Nature Reviews Microbiology

Article	Citations
Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19	3126
SARS-CoV-2 variants, spike mutations and immune escape	2586
Coronavirus biology and replication: implications for SARS-CoV-2	1973
Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease	1962
Plant–microbiome interactions: from community assembly to plant health	1368
Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations	1088
The gut microbiota–brain axis in behaviour and brain disorders	866
Antibiotic resistance in the environment	786
Nanomaterial-based therapeutics for antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections	627
Considerations for diagnostic COVID-19 tests	552
Gut microbial metabolites as multi-kingdom intermediates	548
Infectious disease in an era of global change	514
Transmissibility and transmission of respiratory viruses	434
Biofilm dispersion	433
SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis	411
Regulation of peptidoglycan synthesis and remodelling	342
The biofilm life cycle: expanding the conceptual model of biofilm formation	331
Tolerance and resistance of microbial biofilms	325
Tackling the emerging threat of antifungal resistance to human health	320
An evolving view on biogeochemical cycling of iron	298
Bat-borne virus diversity, spillover and emergence	294
Life and death in the soil microbiome: how ecological processes influence biogeochemistry	291
The population genetics of pathogenic Escherichia coli	270
Unique and common traits in mycorrhizal symbioses	263
Mechano-bactericidal actions of nanostructured surfaces	262

Structural biology of SARS-CoV-2 and implications for therapeutic development	260
The human virome: assembly, composition and host interactions	258
The evolution of SARS-CoV-2	254
Host–microbiota interactions in immune-mediated diseases	252
Prevotella diversity, niches and interactions with the human host	250
Innovations to culturing the uncultured microbial majority	250
Pathogenesis of human cytomegalovirus in the immunocompromised host	247
Microbial volatile organic compounds in intra-kingdom and inter-kingdom interactions	235
The role of vaccines in combatting antimicrobial resistance	232
Electromicrobiology: the ecophysiology of phylogenetically diverse electroactive microorganisms	228
Tara Oceans: towards global ocean ecosystems biology	227
Diversity within species: interpreting strains in microbiomes	216
Pseudomonas aeruginosa adaptation and evolution in patients with cystic fibrosis	212
Horizontal gene transfer and adaptive evolution in bacteria	210
Bacillus subtilis biofilm formation and social interactions	209
Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance revisited	205
The stringent response and physiological roles of (pp)pGpp in bacteria	203
Ecology and genomics of Actinobacteria: new concepts for natural product discovery	192
Beyond horizontal gene transfer: the role of plasmids in bacterial evolution	191
Interactions between bacterial and phage communities in natural environments	190
Influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2: pathogenesis and host responses in the respiratory tract	189
Priority effects in microbiome assembly	182
Xanthomonas diversity, virulence and plant–pathogen interactions	182
Biology and evolution of bacterial toxin–antitoxin systems	175
The structural basis of herpesvirus entry	171
Soil microbiomes and one health	170
Antimicrobial use, drug-resistant infections and COVID-19	170
Bacterial motility: machinery and mechanisms	169
Skeletal infections: microbial pathogenesis, immunity and clinical management	168
Microbiome-based therapeutics	164
Crop microbiome and sustainable agriculture	163
Infections at the maternal–fetal interface: an overview of pathogenesis and defence	160
Reconstructing organisms in silico: genome-scale models and their emerging applications	158
SARS-CoV-2 variant biology: immune escape, transmission and fitness	156
Microbial diversity in extreme environments	155
The microbiome-shaping roles of bacteriocins	149
Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in microbiome investigations	146
The rumen microbiome: balancing food security and environmental impacts	145
Nutritional immunity: the battle for nutrient metals at the host–pathogen interface	144
Anti-tuberculosis treatment strategies and drug development: challenges and priorities	144
Bile acids and the gut microbiota: metabolic interactions and impacts on disease	141
Treatment strategies for cryptococcal infection: challenges, advances and future outlook	140
The biofilm matrix: multitasking in a shared space	139
Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in the gut microbiome	138
Examining horizontal gene transfer in microbial communities	138
Proximate and ultimate causes of the bactericidal action of antibiotics	134
Evasion of plant immunity by microbial pathogens	133
Antibiofilm activity of host defence peptides: complexity provides opportunities	130
Human papillomaviruses: diversity, infection and host interactions	130
Immune evasion and provocation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis	129

SARS-CoV-2 variant evasion of monoclonal antibodies based on in vitro studies	129
Microbial production of advanced biofuels	126
Microbial evolution and transitions along the parasite–mutualist continuum	126
Epstein–Barr virus and multiple sclerosis	123
The host-associated archaeome	121
Learning from the past: development of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines	118
Evolutionary causes and consequences of bacterial antibiotic persistence	115
Physical properties of the bacterial outer membrane	114
Formation and function of bacterial organelles	112
Interactions between Borrelia burgdorferi and ticks	110
Salmonella Typhimurium and inflammation: a pathogen-centric affair	109
Ecology and impacts of white-nose syndrome on bats	106
Ecology, evolution and spillover of coronaviruses from bats	106
When anaerobes encounter oxygen: mechanisms of oxygen toxicity, tolerance and defence	106
Resisting antimicrobial resistance	103
Staphylococcus aureus host interactions and adaptation	103
Climate change impacts on plant pathogens, food security and paths forward	102
Nanomaterials arising amid antibiotic resistance	102
Toxoplasma gondii infection and its implications within the central nervous system	102
Target protection as a key antibiotic resistance mechanism	98
The dynamic lung microbiome in health and disease	98
Architecture of bacterial respiratory chains	97
Antigenic evolution will lead to new SARS-CoV-2 variants with unpredictable severity	92
Epigenetic and epitranscriptomic regulation of viral replication	89
The marine nitrogen cycle: new developments and global change	88
Gradients and consequences of heterogeneity in biofilms	84
Monkeypox virus: a neglected zoonotic pathogen spreads globally	82
Cells within cells: Rickettsiales and the obligate intracellular bacterial lifestyle	82
Influenza lineage extinction during the COVID-19 pandemic?	82
Towards SARS-CoV-2 serotypes?	81
Trichoderma: a multipurpose, plant-beneficial microorganism for eco-sustainable agriculture	81
Structural biology of CRISPR–Cas immunity and genome editing enzymes	81
Predictive biology: modelling, understanding and harnessing microbial complexity	80
Host specificity of the gut microbiome	79
Diversity and evolution of the animal virome	78
Multimodal interactions of drugs, natural compounds and pollutants with the gut microbiota	78
Revisiting the rules of life for viruses of microorganisms	75
Composition and functions of bacterial membrane vesicles	74
The ecological roles of bacterial chemotaxis	73
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on community respiratory virus activity	72
A lasting symbiosis: how the Hawaiian bobtail squid finds and keeps its bioluminescent bacterial partner	71
The WHO fungal priority pathogens list as a game-changer	71
The LUCA and its complex virome	71
Structural insights into RNA polymerases of negative-sense RNA viruses	70
A lasting symbiosis: how Vibrio fischeri finds a squid partner and persists within its natural host	68
Microbiota succession throughout life from the cradle to the grave	68
Diverse and unified mechanisms of transcription initiation in bacteria	68
Microbially mediated metal corrosion	65
Clostridioides difficile toxins: mechanisms of action and antitoxin therapeutics	64
Viral and host heterogeneity and their effects on the viral life cycle	63
Marine biofilms: diversity, interactions and biofouling	60
Architecture of the dynamic fungal cell wall	58
Genomic and fossil windows into the secret lives of the most ancient fungi	56
The physiology and genetics of bacterial responses to antibiotic combinations	55
Physiological limitations and opportunities in microbial metabolic engineering	54
The highly diverse antiphage defence systems of bacteria	53
Optimizing antimicrobial use: challenges, advances and opportunities	52
Population bottlenecks and founder effects: implications for mosquito-borne arboviral emergence	52
Staphylococcus epidermidis and its dual lifestyle in skin health and infection	52
Microbiota-mediated colonization resistance: mechanisms and regulation	51
Anti-trypanosomatid drug discovery: progress and challenges	51
SARS-CoV-2 viral load and shedding kinetics	50
Structure and function of retroviral integrase	50
Author Correction: Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations	50
Giant virus biology and diversity in the era of genome-resolved metagenomics	49
Mutualistic interplay between bacteriophages and bacteria in the human gut	49
Interspecific hybridization as a driver of fungal evolution and adaptation	48
Alternative functions of CRISPR–Cas systems in the evolutionary arms race	47
From the soil to the clinic: the impact of microbial secondary metabolites on antibiotic tolerance and resistance	44
Type VII secretion systems: structure, functions and transport models	44
Pathogenesis, epidemiology and control of Group A Streptococcus infection	41
The National Microbiome Data Collaborative: enabling microbiome science	40
Prospects for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines in Africa	40
The gut–liver axis and gut microbiota in health and liver disease	40
Forest microbiome and global change	39
Soil viral diversity, ecology and climate change	39
Author Correction: Plant–microbiome interactions: from community assembly to plant health	39
Microbial oxidation of atmospheric trace gases	38
Lipid biomarkers: molecular tools for illuminating the history of microbial life	38
Bacterial defences: mechanisms, evolution and antimicrobial resistance	36

Lassa fever — the road ahead	34
Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus	31
Innate immune evasion strategies of SARS-CoV-2	31
Shaping bacterial gene expression by physiological and proteome allocation constraints	31
Viral genomics in Ebola virus research	30
Impact of enteric bacterial infections at and beyond the epithelial barrier	29
The biogeography of infection revisited	29
Genomics and epidemiological surveillance	29
RNA-targeting CRISPR–Cas systems	27
The interplay between microbial communities and soil properties	26
Respiratory syncytial virus infection and novel interventions	26
Surveying membrane landscapes: a new look at the bacterial cell surface	24
Bacterial DNA excision repair pathways	24
Prevention, treatment and cure of HIV infection	21
The importance of molecular diagnostics for infectious diseases in low-resource settings	21