BMJ-British Medical Journal

Article	Citations
The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews	25282
PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews	3296
Features of 20 133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study	2063
Factors associated with hospital admission and critical illness among 5279 people with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York City: prospective cohort study	1787
Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of covid-19: systematic review and critical appraisal	1736
A new framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions: update of Medical Research Council guidance	1538
Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: living systematic review and meta-analysis	1322
Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China, January-March 2020: retrospective cohort study	1035
Management of post-acute covid-19 in primary care	995
Long covid—mechanisms, risk factors, and management	881
Prevalence of diabetes recorded in mainland China using 2018 diagnostic criteria from the American Diabetes Association: national cross sectional study	763
Effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines on covid-19 related symptoms, hospital admissions, and mortality in older adults in England: test negative case-control study	753
Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the covid-19 pandemic in Paris, France: prospective observational study	712
Characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women admitted to hospital with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK: national population based cohort study	703
Occurrence, prevention, and management of the psychological effects of emerging virus outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review and meta-analysis	682
Risk stratification of patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: development and validation of the 4C Mortality Score	668
Hydroxychloroquine in patients with mainly mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019: open label, randomised controlled trial	653
Mitigating the wider health effects of covid-19 pandemic response	604
Mortality due to cancer treatment delay: systematic review and meta-analysis	569
Risk of mortality in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern 202012/1: matched cohort study	565
Diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for covid-19: systematic review and meta-analysis	556
Drug treatments for covid-19: living systematic review and network meta-analysis	508
A living WHO guideline on drugs for covid-19	482
Characterization and clinical course of 1000 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York: retrospective case series	474
Virology, transmission, and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2	467

Convalescent plasma in the management of moderate covid-19 in adults in India: open label phase II multicentre randomised controlled trial (PLACID Trial)	464
Post-covid syndrome in individuals admitted to hospital with covid-19: retrospective cohort study	464
Progression to type 2 diabetes in women with a known history of gestational diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis	463
National, regional, and worldwide epidemiology of psoriasis: systematic analysis and modelling study	463
Interpreting a covid-19 test result	439
Face masks for the public during the covid-19 crisis	433
Living risk prediction algorithm (QCOVID) for risk of hospital admission and mortality from coronavirus 19 in adults: national derivation and validation cohort study	412
Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology using mendelian randomisation (STROBE-MR): explanation and elaboration	412
Clinical characteristics of children and young people admitted to hospital with covid-19 in United Kingdom: prospective multicentre observational cohort study	407
Covid-19: four fifths of cases are asymptomatic, China figures indicate	390
Managing the long term effects of covid-19: summary of NICE, SIGN, and RCGP rapid guideline	366
Physical distancing interventions and incidence of coronavirus disease 2019: natural experiment in 149 countries	366
Covid-19 pandemic and the social determinants of health	365
Treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer	345
Clinical severity of, and effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against, covid-19 from omicron, delta, and alpha SARS-CoV-2 variants in the United States: prospective observational study	341
Is ethnicity linked to incidence or outcomes of covid-19?	336
Covid-19: What do we know about “long covid”?	334
Effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis	316
Association between prediabetes and risk of all cause mortality and cardiovascular disease: updated meta-analysis	311
Sodium-glucose cotransporter protein-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controll	304
Accuracy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for screening to detect major depression among pregnant and postpartum women: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant	284
Covid-19: Pfizer’s paxlovid is 89% effective in patients at risk of serious illness, company reports	284
Clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with covid-19 pneumonia who require oxygen: observational comparative study using routine care data	272
Effect of tocilizumab on clinical outcomes at 15 days in patients with severe or critical coronavirus disease 2019: randomised controlled trial	271
Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity, and protect health	270
Arterial events, venous thromboembolism, thrombocytopenia, and bleeding after vaccination with Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S in Denmark and Norway: population based cohort study	268
Excess deaths associated with covid-19 pandemic in 2020: age and sex disaggregated time series analysis in 29 high income countries	261
Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy among ethnic minority groups	260
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in covid-19	258
Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies (PRISMA-DTA): explanation, elaboration, and checklist	256
Violence against women during covid-19 pandemic restrictions	254
Clinical features and novel presentations of human monkeypox in a central London centre during the 2022 outbreak: descriptive case series	250
Adversity in childhood is linked to mental and physical health throughout life	250
Covid-19: New coronavirus variant is identified in UK	245
Covid-19: Omicron may be more transmissible than other variants and partly resistant to existing vaccines, scientists fear	243
Two metres or one: what is the evidence for physical distancing in covid-19?	242
Risk of clinical sequelae after the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection: retrospective cohort study	242
Associations of healthy lifestyle and socioeconomic status with mortality and incident cardiovascular disease: two prospective cohort studies	234
Covid-19: European countries suspend use of Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine after reports of blood clots	233
Risk of hospital admission with coronavirus disease 2019 in healthcare workers and their households: nationwide linkage cohort study	226
Severe covid-19 pneumonia: pathogenesis and clinical management	224
COP27 climate change conference: urgent action needed for Africa and the world	216
Efficacy of covid-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients: systematic review and meta-analysis	216
Comparison of dietary macronutrient patterns of 14 popular named dietary programmes for weight and cardiovascular risk factor reduction in adults: systematic review and network meta-analysis of random	214
Covid-19: A&E visits in England fall by 25% in week after lockdown	211
Effectiveness of therapeutic heparin versus prophylactic heparin on death, mechanical ventilation, or intensive care unit admission in moderately ill patients with covid-19 admitted to hospital: RAPID	211
The healthiness and sustainability of national and global food based dietary guidelines: modelling study	210
Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 covid-19 vaccines against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe covid-19 outcomes in Ontario, Canada: test negative design study	205
Long covid: How to define it and how to manage it	201
New advances in the diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma	200

Social distancing in covid-19: what are the mental health implications?	199
Risk of thrombocytopenia and thromboembolism after covid-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 positive testing: self-controlled case series study	199
Trajectory of long covid symptoms after covid-19 vaccination: community based cohort study	196
Associations between high temperatures in pregnancy and risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirths: systematic review and meta-analysis	194
Reporting guidelines for clinical trial reports for interventions involving artificial intelligence: the CONSORT-AI Extension	192
Risks of mental health outcomes in people with covid-19: cohort study	187
Covid-19 vaccination hesitancy	187
Effectiveness of the CoronaVac vaccine in older adults during a gamma variant associated epidemic of covid-19 in Brazil: test negative case-control study	184
Association between the reproductive health of young women and cardiovascular disease in later life: umbrella review	183
Efficacy and safety of low and very low carbohydrate diets for type 2 diabetes remission: systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished randomized trial data	182
Risk prediction of covid-19 related death and hospital admission in adults after covid-19 vaccination: national prospective cohort study	181
Use of genetic variation to separate the effects of early and later life adiposity on disease risk: mendelian randomisation study	175
Advances in acute myeloid leukemia	172
Covid-19: Novavax vaccine efficacy is 86% against UK variant and 60% against South African variant	172
Central fatness and risk of all cause mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 72 prospective cohort studies	170
Computerised clinical decision support systems and absolute improvements in care: meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials	170
Clinical features of covid-19	169
Burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019	166
Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease: VITAL randomized controlled trial	164
Use of personal protective equipment against coronavirus disease 2019 by healthcare professionals in Wuhan, China: cross sectional study	163
Adherence to the test, trace, and isolate system in the UK: results from 37 nationally representative surveys	163
Waste in covid-19 research	163
Trends in suicide during the covid-19 pandemic	161
Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis	161
Long term survival and local control outcomes from single dose targeted intraoperative radiotherapy during lumpectomy (TARGIT-IORT) for early breast cancer: TARGIT-A randomised clinical trial	160
Covid-19: Black people and other minorities are hardest hit in US	159
Recommended physical activity and all cause and cause specific mortality in US adults: prospective cohort study	159
Mitigating ethnic disparities in covid-19 and beyond	156
Dietary intake of total, animal, and plant proteins and risk of all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies	156
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and myocarditis or myopericarditis: population based cohort study	155
Food is medicine: actions to integrate food and nutrition into healthcare	153
Early warning scores for detecting deterioration in adult hospital patients: systematic review and critical appraisal of methodology	153
Trends in obesity and adiposity measures by race or ethnicity among adults in the United States 2011-18: population based study	153
How covid-19 is accelerating the threat of antimicrobial resistance	152
Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 against delta, mu, and other emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2: test negative case-control study	149
Risks of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and bleeding after covid-19: nationwide self-controlled cases series and matched cohort study	148
Covid-19: The E484K mutation and the risks it poses	146
NICE guideline on long covid	145
Guidelines for clinical trial protocols for interventions involving artificial intelligence: the SPIRIT-AI Extension	145
Dexamethasone in the management of covid -19	142
The prevalence of loneliness across 113 countries: systematic review and meta-analysis	141
The role of chest radiography in confirming covid-19 pneumonia	140
Food and mood: how do diet and nutrition affect mental wellbeing?	139
The UK’s public health response to covid-19	139
Incidence, clinical outcomes, and transmission dynamics of severe coronavirus disease 2019 in California and Washington: prospective cohort study	137
Screening and prevention of colorectal cancer	137
Long term respiratory complications of covid-19	137
Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022) statement: updated reporting guidance for health economic evaluations	137
Early initiation of prophylactic anticoagulation for prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 mortality in patients admitted to hospital in the United States: cohort study	137
Advances in the diagnosis and management of IgG4 related disease	136
Put to the test: use of rapid testing technologies for covid-19	135
Association of ultra-processed food intake with risk of inflammatory bowel disease: prospective cohort study	135
Reporting guideline for overviews of reviews of healthcare interventions: development of the PRIOR statement	134
Risks to children and young people during covid-19 pandemic	133
P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy or dual antiplatelet therapy after coronary revascularisation: individual patient level meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials	133
Covid-19: adverse mental health outcomes for healthcare workers	132
Glioblastoma: clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management	132
Mitigating the psychological effects of social isolation during the covid-19 pandemic	131
Sintilimab versus placebo in combination with chemotherapy as first line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ORIENT-15): multicentre, randomised, double b	131
Advances in systemic therapy for non-small cell lung cancer	130
Pandemic fatigue? How adherence to covid-19 regulations has been misrepresented and why it matters	130
Covid-19: testing times	129
Use of artificial intelligence for image analysis in breast cancer screening programmes: systematic review of test accuracy	129
Adapting interventions to new contexts—the ADAPT guidance	125
Mental health of children and young people during pandemic	125
Neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 5 among children born preterm: EPIPAGE-2 cohort study	122
Long covid outcomes at one year after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection: nationwide cohort study	122
Covid-19 has redefined airborne transmission	120
Infection fatality risk for SARS-CoV-2 in community dwelling population of Spain: nationwide seroepidemiological study	118
Meat plants—a new front line in the covid-19 pandemic	118
Delta variant: What is happening with transmission, hospital admissions, and restrictions?	117
Covid-19 deaths in Africa: prospective systematic postmortem surveillance study	117
Comparative evaluation of clinical manifestations and risk of death in patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 and seasonal influenza: cohort study	114
Scope, quality, and inclusivity of clinical guidelines produced early in the covid-19 pandemic: rapid review	113
Academic criteria for promotion and tenure in biomedical sciences faculties: cross sectional analysis of international sample of universities	111
Covid-19: What new variants are emerging and how are they being investigated?	110
Global, regional, and national estimates of target population sizes for covid-19 vaccination: descriptive study	110
Hepatorenal syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management	110
Effect of reductions in amyloid levels on cognitive change in randomized trials: instrumental variable meta-analysis	109
Hospital admission and mortality rates for non-covid diseases in Denmark during covid-19 pandemic: nationwide population based cohort study	109

Medical cannabis or cannabinoids for chronic non-cancer and cancer related pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials	108
Video consultations in primary and specialist care during the covid-19 pandemic and beyond	107
Asymptomatic transmission of covid-19	107
Elimination could be the optimal response strategy for covid-19 and other emerging pandemic diseases	106
Effectiveness and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid treatment for knee and hip osteoarthritis: network meta-analysis	105
Evaluating the credibility of anchor based estimates of minimal important differences for patient reported outcomes: instrument development and reliability study	104
Remote management of covid-19 using home pulse oximetry and virtual ward support	104
Association between low density lipoprotein and all cause and cause specific mortality in Denmark: prospective cohort study	103
Associations of physician burnout with career engagement and quality of patient care: systematic review and meta-analysis	103
Risk of bias in studies on prediction models developed using supervised machine learning techniques: systematic review	103
Covid-19: should the public wear face masks?	103
Covid-19: Delta variant is now UK’s most dominant strain and spreading through schools	103
Aducanumab for Alzheimer’s disease?	102
Effect of the covid-19 pandemic in 2020 on life expectancy across populations in the USA and other high income countries: simulations of provisional mortality data	102
Home and Online Management and Evaluation of Blood Pressure (HOME BP) using a digital intervention in poorly controlled hypertension: randomised controlled trial	102
Regulatory T cells for minimising immune suppression in kidney transplantation: phase I/IIa clinical trial	101
Reserving coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines for global access: cross sectional analysis	100
Effects of covid-19 pandemic on life expectancy and premature mortality in 2020: time series analysis in 37 countries	100
Red meat intake and risk of coronary heart disease among US men: prospective cohort study	99
In-hospital cardiac arrest in critically ill patients with covid-19: multicenter cohort study	99
Covid-19: New UK variant may be linked to increased death rate, early data indicate	99
Statin treatment and muscle symptoms: series of randomised, placebo controlled n-of-1 trials	98
Covid-19: Is a second wave hitting Europe?	98
Use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases	98
Designing and undertaking randomised implementation trials: guide for researchers	97
Diagnosis and management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia	97
Short term associations of ambient nitrogen dioxide with daily total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality: multilocation analysis in 398 cities	96
Effectiveness of a fourth dose of covid-19 mRNA vaccine against the omicron variant among long term care residents in Ontario, Canada: test negative design study	96
STaRT-RWE: structured template for planning and reporting on the implementation of real world evidence studies	95
Health surveillance during covid-19 pandemic	95
Poverty, health, and covid-19	95
Food anaphylaxis in the United Kingdom: analysis of national data, 1998-2018	94
Use of electronic medical records in development and validation of risk prediction models of hospital readmission: systematic review	94
Risk of hospital admission for patients with SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: cohort analysis	94
Linked electronic health records for research on a nationwide cohort of more than 54 million people in England: data resource	93
Pulmonary embolism: update on management and controversies	93
Risk of persistent and new clinical sequelae among adults aged 65 years and older during the post-acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection: retrospective cohort study	93
Airborne transmission of covid-19	93
Long term exposure to low level air pollution and mortality in eight European cohorts within the ELAPSE project: pooled analysis	92
Public health impact of covid-19 vaccines in the US: observational study	92
Electronic health record alerts for acute kidney injury: multicenter, randomized clinical trial	92
Association between high blood pressure and long term cardiovascular events in young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis	92
Risk of covid-19 related deaths for SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) compared with delta (B.1.617.2): retrospective cohort study	92
Placebos in chronic pain: evidence, theory, ethics, and use in clinical practice	92
Covid-19 and alcohol—a dangerous cocktail	91
Covid-19: Molnupiravir reduces risk of hospital admission or death by 50% in patients at risk, MSD reports	90
Prognosis and persistence of smell and taste dysfunction in patients with covid-19: meta-analysis with parametric cure modelling of recovery curves	90
GRADE approach to drawing conclusions from a network meta-analysis using a minimally contextualised framework	89
Management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease	89
Menstrual changes after covid-19 vaccination	88
Associations between statins and adverse events in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review with pairwise, network, and dose-response meta-analyses	88
Covid-19: how a virus is turning the world upside down	88
Management of hypertriglyceridemia	87
Characterising the background incidence rates of adverse events of special interest for covid-19 vaccines in eight countries: multinational network cohort study	86
Routine vaccination during covid-19 pandemic response	86
RETRACTED: Changes in soft drinks purchased by British households associated with the UK soft drinks industry levy: controlled interrupted time series analysis	86
Covid-19: death rate is 0.66% and increases with age, study estimates	85
Covid-19: Where are we on vaccines and variants?	85
Covid-19: risks to healthcare workers and their families	85
Intake of whole grain foods and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from three prospective cohort studies	85
Menstrual cycle regularity and length across the reproductive lifespan and risk of premature mortality: prospective cohort study	85
Multicomponent intervention to prevent mobility disability in frail older adults: randomised controlled trial (SPRINTT project)	84
Covid-19: US gives emergency approval to hydroxychloroquine despite lack of evidence	83
Hepatitis B virus persistence and reactivation	83
Lyme borreliosis: diagnosis and management	82
Learning from Gothenburg model of person centred healthcare	81
Face masks can be devastating for people with hearing loss	80
Freeze-all versus fresh blastocyst transfer strategy during in vitro fertilisation in women with regular menstrual cycles: multicentre randomised controlled trial	79
Returning to physical activity after covid-19	79
Waning of vaccine effectiveness against moderate and severe covid-19 among adults in the US from the VISION network: test negative, case-control study	79
Age dependent associations of risk factors with heart failure: pooled population based cohort study	79
Post-acute sequelae of covid-19 six to 12 months after infection: population based study	78
Remdesivir in covid-19	78
The concept of “fatigue” in tackling covid-19	78
Drugs and the renin-angiotensin system in covid-19	78
Covid-19: Remdesivir has little or no impact on survival, WHO trial shows	77
Covid-19: What have we learnt about the new variant in the UK?	77
Covid-19: Early studies give hope omicron is milder than other variants	77
Autoimmune complications of immunotherapy: pathophysiology and management	77
Optimizing Therapy to Prevent Avoidable Hospital Admissions in Multimorbid Older Adults (OPERAM): cluster randomised controlled trial	76
Efficacy and safety of antidepressants for the treatment of back pain and osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis	75
Real time remote symptom monitoring during chemotherapy for cancer: European multicentre randomised controlled trial (eSMART)	75
Socioeconomic gradient in health and the covid-19 outbreak	74
Covid-19: Moderna vaccine is nearly 95% effective, trial involving high risk and elderly people shows	74
Elapsed time since BNT162b2 vaccine and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection: test negative design study	74
A pathway to net zero emissions for healthcare	74
Should governments continue lockdown to slow the spread of covid-19?	74
Does “AI” stand for augmenting inequality in the era of covid-19 healthcare?	73
Advances in the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease	73
Why is India having a covid-19 surge?	73
Going viral: doctors must tackle fake news in the covid-19 pandemic	72
Thrombosis after covid-19 vaccination	72
Diagnosis and management of functional neurological disorder	72
Covid-19: politicisation, “corruption,” and suppression of science	72
Covid-19: Do many people have pre-existing immunity?	72