Body Image

Article	Citations
Body functionality: A review of the literature	145
Social media, body satisfaction and well-being among adolescents: A mediation model of appearance-ideal internalization and comparison	92
Body appreciation and its psychological correlates: A systematic review and meta-analysis	85
Social media, body image, and the question of causation: Meta-analyses of experimental and longitudinal evidence	79
Young women’s body image following upwards comparison to Instagram models: The role of physical appearance perfectionism and cognitive emotion regulation	65
Body Positivity (#BoPo) in everyday life: An ecological momentary assessment study showing potential benefits to individuals’ body image and emotional wellbeing	58
#Take idealized bodies out of the picture: A scoping review of social media content aiming to protect and promote positive body image	54
#Bopo: Enhancing body image through body positive social media- evidence to date and research directions	54
Weight stigma and media: An examination of the effect of advertising campaigns on weight bias, internalized weight bias, self-esteem, body image, and affect	52
Science mapping research on body image: A bibliometric review of publications in Body Image, 2004–2020	51
Body image and internalization of appearance ideals in Black women: An update and call for culturally-sensitive research	48
Body image disturbance and sexual orientation: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis	48
Examining associations among weight stigma, weight bias internalization, body dissatisfaction, and eating disorder symptoms: Does weight status matter?	47
What a body can do: Rethinking body functionality through a feminist materialist disability lens	46
Exploring transgender adolescents’ body image concerns and disordered eating: Semi-structured interviews with nine gender minority youth	45
Differences in weight stigma between gay, bisexual, and heterosexual men	44
Strong is the New Skinny, but is it Ideal?: A Test of the Tripartite Influence Model using a new Measure of Fit-Ideal Internalisation	43
#quarantine15: A content analysis of Instagram posts during COVID-19	43
Incorporating social media and muscular ideal internalization into the tripartite influence model of body image: Towards a modern understanding of adolescent girls’ body dissatisfaction	43
The cosmetic surgery paradox: Toward a contemporary understanding of cosmetic surgery popularisation and attitudes	42
“My critical filter buffers your app filter”: Social media literacy as a protective factor for body image	42
Translation and validation of body image instruments: An addendum to Swami and Barron (2019) in the form of frequently asked questions	42
Psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS) in Lebanese adults	41
Demographic predictors of body image satisfaction: The U.S. Body Project I	40
Body image flexibility and its correlates: A meta-analysis	40

Body image and depressive symptoms among transgender and cisgender adults: Examining a model integrating the tripartite influence model and objectification theory	39
Muscles and bare chests on Instagram: The effect of Influencers’ fashion and fitspiration images on men’s body image	39
The dangers of the rabbit hole: Reflections on social media as a portal into a distorted world of edited bodies and eating disorder risk and the role of algorithms	39
The effect of physical appearance perfectionism and social comparison to thin-, slim-thick-, and fit-ideal Instagram imagery on young women’s body image	37
The effects of fitspiration and self-compassion Instagram posts on body image and self-compassion in men and women	37
Social media and body image: Modulating effects of social identities and user characteristics	36
Do the metrics matter? An experimental investigation of Instagram influencer effects on mood and body dissatisfaction	36
Examining the utility of nonlinear machine learning approaches versus linear regression for predicting body image outcomes: The U.S. Body Project I	35
The role of sexual minority stress and community involvement on disordered eating, dysmorphic concerns and appearance- and performance-enhancing drug misuse	35
Body image in women diagnosed with breast cancer: A grounded theory study	35
Pathways from sociocultural and objectification constructs to body satisfaction among women: The U.S. Body Project I	34
A test of the tripartite influence model of disordered eating among men	33
Demographic predictors of objectification theory and tripartite influence model constructs: The U.S. Body Project I	33
“Having a non-normative body for me is about survival”: Androgynous body ideal among trans and nonbinary individuals	33
Ethnic/racial and gender differences in body image disorders among a diverse sample of sexual minority U.S. adults	33
Pathways from sociocultural and objectification constructs to body satisfaction among men: The U.S. Body Project I	33
The differential impact of viewing fitspiration and thinspiration images on men’s body image concerns: An experimental ecological momentary assessment study	32
TikTok, TikTok, the time is now: Future directions in social media and body image	32
The “Little Red Riding Hood effect:” Fitspiration is just as bad as thinspiration for women’s body satisfaction	32
Body image and acceptance of cosmetic surgery in China and the Netherlands: A qualitative study on cultural differences and similarities	30
The effects of engaging in digital photo modifications and receiving favorable comments on women’s selfies shared on social media	30
Body appreciation around the world: Measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age	29
Digital modification and body image on social media: Disclaimer labels, captions, hashtags, and comments	29
Effects of taking selfies on women’s self-objectification, mood, self-esteem, and social aggression toward female peers	29
TikTok on the clock but the #fitspo don’t stop: The impact of TikTok fitspiration videos on women’s body image concerns	28
Integrating social media variables as predictors, mediators, and moderators within body image frameworks: Potential mechanisms of action to consider in future research	27
Assessing positive body image, body satisfaction, weight bias, and appearance comparison in emerging adults: A cross-validation study across eight countries	27
A systematic review of interventions aiming to promote positive body image in children and adolescents	26
Objectifying the body positive movement: The effects of sexualizing and digitally modifying body-positive images on Instagram	26
Beauty ideals, social media, and body positivity: A qualitative investigation of influences on body image among young women in Japan	26
The effects of body-positive Instagram posts on body image in adult women	26
The Norwegian healthy body image intervention promotes positive embodiment through improved self-esteem	26
A prospective examination of relationships between social media use and body dissatisfaction in a representative sample of adults	26
Adolescents’ selfie-activities and idealized online self-presentation: An application of the sociocultural model	25
Body image across the adult lifespan: A longitudinal investigation of developmental and cohort effects	25
TikTok use and body dissatisfaction: Examining direct, indirect, and moderated relations	25
Instagram Sexualization: When posts make you feel dissatisfied and wanting to change your body	24
Testing a self-compassion micro-intervention before appearance-based social media use: Implications for body image	23
Psychometric properties of an Italian translation of the Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS)	23
Functionality appreciation and its correlates: Systematic review and meta-analysis	23
The Romanian version of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2: Assessment of its psychometric properties and gender invariance in Romanian adults	22
Body acceptance by others: Refinement of the construct, and development and psychometric evaluation of a revised measure – The Body Acceptance by Others Scale-2	22
Adverse childhood experiences and body dysmorphic symptoms: A meta-analysis	22
Demographic and sociocultural predictors of sexuality-related body image and sexual frequency: The U.S. Body Project I	22
Breastfeeding, body image, and weight control behavior among postpartum women	22
The effectiveness of brief animated films as a scalable micro-intervention to improve children’s body image: A randomised controlled trial	22
Demographic and sociocultural predictors of face image satisfaction: The U.S. Body Project I	21
Associations between adolescents’ pornography consumption and self-objectification, body comparison, and body shame	21
Adolescent girls’ Instagram and TikTok use: Examining relations with body image-related constructs over time using random intercept cross-lagged panel models	21
Psychometric evaluation of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) among cisgender gay men and cisgender lesbian women	20

Integrating the tripartite influence, minority stress, and social comparison theories to explain body image and disordered eating in Chinese sexual minority men and women	20
Psychometric properties of a Romanian translation of the Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS)	20
Weight stigma, policy initiatives, and harnessing social media to elevate activism	20
Genital Self-Image in Adolescent Girls: The Effectiveness of a Brief Educational Video	20
Body image and quality of life in women with breast cancer: Appreciating the body and its functionality	20
Body image and associated factors among sexual minority men: A systematic review	20
Assessing the impact of body image concerns on functioning across life domains: Development and validation of the Body Image Life Disengagement Questionnaire (BILD-Q) among British adolescents	20
Translation and validation of an Italian version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2	20
Bidirectional relationships between intuitive eating and shape and weight overvaluation, dissatisfaction, preoccupation, and fear of weight gain: A prospective study	19
A Randomised Controlled Trial Examining the Effects of Self-Compassion Meditations on Women’s Body Image	19
Examining appearance pressures, thinness and muscularity internalizations, and social comparisons as correlates of drive for muscularity and thinness-oriented disordered eating in Chinese heterosexual	19
Mothers’ experiences of the relationship between body image and exercise, 0–5 years postpartum: A qualitative study	19
Body image as a multidimensional concept: A systematic review of body image facets in eating disorders and muscle dysmorphia	19
The Positive Body Image among Adolescents Scale (PBIAS): Conceptualization, development, and psychometric evaluation among adolescents from Belgium	19
The effects of self-disclaimer Instagram captions on young women's mood and body image: The moderating effect of participants’ own photo manipulation practices	19
The effects of fitspiration images on body attributes, mood and eating behaviors: An experimental Ecological Momentary Assessment study in females	19
A cross-country examination of emotional eating, restrained eating and intuitive eating: Measurement Invariance across eight countries	18
Self-concept clarity and appearance-based social comparison to idealized bodies	18
Family members and peers’ negative and positive body talk: How they relate to adolescent girls’ body talk and eating disorder attitudes	18
Embodiment: Cultural and gender differences and associations with life satisfaction	18
“I’ll never sacrifice my well-being again:” The journey from negative to positive body image among women who perceive their body to deviate from societal norms	18
Racial identity differences in pathways from sociocultural and objectification constructs to body satisfaction: The U.S. Body Project I	18
Body appreciation predicts better mental health and wellbeing. A short-term prospective study	18
Do you see what I see? The influence of self-objectification on appearance anxiety, intrinsic motivation, interoceptive awareness, and physical performance	18
“Pretty hurts”: Acceptance of hegemonic feminine beauty ideals and reduced sexual well-being among Black women	18
Self-compassion explains substantially more variance in eating disorder psychopathology and associated impairment than mindfulness	17
“Eat clean, train mean, get lean”: Body image and health behaviours of women who engage with fitspiration and clean eating imagery on Instagram	17
Does body appreciation predict decreases in eating pathology via intuitive eating? A longitudinal mediation analysis	17
Sexual orientation differences in pathways from sociocultural and objectification constructs to body satisfaction: The U.S. Body Project I	17
Psychometric validation of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) among U.S. transgender men	17
Weight stigma and psychological distress: A moderated mediation model of social identification and internalised bias	17
Dissonance-based eating disorder prevention among Brazilian young women: A randomized efficacy trial of the Body Project	17
Developing a definition of body neutrality and strategies for an intervention	17
Evaluating the impact of a brief Health at Every Size®-informed health promotion activity on body positivity and internalized weight-based oppression	17
No likes, no problem? Users’ reactions to the removal of Instagram number of likes on other people’s posts and links to body image	16
Photo manipulation as a predictor of facial dissatisfaction and cosmetic procedure attitudes	16
Appearance Comparisons and Eating Pathology: A Moderated Serial Mediation Analysis Exploring Body Image Flexibility and Body Appreciation as Mediators and Self-Compassion as Moderator	16
“You Don’t Look Anorexic”: Atypical anorexia patient experiences of weight stigma in medical care	16
Critical measurement issues in the assessment of social media influence on body image	16
Acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a school-based body image intervention in urban India: A pilot randomised controlled trial	16
Cultural adaptation and validation of the Body Esteem Scale for Adults and Adolescents for use in English among adolescents in urban India	16
A randomized control trial of Expand Your Horizon: An intervention for women with weight bias internalization	16
Goodform: A cluster randomised controlled trial of a school-based program to prevent body dissatisfaction and muscle building supplement use among adolescent boys	15
Evaluating a body image school-based intervention in India: A randomized controlled trial	15
Problematic muscularity-oriented behaviors: Overview, key gaps, and ideas for future research	15
Muscle dysmorphia symptomatology among a national sample of Canadian adolescents and young adults	15
Psychometric validation of the Japanese version of the Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS)	15
Hourglass Body Shape Ideal Scale and disordered eating	15
Short forms of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2SF): Item selection and psychometric evaluation	15
Protective filtering: A qualitative study on the cognitive strategies young women use to promote positive body image in the face of beauty-ideal imagery on Instagram	15
Developing a model linking self-reported nature exposure and positive body image: A study protocol for the body image in nature survey (BINS)	15
Can following body positive or appearance neutral Facebook pages improve young women’s body image and mood? Testing novel social media micro-interventions	15
Determining the potential links of self-compassion with eating pathology and body image among women and men: A cross-sectional mediational study	15
Body-related self-conscious emotions and reasons for exercise: A latent class analysis	15
Body dissatisfaction in midlife women: The applicability of the tripartite influence model	15
Fat is feminine: A qualitative study of how weight stigma is constructed among sexual minority men who use Grindr	14
Framing real beauty: A framing approach to the effects of beauty advertisements on body image and advertising effectiveness	14
How exposure to body neutrality content on TikTok affects young women’s body image and mood	14
Body shape concerns across racial and ethnic groups among adults in the United States: More similarities than differences	14
Does #beauty have a dark side? Testing mediating pathways between engagement with beauty content on social media and cosmetic surgery consideration	14
Measurement invariance of body image measures by age, gender, sexual orientation, race, weight status, and age: The U.S. Body Project I	14
Intuitive eating in light of other eating styles and motives: Experiences with construct validity and the Hungarian adaptation of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2	14
Normative body image development: A longitudinal meta-analysis of mean-level change	14
Inconsistencies in the conceptualisation and operationalisation of internalized weight stigma: A potential way forward	14
Black women’s experiences of gendered racial sexual objectification, body image, and depressive symptoms	13
Targets of comparison and body image in women’s everyday lives: The role of perceived attainability	13
The body positivity movement is not all that positive on TikTok: A content analysis of body positive TikTok videos	13
Body Positivity, but not for everyone: The role of model size in exposure effects on women’s mood, body satisfaction, and food choice	13
When body positivity falls flat: Divergent effects of body acceptance messages that support vs. undermine basic psychological needs	13
Psychometric properties of a Farsi translation of the Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS) in Iranian adolescents	13
Measurement invariance and psychometric properties of three positive body image measures among cisgender sexual minority and heterosexual women	13
The associations between photo-editing and body concerns among females: A systematic review	13
The ever-changing ideal: The body you want depends on who else you’re looking at	13
Follow, filter, filler? Social media usage and cosmetic procedure intention, acceptance, and normalization among young adults	13
Associations between husbands’ weight bias and related concerns and husbands’ and wives’ psychological and relationship outcomes	13
Broad conceptualisations of beauty do not moderate women’s responses to body positive content on instagram	12
Eating and body image characteristics of those who aspire to the slim-thick, thin, or fit ideal and their impact on state body image	12
Predicting the change in perinatal disordered eating symptoms: An examination of psychosocial factors	12
Body weight contingent self-worth predicts depression in adolescent girls: The roles of self-esteem instability and interpersonal sexual objectification	12
Self-compassion and dissonance-based interventions for body image distress in young adult women	12

Simulated nature and positive body image: A comparison of the impact of exposure to images of blue and green spaces	12
An examination of preadolescent girls’ social media use and body image: Type of engagement may matter most	12
Impacts of dietary self-monitoring via MyFitnessPal to undergraduate women: A qualitative study	12
Validation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 in cisgender, heterosexual and sexual and gender minority adolescents and sexuality-related correlates	12
Differentiating contributions of self-objectification and self-sexualization to young women’s sexual agency	12
Practice or performance? A content analysis of yoga-related videos on Instagram	12
Untangling the associations between generalized anxiety and body dissatisfaction: The mediating effects of social physique anxiety among collegiate men and women	12
A qualitative investigation of the phenomenology of muscle dysmorphia: Part 1	12
Body surveillance and affective judgments of physical activity in daily life	12
Is this what a female yogi looks like? A content analysis of yoga images on Instagram	12
Psychometric properties and validation of the Phenomenological Body Shame Scale – Revised (PBSS-R)	11
Associations between body image, social physique anxiety, and dating anxiety in heterosexual emerging adults	11
Validation of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) in Brazilian Women	11
Challenging oppression: A social identity model of stigma resistance in higher-weight individuals	11
Associations between weight talk exposure and unhealthy weight control behaviors among young adults: A person-centered approach to examining how much the source and type of weight talk matters	11
Conformity to masculine norms, masculine discrepancy stress, and changes in muscle dysmorphia symptoms	11
Body image and depression in endometriosis: Examining self-esteem and rumination as mediators	11
The need to belong: Subjective experiences of living with craniofacial conditions and undergoing appearance-altering surgery	11
Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis	11
Body dissatisfaction among ethnic subgroups of Latin women: An examination of acculturative stress and ethnic identity	11
Body image concerns across different sports and sporting levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis	11
Prospective relationships between skin color satisfaction, body satisfaction, and binge eating in Black girls	11
Is the relationship between BMI and body appreciation explained by body dissatisfaction and body image inflexibility among older adults? A study among older Chinese men and women	11
Validation of a German version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2)	11
An abbreviated 10-item, two-factor version of the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory (BIQLI-10): The U.S. Body Project I	11
Cross-Country Measurement Invariance and Effects of Sociodemographic Factors on Body Weight and Shape Concern-Related Constructs in Eight Countries	10
Self-compassion and body image in pregnancy and postpartum: A randomized pilot trial of a brief self-compassion meditation intervention	10
A guide to exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and bifactor-ESEM in body image research	10
Weight-related teasing is associated with body concerns, disordered eating, and health diagnoses in racially and ethnically diverse young men	10
Black adolescents’ appearance concerns, depressive symptoms, and self-objectification: Exploring the roles of gender and ethnic-racial identity commitment	10
Psychometric properties of measures of sociocultural influence and internalization of appearance ideals across eight countries	10
Weight stigma predicts reduced psychological wellbeing and weight gain among sexual minority men: A 12-month longitudinal cohort study using random intercept cross-lagged panel models	10
#Body goals or #Bopo? Exposure to pregnancy and post-partum related social media images: Effects on the body image and mood of women in the peri-pregnancy period	10
An integrative model of weight stigma, body image, and physical activity in adolescents	10
Internalized weight stigma and the relationship between weight perception and negative body-related self-conscious emotions	10
Measuring positive and negative body talk in men and women: The development and validation of the Body Talk Scale	10
The weight of words: Discursive constructions of health in weight-neutral peer-reviewed journal articles	10
The Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire: Measurement invariance by gender and race/ethnicity among sexual minority adults	10
Beach body ready? Shredding for summer? A first look at “seasonal body image”	10
Women’s response to, awareness of, and interest in body functionality content on Instagram	10
Media influence components as predictors of children’s body image and eating problems: A longitudinal study of boys and girls during middle childhood	10
A complex conceptualization of beauty in Latinx women: A mixed methods study	10
Psychometric properties of a Greek translation of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) in adults from Cyprus	9
Exploring primary care providers’ understandings of body image in patient care	9
Social anxiety moderates the relationship between body mass index and motivation to avoid exercise	9
A systematic review of weight stigma and disordered eating cognitions and behaviors	9
Reducing social anxiety in adolescents distressed by a visible difference: Results from a randomised control trial of a web-based intervention	9
The Muscularity Bias Internalization Scale: Development and initial validation in Chinese adult men	9
Cognitive training via a mobile application to reduce some forms of body dissatisfaction in young females at high-risk for body image disorders: A randomized controlled trial	9
How can we help you? A global investigation into girls’ body image experiences in sport and intervention preferences	9
Modeling the associations between internal body orientation, body appreciation, and intuitive eating among early-adult and middle-adult men and women: A multigroup structural invariance analysis	9
Fat embodiment for resistance and healing from weight stigma	9
“Are people thinking I'm a vector…because I’m fat?”: Cisgender experiences of body, eating, and identity during COVID-19	9
Comparing and self-objectifying: The effect of sexualized imagery posted by Instagram Influencers on women’s body image	9
Bi-directional associations between depressive symptoms and eating disorder symptoms in early adolescence	9
Adaptation and validation of the Internalisation-General subscale of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-3) in English among urban Indian adolescents	9
Understanding the role of positive body image during digital interventions for eating disorders: Secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial	9
Digging into digital buffets: A systematic review of eating-related social media content and its relationship with body image and eating behaviours	9
‘Everybody’s Different: The Appearance Game’. A randomised controlled trial evaluating an appearance-related board game intervention with children aged 9–11 years	9
“Intermission!” A short-term social media fast reduces self-objectification among pre-teen and teen dancers	9
Internalized Body Stigma as a Barrier to Accessing Preventative Healthcare for Young Women	9
Social comparison, disordered eating, and body dissatisfaction among postpartum women	8
Is body dissatisfaction related to an attentional bias towards low weight bodies in non-clinical samples of women? A systematic review and meta-analysis	8
An exploratory examination of internalized weight stigma in a sample living with food insecurity	8
Women’s attractiveness contingent self-esteem, romantic rejection, and body dissatisfaction	8
Testing of a model for risk factors for eating disorders and higher weight among emerging adults: Baseline evaluation	8
Endometriosis and body image: Comparing people with and without endometriosis and exploring the relationship with pelvic pain	8
#Beautyunedited: Is labeling unedited selfies helpful for body image and mood among young women?	8
The Sociostructural-Intersectional Body Image (SIBI) framework: Understanding the impact of white supremacy in body image research and practice	8
The body image “problem” on social media: Novel directions for the field	8
Why do queer men experience negative body image? A narrative review and testable stigma model	8
Australian women’s motivations for, and experiences of, cosmetic surgery: A qualitative investigation	8
Body surveillance prospectively linked with physical activity via body shame in adolescent girls	8
Attentional engagement, appearance comparisons, and rumination as predictors of body dissatisfaction: Evaluation of a serial mediation model in men	8
The Body Acceptance by Others Scale: An assessment of its factorial validity in adults from the United Kingdom	8
A qualitative exploration of positive body image experiences among nonbinary individuals	8
Validation of the Body Acceptance by Others Scale-2 (BAOS-2) and assessment of its associations with prospective changes in body image among young adults in China	8
Prevalence and sociodemographic characteristics of moderate and high engagement in muscle-building exercise among adolescents	8
Psychological and sociocultural influences on body image among midlife women with and without a history of breast cancer: Testing the Tripartite Influence Model of Body Image	8
The Body Esteem Scale for Adults and Adolescents: Translation, adaptation and psychometric validation among Brazilian adolescents	8
The roles of weight stigma, emotion dysregulation, and eating pathology in suicide risk	8
The impact of #beauty and #self-compassion tiktok videos on young women’s appearance shame and anxiety, self-compassion, mood, and comparison processes	8
Negative messages from parents and sisters and Latina college students’ body image shame	8
Measuring perfectionism, impulsivity, self-esteem and social anxiety: Cross-national study in emerging adults from eight countries	7
Rural-urban differences in body appreciation and associations with life satisfaction in adults from Sabah, Malaysia	7
Does medium matter? Investigating the impact of viewing ideal image or short-form video content on young women’s body image, mood, and self-objectification	7
Gender compatibility and drive for muscularity among adolescent boys: Examining the indirect effect of emotion regulation difficulties	7
Engagement with social media content results in lower appearance satisfaction: An experience sampling study using a wrist-worn wearable and a physical analogue scale	7
Is poor global processing a transdiagnostic feature of Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Anorexia Nervosa? A meta-analysis	7
Testing the associations between internalized cisgenderism, self-objectification, body shame, and mental health correlates in the framework of the pantheoretical model of dehumanization: A study in Ch	7
State versus trait weight, shape, and eating concerns: Disentangling influence on eating behaviors among sexual minority women	7
The ‘not-so-healthy’ appearance pursuit? Disentangling unique associations of female drive for toned muscularity with disordered eating and compulsive exercise	7
“I appreciate your body, because…” Does promoting positive body image to a friend affect one’s own positive body image?	7
Disordered eating through the lens of positive psychology: The role of embodiment, self-esteem and identity coherence	7
Change in body image flexibility and correspondence with outcomes in a digital early intervention for eating disorders based on acceptance and commitment therapy	7