Climate of the Past

Papers
(The median citation count of Climate of the Past is 3. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-02-01 to 2025-02-01.)
ArticleCitations
The warm winter paradox in the Pliocene northern high latitudes134
Stratigraphic templates for ice core records of the past 1.5 Myr67
Greenhouse gases modulate the strength of millennial-scale subtropical rainfall, consistent with future predictions58
Abrupt climate changes and the astronomical theory: are they related?47
Parallel between the isotopic composition of coccolith calcite and carbon levels across Termination II: developing a new paleo-CO2 probe39
Water level change of Lake Machang in eastern China over 1814–1902 CE32
Processes, spatial patterns, and impacts of the 1743 extreme-heat event in northern China: from the perspective of historical documents30
Terrestrial carbon isotope stratigraphy and mammal turnover during post-PETM hyperthermals in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA30
On the climatic influence of CO2 forcing in the Pliocene29
A past and present perspective on the European summer vapor pressure deficit29
Hydroclimatic anomalies detected by a sub-decadal diatom oxygen isotope record of the last 220 years from Lake Khamra, Siberia27
A global compilation of diatom silica oxygen isotope records from lake sediment – trends and implications for climate reconstruction26
The weather diaries of the Kirch family: Leipzig, Guben, and Berlin (1677–1774)25
Late Aptian paleoclimate reconstruction of the Brazilian equatorial margin: inferences from palynology24
Do phenomenological dynamical paleoclimate models have physical similarity with Nature? Seemingly, not all of them do23
Accumulation rates over the past 260 years archived in Elbrus ice core, Caucasus22
A transient coupled general circulation model (CGCM) simulation of the past 3 million years21
Modelling Mediterranean ocean biogeochemistry of the Last Glacial Maximum21
Effects of weather and climate on fluctuations of grain prices in southwestern Bohemia, 1725–1824 CE20
The climate and vegetation of Europe, northern Africa, and the Middle East during the Last Glacial Maximum (21 000 yr BP) based on pollen data20
The Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation is responsible for the linkage of decadal changes in precipitation and moisture in arid central Asia and the humid Asian monsoon region during the last millennium20
Response of coastal California hydroclimate to the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum18
Rapid topographic growth of Diancang Shan, southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, since 5.0–3.5 Ma18
A pseudoproxy assessment of why climate field reconstruction methods perform the way they do in time and space17
Late Pleistocene glacial terminations accelerated by proglacial lakes17
Last-millennium volcanic forcing and climate response using SO2 emissions17
Diagnosing the controls on desert dust emissions through the Phanerozoic17
The unidentified eruption of 1809: a climatic cold case17
Model and proxy evidence for coordinated changes in the hydroclimate of distant regions over the Last Millennium17
Reconstructing atmospheric H2 over the past century from bi-polar firn air records17
Climatic impacts on mortality in pre-industrial Sweden16
Climatic variations during the Holocene inferred from radiocarbon and stable carbon isotopes in speleothems from a high-alpine cave16
On the tuning of plateaus in atmospheric and oceanic 14C records to derive calendar chronologies of deep-sea cores and records of 14C marine reservoir age changes16
A data–model approach to interpreting speleothem oxygen isotope records from monsoon regions16
The triple oxygen isotope composition of phytoliths, a new proxy of atmospheric relative humidity: controls of soil water isotope composition, temperature, CO2 concentration and relative 16
El Niño–Southern Oscillation signal in a new East Antarctic ice core, Mount Brown South16
Freshwater routing in eddy-permitting simulations of the last deglacial: the impact of realistic freshwater discharge16
Deglacial and Holocene sea-ice and climate dynamics in the Bransfield Strait, northern Antarctic Peninsula15
Reduced El Niño variability in the mid-Pliocene according to the PlioMIP2 ensemble15
Mid-Holocene climate at mid-latitudes: assessing the impact of Saharan greening15
Buoyancy forcing: a key driver of northern North Atlantic sea surface temperature variability across multiple timescales15
Aerosol uncertainties in tropical precipitation changes for the mid-Pliocene warm period15
Warming drove the expansion of marine anoxia in the equatorial Atlantic during the Cenomanian leading up to Oceanic Anoxic Event 215
Duration and ice thickness of a Late Holocene outlet glacier advance near Narsarsuaq, southern Greenland15
Continuous vegetation record of the Greater Cape Floristic Region (South Africa) covering the past 300 000 years (IODP U1479)15
Documentary evidence of urban droughts and their impact in the eastern Netherlands: the cases of Deventer and Zutphen, 1500–179515
Paleocene–Eocene age glendonites from the Mid-Norwegian Margin – indicators of cold snaps in the hothouse?14
Bayesian multi-proxy reconstruction of early Eocene latitudinal temperature gradients14
Summer surface air temperature proxies point to near-sea-ice-free conditions in the Arctic at 127 ka14
Changing sources and burial of organic carbon in the Chukchi Sea sediments with retreating sea ice over recent centuries14
Precipitation reconstructions for Paris based on the observations by Louis Morin, 1665–1713 CE14
Deglacial records of terrigenous organic matter accumulation off the Yukon and Amur rivers based on lignin phenols and long-chain n-alkanes13
Dynamics of the Great Oxidation Event from a 3D photochemical–climate model13
Can we reliably reconstruct the mid-Pliocene Warm Period with sparse data and uncertain models?13
Modelling feedbacks between the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and climate during the last glacial cycle13
Holocene climate and oceanography of the coastal Western United States and California Current System13
State-dependent impact of major volcanic eruptions observed in ice-core records of the last glacial period13
The weather diary of Georg Christoph Eimmart for Nuremberg, 1695–170413
CHELSA-TraCE21k – high-resolution (1 km) downscaled transient temperature and precipitation data since the Last Glacial Maximum13
Contrasting responses of summer precipitation to orbital forcing in Japan and China over the past 450 kyr13
Humidity changes and possible forcing mechanisms over the last millennium in arid Central Asia12
Calendar effects on surface air temperature and precipitation based on model-ensemble equilibrium and transient simulations from PMIP4 and PACMEDY12
Glacial state of the global carbon cycle: time-slice simulations for the last glacial maximum with an Earth-system model12
Spring onset and seasonality patterns during the Late Glacial period in the eastern Baltic region12
Prospects for dendroanatomy in paleoclimatology – a case study on Picea engelmannii from the Canadian Rockies12
Using a process-based dendroclimatic proxy system model in a data assimilation framework: a test case in the Southern Hemisphere over the past centuries12
Insights into the Australian mid-Holocene climate using downscaled climate models12
Quantifying and reducing researcher subjectivity in the generation of climate indices from documentary sources12
Simulation of ash clouds after a Laacher See-type eruption12
Towards spatio-temporal comparison of simulated and reconstructed sea surface temperatures for the last deglaciation12
A novel conceptual model for Dansgaard–Oeschger event dynamics based on ice-core data11
Viticulture extension in response to global climate change drivers – lessons from the past and future projections11
Extreme springs in Switzerland since 1763 in climate and phenological indices11
Carbonyl sulfide measurements from a South Pole ice core and implications for atmospheric variability since the last glacial period10
New estimation of critical insolation–CO2 relationship for triggering glacial inception10
Sensitivity of Neoproterozoic snowball-Earth inceptions to continental configuration, orbital geometry, and volcanism10
Drought reconstruction since 1796 CE based on tree-ring widths in the upper Heilongjiang (Amur) River basin in Northeast Asia and its linkage to Pacific Ocean climate variability10
Hydrological change in southern Australia over 1750 years: a bivalve oxygen isotope record from the Coorong Lagoon10
The role of atmospheric CO2 in controlling sea surface temperature change during the Pliocene10
Can machine-learning algorithms improve upon classical palaeoenvironmental reconstruction models?10
Climate and ice sheet dynamics in Patagonia throughout marine isotope stages 2 and 310
Evolution of winter precipitation in the Nile river watershed since the last glacial10
Orbitally forced environmental changes during the accumulation of a Pliensbachian (Lower Jurassic) black shale in northern Iberia10
Synchronizing ice-core and U ∕ Th timescales in the Last Glacial Maximum using Hulu Cave 14C and new 10Be measurements from Greenland and Antarctica10
Rejuvenating the ocean: mean ocean radiocarbon, CO2 release, and radiocarbon budget closure across the last deglaciation10
Technical note: An improved methodology for calculating the Southern Annular Mode index to aid consistency between climate studies10
Miocene Antarctic Ice Sheet area adapts significantly faster than volume to CO2-induced climate change10
Air temperature changes in SW Greenland in the second half of the 18th century10
Reconstruction of drought and long-rain chronologies since the 17th century in central Japan using intra-annual tree-ring oxygen isotope ratios and documentary records10
Did the Bronze Age deforestation of Europe affect its climate? A regional climate model study using pollen-based land cover reconstructions10
Using data and models to infer climate and environmental changes during the Little Ice Age in tropical West Africa9
Precessional pacing of tropical ocean carbon export during the Late Cretaceous9
Spatial variability of marine-terminating ice sheet retreat in the Puget Lowland9
Methane, ethane, and propane production in Greenland ice core samples and a first isotopic characterization of excess methane9
Mechanisms of hydrological responses to volcanic eruptions in the Asian monsoon and westerlies-dominated subregions9
Effects of Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) sea surface temperature and sea ice extent on the isotope–temperature slope at polar ice core sites9
Frequency of large volcanic eruptions over the past 200 000 years9
Is it possible to estimate aerosol optical depth from historic colour paintings?9
Climatology of the Mount Brown South ice core site in East Antarctica: implications for the interpretation of a water isotope record9
Deglacial climate changes as forced by different ice sheet reconstructions9
Accurately calibrated X-ray fluorescence core scanning (XRF-CS) record of Ti ∕ Al reveals Early Pleistocene aridity and humidity variability over North Africa and its close relationship to low-latitud9
Reassessing long-standing meteorological records: an example using the national hottest day in Ireland9
The sensitivity of the Eocene–Oligocene Southern Ocean to the strength and position of wind stress9
Controls on Early Cretaceous South Atlantic Ocean circulation and carbon burial – a climate model–proxy synthesis9
Dynamic interaction between lakes, climate, and vegetation across northern Africa during the mid-Holocene9
The Laurentide Ice Sheet in southern New England and New York during and at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum: a cosmogenic-nuclide chronology9
A paleoprecipitation and paleotemperature reconstruction of the Last Interglacial in the southeastern Alps9
ClimeApp: data processing tool for monthly, global climate data from the ModE-RA palaeo-reanalysis, 1422 to 2008 CE8
Estimating biases during detection of leads and lags between climate elements across Dansgaard–Oeschger events8
Tracing North Atlantic volcanism and seaway connectivity across the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM)8
Millennial variability of terrigenous transport to the central–southern Peruvian margin during the last deglaciation (18–13 kyr BP)8
A sub-fossil coral Sr∕Ca record documents northward shifts of the Tropical Convergence Zone in the eastern Indian Ocean8
Leeuwin Current dynamics over the last 60 kyr – relation to Australian ecosystem and Southern Ocean change8
A continental reconstruction of hydroclimatic variability in South America during the past 2000 years8
The first firn core from Peter I Island – capturing climate variability across the Bellingshausen Sea8
Antarctic sea ice over the past 130 000 years – Part 1: a review of what proxy records tell us8
Reorganization of Atlantic Waters at sub-polar latitudes linked to deep-water overflow in both glacial and interglacial climate states8
A 334-year coral record of surface temperature and salinity variability in the greater Agulhas Current region8
The climate in Poland (central Europe) in the first half of the last millennium, revisited8
Millennial hydrological variability in the continental northern Neotropics during Marine Isotope Stages (MISs) 3–2 (59–15 cal ka BP) inferred from sediments of Lake Petén Itzá, Guatemala8
Evaluation of the distributions of hydroxylated glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) in Holocene Baltic Sea sediments for reconstruction of sea surface temperature: the effect of changi8
Investigating stable oxygen and carbon isotopic variability in speleothem records over the last millennium using multiple isotope-enabled climate models8
Variability in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma stable isotope ratios from isothermal conditions: implications for individual foraminifera analysis8
Northern Hemisphere atmospheric pattern enhancing Eastern Mediterranean Transient-type events during the past 1000 years7
Reconstructing past hydrology of eastern Canadian boreal catchments using clastic varved sediments and hydro-climatic modelling: 160 years of fluvial inflows7
A spectral approach to estimating the timescale-dependent uncertainty of paleoclimate records – Part 2: Application and interpretation7
Milankovitch, the father of paleoclimate modeling7
Documentary evidence of droughts in Sweden between the Middle Ages and ca. 1800 CE7
Evolution of continental temperature seasonality from the Eocene greenhouse to the Oligocene icehouse –a model–data comparison7
Co-evolution of the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem in the Holocene Baltic Sea7
Carbon accumulation rates of Holocene peatlands in central–eastern Europe document the driving role of human impact over the past 4000 years7
Climate reconstructions based on GDGT and pollen surface datasets from Mongolia and Baikal area: calibrations and applicability to extremely cold–dry environments over the Late Holocene7
A global climatology of the ocean surface during the Last Glacial Maximum mapped on a regular grid (GLOMAP)7
Impact of dust in PMIP-CMIP6 mid-Holocene simulations with the IPSL model7
Mid-Holocene monsoons in South and Southeast Asia: dynamically downscaled simulations and the influence of the Green Sahara7
Evaluation of lipid biomarkers as proxies for sea ice and ocean temperatures along the Antarctic continental margin7
Extending and understanding the South West Western Australian rainfall record using a snowfall reconstruction from Law Dome, East Antarctica7
Seasonal aridity in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool during the Late Glacial driven by El Niño-like conditions7
Holocene vegetation transitions and their climatic drivers in MPI-ESM1.27
Millennial variations in atmospheric CO2 during the early Holocene (11.7–7.4 ka)7
Atlantic hurricane response to Saharan greening and reduced dust emissions during the mid-Holocene7
Simulated stability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum7
Signals of Holocene climate transition amplified by anthropogenic land-use changes in the westerly–Indian monsoon realm7
Technical note: Characterising and comparing different palaeoclimates with dynamical systems theory7
Climate and ice sheet evolutions from the last glacial maximum to the pre-industrial period with an ice-sheet–climate coupled model7
Enhanced moisture delivery into Victoria Land, East Antarctica, during the early Last Interglacial: implications for West Antarctic Ice Sheet stability7
Long-term trends in diatom diversity and palaeoproductivity: a 16 000-year multidecadal record from Lake Baikal, southern Siberia7
crestr: an R package to perform probabilistic climate reconstructions from palaeoecological datasets7
Climate variability, heat distribution, and polar amplification in the warm unipolar “icehouse” of the Oligocene6
Reconstructing Holocene temperatures in time and space using paleoclimate data assimilation6
Last glacial inception trajectories for the Northern Hemisphere from coupled ice and climate modelling6
Missing sea level rise in southeastern Greenland during and since the Little Ice Age6
50-year seasonal variability in East African droughts and floods recorded in central Afar lake sediments (Ethiopia) and their connections with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation6
Distinct seasonal changes and precession forcing of surface and subsurface temperatures in the mid-latitudinal North Atlantic during the onset of the Late Pliocene6
Late Eocene to early Oligocene productivity events in the proto-Southern Ocean and correlation to climate change6
A High Arctic inner shelf–fjord system from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present: Bessel Fjord and southwest Dove Bugt, northeastern Greenland6
Upper-ocean temperature characteristics in the subantarctic southeastern Pacific based on biomarker reconstructions6
Stable isotope evidence for long-term stability of large-scale hydroclimate in the Neogene North American Great Plains6
Relative importance of the mechanisms triggering the Eurasian ice sheet deglaciation in the GRISLI2.0 ice sheet model6
The effect of uncertainties in natural forcing records on simulated temperature during the last millennium6
Droughts of the early 19th century (1790–1830) in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula: integration of historical and instrumental data for high-resolution reconstructions of extreme events6
Disentangling environmental drivers of subarctic dinocyst assemblage compositional change during the Holocene6
Preface: Advances in paleoclimate data synthesis and analysis of associated uncertainty: towards data–model integration to understand the climate6
Surface buoyancy control of millennial-scale variations in the Atlantic meridional ocean circulation6
Sub-millennial climate variability from high-resolution water isotopes in the EPICA Dome C ice core6
Shallow marine carbonates as recorders of orbitally induced past climate changes – example from the Oxfordian of the Swiss Jura Mountains6
A 258-year-long data set of temperature and precipitation fields for Switzerland since 17636
Climatic and tectonic controls on shallow-marine and freshwater diatomite deposition throughout the Palaeogene6
Amplified surface warming in the south-west Pacific during the mid-Pliocene (3.3–3.0 Ma) and future implications6
A Greenland-wide empirical reconstruction of paleo ice sheet retreat informed by ice extent markers: PaleoGrIS version 1.05
Pre-industrial temperature variability on the Swiss Plateau derived from the instrumental daily series of Bern and Zurich5
Contribution of lakes in sustaining the Sahara greening during the mid-Holocene5
Evaluating the 11-year solar cycle and short-term 10Be deposition events with novel excess water samples from the East Greenland Ice-core Project (EGRIP)5
Opinion: Distribute paleoscience information across the next Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports5
Causes of the weak emergent constraint on climate sensitivity at the Last Glacial Maximum5
A global inventory of quantitative documentary evidence related to climate since the 15th century5
Clumped isotope evidence for Early Jurassic extreme polar warmth and high climate sensitivity5
Expression of the “4.2 ka event” in the southern Rocky Mountains, USA5
Atmospheric CO2 estimates for the Miocene to Pleistocene based on foraminiferal δ11B at Ocean Drilling Program Sites 806 and 807 in the Western Equatorial Pacific5
Atlantic circulation changes across a stadial–interstadial transition5
Climate change detection and attribution using observed and simulated tree-ring width5
Quantifying the contribution of forcing and three prominent modes of variability to historical climate5
Early 20th century Southern Hemisphere cooling5
Glacial–interglacial seawater isotope change near the Chilean Margin as reflected by δ2H values of C37 alkenones5
A multi-ice-core, annual-layer-counted Greenland ice-core chronology for the last 3800 years: GICC215
Sea surface temperature evolution of the North Atlantic Ocean across the Eocene–Oligocene transition5
Climate variability and grain production in Scania, 1702–19115
Climatic, weather, and socio-economic conditions corresponding to the mid-17th-century eruption cluster5
No evidence for tephra in Greenland from the historic eruption of Vesuvius in 79 CE: implications for geochronology and paleoclimatology5
A 2000-year temperature reconstruction on the East Antarctic plateau from argon–nitrogen and water stable isotopes in the Aurora Basin North ice core5
The challenge of comparing pollen-based quantitative vegetation reconstructions with outputs from vegetation models – a European perspective5
Late Quaternary glacial maxima in southern Patagonia: insights from the Lago Argentino glacier lobe5
A novel explainable deep learning framework for reconstructing South Asian palaeomonsoons5
Unraveling the complexities of the Last Glacial Maximum climate: the role of individual boundary conditions and forcings5
Evaluation of statistical climate reconstruction methods based on pseudoproxy experiments using linear and machine-learning methods5
Impact of terrestrial biosphere on the atmospheric CO2 concentration across Termination V5
Improving temperature reconstructions from ice-core water-isotope records5
Marine carbon cycle response to a warmer Southern Ocean: the case of the last interglacial5
Evaluating seasonal sea-ice cover over the Southern Ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum5
Influence of the choice of insolation forcing on the results of a conceptual glacial cycle model5
Multi-proxy speleothem-based reconstruction of mid-MIS 3 climate in South Africa4
Impact of Southern Ocean surface conditions on deep ocean circulation during the LGM: a model analysis4
Could phenological records from Chinese poems of the Tang and Song dynasties (618–1279 CE) be reliable evidence of past climate changes?4
Five thousand years of fire history in the high North Atlantic region: natural variability and ancient human forcing4
The role of land cover in the climate of glacial Europe4
The 1921 European drought: impacts, reconstruction and drivers4
The PMIP4 Last Glacial Maximum experiments: preliminary results and comparison with the PMIP3 simulations4
Documentary-based climate reconstructions in the Czech Lands 1501–2020 CE and their European context4
Nutrient utilization and diatom productivity changes in the low-latitude south-eastern Atlantic over the past 70 ka: response to Southern Ocean leakage4
600 years of wine must quality and April to August temperatures in western Europe 1420–20194
The Indo–Pacific Pollen Database – a Neotoma constituent database4
Weathering trends in the Norian through geochemical and rock magnetic analyses from the Pignola–Abriola section (Lagonegro Basin, Italy)4
Impact of iron fertilisation on atmospheric CO2 during the last glaciation4
Quantifying Southern Annular Mode paleo-reconstruction skill in a model framework4
Dynamics of the Mediterranean droughts from 850 to 2099 CE in the Community Earth System Model4
Precise timing of MIS 7 substages from the Austrian Alps4
A new perspective on permafrost boundaries in France during the Last Glacial Maximum4
Dating of the GV7 East Antarctic ice core by high-resolution chemical records and focus on the accumulation rate variability in the last millennium4
A revised mid-Pliocene composite section centered on the M2 glacial event for ODP Site 8464
Building a long-time series for weather and extreme weather in the Straits Settlements: a multi-disciplinary approach to the archives of societies4
Exploring the mechanisms of Devonian oceanic anoxia: impact of ocean dynamics, palaeogeography, and orbital forcing4
BrGDGT-based seasonal paleotemperature reconstruction for the last 15 000 years from a shallow lake on the eastern Tibetan Plateau4
A Holocene history of climate, fire, landscape evolution, and human activity in northeastern Iceland4
Variations in the biological pump throughout the Miocene: evidence from organic carbon burial in Pacific Ocean sediments4
Distinguishing the combined vegetation and soil component of δ13C variation in speleothem records from subsequent degassing and prior calcite precipitation effects4
Controlling water infrastructure and codifying water knowledge: institutional responses to severe drought in Barcelona (1620–1650)4
How precipitation intermittency sets an optimal sampling distance for temperature reconstructions from Antarctic ice cores4
Unlocking weather observations from the Societas Meteorologica Palatina (1781–1792)4
Evolution of mean ocean temperature in Marine Isotope Stage 44
Stalagmite carbon isotopes suggest deglacial increase in soil respiration in western Europe driven by temperature change4
A 300 000-year record of cold-water coral mound build-up at the East Melilla Coral Province (SE Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean)4
Technical Note: Past and future warming – direct comparison on multi-century timescales4
Climatic signatures in early modern European grain harvest yields4
The Southern Ocean marine ice record of the early historical, circum-Antarctic voyages of Cook and Bellingshausen4
Patterns of centennial to millennial Holocene climate variation in the North American mid-latitudes4
A comparison of pre-millennium eruption (946 CE) and modern temperatures from tree rings in Changbai Mountain, Northeast Asia3
On the importance of moisture conveyor belts from the tropical eastern Pacific for wetter conditions in the Atacama Desert during the mid-Pliocene3
Sustainability of regional Antarctic ice sheets under late Eocene seasonal atmospheric conditions3
Earliest meteorological readings in San Fernando (Cádiz, Spain, 1799–1813)3
Local summer temperature changes over the past 440 ka revealed by the total air content in the Antarctic EPICA Dome C ice core3
The ST22 chronology for the Skytrain Ice Rise ice core – Part 2: An age model to the last interglacial and disturbed deep stratigraphy3
Lipid-biomarker-based sea surface temperature record offshore Tasmania over the last 23 million years3
An age scale for new climate records from Sherman Island, West Antarctica3
Could old tide gauges help estimate past atmospheric variability?3
Southern Ocean control on atmospheric CO2 changes across late Pliocene Marine Isotope Stage M23
Climatic and societal impacts in Scandinavia following the 536 and 540 CE volcanic double event3
Comparison of the green-to-desert Sahara transitions between the Holocene and the last interglacial3
South American Summer Monsoon variability over the last millennium in paleoclimate records and isotope-enabled climate models3
Astronomically paced climate and carbon cycle feedbacks in the lead-up to the Late Devonian Kellwasser Crisis3
Glacial–interglacial Circumpolar Deep Water temperatures during the last 800 000 years: estimates from a synthesis of bottom water temperature reconstructions3
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