Research Synthesis Methods

Article	Citations
Advice for improving the reproducibility of data extraction in meta‐analysis	382
A mapping exercise using automated techniques to develop a search strategy to identify systematic review tools	350
Lord’s Paradox and two network meta-analysis models	162
How to conduct an individual participant data meta-analysis in response to an emerging pathogen: Lessons learned from Zika and COVID-19	160
Meta‐analyses of partial correlations are biased: Detection and solutions	139
Facilitating open science practices for research syntheses: PreregRS guides preregistration	132
An investigation of the impact of using contrast- and arm-synthesis models for network meta-analysis	109
Accuracy of conversion formula for effect sizes: A Monte Carlo simulation	95
Reported methodological quality of medical systematic reviews: Development of an assessment tool (ReMarQ) and meta-research study	78
Assessment of key characteristics, methodology, and effect size measures used in meta‐analysis of human‐health‐related animal studies	71
Bayesian workflow for bias-adjustment model in meta-analysis	62
Towards the automatic risk of bias assessment on randomized controlled trials: A comparison of RobotReviewer and humans	60
What are the best methods for rapid reviews of the research evidence? A systematic review of reviews and primary studies	52
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Synthesis of depression outcomes reported on different scales: A comparison of methods for modelling mean differences	39
Capturing causal claims: A fine-tuned text mining model for extracting causal sentences from social science papers	38
Authors’ reply: Continuity corrections with Mantel–Haenszel estimators in Cochrane reviews	38
Network meta analysis to predict the efficacy of an approved treatment in a new indication	37
Exploring graphical approaches to assess the impact of an additional trial on a decision model via updated meta-analysis	33
Bias propagation in network meta‐analysis models	31
Correct standard errors can bias meta‐analysis	30
Exploring the methodological quality and risk of bias in 200 systematic reviews: A comparative study of ROBIS and AMSTAR-2 tools	28
CausalMetaR: An R package for performing causally interpretable meta-analyses	28
Estimands and their implications for evidence synthesis for oncology: A simulation study of treatment switching in meta-analysis	27

Fast‐and‐frugal decision tree for the rapid critical appraisal of systematic reviews	26
Evaluation of semi-automated record screening methods for systematic reviews of prognosis studies and intervention studies	26
A comprehensive systematic review dataset is a rich resource for training and evaluation of AI systems for title and abstract screening	25
Retrieving Cochrane reviews is sometimes challenging and their reporting is not always optimal	25
Incorporating the possibility of cure into network meta-analyses: A case study from resected Stage III/IV melanoma	22
Data extraction for evidence synthesis using a large language model: A proof‐of‐concept study	22
Regarding approaches to simulating random‐effects	21
Calculating the power of a planned individual participant data meta‐analysis to examine prognostic factor effects for a binary outcome	21
Sensitivity analysis for reporting bias on the time-dependent summary receiver operating characteristics curve in meta-analysis of prognosis studies with time-to-event outcomes	20
How to plan and manage an individual participant data meta‐analysis. An illustrative toolkit	20
Graphical tools for visualizing the results of network meta‐analysis of multicomponent interventions	20
Issue Information	20
Issue Information	20
Bayesian Federated Inference for regression models based on non-shared medical center data	20
Selecting a specialized education database for literature reviews and evidence synthesis projects	20
Missingness mechanism messiness in meta‐analysis: A response to “The importance of plausible data‐generating mechanisms in simulation studies”	19
Critical appraisal tools used in systematic reviews of in vitro cell culture studies: A methodological study	19
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Six ways to handle dependent effect sizes in meta-analytic structural equation modeling: Is there a gold standard?	19
Inclusive critical appraisal of qualitative and quantitative findings in evidence synthesis	17
Evaluation of statistical methods used to meta‐analyse results from interrupted time series studies: A simulation study	17
Validation of large language models (Llama 3 and ChatGPT-4o mini) for title and abstract screening in biomedical systematic reviews	16
Double arcsine transform not appropriate for meta‐analysis	16
Combining search filters for randomized controlled trials with the Cochrane RCT Classifier in Covidence: a methodological validation study	16
Population adjusted‐indirect comparisons in health technology assessment: A methodological systematic review	15
Impact of trial attrition rates on treatment effect estimates in chronic inflammatory diseases: A meta‐epidemiological study	15
Using qualitative comparative analysis as a mixed methods synthesis in systematic mixed studies reviews: Guidance and a worked example	14
Twenty years of network meta‐analysis: Continuing controversies and recent developments	13
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RIMeta: An R shiny tool for estimating the reference interval from a meta‐analysis	12
A practical guide to evaluating sensitivity of literature search strings for systematic reviews using relative recall	12
Causally interpretable meta‐analysis: Clearly defined causal effects and two case studies	12
A semiparametric approach for meta‐analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies with multiple cut‐offs	12
Parametric G‐computation for compatible indirect treatment comparisons with limited individual patient data	12
Issue Information	11
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Appropriateness of conducting and reporting random‐effects meta‐analysis in oncology	11
Pitfalls in choosing data examples for methodological work: Bayesian approaches to a fixed effects meta‐analysis of zinc lozenges for the common cold	11
Crowdsourcing the identification of studies for COVID‐19‐related Cochrane Rapid Reviews	11
Development of a search filter to retrieve reports of interrupted time series studies from MEDLINE and PubMed	10
Reduce, reuse, recycle: Introducing MetaPipeX, a framework for analyses of multi‐lab data	10
A re‐analysis of about 60,000 sparse data meta‐analyses suggests that using an adequate method for pooling matters	10
Tipping point analysis in network meta-analysis	10
Issue Information	10
An evaluation of the performance of stopping rules in AI‐aided screening for psychological meta‐analytical research	9
Continuity corrections with Mantel–Haenszel estimators in Cochrane reviews	9
Commercial funding and estimated intervention effects in randomized clinical trials: Systematic review of meta‐epidemiological studies	9
Using systems perspectives in evidence synthesis: A methodological mapping review	9
Estimating interactions and subgroup‐specific treatment effects in meta‐analysis without aggregation bias: A within‐trial framework	8
Rare events meta‐analysis using the Bayesian beta‐binomial model	8

Accuracy and precision of fixed and random effects in meta‐analyses of randomized control trials for continuous outcomes	8
Methodological considerations for novel approaches to covariate‐adjusted indirect treatment comparisons	8
A novel robust meta-analysis model using the t distribution for outlier accommodation and detection	8
StudyTypeTeller—Large language models to automatically classify research study types for systematic reviews	8
Exploring methodological approaches used in network meta‐analysis of psychological interventions: A scoping review	8
Meta‐analyses of phase I dose‐finding studies: Application for the development of protein kinase inhibitors in oncology	8
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Network meta‐analysis: Looping back	8
Methods for using Bing's AI‐powered search engine for data extraction for a systematic review	8
Searchsmart.org: Guiding researchers to the best databases and search systems for systematic reviews and beyond	8
How should we handle predatory journals in evidence synthesis? A descriptive survey‐based cross‐sectional study of evidence synthesis experts	8
Assessing risk of bias of cohort studies with large language models	8
Issue Information	8
Combining meta‐analysis with multiple imputation for one‐step, privacy‐protecting estimation of causal treatment effects in multi‐site studies	8
Adjusting for misclassification of an exposure in an individual participant data meta‐analysis	8
Sample size calculation for clinical trials analyzed with the meta‐analytic‐predictive approach	7
A critical reflection on computing the sampling variance of the partial correlation coefficient	7
Issue Information	7
Treatment recommendations based on network meta-analysis: Rules for risk-averse decision-makers	7
Network meta-analysis made simple: A composite likelihood approach	7
Machine learning for identifying randomised controlled trials when conducting systematic reviews: Development and evaluation of its impact on practice	7
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Graphical Representation of Overlap for OVErviews: GROOVE tool	7
Consensus on the definition and assessment of external validity of randomized controlled trials: A Delphi study	7
Two decades of network meta‐analysis: Roadmap to their applications and challenges	6
Citationchaser: A tool for transparent and efficient forward and backward citation chasing in systematic searching	6
When conducting a systematic review, can one trade search efficiency for potential publication bias?	6
Meta‐analysis of dichotomous and ordinal tests with an imperfect gold standard	6
Bayes factor hypothesis testing in meta-analyses: Practical advantages and methodological considerations	6
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Assessment of temporal instability in the applied ecology and conservation evidence base	6
Development and validation of a geographic search filter for MEDLINE (PubMed) to identify studies about Germany	6
Robust variance estimation in small meta‐analysis with the standardized mean difference	6
On the bias of complete‐ and shifting‐case meta‐regressions with missing covariates	6
Issue Information	6
The importance of plausible data‐generating mechanisms in simulation studies: A response to ‘Comparing methods for handling missing covariates in meta‐regression’ by Lee and Beretvas (doi: 10.1002/jrs	6
Scoping review search practices in the social sciences: A scoping review	6
metamedian: An R package for meta‐analyzing studies reporting medians	6
ccaR: A package for assessing primary study overlap across systematic reviews in overviews	6
Calculating the power of a planned individual participant data meta‐analysis of randomised trials to examine a treatment‐covariate interaction with a time‐to‐event outcome	5
Evolving use of the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool in biomedical systematic reviews	5
Footprint of publication selection bias on meta‐analyses in medicine, environmental sciences, psychology, and economics	5
Visualization toolkits for enriching meta-analyses through evidence maps, bibliometrics, and alternative impact metrics	5
Shiny-MAGEC: A Bayesian R shiny application for meta-analysis of censored adverse events	5
A tutorial on aggregating evidence from conceptual replication studies using the product Bayes factor	5
Correction to “Network Meta‐Interpolation: Effect modification adjustment in network meta‐analysis using subgroup analyses”	5
Avoiding common mistakes in meta‐analysis: Understanding the distinct roles of Q, I‐squared, tau‐squared, and the prediction interval in reporting heterogeneity	5
Ten practices for successful study coding in research syntheses: Developing coding manuals and coding forms	5
The hazards of using hazard ratios from proportional hazard models in indirect treatment comparisons	5
Advancing unanchored simulated treatment comparisons: A novel implementation and simulation study	5
Making sense of conducting a critical interpretive synthesis: A scoping review	5
Improved methods to construct prediction intervals for network meta‐analysis	5
Developing prediction models when there are systematically missing predictors in individual patient data meta‐analysis	4
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A comprehensive review and shiny application on the matching‐adjusted indirect comparison	4
Two‐stage or not two‐stage? That is the question for IPD meta‐analysis projects	4
Comparing methods for handling missing covariates in meta‐regression	4
Strategizing AI utilization for psychological literature screening: A comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms and key factors to consider	4
Meta-analysis with Jeffreys priors: Empirical frequentist properties	4
Methods of multi-indication meta-analysis for health technology assessment: A simulation study	4
Meta‐analysis of prevalence: I2 statistic and how to deal with heterogeneity	4
‘Twenty years of network meta‐analysis: Continuing controversies and recent developments’: A health technology assessment perspective	4
Evaluation of the interim Cochrane rapid review methods guidance—A mixed‐methods study on the understanding of and adherence to the guidance	4
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Uncertain about uncertainty in matching‐adjusted indirect comparisons? A simulation study to compare methods for variance estimation	4
Response to Hemilä and Chalker's “Pitfalls in choosing data examples for methodological work: Bayesian approaches to a fixed effects meta‐analysis of zinc lozenges for the common cold”	4
A framework to characterise the reproducibility of meta‐analysis results with its application to direct oral anticoagulants in the acute treatment of venous thromboembolism	4
Combining estimators in interlaboratory studies and meta‐analyses	4
Bayesian random‐effects meta‐analysis with empirical heterogeneity priors for application in health technology assessment with very few studies	3
metaConvert: an automatic suite for estimation of 11 different effect size measures and flexible conversion across them	3
Estimation of heterogeneity variance based on a generalized Q statistic in meta‐analysis of log‐odds‐ratio	3
Response to: ‘Additional considerations and response to Graphical Representation of Overlap for OVErviews (GROOVE tool)”	3
Issue Information	3
Simple imputation method for meta-analysis of survival rates when precision information is missing	3
The use of fixed study main effects in arm‐based network meta‐analysis	3
Translating systematic searches in the APA PsycInfo database from Ovid to EBSCOhost: A tutorial based on a filter translation	3
A new taxonomy was developed for overlap across 'overviews of systematic reviews': A meta‐research study of research waste	3
A comparison of two models for detecting inconsistency in network meta‐analysis	3
Why do researchers co‐author evidence syntheses with librarians? A mixed‐methods study	3
Investigation of bias due to selective inclusion of study effect estimates in meta‐analyses of nutrition research	3

Feasibility and desirability of screening search results from Google Search exhaustively for systematic reviews: A cross‐case analysis	3
The application of ROBINS-I guidance in systematic reviews of non-randomised studies: A descriptive study	3
Bayesian approaches to fixed effects meta‐analysis	3
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Paperfetcher: A tool to automate handsearching and citation searching for systematic reviews	3
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Aggregating and analysing clinical trials data from multiple public registers using R package ctrdata	3
In‐depth evaluation of machine learning methods for semi‐automating article screening in a systematic review of mechanistic literature	3
Synthesizing evidence from the earliest studies to support decision‐making: To what extent could the evidence be reliable?	3
Limits in the search date for rapid reviews of diagnostic test accuracy studies	3
Beyond human gold standards: A multimodel framework for automated abstract classification and information extraction	3
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Key concepts and reporting recommendations for mapping reviews: A scoping review of 68 guidance and methodological studies	3
Identifying and managing problematic trials: A research integrity assessment tool for randomized controlled trials in evidence synthesis	2
Generalizable and scalable multistage biomedical concept normalization leveraging large language models	2
Identifying unreported links between ClinicalTrials.gov trial registrations and their published results	2
Examining how meta‐analytic methods perform	2
Meta‐analyzing partial correlation coefficients using Fisher's z transformation	2
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Language inclusion in ecological systematic reviews and maps: Barriers and perspectives	2
On the double‐robustness and semiparametric efficiency of matching‐adjusted indirect comparisons	2
What happens to qualitative studies initially presented as conference abstracts: A survey among study authors	2
Translation and validation of a geographic search filter to identify studies about Germany in Embase (Ovid) and MEDLINE(R) ALL (Ovid)	2
ZIBGLMM: Zero-inflated bivariate generalized linear mixed model for meta-analysis with double-zero-event studies	2
metaCOVID: A web‐application for living meta‐analyses of COVID‐19 trials	2
TheCONSENSYSapproach: An instrument to supportCONtextual SENsitivityinSYStematicreviews	2
Estimating pairwise overlap in umbrella reviews: Considerations for using the corrected covered area (CCA) index methodology	2
Automated citation searching in systematic review production: A simulation study	2
A non‐parametric approach for jointly combining evidence on progression free and overall survival time in network meta‐analysis	2
Zero‐ and few‐shot prompting of generative large language models provides weak assessment of risk of bias in clinical trials	2
Trials and triangles: Network meta-analysis of multi-arm trials with correlated arms	2
Robust Bayesian meta‐analysis: Model‐averaging across complementary publication bias adjustment methods	2
Automating the data extraction process for systematic reviews using GPT-4o and o3	2
An open competition involving thousands of competitors failed to construct useful abstract classifiers for new diagnostic test accuracy systematic reviews	2
Effect modification and non-collapsibility together may lead to conflicting treatment decisions: A review of marginal and conditional estimands and recommendations for decision-making	2
Predatory journals and their practices present a conundrum for systematic reviewers and evidence synthesisers of health research: A qualitative descriptive study	2
Development of the individual participant data integrity tool for assessing the integrity of randomised trials using individual participant data	2
What can we learn from 1,000 meta-analyses across 10 different disciplines?	2
How trace plots help interpret meta‐analysis results	2
Adapting how to use Google Search to identify studies for systematic reviews in view of a recent change to how search results are displayed	2