Frontiers in Immunology

Article	Citations
Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Tumor Immunity	993
IOBR: Multi-Omics Immuno-Oncology Biological Research to Decode Tumor Microenvironment and Signatures	507
Cancer Immune Evasion Through Loss of MHC Class I Antigen Presentation	495
The Gut-Brain Axis: How Microbiota and Host Inflammasome Influence Brain Physiology and Pathology	409
Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics in Gut Inflammation: A Door to the Body	371
Mucosal Immunity in COVID-19: A Neglected but Critical Aspect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection	313
Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity	304
The Intestinal Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer	300
NF-κB: At the Borders of Autoimmunity and Inflammation	292
Impact of Bacterial Metabolites on Gut Barrier Function and Host Immunity: A Focus on Bacterial Metabolism and Its Relevance for Intestinal Inflammation	240
Macrophage Polarization and Its Role in Liver Disease	237
Interleukin-6 Is a Biomarker for the Development of Fatal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pneumonia	232
Aspects of the Tumor Microenvironment Involved in Immune Resistance and Drug Resistance	232
Role of Metabolic Endotoxemia in Systemic Inflammation and Potential Interventions	228
Macrophages: The Good, the Bad, and the Gluttony	226
SARS-CoV-2 Accessory Proteins in Viral Pathogenesis: Knowns and Unknowns	226
Reaction of Human Monoclonal Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Proteins With Tissue Antigens: Implications for Autoimmune Diseases	226
Neutrophils in COVID-19	218
The Role of Inflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy	217
CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion in Cancer	216
The Role of M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovitis	206
Regulation of PD-L1 Expression by NF-κB in Cancer	204
SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Vaccines, and Host Immunity	201
Epstein-Barr Virus and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases	196
IL-1β and the Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junction Barrier	193

Humoral Responses and Serological Assays in SARS-CoV-2 Infections	192
Role of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity and Interactions in Vessel Wall Inflammation	180
Role of the IL-23/IL-17 Pathway in Rheumatic Diseases: An Overview	180
Reactive Oxygen Species in Macrophages: Sources and Targets	179
Immune Cells in the BBB Disruption After Acute Ischemic Stroke: Targets for Immune Therapy?	179
Monocytes and Macrophages in COVID-19	176
Exhausted CD8+T Cells in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment: New Pathways to Therapy	175
ROS-triggered endothelial cell death mechanisms: Focus on pyroptosis, parthanatos, and ferroptosis	173
The role of PD-1/PD-L1 and application of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in human cancers	171
Unraveling the Mystery Surrounding Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19	170
The IL-23/IL-17 Pathway in Inflammatory Skin Diseases: From Bench to Bedside	170
Acute Transverse Myelitis (ATM):Clinical Review of 43 Patients With COVID-19-Associated ATM and 3 Post-Vaccination ATM Serious Adverse Events With the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine (AZD1222)	169
Immunosuppressive Mechanisms of Regulatory B Cells	168
The Roles of Inflammation in Keloid and Hypertrophic Scars	164
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Based on the Spike Glycoprotein and Implications of New Viral Variants	164
Partners in Leaky Gut Syndrome: Intestinal Dysbiosis and Autoimmunity	163
Efficacy, Immunogenicity and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis	162
CD38: An Immunomodulatory Molecule in Inflammation and Autoimmunity	162
Increased sCD163 and sCD14 Plasmatic Levels and Depletion of Peripheral Blood Pro-Inflammatory Monocytes, Myeloid and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Patients With Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia	162
Regulation of SIRT1 and Its Roles in Inflammation	161
The Role of Macrophages in Staphylococcus aureus Infection	161
Differentiation and Regulation of TH Cells: A Balancing Act for Cancer Immunotherapy	159
Causal Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Autoimmune Diseases: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study	158
Microglia and Inflammatory Responses in Diabetic Retinopathy	158
Janus Kinase Inhibition Ameliorates Ischemic Stroke Injury and Neuroinflammation Through Reducing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via JAK2/STAT3 Pathway Inhibition	156
The Global Epidemic of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant, Key Spike Mutations and Immune Escape	156
Adjuvants for Coronavirus Vaccines	155
Augmenting Anticancer Immunity Through Combined Targeting of Angiogenic and PD-1/PD-L1 Pathways: Challenges and Opportunities	155
NF-κB Pathway as a Potential Target for Treatment of Critical Stage COVID-19 Patients	155
Maternal-Fetal Inflammation in the Placenta and the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease	154
Cells of the Immune System in Cardiac Remodeling: Main Players in Resolution of Inflammation and Repair After Myocardial Infarction	151
Different Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Asymptomatic, Mild, and Severe Cases	151
Obesity, Inflammation, and Immune System in Osteoarthritis	150
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors: Pleiotropic Signaling Complexes and Their Differential Effects	149
Gallic Acid Alleviates Gouty Arthritis by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis Through Enhancing Nrf2 Signaling	149
Genetics Insight for COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity: A Review	148
Microbiota Modulation of the Gut-Lung Axis in COVID-19	148
Association of Inflammatory Cytokines With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	148
Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer: Current Landscape and Future Directions	148
Risk Factors and Biomarkers for Immune-Related Adverse Events: A Practical Guide to Identifying High-Risk Patients and Rechallenging Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors	147
TERT—Regulation and Roles in Cancer Formation	147
Persistence of SARS CoV-2 S1 Protein in CD16+ Monocytes in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) up to 15 Months Post-Infection	146
Omicron: A Heavily Mutated SARS-CoV-2 Variant Exhibits Stronger Binding to ACE2 and Potently Escapes Approved COVID-19 Therapeutic Antibodies	146
Sexual Dimorphism in Innate Immunity: The Role of Sex Hormones and Epigenetics	145
COVID-19: Coronavirus Vaccine Development Updates	145
Cuproptosis-Related Risk Score Predicts Prognosis and Characterizes the Tumor Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma	145
Therapeutic application of quercetin in aging-related diseases: SIRT1 as a potential mechanism	143
Kaempferol Alleviates Murine Experimental Colitis by Restoring Gut Microbiota and Inhibiting the LPS-TLR4-NF-κB Axis	143
Role of Human Milk Bioactives on Infants' Gut and Immune Health	143
Modulation of Immune Responses by Particle Size and Shape	142

Bispecific Antibodies: From Research to Clinical Application	140
The Role of Natural Killer Cells in Autoimmune Diseases	140
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immune Landscape and the Potential of Immunotherapies	139
A Bibliometric Analysis of Pyroptosis From 2001 to 2021	137
Sex Differences in Immunity to Viral Infections	137
Digital Twins for Multiple Sclerosis	137
Lactobacillus spp. for Gastrointestinal Health: Current and Future Perspectives	136
Immunomodulatory and Regenerative Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles: Therapeutic Outlook for Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases	133
Cytokines in CAR T Cell–Associated Neurotoxicity	133
C-Reactive Protein and Cancer—Diagnostic and Therapeutic Insights	132
Neoantigen: A New Breakthrough in Tumor Immunotherapy	131
Dermatomyositis With Anti-MDA5 Antibodies: Bioclinical Features, Pathogenesis and Emerging Therapies	130
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promote T Cell Exhaustion in the Tumor Microenvironment	129
Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes on Autoimmune Diseases	127
Immunogenic Cell Death Induction by Ionizing Radiation	126
Gut Microbiota Interact With the Brain Through Systemic Chronic Inflammation: Implications on Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration, and Aging	126
Immunogenicity and toxicity of AAV gene therapy	126
Controlling Cytokine Storm Is Vital in COVID-19	126
Interleukins and Ischemic Stroke	125
Roles of Macrophage Polarization and Macrophage-Derived miRNAs in Pulmonary Fibrosis	125
Immune-Based Prediction of COVID-19 Severity and Chronicity Decoded Using Machine Learning	124
A Comprehensive Review of Viral Characteristics, Transmission, Pathophysiology, Immune Response, and Management of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 as a Basis for Controlling the Pandemic	123
Immunotherapy: Reshape the Tumor Immune Microenvironment	123
Causal Effects of Gut Microbiome on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study	123
Diversity of Macrophages in Lung Homeostasis and Diseases	122
B7-H3/CD276: An Emerging Cancer Immunotherapy	122
The Role of Microbiota in Infant Health: From Early Life to Adulthood	120
Potential Implications of Quercetin in Autoimmune Diseases	120
Exosome-Based Vaccines: History, Current State, and Clinical Trials	120
Type I Interferon (IFN)-Regulated Activation of Canonical and Non-Canonical Signaling Pathways	119
IgE and IgG Antibodies as Regulators of Mast Cell and Basophil Functions in Food Allergy	119
TIGIT, the Next Step Towards Successful Combination Immune Checkpoint Therapy in Cancer	119
Immunogenicity Risk Profile of Nanobodies	118
Importance of Type I and III Interferons at Respiratory and Intestinal Barrier Surfaces	116
Programmed Cell Death Tunes Tumor Immunity	116
Akkermansia muciniphila and Gut Immune System: A Good Friendship That Attenuates Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Obesity, and Diabetes	115
Tumor-Associated Macrophages Regulate PD-1/PD-L1 Immunosuppression	115
Prevalence of Hyperuricemia Among Chinese Adults: Findings From Two Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Surveys in 2015–16 and 2018–19	115
The Macrophage-Osteoclast Axis in Osteoimmunity and Osteo-Related Diseases	115
Neutrophils in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Same Foe Different M.O.	114
Polarized Macrophages in Periodontitis: Characteristics, Function, and Molecular Signaling	114
SARS-CoV-2 Membrane Protein Inhibits Type I Interferon Production Through Ubiquitin-Mediated Degradation of TBK1	113
Shaping Polarization Of Tumor-Associated Macrophages In Cancer Immunotherapy	113
Lectin Pathway Mediates Complement Activation by SARS-CoV-2 Proteins	113
Construction of a Ferroptosis-Related Nine-lncRNA Signature for Predicting Prognosis and Immune Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma	112
Lipopolysaccharide Recognition in the Crossroads of TLR4 and Caspase-4/11 Mediated Inflammatory Pathways	112
Apoptosis, Autophagy, NETosis, Necroptosis, and Pyroptosis Mediated Programmed Cell Death as Targets for Innovative Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis	112
Addressing Parental Vaccine Hesitancy and Other Barriers to Childhood/Adolescent Vaccination Uptake During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic	111
Modulating Th2 Cell Immunity for the Treatment of Asthma	111
Alpha-2-Macroglobulin in Inflammation, Immunity and Infections	111
Antibody Responses in COVID-19: A Review	110
The Impact of Systemic Inflammation on Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology	110
Effects of Citrus Fruit Juices and Their Bioactive Components on Inflammation and Immunity: A Narrative Review	109
Prebiotic Inulin and Sodium Butyrate Attenuate Obesity-Induced Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction by Induction of Antimicrobial Peptides	109
B Cell Subsets as Severity-Associated Signatures in COVID-19 Patients	108
Engineered CAR-Macrophages as Adoptive Immunotherapies for Solid Tumors	108
Macrophage Biology and Mechanisms of Immune Suppression in Breast Cancer	107
Deep Sequencing of B Cell Receptor Repertoires From COVID-19 Patients Reveals Strong Convergent Immune Signatures	106
3D Tumor Models and Their Use for the Testing of Immunotherapies	106
The Complex Role of Regulatory T Cells in Immunity and Aging	105
Elevated Interleukin-10 Levels in COVID-19: Potentiation of Pro-Inflammatory Responses or Impaired Anti-Inflammatory Action?	105
Targeting the CCL2/CCR2 Axis in Cancer Immunotherapy: One Stone, Three Birds?	105
Advances in Universal CAR-T Cell Therapy	105
Therapeutic Implications of Tumor Microenvironment in Lung Cancer: Focus on Immune Checkpoint Blockade	104
Promising Therapeutic Targets for Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis	103
Meta-Inflammation and Metabolic Reprogramming of Macrophages in Diabetes and Obesity: The Importance of Metabolites	103
Hyperinflammatory Immune Response and COVID-19: A Double Edged Sword	103
Microglia morphophysiological diversity and its implications for the CNS	103
Antibodies Targeting the Transferrin Receptor 1 (TfR1) as Direct Anti-cancer Agents	103
Role of the IL23/IL17 Pathway in Crohn’s Disease	102
Effect of Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Lactobacillus plantarum Q7 on Gut Microbiota and Ulcerative Colitis in Mice	101
PD-L1-Mediated Immunosuppression in Glioblastoma Is Associated With the Infiltration and M2-Polarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages	101
The Role of GPNMB in Inflammation	101
Cancer Vaccines, Adjuvants, and Delivery Systems	101
Cancer Therapy With TCR-Engineered T Cells: Current Strategies, Challenges, and Prospects	101
Association between SII and hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis: A population-based study	101
Function and Role of Regulatory T Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis	101
New Insights Into the Cancer–Microbiome–Immune Axis: Decrypting a Decade of Discoveries	101
Interleukin-7 Biology and Its Effects on Immune Cells: Mediator of Generation, Differentiation, Survival, and Homeostasis	100
LAG3’s Enigmatic Mechanism of Action	100

Interleukin-18 cytokine in immunity, inflammation, and autoimmunity: Biological role in induction, regulation, and treatment	100
Neutrophils: Many Ways to Die	100
Iron Metabolism and Immune Regulation	100
CAR-T Cell Therapy in Hematological Malignancies: Current Opportunities and Challenges	100
Modulatory Effects of Probiotics During Pathogenic Infections With Emphasis on Immune Regulation	99
Two Different Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE) Risks for SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies	99
Interleukin-8 as a Biomarker for Disease Prognosis of Coronavirus Disease-2019 Patients	99
Mechanisms of MHC-I Downregulation and Role in Immunotherapy Response	99
Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analyses Define Distinct Peripheral B Cell Subsets and Discrete Development Pathways	99
Use of the JAK Inhibitor Ruxolitinib in the Treatment of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis	99
The Role of Helper T Cells in Psoriasis	99
Interaction Between Commensal Bacteria, Immune Response and the Intestinal Barrier in Inflammatory Bowel Disease	98
Association of HLA Class I Genotypes With Severity of Coronavirus Disease-19	98
Cytokine Storm: The Primary Determinant for the Pathophysiological Evolution of COVID-19 Deterioration	98
Weaning stress and intestinal health of piglets: A review	98
Landscape of Immune Microenvironment Under Immune Cell Infiltration Pattern in Breast Cancer	98
Mechanisms of Macrophage Plasticity in the Tumor Environment: Manipulating Activation State to Improve Outcomes	98
Gamma Delta T-Cell Based Cancer Immunotherapy: Past-Present-Future	98
Butyrate Shapes Immune Cell Fate and Function in Allergic Asthma	97
Cuproptosis scoring system to predict the clinical outcome and immune response in bladder cancer	97
Soluble PD-1: Predictive, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Value for Cancer Immunotherapy	97
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Human Glioma Microenvironment	96
All About the RNA: Interferon-Stimulated Genes That Interfere With Viral RNA Processes	96
Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fluid Neutrophils Drive Inflammation Through Production of Chemokines, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps	96
Biofilm-Innate Immune Interface: Contribution to Chronic Wound Formation	96
Lactylation, a Novel Metabolic Reprogramming Code: Current Status and Prospects	96
The development of COVID-19 treatment	96
Anti-AAV Antibodies in AAV Gene Therapy: Current Challenges and Possible Solutions	96
The Case for S2: The Potential Benefits of the S2 Subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein as an Immunogen in Fighting the COVID-19 Pandemic	96
Plasma Markers of Disrupted Gut Permeability in Severe COVID-19 Patients	95
NLRP3 Inflammasome Assembly in Neutrophils Is Supported by PAD4 and Promotes NETosis Under Sterile Conditions	95
From bench to bedside: the history and progress of CAR T cell therapy	95
Complement Overactivation and Consumption Predicts In-Hospital Mortality in SARS-CoV-2 Infection	95
Alternative Pathways of IL-1 Activation, and Its Role in Health and Disease	94
TAK1-TABs Complex: A Central Signalosome in Inflammatory Responses	94
Human Leukocyte Antigen Complex and Other Immunogenetic and Clinical Factors Influence Susceptibility or Protection to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Severity of the Disease Course. The Sardinian Experience	94
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Chinese Population: A Large-Scale National Study	94
Contribution of T Cell Receptor Alpha and Beta CDR3, MHC Typing, V and J Genes to Peptide Binding Prediction	94
Immunoinformatics Design of Multi-Epitope Peptide-Based Vaccine Against Schistosoma mansoni Using Transmembrane Proteins as a Target	94
Immunosenescence Study of T Cells: A Systematic Review	94
The Role and Mechanism of Pyroptosis and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Sepsis: A Review	94
Macrophage-Osteoclast Associations: Origin, Polarization, and Subgroups	93
Laboratory Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis in COVID-19	93
The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor in Manipulating the Immunological Response of Tumor Microenvironment	93
GM-CSF: A Double-Edged Sword in Cancer Immunotherapy	92
Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma: Current Progress and Challenges	92
Transarterial Chemoembolization Combined With Lenvatinib Plus PD-1 Inhibitor for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study	92
Glucocorticoid Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Mechanisms and Clinical Practice	92
Major pathways involved in macrophage polarization in cancer	92
Interleukin-6, CXCL10 and Infiltrating Macrophages in COVID-19-Related Cytokine Storm: Not One for All But All for One!	91
Immune Modulatory Properties of Collagen in Cancer	91
Low-Dose IL-2 Therapy in Autoimmune and Rheumatic Diseases	91
Epstein Barr Virus: Development of Vaccines and Immune Cell Therapy for EBV-Associated Diseases	91
Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Their Functional Transformation in the Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment	91
Immunomodulatory Role of the Extracellular Matrix Within the Liver Disease Microenvironment	90
The Role of Structure in the Biology of Interferon Signaling	90
Maternal Microbiota, Early Life Colonization and Breast Milk Drive Immune Development in the Newborn	90
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Activate Proinflammatory Functions of Human Neutrophils	90
SARS-CoV-2 Causes a Different Cytokine Response Compared to Other Cytokine Storm-Causing Respiratory Viruses in Severely Ill Patients	90
Immune System, Microbiota, and Microbial Metabolites: The Unresolved Triad in Colorectal Cancer Microenvironment	89
Molnupiravir and Its Antiviral Activity Against COVID-19	89
Immunoporosis: Role of Innate Immune Cells in Osteoporosis	89
Immune Responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Infections	89
Interferon and Hepatitis B: Current and Future Perspectives	89
A Detailed Overview of Immune Escape, Antibody Escape, Partial Vaccine Escape of SARS-CoV-2 and Their Emerging Variants With Escape Mutations	89
The Versatile Gasdermin Family: Their Function and Roles in Diseases	89
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Roles of Inflammatory Cells	89
Neuroinflammatory Process Involved in Different Preclinical Models of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy	89
CD3+CD4-CD8- (Double-Negative) T Cells in Inflammation, Immune Disorders and Cancer	89
Current Understanding of IL-37 in Human Health and Disease	88
Inflammasomes in Alveolar Bone Loss	88
Lactic Acid-Producing Probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae Attenuates Ulcerative Colitis via Suppressing Macrophage Pyroptosis and Modulating Gut Microbiota	88
Strategies to Improve the Antitumor Effect of Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma	88
Research Status and Molecular Mechanism of the Traditional Chinese Medicine and Antitumor Therapy Combined Strategy Based on Tumor Microenvironment	88
Tumor Hypoxia Regulates Immune Escape/Invasion: Influence on Angiogenesis and Potential Impact of Hypoxic Biomarkers on Cancer Therapies	88
Current Perspectives on “Off-The-Shelf” Allogeneic NK and CAR-NK Cell Therapies	87
Recent Developments in Clinical Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis	87
Macrophage Related Chronic Inflammation in Non-Healing Wounds	87
Role of B cells as antigen presenting cells	87
The Diverse Roles of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Tumor Progression	87
Immunomodulation in the Treatment of Periodontitis: Progress and Perspectives	86
The Mannose Receptor: From Endocytic Receptor and Biomarker to Regulator of (Meta)Inflammation	86
The Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Phytochemicals and Their Effects on Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in TLR4/NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation	86
Distinct Features and Functions of Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immunity Among SARS-CoV-2 Convalescent Individuals	86
Targeting Microglial α-Synuclein/TLRs/NF-kappaB/NLRP3 Inflammasome Axis in Parkinson’s Disease	86
Tumor Burden and Immunotherapy: Impact on Immune Infiltration and Therapeutic Outcomes	86
Novel Systemic Inflammation Markers to Predict COVID-19 Prognosis	85
Receptor-Mediated NETosis on Neutrophils	85
Regulatory T Cells: Barriers of Immune Infiltration Into the Tumor Microenvironment	85
Liver X Receptors: Regulators of Cholesterol Metabolism, Inflammation, Autoimmunity, and Cancer	85
Direct and Indirect Modulation of T Cells by VEGF-A Counteracted by Anti-Angiogenic Treatment	85
Epidemiology of Psoriasis and Comorbid Diseases: A Narrative Review	84
Roles of RNA Methylation on Tumor Immunity and Clinical Implications	84
B Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis：Pathogenic Mechanisms and Treatment Prospects	84
Virus Infections and Host Metabolism—Can We Manage the Interactions?	84