International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Article	Citations
Review on CO2 capture by blended amine solutions	127
CO2-EOR in China: A comparative review	107
The cost of CO2 transport and storage in global integrated assessment modeling	106
Beyond 90% capture: Possible, but at what cost?	105
Towards improved cost evaluation of Carbon Capture and Storage from industry	93
Towards a predictor for CO2 plume migration using deep neural networks	58
A review of degradation and emissions in post-combustion CO2 capture pilot plants	58
Carbon dioxide capture, transport and storage supply chains: Optimal economic and environmental performance of infrastructure rollout	55
CO2 storage potential in major oil and gas reservoirs in the northern South China Sea	55
Techno-economic analysis of integrated hydrogen and methanol production process by CO2 hydrogenation	54
A review - The development of hollow fibre membranes for gas separation processes	52
Geochemical reactions and their effect on CO2 storage efficiency during the whole process of CO2 EOR and subsequent storage	52
Advancements in ship-based carbon capture technology on board of LNG-fuelled ships	51
Energy assessments of onboard CO2 capture from ship engines by MEA-based post combustion capture system with flue gas heat integration	48
Numerical investigations of foam-assisted CO2 storage in saline aquifers	48
Simulation of CO2 mineral trapping and permeability alteration in fractured basalt: Implications for geologic carbon sequestration in mafic reservoirs	46
Influence of anisotropic and heterogeneous permeability coupled with in-situ stress on CO2 sequestration with simultaneous enhanced gas recovery in shale: Quantitative modeling and case study	45
Practical approaches to study microbially induced calcite precipitation at the field scale	45
A review of potential routes to zero and negative emission technologies via the integration of renewable energies with CO2 capture processes	45
Reducing the energy efficiency design index for ships through a post-combustion carbon capture process	43
Carbon capture and storage and the sustainable development goals	43
Carbfix 2: A transport model of long-term CO2 and H2S injection into basaltic rocks at Hellisheidi, SW-Iceland	43
Novel methodology for EEDI calculation considering onboard carbon capture and storage system	43
Life cycle assessment of carbon capture and storage/utilization: From current state to future research directions and opportunities	42
Towards improved monitoring of offshore carbon storage: A real-world field experiment detecting a controlled sub-seafloor CO2 release	42

Surface wettability alteration of shales exposed to CO2: Implication for long-term integrity of geological storage sites	42
Effect of CO2-brine-rock reactions on pore architecture and permeability in dolostone: Implications for CO2 storage and EOR	41
A deep learning-accelerated data assimilation and forecasting workflow for commercial-scale geologic carbon storage	40
A systematic capacity assessment and classification of geologic CO2 storage systems in India	40
Numerical modelling of long-term CO2 storage mechanisms in saline aquifers using the Sleipner benchmark dataset	40
Deep-learning-based coupled flow-geomechanics surrogate model for CO2 sequestration	39
Synergistic mechanisms of steelmaking slag coupled with carbide slag for CO2 mineralization	38
A review of research facilities, pilot and commercial plants for solvent-based post-combustion CO2 capture: Packed bed, phase-change and rotating processes	38
Thermodynamic challenges for CO2 pipelines design: A critical review on the effects of impurities, water content, and low temperature	37
Physical solvents and techno-economic analysis for pre-combustion CO2 capture: A review	37
Influence of supercritical CO2-H2O-caprock interactions on the sealing capability of deep coal seam caprocks related to CO2 geological storage: A case study of the silty mudstone caprock of coal seam	34
Geologic CO2 Storage Optimization under Geomechanical Risk Using Coupled-Physics Models	34
Performance of an amine-based CO2 capture pilot plant at the Fortum Oslo Varme Waste to Energy plant in Oslo, Norway	33
Process optimization of a fixed bed reactor system for direct air capture	33
Long-term integrity of shaly seals in CO2 geo-sequestration sites: An experimental study	32
CO2 Storage in deep saline aquifers: impacts of fractures on hydrodynamic trapping	32
Basalt-CO2-brine wettability at storage conditions in basaltic formations	32
Techno-economic comparison of various process configurations for post-combustion carbon capture using a single-component water-lean solvent	32
Influence of reservoir-scale heterogeneities on the growth, evolution and migration of a CO2 plume at the Sleipner Field, Norwegian North Sea	31
Field-scale fault reactivation experiments by fluid injection highlight aseismic leakage in caprock analogs: Implications for CO2 sequestration	31
ALIGN-CCUS: Results of the 18-month test with aqueous AMP/PZ solvent at the pilot plant at Niederaussem – solvent management, emissions and dynamic behavior	30
Zero- and negative-emissions fossil-fired power plants using CO2 capture by conventional aqueous amines	29
Effect of geological heterogeneities on reservoir storage capacity and migration of CO2 plume in a deep saline fractured carbonate aquifer	29
Pore-scale characterization of carbon dioxide storage at immiscible and near-miscible conditions in altered-wettability reservoir rocks	29
Life cycle assessment of amine-based versus ammonia-based post combustion CO2 capture in coal-fired power plants	29
A techno-economic assessment of CO2 capture in biomass and waste-fired combined heat and power plants – A Swedish case study	29
Experimental and simulation investigations of carbon storage associated with CO2 EOR in low-permeability reservoir	29
A comprehensive framework for feasibility of CCUS deployment: A meta-review of literature on factors impacting CCUS deployment	28
Technology development and applications of artificial intelligence for post-combustion carbon dioxide capture: Critical literature review and perspectives	28
Seismic monitoring of a small CO2 injection using a multi-well DAS array: Operations and initial results of Stage 3 of the CO2CRC Otway project	28
CO2 – brine – sandstone wettability evaluation at reservoir conditions via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance measurements	28
An automated system for continuous monitoring of CO2 geosequestration using multi-well offset VSP with permanent seismic sources and receivers: Stage 3 of the CO2CRC Otway Project	27
An investigation on the solvent based carbon capture and storage system by process modeling and comparisons with another carbon control methods for different ships	27
Review of CO2 capture in construction-related industry and their utilization	27
Potential applications for geopolymers in carbon capture and storage	27
The subsurface carbonation potential of basaltic rocks from the Jizan region of Southwest Saudi Arabia	27
Acoustic and optical determination of bubble size distributions – Quantification of seabed gas emissions	27
Understanding contrasting narratives on carbon dioxide capture and storage for Dutch industry using system dynamics	26
Integrated assessment projections for the impact of innovation on CCS deployment in Europe	26
CO2 storage monitoring based on time-lapse seismic data via deep learning	26
Normal or abnormal? Machine learning for the leakage detection in carbon sequestration projects using pressure field data	25
Hybrid – Slurry/Nanofluid systems as alternative to conventional chemical absorption for carbon dioxide capture: A review	25
Quantification of CO2 uptake by enhanced weathering of silicate minerals applied to acidic soils	24
Impact of CO2 leakage from sub-seabed carbon dioxide storage on sediment and porewater geochemistry	24
Role of 1-methylimidazole in regulating the CO2 capture performance of triethylenetetramine-based biphasic solvents	24
Enhancing CO2 storage capacity and containment security of basaltic formation using silica nanofluids	24
Time-lapse imaging of CO2 migration within near-surface sediments during a controlled sub-seabed release experiment	24
Comparison of microwave and conventional heating for CO2 desorption from zeolite 13X	24
Impact of reservoir parameters and wellbore permeability uncertainties on CO2 and brine leakage potential at the Shenhua CO2 Storage Site, China	23
A tool for first order estimates and optimisation of dynamic storage resource capacity in saline aquifers	23

Experimental assessment of the hydro-mechanical behaviour of a shale caprock during CO2 injection	23
Decarbonising steel production using CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS): Results of focus group discussions in a Welsh steel-making community	23
Coupled multiphase flow and transport simulation to model CO2 dissolution and local capillary trapping in permeability and capillary heterogeneous reservoir	23
CCS industrial clusters: Building a social license to operate	23
Direct measurement of CO2 drawdown in mine wastes and rock powders: Implications for enhanced rock weathering	23
Sensitivity of geophysical techniques for monitoring secondary CO2 storage plumes	23
A review of mineral carbonation by alkaline solidwaste	23
Application of “coordinative effect” into tri-solvent MEA+BEA+AMP blends at concentrations of 0.1 + 2 + 2∼0.5 + 2 + 2 mol/L with absorption, desorption and mass transfer analyses	22
A strategic framework for commercialization of carbon capture, geological utilization, and storage technology in China	22
Graphene nanoplatelets based polyimide/Pebax dual-layer mixed matrix hollow fiber membranes for CO2/CH4 and He/N2 separations	21
Supercritical CO2 sequestration and enhanced gas recovery in tight gas reservoirs: Feasibility and factors that influence efficiency	21
Modelling CO2 plume spreading in highly heterogeneous rocks with anisotropic, rate-dependent saturation functions: A field-data based numeric simulation study of Otway	21
Optimization and assessment of carbon capture, transport and storage supply chains for industrial sectors: The cost of resilience	21
Thermoeconomic evaluation of double-reheat coal-fired power units with carbon capture and storage and waste heat recovery using organic Rankine cycle	21
Relative Permeability Hysteresis and Capillary Trapping during CO2 EOR and Sequestration	21
Enhancing the realism of decarbonisation scenarios with practicable regional constraints on CO2 storage capacity	21
Potentials of the public engagement strategy for public acceptance and social license to operate: Case study of Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage Gundih Pilot Project in Indonesia	21
Research on CCUS business model and policy incentives for coal-fired power plants in China	21
Enhancing the CO2 capture efficiency of amines by microgel particles	20
Life cycle assessment of methanol production by a carbon capture and utilization technology applied to steel mill gases	20
Geological storage potential of CO2 emissions for China’s coal-fired power plants: A city-level analysis	20
Synchrotron-based pore-network modeling of two-phase flow in Nubian Sandstone and implications for capillary trapping of carbon dioxide	20
Salt precipitation due to supercritical gas injection: II. Capillary transport in multi porosity rocks	20
Numerical investigation of 660 MW pulverized coal-fired supercritical power plant retrofitted to oxy-coal combustion	20
Techno-economic optimization and off-design analysis of CO2 purification units for cement plants with oxyfuel-based CO2 capture	20
Mineralization potential of water-dissolved CO2 and H2S injected into basalts as function of temperature: Freshwater versus Seawater	20
A pre-injection assessment of CO2 and H2S mineralization reactions at the Nesjavellir (Iceland) geothermal storage site	20
Quest CCS facility: Time-lapse seismic campaigns	20
Evaluation of shear slip stress transfer mechanism for induced microseismicity at In Salah CO2 storage site	19
Techno-economic assessment of post-combustion CO2 capture using aqueous piperazine at different flue gas compositions and flowrates via a general optimization methodology	19
Optimal design of European supply chains for carbon capture and storage from industrial emission sources including pipe and ship transport	19
A Review of Well Integrity Based on Field Experience at Carbon Utilization and Storage Sites	19
Effect of fines migration and mineral reactions on CO2-water drainage relative permeability	19
Prediction of high-pressure adsorption of CH4 and CO2 in shale	19
Development of the solid sorbent technology for post combustion CO2 capture towards commercial prototype	19
Evaluation of carbon dioxide geological sequestration potential in coal mining area	19
Impact of microbial-rock-CO2 interactions on containment and storage security of supercritical CO2 in carbonates	19
Optimization of MIL-178(Fe) and Pebax® 3533 loading in mixed matrix membranes for CO2 capture	18
Convective-reactive transport of dissolved CO2 in fractured-geological formations	18
CO2 storage potential of offshore oil and gas fields in Brazil	18
Techno-economic assessment of an industrial carbon capture hub sharing a cement rotary kiln as sorbent regenerator	18
Impact of clays on CO2 adsorption and enhanced gas recovery in sandstone reservoirs	18
Mechanism study on CO2 capture by ionic liquids made from TFA blended with MEA and MDEA	18
Linking CO2 capture and pipeline transportation: sensitivity analysis and dynamic study of the compression train	18
A techno-economic assessment of carbon-sequestration tax incentives in the U.S. power sector	18
The CO2 desorption analysis of tri-solvent MEA+BEA+DEEA with several commercial solid acid catalysts	18
Top seal assessment of Drake Formation shales for CO2 storage in the Horda Platform area, offshore Norway	17
A part-load analysis and control strategies for the Graz Cycle	17
Optimal design and cost of ship-based CO2 transport under uncertainties and fluctuations	17
Suitability analysis and revised strategies for marine environmental carbon capture and storage (CCS) monitoring	17
The investigation of gas trapping and relative permeability alteration during optimization of CO2-EOR and sequestration	17
Pilot plant results with the piperazine advanced stripper at NGCC conditions	17
CO2 storage guidelines and the science of monitoring: Achieving project success under the California Low Carbon Fuel Standard CCS Protocol and other global regulations	17
Carbonation-induced properties of alkali-activated cement exposed to saturated and supercritical CO2	17
Basalt powder as a supplementary cementitious material in cement paste for CCS wells: chemical and mechanical resistance of cement formulations for CO2 geological storage sites	17
Probabilistic analysis of Vette fault stability in potential CO2 storage site Smeaheia, offshore Norway	17
Intrinsic insight of energy-efficiency optimization for CO2 capture by amine-based solvent: effect of mass transfer and solvent regeneration	17
Quest CCS facility: Halite damage and injectivity remediation in CO2 injection wells	17
Integrating oxy-fuel combustion and power-to-gas in the cement industry: A process modeling and simulation study	17
Ureolysis-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (UICP) in the presence of CO2-affected brine: A field demonstration	17
Experimental analysis of CO2 frost front behaviour in moving packed beds for cryogenic CO2 capture	16
Novel bio-polymer based membranes for CO2/CH4 separation	16
Characteristics of carbon dioxide desorption from MEA-based organic solvent absorbents	16
Environmental impacts of carbon capture, transport, and storage supply chains: Status and the way forward	16
The case for global regulation of carbon capture and storage and artificial intelligence for climate change	16
Laboratory studies on CO2-brine-rock interaction: an analysis of research trends and current knowledge	16
Quantification of a subsea CO2 release with lab-on-chip sensors measuring benthic gradients	16
Multiscale characterisation of chimneys/pipes: Fluid escape structures within sedimentary basins	16
Oxy-fuel combustion of pulverized coal in an industrial boiler with a tangentially fired furnace	16
Assessment of oil and gas fields in California as potential CO2 storage sites	16
Applying intelligent approaches to estimate the removal efficiency of heat stable salts from lean amine via electrodialysis	16
Assessment of CO2 geological storage capacity of saline aquifers under the North Sea	16
Leakage hazard distance of supercritical CO2 pipelines through experimental and numerical studies	16
Shape design and safety evaluation of salt caverns for CO2 storage in northeast Thailand	16
Capital cost estimation of CO2 capture plant using Enhanced Detailed Factor (EDF) method: Installation factors and plant construction characteristic factors	16
Development of lean, efficient, and fast physics-framed deep-learning-based proxy models for subsurface carbon storage	16
Materials challenges with CO2 transport and injection for carbon capture and storage	16
Assessment of CO2 capture efficiency in packed bed versus 3D-printed monolith reactors for SEWGS using CFD modeling	16
Dynamics of dissolution trapping in geological carbon storage	16
CO2 storage algorithms involving the hybrid geological reservoir of the Irati Formation, Parana Basin	15

3D-printing of adsorbents for increased productivity in carbon capture applications (3D-CAPS)	15
CO2 storage potential in sedimentary basins of Kazakhstan	15
Harmonized comparison of virgin steel production using biomass with carbon capture and storage for negative emissions	15
Field-scale impacts of long-term wettability alteration in geological CO2	15
Efficient CO2 capture from lime production by an indirectly heated carbonate looping process	15
CO2 electroreduction: Sustainability analysis of the renewable synthetic natural gas	15
The role and value of inter-seasonal grid-scale energy storage in net zero electricity systems	15
Revisiting field estimates for carbon dioxide storage in depleted shale gas reservoirs: The role of geomechanics	15
Utility of natural and artificial geochemical tracers for leakage monitoring and quantification during an offshore controlled CO2 release experiment	15
Potential of CO2-enhanced oil recovery coupled with carbon capture and storage in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in the UAE	15
Regional opportunities for CO2 capture and storage in Southeast Asia	15
Rates of atmospheric CO2 capture using magnesium oxide powder	15
Prediction of coal wettability using machine learning for the application of CO2 sequestration	15
Kinetic insight on CO2 hydrate formation and dissociation in quartz sand in presence of brine	15
Sealing capability of the Eocene–Miocene Horda and Lark formations of the Nini West depleted oil field – implications for safe CO2 storage in the North Sea	15
Pore-scale bubble population dynamics of CO2-foam at reservoir pressure	14
Combined Impact of Salt Precipitation and Fines Migration on CO2 Injectivity Impairment	14
Studies on the influence of moisture on the sorption and structural properties of hard coals	14
A comprehensive techno-eco-assessment of CO2 enhanced oil recovery projects using a machine-learning assisted workflow	14
Competitive adsorption between CO2 and CH4 in tight sandstone and its influence on CO2-injection enhanced gas recovery (EGR)	14
Carbon capture, utilisation and storage: Incentives, effects and policy	14
Induced-seismicity geomechanics for controlled CO2 storage in the North Sea (IGCCS)	14
Water column baseline assessment for offshore Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) sites: Analysis of field data from the Goldeneye storage complex area	14
Practical leakage risk assessment for CO2 assisted enhanced oil recovery and geologic storage in Ohio's depleted oil fields	14
Inference of Rock Flow and Mechanical Properties from Injection-Induced Microseismic Events During Geologic CO2 Storage	14
Integrated Calcium Looping System with Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactors for Low CO2 Emission Cement Plants	14
Low carbon policy and market mechanisms to enable carbon capture and storage and decarbonisation in Australia	14
Composite confining systems: Rethinking geologic seals for permanent CO2 sequestration	14
Storage Readiness Levels: communicating the maturity of site technical understanding, permitting and planning needed for storage operations using CO2	14
Combined geophysical and rock physics workflow for quantitative CO2 monitoring	14
Carbon dioxide capture using water-imidazolium ionic liquids-amines ternary systems	14
Mixed matrix membranes containing composite nanosheets with three-dimensional nanopores for efficient CO2 separation	13
Detecting and mapping a CO2 plume with novel autonomous pH sensors on an underwater vehicle	13
CO2 mobility control improvement using N2-foam at high pressure and high temperature conditions	13
Detection and quantification of CO2 seepage in seawater using the stoichiometric Cseep method: Results from a recent subsea CO2 release experiment in the North Sea	13
Interaction of super-critical CO2 with mudrocks: Impact on composition and mechanical properties	13
Simulated CO2 storage efficiency factors for saline formations of various lithologies and depositional environments using new experimental relative permeability data	13
An improved procedure for sub-core property characterization using data from multiple coreflooding experiments	13
Optimisation of post-combustion carbon dioxide capture by use of a fixed site carrier membrane	13
Pore scale modeling and evaluation of clogging behavior of salt crystal aggregates in CO2-rich phase during carbon storage	13
Effect of H2O on absorption performance of tetraethylenepentamine-ethanol-CO2 two-phase absorbent and its mechanism	13
Improvement in CO2 geo-sequestration in saline aquifers by viscosification: From molecular scale to core scale	13
Experimental results of amine emission from the CO2 capture process using 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) with piperazine (PZ)	13
Machine learning to discover mineral trapping signatures due to CO2 injection	13
Estimating the net costs of brine production and disposal to expand pressure-limited dynamic capacity for basin-scale CO2 storage in a saline formation	13
A numerical modelling study to support design of an in-situ CO2 injection test facility using horizontal injection well in a shallow-depth coal seam	13
Experimental based CO2 transport specification ensuring material integrity	13
Water wettability alternation of CO2-water-shale system due to nanoparticles: Implications for CO2 geo-storage	13
Skin factor and potential formation damage from chemical and mechanical processes in a naturally fractured carbonate aquifer with implications to CO2 sequestration	13
The impact of heterogeneity on the capillary trapping of CO2	13
Mechanistic analysis of post-combustion CO2 capture performance during amine degradation	13
Seismic monitoring of CO2 geosequestration using multi-well 4D DAS VSP: Stage 3 of the CO2CRC Otway project	13
Efficient heat integration of industrial CO2 capture and district heating supply	13
Application of CCUS in India: Designing a CO2 EOR and storage pilot in a mature field	13
Mathematical modeling of CO2 separation using different diameter hollow fiber membranes	13
Volatility of 2-(diethylamino)-ethanol and 2-((2-aminoethyl) amino) ethanol, a biphasic solvent for CO2 capture	13
Evaluation of MBTSA technology for CO2 capture from waste-to-energy plants	13
Aquifer-CO2 leak project: Physicochemical characterization of the CO2 leakage impact on a carbonate shallow freshwater aquifer	13
BECCS with combined heat and power: Assessing the energy penalty	13
Precipitation behavior, density, viscosity, and CO2 absorption capacity of highly concentrated ternary AMP-PZ-MEA solvents	13
The experience in the research and design of a 2 million tons/year flue gas CO2 capture project for coal-fired power plants	13
Climate change mitigation with CCUS - A case study with benchmarking for selected countries in adapting the European Union's Green Deal	12
Wellbore injectivity response to step-rate CO2 injection: Coupled thermo-poro-elastic analysis in a vertically heterogeneous formation	12
Two-stage membrane cascades for post-combustion CO2 capture using facilitated transport membranes: Importance on sequence of membrane types	12
Characterization of the in-situ stress on the Horda platform – A study from the Northern Lights Eos well	12
13C NMR study on carbamate hydrolysis reactions in aqueous amine/CO2 solutions	12
Mass transfer intensification of CO2 absorption in monoethanolamine using high frequency ultrasonic technology in continuous system	12
Selecting representative geological realizations to model subsurface	12
Design and control concept of a 1 MWth chemical looping gasifier allowing for efficient autothermal syngas production	12
Petrophysical changes of carbonate rock related to CO2 injection and sequestration	12
Defining a biogeochemical baseline for sediments at Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) sites: An example from the North Sea (Goldeneye)	12
Modeling the operational flexibility of natural gas combined cycle power plants coupled with flexible carbon capture and storage via solvent storage and flexible regeneration	12
Impact of the lower Jurassic Dunlin Group depositional elements on the Aurora CO2 storage site, EL001, northern North Sea, Norway	12
Investigation into simulating Selective Exhaust Gas Recirculation and varying Pressurized Hot Water temperature on the performance of the Pilot-scale Advanced CO2 Capture Plant with 40 wt(%) MEA	12
Multi-objective optimization of CO2 enhanced oil recovery and storage processes in low permeability reservoirs	12
Analysis and evaluation of the energy saving potential of the CO2 chemical absorption process	12
Carbon dioxide capture through reaction with potassium hydroxide and reject brine: A kinetics study	12
Reservoir properties and reactivity of the Faroe Islands Basalt Group: Investigating the potential for CO2 storage in the North Atlantic Igneous Province	12
Analytical and numerical modeling for the assessment of CO2 storage in the Pariñas geological formation - Talara, Peru	12
Deep learning-accelerated 3D carbon storage reservoir pressure forecasting based on data assimilation using surface displacement from InSAR	12
Measurement and prediction of oxygen solubility in post-combustion CO2 capture solvents	12
Pilot scale testing of an advanced solvent in a 0.7 MWe post-combustion CO2 capture unit	12
Design and cost estimation of a CO2 capture plant from cement flue gas for urea production in Nepal	12
Salt precipitation in carbonates during supercritical CO2 injection: A pore-scale experimental investigation of the effects of wettability and heterogeneity	12
A multi-criteria CCUS screening evaluation of the Gulf of Mexico, USA	12
Effect of Power Plant Capacity on the CAPEX, OPEX, and LCOC of the CO2 Capture Process in Pre-Combustion Applications	12
Life cycle meta-analysis of carbon capture pathways in power plants: Implications for bioenergy with carbon capture and storage	11
Investigation of mineral trapping processes based on coherent front propagation theory: A dawsonite-rich natural CO2 reservoir as an example	11
Impact of high capture rates and solvent and emission management strategies on the costs of full-scale post-combustion CO2 capture plants using long-term pilot plant data	11
Performance evaluation of gas fraction vacuum pressure swing adsorption for CO2 capture and utilization process	11
Evaluation on water balance and amine emission in CO2 capture	11
Quantification of the turning point saturation for cross bedded CO2 storage reservoirs	11
Sediment acidification and temperature increase in an artificial CO2 vent	11
Passive acoustic localisation of undersea gas seeps using beamforming	11
Calcium looping post-combustion CO2 capture in sugarcane bagasse fuelled power plants	11