BMJ-British Medical Journal

Article	Citations
The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews	35150
PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews	4452
A new framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions: update of Medical Research Council guidance	2187
Long covid—mechanisms, risk factors, and management	1028
Effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines on covid-19 related symptoms, hospital admissions, and mortality in older adults in England: test negative case-control study	759
Mortality due to cancer treatment delay: systematic review and meta-analysis	694
Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology using mendelian randomisation (STROBE-MR): explanation and elaboration	685
Risk of mortality in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern 202012/1: matched cohort study	575
Post-covid syndrome in individuals admitted to hospital with covid-19: retrospective cohort study	521
Managing the long term effects of covid-19: summary of NICE, SIGN, and RCGP rapid guideline	428
Treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer	428
Clinical severity of, and effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against, covid-19 from omicron, delta, and alpha SARS-CoV-2 variants in the United States: prospective observational study	402
Effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis	399
Covid-19 pandemic and the social determinants of health	398
Sodium-glucose cotransporter protein-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controll	376
Accuracy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for screening to detect major depression among pregnant and postpartum women: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant	369
Associations of healthy lifestyle and socioeconomic status with mortality and incident cardiovascular disease: two prospective cohort studies	358
Covid-19: Pfizer’s paxlovid is 89% effective in patients at risk of serious illness, company reports	311
Clinical features and novel presentations of human monkeypox in a central London centre during the 2022 outbreak: descriptive case series	294
Excess deaths associated with covid-19 pandemic in 2020: age and sex disaggregated time series analysis in 29 high income countries	284
Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis	284
Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy among ethnic minority groups	283
Burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019	281
Risk of clinical sequelae after the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection: retrospective cohort study	280
Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity, and protect health	280

Effect of tocilizumab on clinical outcomes at 15 days in patients with severe or critical coronavirus disease 2019: randomised controlled trial	277
Efficacy of covid-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients: systematic review and meta-analysis	264
Severe covid-19 pneumonia: pathogenesis and clinical management	255
Arterial events, venous thromboembolism, thrombocytopenia, and bleeding after vaccination with Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S in Denmark and Norway: population based cohort study	255
Associations between high temperatures in pregnancy and risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirths: systematic review and meta-analysis	248
Covid-19: Omicron may be more transmissible than other variants and partly resistant to existing vaccines, scientists fear	248
Covid-19: New coronavirus variant is identified in UK	248
Covid-19: European countries suspend use of Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine after reports of blood clots	245
Efficacy and safety of low and very low carbohydrate diets for type 2 diabetes remission: systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished randomized trial data	235
Effectiveness of therapeutic heparin versus prophylactic heparin on death, mechanical ventilation, or intensive care unit admission in moderately ill patients with covid-19 admitted to hospital: RAPID	231
Risks of mental health outcomes in people with covid-19: cohort study	229
Reporting guideline for overviews of reviews of healthcare interventions: development of the PRIOR statement	224
Advances in acute myeloid leukemia	222
Trajectory of long covid symptoms after covid-19 vaccination: community based cohort study	220
The prevalence of loneliness across 113 countries: systematic review and meta-analysis	218
COP27 climate change conference: urgent action needed for Africa and the world	216
Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 covid-19 vaccines against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe covid-19 outcomes in Ontario, Canada: test negative design study	214
Risk of thrombocytopenia and thromboembolism after covid-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 positive testing: self-controlled case series study	205
Effectiveness of the CoronaVac vaccine in older adults during a gamma variant associated epidemic of covid-19 in Brazil: test negative case-control study	205
Covid-19 vaccination hesitancy	200
Risk prediction of covid-19 related death and hospital admission in adults after covid-19 vaccination: national prospective cohort study	194
Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease: VITAL randomized controlled trial	194
Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022) statement: updated reporting guidance for health economic evaluations	190
Risks of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and bleeding after covid-19: nationwide self-controlled cases series and matched cohort study	186
Trends in obesity and adiposity measures by race or ethnicity among adults in the United States 2011-18: population based study	183
Sintilimab versus placebo in combination with chemotherapy as first line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ORIENT-15): multicentre, randomised, double b	182
Long covid outcomes at one year after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection: nationwide cohort study	180
Associations of physician burnout with career engagement and quality of patient care: systematic review and meta-analysis	180
Covid-19: Novavax vaccine efficacy is 86% against UK variant and 60% against South African variant	179
Association of ultra-processed food intake with risk of inflammatory bowel disease: prospective cohort study	171
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and myocarditis or myopericarditis: population based cohort study	169
Trends in suicide during the covid-19 pandemic	168
Adapting interventions to new contexts—the ADAPT guidance	167
Adherence to the test, trace, and isolate system in the UK: results from 37 nationally representative surveys	166
Glioblastoma: clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management	165
Use of artificial intelligence for image analysis in breast cancer screening programmes: systematic review of test accuracy	164
Mitigating ethnic disparities in covid-19 and beyond	163
NICE guideline on long covid	161
Screening and prevention of colorectal cancer	160
Advances in systemic therapy for non-small cell lung cancer	160
Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 against delta, mu, and other emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2: test negative case-control study	157
P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy or dual antiplatelet therapy after coronary revascularisation: individual patient level meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials	155
Covid-19: The E484K mutation and the risks it poses	149
Put to the test: use of rapid testing technologies for covid-19	147
Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of endometriosis	146
Risk of bias in studies on prediction models developed using supervised machine learning techniques: systematic review	146
Neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 5 among children born preterm: EPIPAGE-2 cohort study	144
Early initiation of prophylactic anticoagulation for prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 mortality in patients admitted to hospital in the United States: cohort study	142
Medical cannabis or cannabinoids for chronic non-cancer and cancer related pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials	137
Pandemic fatigue? How adherence to covid-19 regulations has been misrepresented and why it matters	134

Mental health of children and young people during pandemic	133
Effectiveness and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid treatment for knee and hip osteoarthritis: network meta-analysis	133
Diagnosis and management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia	132
Association between low density lipoprotein and all cause and cause specific mortality in Denmark: prospective cohort study	131
Comparative evaluation of clinical manifestations and risk of death in patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 and seasonal influenza: cohort study	127
Post-acute sequelae of covid-19 six to 12 months after infection: population based study	127
Covid-19 has redefined airborne transmission	125
Covid-19 deaths in Africa: prospective systematic postmortem surveillance study	124
STaRT-RWE: structured template for planning and reporting on the implementation of real world evidence studies	122
Home and Online Management and Evaluation of Blood Pressure (HOME BP) using a digital intervention in poorly controlled hypertension: randomised controlled trial	122
Long term exposure to low level air pollution and mortality in eight European cohorts within the ELAPSE project: pooled analysis	121
Hospital admission and mortality rates for non-covid diseases in Denmark during covid-19 pandemic: nationwide population based cohort study	121
Delta variant: What is happening with transmission, hospital admissions, and restrictions?	119
Effect of reductions in amyloid levels on cognitive change in randomized trials: instrumental variable meta-analysis	119
Aducanumab for Alzheimer’s disease?	116
Linked electronic health records for research on a nationwide cohort of more than 54 million people in England: data resource	116
Elimination could be the optimal response strategy for covid-19 and other emerging pandemic diseases	116
Multicomponent intervention to prevent mobility disability in frail older adults: randomised controlled trial (SPRINTT project)	114
Short term associations of ambient nitrogen dioxide with daily total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality: multilocation analysis in 398 cities	114
Electronic health record alerts for acute kidney injury: multicenter, randomized clinical trial	114
Global, regional, and national estimates of target population sizes for covid-19 vaccination: descriptive study	113
Associations between statins and adverse events in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review with pairwise, network, and dose-response meta-analyses	113
Asymptomatic transmission of covid-19	112
Risk of persistent and new clinical sequelae among adults aged 65 years and older during the post-acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection: retrospective cohort study	112
Effects of covid-19 pandemic on life expectancy and premature mortality in 2020: time series analysis in 37 countries	112
Statin treatment and muscle symptoms: series of randomised, placebo controlled n-of-1 trials	111
Infection fatality risk for SARS-CoV-2 in community dwelling population of Spain: nationwide seroepidemiological study	111
Designing and undertaking randomised implementation trials: guide for researchers	111
Prognosis and persistence of smell and taste dysfunction in patients with covid-19: meta-analysis with parametric cure modelling of recovery curves	111
Covid-19: What new variants are emerging and how are they being investigated?	111
Waning of vaccine effectiveness against moderate and severe covid-19 among adults in the US from the VISION network: test negative, case-control study	110
Effect of the covid-19 pandemic in 2020 on life expectancy across populations in the USA and other high income countries: simulations of provisional mortality data	110
GRADE approach to drawing conclusions from a network meta-analysis using a minimally contextualised framework	109
Food anaphylaxis in the United Kingdom: analysis of national data, 1998-2018	109
Remote management of covid-19 using home pulse oximetry and virtual ward support	108
Covid-19: Delta variant is now UK’s most dominant strain and spreading through schools	106
Risk of covid-19 related deaths for SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) compared with delta (B.1.617.2): retrospective cohort study	106
Public health impact of covid-19 vaccines in the US: observational study	104
Real time remote symptom monitoring during chemotherapy for cancer: European multicentre randomised controlled trial (eSMART)	103
Reserving coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines for global access: cross sectional analysis	103
Diagnosis and management of functional neurological disorder	103
Reporting guideline for the early stage clinical evaluation of decision support systems driven by artificial intelligence: DECIDE-AI	102
Risk of hospital admission for patients with SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: cohort analysis	101
Comparison of mental health symptoms before and during the covid-19 pandemic: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis of 134 cohorts	101
Covid-19: New UK variant may be linked to increased death rate, early data indicate	100
Effectiveness of a fourth dose of covid-19 mRNA vaccine against the omicron variant among long term care residents in Ontario, Canada: test negative design study	99
Poverty, health, and covid-19	99
Management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease	98
Accuracy of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for screening to detect major depression: updated systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis	97
Menstrual changes after covid-19 vaccination	97
Accuracy of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Depression subscale (HADS-D) to screen for major depression: systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis	95
Effect of screening by clinical breast examination on breast cancer incidence and mortality after 20 years: prospective, cluster randomised controlled trial in Mumbai	95
Age dependent associations of risk factors with heart failure: pooled population based cohort study	94
Effect of low glycaemic index or load dietary patterns on glycaemic control and cardiometabolic risk factors in diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials	94
Covid-19: Molnupiravir reduces risk of hospital admission or death by 50% in patients at risk, MSD reports	94
Red meat intake and risk of coronary heart disease among US men: prospective cohort study	93
How the nursing profession should adapt for a digital future	92
TRIPOD+AI statement: updated guidance for reporting clinical prediction models that use regression or machine learning methods	91
Benefits and harms of drug treatment for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials	91
Characterising the background incidence rates of adverse events of special interest for covid-19 vaccines in eight countries: multinational network cohort study	91
Advances in the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease	90
Co-production of knowledge: the future	90
RETRACTED: Changes in soft drinks purchased by British households associated with the UK soft drinks industry levy: controlled interrupted time series analysis	89
Does “AI” stand for augmenting inequality in the era of covid-19 healthcare?	88
Effective engagement and involvement with community stakeholders in the co-production of global health research	86
Optimizing Therapy to Prevent Avoidable Hospital Admissions in Multimorbid Older Adults (OPERAM): cluster randomised controlled trial	86
Covid-19: Where are we on vaccines and variants?	85
Treatment timing and the effects of rhythm control strategy in patients with atrial fibrillation: nationwide cohort study	84
Efficacy and safety of antidepressants for the treatment of back pain and osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis	84
Global, regional, and national burden of diseases and injuries for adults 70 years and older: systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study	83
Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses	83
Long covid—an update for primary care	82
Returning to physical activity after covid-19	82
Covid-19: Early studies give hope omicron is milder than other variants	81
Elapsed time since BNT162b2 vaccine and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection: test negative design study	81
Covid-19: WHO declares end of global health emergency	80
Covid-19: politicisation, “corruption,” and suppression of science	80
Anthropometric and adiposity indicators and risk of type 2 diabetes: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies	80
SARS-CoV-2 positivity in offspring and timing of mother-to-child transmission: living systematic review and meta-analysis	80
Covid-19: What have we learnt about the new variant in the UK?	79

The concept of “fatigue” in tackling covid-19	79
A living WHO guideline on drugs to prevent covid-19	78
Use of high dose cyproterone acetate and risk of intracranial meningioma in women: cohort study	78
Recovery and symptom trajectories up to two years after SARS-CoV-2 infection: population based, longitudinal cohort study	78
Covid-19: Moderna vaccine is nearly 95% effective, trial involving high risk and elderly people shows	78
Mobile health and privacy: cross sectional study	77
Dietary intake and biomarkers of alpha linolenic acid and risk of all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies	77
Effectiveness of heterologous and homologous covid-19 vaccine regimens: living systematic review with network meta-analysis	76
Why is India having a covid-19 surge?	76
Dietary sugar consumption and health: umbrella review	75
Global burden of type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults, 1990-2019: systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019	75
Early surgical reconstruction versus rehabilitation with elective delayed reconstruction for patients with anterior cruciate ligament rupture: COMPARE randomised controlled trial	74
CONSORT extension for the reporting of randomised controlled trials conducted using cohorts and routinely collected data (CONSORT-ROUTINE): checklist with explanation and elaboration	74
Growing backlog of planned surgery due to covid-19	74
Thrombosis after covid-19 vaccination	74
Axial spondyloarthritis: new advances in diagnosis and management	73
Association between covid-19 vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and risk of immune mediated neurological events: population based cohort and self-controlled case series analysis	73
Association between healthy lifestyle and memory decline in older adults: 10 year, population based, prospective cohort study	73
Covid-19: Runny nose, headache, and fatigue are commonest symptoms of omicron, early data show	72
Prophylaxis against covid-19: living systematic review and network meta-analysis	72
Advances in systemic therapies for triple negative breast cancer	71
Women’s wellbeing and the burden of unpaid work	71
Under-reporting of deaths limits our understanding of true burden of covid-19	71
Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with acute covid-19 associated respiratory failure: comparative effectiveness study	70
Common elective orthopaedic procedures and their clinical effectiveness: umbrella review of level 1 evidence	70
Role of coronary artery calcium score in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease	70
Consistency of variety of machine learning and statistical models in predicting clinical risks of individual patients: longitudinal cohort study using cardiovascular disease as exemplar	70
Harms of public health interventions against covid-19 must not be ignored	70
Monkeypox: What do we know about the outbreaks in Europe and North America?	69
Excess mortality in Wuhan city and other parts of China during the three months of the covid-19 outbreak: findings from nationwide mortality registries	69
Risks of covid-19 hospital admission and death for people with learning disability: population based cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform	69
Transmission dynamics of monkeypox in the United Kingdom: contact tracing study	69
Incidence, risk factors, natural history, and hypothesised mechanisms of myocarditis and pericarditis following covid-19 vaccination: living evidence syntheses and review	68
Covid-19 will become endemic but with decreased potency over time, scientists believe	68
Diagnostic accuracy of rapid antigen tests in asymptomatic and presymptomatic close contacts of individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection: cross sectional study	68
Glucocorticoid induced adrenal insufficiency	67
Explaining covid-19 performance: what factors might predict national responses?	67
GRADE approach to drawing conclusions from a network meta-analysis using a partially contextualised framework	67
Effectiveness of mRNA vaccines and waning of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe covid-19 during predominant circulation of the delta variant in Italy: retrospective cohort study	67
Covid-19 vaccine passports: access, equity, and ethics	66
Covid-19 vaccination in pregnancy	66
Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in China, 2004-18: findings from six rounds of a national survey	66
Artificial sweeteners and risk of cardiovascular diseases: results from the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort	66
Covid-19: Omicron is causing more infections but fewer hospital admissions than delta, South African data show	65
SGLT-2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists for adults with type 2 diabetes: a clinical practice guideline	65
Covid-19: How the UK vaccine rollout delivered success, so far	65
Effect of exercise for depression: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials	65
Are overwhelmed health systems an inevitable consequence of covid-19? Experiences from China, Thailand, and New York State	65
Association between conflicts of interest and favourable recommendations in clinical guidelines, advisory committee reports, opinion pieces, and narrati	65
Antiphospholipid syndrome: advances in diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management	65
Evidence on acupuncture therapies is underused in clinical practice and health policy	65
Association between antihypertensive treatment and adverse events: systematic review and meta-analysis	64
Covid-19: Pfizer vaccine efficacy was 52% after first dose and 95% after second dose, paper shows	64
Clustering and longitudinal change in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in school children in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland: prospective cohort study of 55 schools	63
Seven monkeypox cases are confirmed in England	63
What do we know about China’s covid-19 vaccines?	63
Evaluation of pathological complete response as surrogate endpoint in neoadjuvant randomised clinical trials of early stage breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis	63
Vaccine effectiveness of primary series and booster doses against covid-19 associated hospital admissions in the United States: living test negative design study	62
Covid-19: Norway investigates 23 deaths in frail elderly patients after vaccination	62
Covax must go beyond proportional allocation of covid vaccines to ensure fair and equitable access	62
Medical cannabis or cannabinoids for chronic pain: a clinical practice guideline	62
Review of gender identity services for children and young people	61
Human papillomavirus vaccination and cervical cancer risk	61
Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies	61
Ketamine for the acute treatment of severe suicidal ideation: double blind, randomised placebo controlled trial	61
Active conventional treatment and three different biological treatments in early rheumatoid arthritis: phase IV investigator initiated, randomised, observer blinded clinical trial	61
Virtual and in-person cardiac rehabilitation	61
Covid-19: variants and vaccination	60
Ionising radiation and cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis	59
Lateral flow tests cannot rule out SARS- CoV-2 infection	59
Healthy lifestyle and life expectancy with and without Alzheimer’s dementia: population based cohort study	59
Associations of BNT162b2 vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospital admission and death with covid-19 in nursing homes and healthcare workers in Catalonia: prospective cohort study	59
Short term, relative effectiveness of four doses versus three doses of BNT162b2 vaccine in people aged 60 years and older in Israel: retrospective, test negative, case-control study	59
Development and validation of the symptom burden questionnaire for long covid (SBQ-LC): Rasch analysis	58
Covid-19: FDA panel votes to authorise Pfizer BioNTech vaccine	58
Associations of cereal grains intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality across 21 countries in Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study: prospective cohort study	58
Mental health and wellbeing of children and adolescents during the covid-19 pandemic	58
Effect of dietary sources of calcium and protein on hip fractures and falls in older adults in residential care: cluster randomised controlled trial	58
Covid-19 vaccination: What’s the evidence for extending the dosing interval?	58
Urban heat: an increasing threat to global health	57
Early computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome: randomised controlled trial	57
Covid-19: Hospital admission 50-70% less likely with omicron than delta, but transmission a major concern	57
Effect of therapeutic suggestions during general anaesthesia on postoperative pain and opioid use: multicentre randomised controlled trial	57
Comorbidities and covid-19	57
It is not too late to achieve global covid-19 vaccine equity	57
Comparative effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonists on glycaemic control, body weight, and lipid profile for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis	57
Effect of a test-and-treat approach to vitamin D supplementation on risk of all cause acute respiratory tract infection and covid-19: phase 3 randomised controlled trial (CORONAVIT)	56
E-health StandingTall balance exercise for fall prevention in older people: results of a two year randomised controlled trial	56
Net zero healthcare: a call for clinician action	56
Performance of the Innova SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid lateral flow test in the Liverpool asymptomatic testing pilot: population based cohort study	56
Covid-19: South Africa’s surge in cases deepens alarm over omicron variant	56
Indirect effects of the covid-19 pandemic on childhood infection in England: population based observational study	56
The great resignation—how do we support and retain staff already stretched to their limit?	56
AstraZeneca vaccine: Blood clots are “extremely rare” and benefits outweigh risks, regulators conclude	55
Shared decision-making: summary of NICE guidance	55