 issue 918 Cover and Front matter	0
Translating survivor-centredness into pedagogical approaches to training on sexual violence in conflict and emergency settings: A case study	0
Protecting Civilians against Digital Threats during Armed Conflict: Final report of the ICRC's Global Advisory Board	0
A possible legal framework for the exploitation of natural resources by non-State armed groups	0
Strengthening the medicolegal system: Fulfilling international law obligations during conflicts and disasters to prevent and resolve issues of humanitarian concern	0
Protection of persons with disabilities in armed conflict under international humanitarian law and Islamic law	0
Interview with Marja Lehto	0
Reparations for victims of terrorist acts in Sahel conflicts: The case of Niger	0
Militarization and privatization of security: From the War on Drugs to the fight against organized crime in Latin America	0
Symbiosis in violence: A case study from Sierra Leone of the international humanitarian law implications of parties to the conflict engaging in organized crime	0
Detention by Non-State Armed Groups under International Law By Ezequiel Heffes *	0
Lawyering Peace By Paul R. Williams *	0
The Bystander, the Good Samaritan and the Just in the Holocaust and international humanitarian law	0
Implementation of international humanitarian law: The work of Latin American international humanitarian law committees	0
Unveiling claims of discrimination based on nationality in the context of occupation under international humanitarian and human rights law	0
Conflict-related UN sanctions regimes and humanitarian action: A policy research overview	0
Some key documents on the ICRC's response to armed violence and more	0
Addressing environmental damages in contexts of armed conflict through transitional justice in Colombia	0
Additional Protocol II: Elevating the minimum threshold of intensity?	0
Civility, Barbarism, and the Evolution of International Humanitarian Law: Who Do the Laws of War Protect? Edited by Matt Killingsworth and Tim McCormack	0
Humanitarian principles and humanitarian disarmament: An operator's perspective	0
The ever-existing “crisis” of the law of naval warfare	0
The origins and influence of victim assistance: Contributions of the Mine Ban Treaty, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Convention on Cluster Munitions	0
The relationship between international humanitarian law and asset freeze obligations under United Nations sanctions	0
Executive Summary: Avoiding civilian harm from military cyber operations during armed conflicts	0
Article 12 of the Protocol on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Africa: A critical analysis	0
Decolonization, Self-Determination, and the Rise of Global Human Rights Politics Edited by A. Dirk Moses, Marco Duranti and Roland Burke *	0
Unilateral coercive measures, IHL and impartial humanitarian action: An interview with Alena Douhan	0
The 2022 Political Declaration on the Use of Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas: A tool for protecting the environment in armed conflict?	0
A US perspective on special operations and the law of armed conflict	0
De-dehumanization: Practicing humanity	0
Optional but not qualified: Neutrality, the UN Charter and humanitarian objectives	0
How international humanitarian law develops: Towards an ever-greater humanization? An interview with Theodor Meron	0
Lost in digital translation? The humanitarian principles in the digital age	0
The origins, causes and enduring significance of the Martens Clause: A view from Russia	0
TheInspector-General of the Australian Defence Force Afghanistan Inquiry Reportand the applicability of Additional Protocol II to intervening foreign forces	0
Humanitarian values in a counterterrorism era	0
Speech by Mirjana Spoljaric Egger, President of the International Committee of the Red Cross	0
The Rif War: A forgotten war?	0
The President on Trial: Prosecuting Hissène Habré Edited by Sharon Weill, Kim Thuy Seelinger and Kerstin Bree Carlson *	0
The role of National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in the development of international humanitarian law: Lessons learned and perspectives based on the Belgian Red Cross experience	0
Increasing visibility of persons with disabilities in armed conflict: Implications for interpreting and applying IHL	0
Counterterrorism, Sanctions and War	0
IRC volume 104 issue 919 Cover and Back matter	0
Translating impartiality into operations from a financial perspective: Uncertainties and solutions	0
How counterterrorism throws back wartime medical assistance and care to pre-Solferino times	0
The Rights to Privacy and Data Protection in Times of Armed Conflict Edited by Russell Buchan and Asaf Lubin	0
Seeking balance: The role of Article 6(5) of Additional Protocol II in balancing justice and peace in transitions from armed conflict to peace	0
Building the case for a social and behaviour change approach to prevent and respond to the recruitment and use of children by armed forces and armed groups	0
Interview with Yero Baldeh and Amel Hamza	0
Exploring foundational convergence between the Islamic law of armed conflict and modern international humanitarian law: Evidence from al-Shaybani's Siyar al-Kabir	0
IRC volume 105 issue 924 Cover and Front matter	0
Interview with Dr Gilles Yabi	0
Humanitarianism and the Quantification of Human Needs: Minimal Humanity By Joël Glasman *	0
Enhanced labour protection for prisoners of war	0
Amnesties as a means of encouraging transition and strengthening the application of IHL in Colombia: The case of the Special Jurisdiction for Peace	0
Redefining the neutral intermediary role: Balancing theoretical ideas with practical realities through the ICRC's experience in Yemen	0
Crime wars: Operational perspectives on criminal armed groups in Mexico and Brazil	0
IRC volume 105 issue 922 Cover and Back matter	0