International Journal of Digital Earth

Article	Citations
Human mobility data in the COVID-19 pandemic: characteristics, applications, and challenges	131
Discontinuous rock slope stability analysis by limit equilibrium approaches – a review	80
Immersive virtual reality for extending the potential of building information modeling in architecture, engineering, and construction sector: systematic review	78
The characteristics of multi-source mobility datasets and how they reveal the luxury nature of social distancing in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic	67
A landslide extraction method of channel attention mechanism U-Net network based on Sentinel-2A remote sensing images	43
Global DEMs vary from one to another: an evaluation of newly released Copernicus, NASA and AW3D30 DEM on selected terrains of China using ICESat-2 altimetry data	42
An object detection method for bayberry trees based on an improved YOLO algorithm	39
Validation of Landsat land surface temperature product in the conterminous United States using in situ measurements from SURFRAD, ARM, and NDBC sites	37
A transformer-based Siamese network and an open optical dataset for semantic change detection of remote sensing images	37
Ensemble machine learning models based on Reduced Error Pruning Tree for prediction of rainfall-induced landslides	36
Driving forces and prediction of urban land use change based on the geodetector and CA-Markov model: a case study of Zhengzhou, China	34
Spatial–temporal variations of NDVI and its response to climate in China from 2001 to 2020	34
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the service industry, traffic, and secondary industry as revealed by the remotely sensed nighttime light data	30
FWENet: a deep convolutional neural network for flood water body extraction based on SAR images	29
Evaluation of neural network models for landslide susceptibility assessment	28
Implementation of serverless cloud GIS platform for land valuation	27
Assessing OSM building completeness for almost 13,000 cities globally	26
Multiplex network reconstruction for the coupled spatial diffusion of infodemic and pandemic of COVID-19	25
A dynamic holographic modelling method of digital twin scenes for bridge construction	25
Nyström-based spectral clustering using airborne LiDAR point cloud data for individual tree segmentation	24
Digital earth: yesterday, today, and tomorrow	24
Tunnel vision optimization method for VR flood scenes based on Gaussian blur	24
An improved social force model (ISFM)-based crowd evacuation simulation method in virtual reality with a subway fire as a case study	24
Disaggregating population data for assessing progress of SDGs: methods and applications	23
Cloud-based storage and computing for remote sensing big data: a technical review	23

Deep neural network ensembles for remote sensing land cover and land use classification	23
Assessing the ecological vulnerability of protected areas by using Big Earth Data	23
An IFC-based database schema for mapping BIM data into a 3D spatially enabled land administration database	22
Soil erosion assessment by RUSLE model using remote sensing and GIS in an arid zone	22
Country-scale spatio-temporal monitoring of soil erosion in Iran using the G2 model	21
Investigate the relationships between the Aral Sea shrinkage and the expansion of cropland and reservoir in its drainage basins between 2000 and 2020	21
Impervious surface extraction based on different methods from multiple spatial resolution images: a comprehensive comparison	21
Autonomous GIS: the next-generation AI-powered GIS	21
A unified 3D space-based navigation model for seamless navigation in indoor and outdoor	21
Integrating Sentinel-1 and 2 with LiDAR data to estimate aboveground biomass of subtropical forests in northeast Guangdong, China	21
Deep learning for land use and land cover classification from the Ecuadorian Paramo.	20
A method for reconstructing NDVI time-series based on envelope detection and the Savitzky-Golay filter	20
Mapping China’s offshore mariculture based on dense time-series optical and radar data	20
Variation of XCO2 anomaly patterns in the Middle East from OCO-2 satellite data	19
Bathymetric mapping and estimation of water storage in a shallow lake using a remote sensing inversion method based on machine learning	19
Mitigation of tropospheric delay induced errors in TS-InSAR ground deformation monitoring	19
Simultaneous retrieval of land surface temperature and emissivity from the FengYun-4A advanced geosynchronous radiation imager	19
Historical trends of degradation, loss, and recovery in the tropical forest reserves of Ghana	18
Chlorophyll-a concentrations in 82 large alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau during 2003–2017: temporal–spatial variations and influencing factors	18
Using geospatial social media data for infectious disease studies: a systematic review	17
Social distance integrated gravity model for evacuation destination choice	17
A virtual geographic environment for dynamic simulation and analysis of tailings dam failure	16
Improving the estimation of canopy cover from UAV-LiDAR data using a pit-free CHM-based method	16
Modeling landslide susceptibility based on convolutional neural network coupling with metaheuristic optimization algorithms	16
Evaluation of machine learning methods and multi-source remote sensing data combinations to construct forest above-ground biomass models	16
Unsupervised GRNN flood mapping approach combined with uncertainty analysis using bi-temporal Sentinel-2 MSI imageries	15
Mapping mountain glaciers using an improved U-Net model with cSE	15
A Scale Sequence Object-based Convolutional Neural Network (SS-OCNN) for crop classification from fine spatial resolution remotely sensed imagery	15
Sea ice conditions and navigability through the Northeast Passage in the past 40 years based on remote-sensing data	15
Evaluation and intercomparison of multiple satellite-derived and reanalysis downward shortwave radiation products in China	15
Recognizing mixed urban functions from human activities using representation learning methods	15
Assessment of drought risk for winter wheat on the Huanghuaihai Plain under climate change using an EPIC model-based approach	15
Evaluating spatial accessibility to healthcare services from the lens of emergency hospital visits based on floating car data	15
Integrated monitoring of lakes’ turbidity in Wuhan, China during the COVID-19 epidemic using multi-sensor satellite observations	15
A scalable software package for time series reconstruction of remote sensing datasets on the Google Earth Engine platform	14
Inferring decelerated land subsidence and groundwater storage dynamics in Tianjin–Langfang using Sentinel-1 InSAR	14
Estimation of 30 m land surface temperatures over the entire Tibetan Plateau based on Landsat-7 ETM+ data and machine learning methods	14
A fully automatic and high-accuracy surface water mapping framework on Google Earth Engine using Landsat time-series	14
Anomalous behaviour detection using one-class support vector machine and remote sensing images: a case study of algal bloom occurrence in inland waters	14
Health assessment of plantations based on LiDAR canopy spatial structure parameters	13
Exploring spatiotemporal patterns of geosocial media data for urban functional zone identification	13
Hyperspectral anomaly detection: a performance comparison of existing techniques	13
Drones, virtual reality, and modeling: communicating catastrophic dam failure	13
Measuring user preferences and behaviour in a topographic immersive virtual environment (TopoIVE) of 2D and 3D urban topographic data	13
Using deep learning in an embedded system for real-time target detection based on images from an unmanned aerial vehicle: vehicle detection as a case study	13
Differentiated effects of morphological and functional polycentric urban spatial structure on carbon emissions in China: an empirical analysis from remotely sensed nighttime light approach	13
An integrated neural network method for landslide susceptibility assessment based on time-series InSAR deformation dynamic features	13
Spatiotemporal dynamics and forecasting of ecological security pattern under the consideration of protecting habitat: a case study of the Poyang Lake ecoregion	13
Sponet: solve spatial optimization problem using deep reinforcement learning for urban spatial decision analysis	12
Geographic context-aware text mining: enhance social media message classification for situational awareness by integrating spatial and temporal features	12

Literary placemaking and narrative immersion in extended reality virtual geographic environments	12
Versioned geoscientific workflow for the collaborative geo-simulation of human-nature interactions – a case study of global change and human activities	12
An efficient built-up land expansion model using a modified U-Net	12
Revealing the linguistic and geographical disparities of public awareness to Covid-19 outbreak through social media	11
A user perspective on future cloud-based services for Big Earth data	11
Towards understanding the environmental and climatic changes and its contribution to the spread of wildfires in Ghana using remote sensing tools and machine learning (Google Earth Engine)	11
From unstructured texts to semantic story maps	11
A container-based approach for sharing environmental models as web services	11
Mapping of lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 2016 to 2021: trend and potential regularity	11
Spatial prediction of sparse events using a discrete global grid system; a case study of hate crimes in the USA	11
Ground infrastructure monitoring in coastal areas using time-series inSAR technology: the case study of Pudong International Airport, Shanghai	11
Combining PlanetScope and Sentinel-2 images with environmental data for improved wheat yield estimation	11
Remote sensing-based deformation monitoring of pagodas at the Bagan cultural heritage site, Myanmar	11
Strategies in training deep learning models to extract building from multisource images with small training sample sizes	11
Synthesis of the ICESat/ICESat-2 and CryoSat-2 observations to reconstruct time series of lake level	11
Integrated representation of geospatial data, model, and knowledge for digital twin railway	11
Time-lagged and cumulative effects of drought and anthropogenic activities on China's vegetation greening from 1990 to 2018	11
Power outage and environmental justice in Winter Storm Uri: an analytical workflow based on nighttime light remote sensing	10
A volumetric change detection framework using UAV oblique photogrammetry – a case study of ultra-high-resolution monitoring of progressive building collapse	10
A data fusion-based framework to integrate multi-source VGI in an authoritative land use database	10
Evaluation and spatio-temporal analysis of surface energy flux in permafrost regions over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Arctic using CMIP6 models	10
Exploring tourist spatiotemporal behavior differences and tourism infrastructure supply–demand pattern fusing social media and nighttime light remote sensing data	10
Reliability and consistency assessment of land cover products at macro and local scales in typical cities	10
Bridge detection method for HSRRSIs based on YOLOv5 with a decoupled head	10
Evapotranspiration estimation using SEBAL algorithm integrated with remote sensing and experimental methods	10
A novel fine-resolution snow depth retrieval model to reveal detailed spatiotemporal patterns of snow cover in Northeast China	10
A rule-based semi-automatic method to map burned areas in Mediterranean using Landsat images – revisited and improved	10
Evaluation of satellite land surface albedo products over China using ground-measurements	10
Personalized tourist route recommendation model with a trajectory understanding via neural networks	10
Street network patterns for mitigating urban heat islands in arid climates	10
A study of the temporal and spatial variations in the suitability of the environment in Chinese cities for tourism and in strategies for optimizing the environment	10
Quantitative prediction and evaluation of geothermal resource areas in the southwest section of the Mid-Spine Belt of Beautiful China	10
Drainage pattern recognition method considering local basin shape based on graph neural network	10
Monitoring nonlinear and fast deformation caused by underground mining exploitation using multi-temporal Sentinel-1 radar interferometry and corner reflectors: application, validation and processing o	9
Construction of a refined population analysis unit based on urban forms and population aggregation patterns	9
Digital mapping of soil phosphorous sorption parameters (PSPs) using environmental variables and machine learning algorithms	9
Crop classification based on the spectrotemporal signature derived from vegetation indices and accumulated temperature	9
Identifying urban functional zones by capturing multi-spatial distribution patterns of points of interest	9
Segmentation of the communication tower and its accessory equipment based on geometrical shape context from 3D point cloud	9
Spatiotemporal dynamics of population density in China using nighttime light and geographic weighted regression method*	9
An unsupervised heterogeneous change detection method based on image translation network and post-processing algorithm	9
Global degradation trends of grassland and their driving factors since 2000	9
A robust discretization method of factor screening for landslide susceptibility mapping using convolution neural network, random forest, and logistic regression models	9
Evaluating the impact of urban morphology on urban vitality: an exploratory study using big geo-data	9
Combination of super-resolution reconstruction and SGA-Net for marsh vegetation mapping using multi-resolution multispectral and hyperspectral images	9
GMTS: GNN-based multi-scale transformer siamese network for remote sensing building change detection	9
Geoscience model service integrated workflow for rainstorm waterlogging analysis	9
Decomposing and mapping different scales of land subsidence over Shanghai with X- and C-Band SAR data stacks	9
Antarctic-wide annual ice flow maps from Landsat 8 imagery between 2013 and 2019	8
Urban restaurants and online food delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic: a spatial and socio-demographic analysis	8
A review and comparison of surface incident shortwave radiation from multiple data sources: satellite retrievals, reanalysis data and GCM simulations	8
Identifying urban land use social functional units: a case study using OSM data	8
Landform classification based on landform geospatial structure – a case study on Loess Plateau of China	8
Greenhouse area detection in Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi, China: spatio-temporal change and suitability classification	8
Understanding temporal stability: a long-term analysis of USDA ARS watersheds	8
Open data in spatial data infrastructure: the practices and experiences of Poland	8
The future of global land change monitoring	8
Mapping soil organic matter content using Sentinel-2 synthetic images at different time intervals in Northeast China	8
An optimized hexagonal quadtree encoding and operation scheme for icosahedral hexagonal discrete global grid systems	8
An attention-based deep learning model for citywide traffic flow forecasting	8
Estimation of total water storage changes in India	8
Processes and events in the centre: a dynamic data model for representing spatial change	8
Assessing the active-passive approach at variant incidence angles for microwave brightness temperature downscaling	8
Fine scale optical remote sensing experiment of mixed stand over complex terrain (FOREST) in the Genhe Reserve Area: objective, observation and a case study	8
Routeview: an intelligent route planning system for ships sailing through Arctic ice zones based on big Earth data	8
Three-dimensional virtual representation for the whole process of dam-break floods from a geospatial storytelling perspective	8
Estimating PM 2.5 concentrations in a central region of China using a three-stage model	7
A comparison of three surface roughness characterization techniques: photogrammetry, pin profiler, and smartphone-based LiDAR	7
Machine learning-based prediction of sand and dust storm sources in arid Central Asia	7
Marine aquaculture mapping using GF-1 WFV satellite images and full resolution cascade convolutional neural network	7
Vegetation ecological benefits index (VEBI): a 3D spatial model for evaluating the ecological benefits of vegetation	7
Integration of Landsat time-series vegetation indices improves consistency of change detection	7
A real 3D scene rendering optimization method based on region of interest and viewing frustum prediction in virtual reality	7
Governance interactions of spatial data infrastructures: an agent-based modelling approach	7
A point cloud segmentation method for power lines and towers based on a combination of multiscale density features and point-based deep learning	7
How to derive a geovisualization from an application data model: an approach based on Semantic Web technologies	7
The decrease of salinity in lakes on the Tibetan Plateau between 2000 and 2019 based on remote sensing model inversions	7
A lightweight distillation CNN-transformer architecture for remote sensing image super-resolution	7
DSFA: cross-scene domain style and feature adaptation for landslide detection from high spatial resolution images	7
Processes and events in the center: a taxi trajectory-based approach to detecting traffic congestion and analyzing its causes	7

A framework on task configuration and execution for distributed geographical simulation	7
Advances in spatiotemporal graph neural network prediction research	7
Variation of water body in Dongting Lake from in situ measurements and MODIS observations in recent decades	7
MDvT: introducing mobile three-dimensional convolution to a vision transformer for hyperspectral image classification	7
To move or stay? A cellular automata model to predict urban growth in coastal regions amidst rising sea levels	7
Understanding root-zone soil moisture in agricultural regions of Central Mexico using the ensemble Kalman filter, satellite-derived information, and the THEXMEX-18 dataset	7
Semantic segmentation for remote sensing images based on an AD-HRNet model	7
Long-term dynamics of peak photosynthesis timing and environmental controls in the Tibetan Plateau monitored by satellite solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence	7
Monitoring water color anomaly of lakes based on an integrated method using Landsat-8 OLI images	7
An autoencoder-based model for forest disturbance detection using Landsat time series data	7
Evaluation of GOFP over four forest plots using RAMI and UAV measurements	7
Automatic selection of permanent scatterers-based GCPs for refinement and reflattening in InSAR DEM generation	7
Vertical accuracy assessment of freely available global DEMs (FABDEM, Copernicus DEM, NASADEM, AW3D30 and SRTM) in flood-prone environments	7
Optimizing segmented trajectory data storage with HBase for improved spatio-temporal query efficiency	7
Input database related uncertainty of Biome-BGCMuSo agro-environmental model outputs	7
Winter wheat leaf area index inversion by the genetic algorithms neural network model based on SAR data	7
The impact of gradient expansion of urban–rural construction land on landscape fragmentation in typical mountain cities, China	7
A multi-layer modelling approach for mining versatile ports of a global maritime transportation network	7
High-resolution spatio-temporal analysis of snowmelt over Antarctic Peninsula ice shelves from 2015 to 2021 using SAR images	7
Mapping the spatio-temporal visibility of global navigation satellites in the urban road areas based on panoramic imagery	7
Operational continental-scale land cover mapping of Australia using the Open Data Cube	6
Spatiotemporal variations in surface albedo during the ablation season and linkages with the annual mass balance on Muz Taw Glacier, Altai Mountains	6
Leveraging machine learning and open-source spatial datasets to enhance flood susceptibility mapping in transboundary river basin	6
Remote sensing experiments for earth system science	6
Mapping high-resolution surface shortwave radiation over East Asia with the new generation geostationary meteorological satellite Himawari-8	6
Mapping the spatial and temporal patterns of fallow land in mountainous regions of China	6
A new vegetation index combination for leaf carotenoid-to-chlorophyll ratio: minimizing the effect of their correlation	6
A review of remote sensing image segmentation by deep learning methods	6
Dense 3D surface reconstruction of large-scale streetscape from vehicle-borne imagery and LiDAR	6
i4Ocean: transfer function-based interactive visualization of ocean temperature and salinity volume data	6
An investigation on microwave transmissivity at frequencies of 18.7 and 36.5 GHz for diverse forest types during snow season	6
Estimating high-spatial resolution surface daily longwave radiation from the instantaneous Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) longwave radiation product	6
Urban growth dynamics and expansion forms in 11 Tanzanian cities from 1990 to 2020	6
Light from space illuminating the polar silk road	6
A new method for the extraction of tailing ponds from very high-resolution remotely sensed images: PSVED	6
A new multi-source remote sensing image sample dataset with high resolution for flood area extraction: GF-FloodNet	6
Analysis of the future trends of typical mountain glacier movements along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway based on ConvGRU network	6
Assessing and predicting changes of ecosystem service values in response to land use/land cover dynamics in Ibb City, Yemen: a three-decade analysis and future outlook	6
Precision silviculture: use of UAVs and comparison of deep learning models for the identification and segmentation of tree crowns in pine crops	6
Construction of rhombic triacontahedron discrete global grid systems	6
Space-associated domain adaptation for three-dimensional mineral prospectivity modeling	6
Monitoring forest dynamics in Africa during 2000–2020 using a remotely sensed fractional tree cover dataset	6
Absolute radiometric calibration evaluation of the thermal infrared spectrometer onboard SDGSAT-1	6
Enhanced urban functional land use map with free and open-source data	6
Expert perspectives on GIS use in Spanish geographic education	6
Normalization of VIIRS DNB images for improved estimation of socioeconomic indicators	6
Aesthetic style transferring method based on deep neural network between Chinese landscape painting and classical private garden’s virtual scenario	6
iTourSPOT: a context-aware framework for next POI recommendation in location-based social networks	6
A hybrid model for high spatial and temporal resolution population distribution prediction	6
Mining hourly population dynamics by activity type based on decomposition of sequential snapshot data	5
A high-precision image classification network model based on a voting mechanism	5
Evaluation of MODIS-Landsat and AVHRR-Landsat NDVI data fusion using a single pair base reference image: a case study in a tropical upstream catchment on Java, Indonesia	5
Generation of a 16 m/10-day fractional vegetation cover product over China based on Chinese GaoFen-1 observations: method and validation	5
Reopen schools safely: simulating COVID-19 transmission on campus with a contact network agent-based model	5
Improving social media use for disaster resilience: challenges and strategies	5
GPT, large language models (LLMs) and generative artificial intelligence (GAI) models in geospatial science: a systematic review	5
Significant discrepancies of land surface daily net radiation among ten remotely sensed and reanalysis products	5
Deep reinforcement learning and 3D physical environments applied to crowd evacuation in congested scenarios	5
A generalized framework for agricultural field delineation from high-resolution satellite imageries	5
A graph autoencoder network to measure the geometric similarity of drainage networks in scaling transformation	5
Retrieval and validation of long-term aerosol optical depth from AVHRR data over China	5
MSCANet: multiscale context information aggregation network for Tibetan Plateau lake extraction from remote sensing images	5
Spatiotemporal patterns of precipitation based on the Bayesian maximum entropy method in a typical catchment of the Heihe River watershed, northwest China	5
MDC-Net: a multi-directional constrained and prior assisted neural network for wood and leaf separation from terrestrial laser scanning	5
Automatic extraction and reconstruction of a 3D wireframe of an indoor scene from semantic point clouds	5
Investigating the seasonal dynamics of surface water over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau using Sentinel-1 imagery and a novel gated multiscale ConvNet	5
Impacts of heterogeneous CO2 on water and carbon fluxes across the global land surface	5
A knowledge-based approach for estimating the distribution of urban mixed land use	5
A new denoising method for photon-counting LiDAR data with different surface types and observation conditions	5
Capacitating local governments for the digital earth vision: lessons learnt from the role of municipalities in the South African spatial data infrastructure	5
The methodology of determining optimum access routes to remote areas for the purposes of crisis management	5
Spatiotemporal variation of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms in China based on literature and media information	5
Toward a comprehensive understanding of eye-level urban greenness: a systematic review	5
Correlation and interaction between temperature and freeze-thaw in representative regions of Antarctica	5
An improved coverage-oriented retrieval algorithm for large-area remote sensing data	5
Multi-scale hydrological system-of-systems realized through WHOS: the brokering framework	5
Enhancing building pattern recognition through multi-scale data and knowledge graph: a case study of C-shaped patterns	5
Debris flow susceptibility mapping in mountainous area based on multi-source data fusion and CNN model – taking Nujiang Prefecture, China as an example	5
Performances of six reanalysis profile products in the atmospheric correction of passive microwave data for estimating land surface temperature under cloudy-sky conditions	5
Integrated data-model-knowledge representation for natural resource entities	4
Rapid mass losses of Urumqi River Basin glaciers, eastern Tianshan Mountains revealed from multi-temporal DEMs, 1964–2021	4
Spatiotemporal analysis of the impact of urban landscape forms on PM 2.5 in China from 2001 to 2020	4
Integrating remote sensing temporal trajectory and survey statistics to update land use/land cover maps	4
HyperRefiner: a refined hyperspectral pansharpening network based on the autoencoder and self-attention	4
Evaluation of temporal compositing algorithms for annual land cover classification using Landsat time series data	4
Virtual earth cloud: a multi-cloud framework for enabling geosciences digital ecosystems	4
GACP: graph neural networks with ARMA filters and a parallel CNN for hyperspectral image classification	4
An automatic procedure for generating burn severity maps from the satellite images-derived spectral indices	4
A locally explained heterogeneity model for examining wetland disparity	4
High-resolution global mature and young oil palm plantation subclass maps for 2020	4
Generation of global 1-km daily top-of-atmosphere outgoing longwave radiation product from 2000 to 2021 using machine learning	4
Multi-class change detection of remote sensing images based on class rebalancing	4
A novel spectral index for mapping blue colour-coated steel roofs (BCCSRs) in urban areas using Sentinel-2 data	4
Spatial data trusts: an emerging governance framework for sharing spatial data	4
Evaluation of stereology for snow microstructure measurement and microwave emission modeling: a case study	4