OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The median citation count of Autoimmunity Reviews is 7. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2022-08-01 to 2026-08-01.)

Article	Citations
Editorial Board	212
Editorial Board	163
Comment on “Meta-analysis of meteorological conditions and rheumatoid arthritis”	135
The Trm-Treg Axis as a tissue-encoded immune checkpoint in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity	123
MTHFR polymorphisms in autoimmune diseases: Mechanistic and clinical perspectives	123
The role of musculoskeletal ultrasound in difficult-to-treat RA: Insights from a systematic literature review	112
The BAFF/APRIL system at the crossroads of B cell memory and autoimmune relapse: Implication into the therapeutic strategies	110
Epidemiological patterns and in-hospital mortality in ANCA-associated vasculitis: Insights from Spain's National Health Data (2016–2022)	106
Issues in autoantibody tests used in the classification criteria for autoimmune rheumatic diseases: the laboratory autoimmunologist's perspective	105
Endometriosis and autoimmunity	98
A critical view on autoantibodies in lupus nephritis: Concrete knowledge based on evidence	98
Characteristics and risk factors for infection in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis	95
T lymphocyte plasticity in chronic inflammatory diseases: The emerging role of the Ikaros family as a key Th17-Treg switch	94
Disease-modifying strategies: Targeting protein kinases in multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders	86
Autoantibody internalization in myositis skeletal muscle: Emerging evidence, mechanistic insights, and therapeutic relevance	85
Janus kinase inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis	80
To treat or not to treat rheumatoid arthritis with glucocorticoids? A reheated debate	72
Metabolic traits of T cells and the implications in autoimmune diseases	70
Editorial Board	69
Psychiatric manifestations of autoimmune encephalitis	69
Can anticoagulation be withdrawn in APS patients after aPL negativization?	69
WITHDRAWN: Global incidence trends of autoimmune diseases from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2050: A systemic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021	64
Corrigendum to “Proportion of circulating T follicular helper cells in peripheral blood of systemic lupus erythematosus patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis” [Autoimmunity Reviews Volume 24	64
Dermatomyositis unleashed by immune checkpoint inhibitors. Three additional cases and a review of the literature	63
Homocysteine as a trigger and potential therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases	61

The immune system in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: Updating the current state of knowledge on potential therapies and animal model construction	61
Advances in precision medicine in imaging and therapeutic strategies for psoriatic disease	61
Human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA): Evidence for an autoimmune antigen-driven disease.	59
Autoimmune pre-disease	59
Understanding the effects of Janus kinase inhibitors on the cardiovascular system in comparison to main biological DMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis	58
STING-inflammasome axis in autoimmune diseases and inflammation-related disease	57
Metabolic heterogeneity in tumor microenvironment – A novel landmark for immunotherapy	56
Dysregulation of helper, regulatory, and follicular CD4+ T cells in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: Immunopathology and implications for targeted immunomodulatory therapy	55
Fecal microbiota transplantation in autoimmune diseases – An extensive paper on a pathogenetic therapy	54
Autoimmunity, diet and autophagy	52
Conceiving complexity: Biological mechanisms underpinning the lasting effect of pregnancy on multiple sclerosis outcomes	51
Rebalancing redox homeostasis: A pivotal regulator of the cGAS-STING pathway in autoimmune diseases	51
Idiopathic pericarditis in 2025: Advances in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies	51
Editorial Board	49
Seronegative autoimmune diseases: A challenging diagnosis	49
Autoantibodies targeting G protein-coupled receptors: An evolving history in autoimmunity. Report of the 4th international symposium	48
Editorial Board	47
Research progress on estrogen and estrogen receptors in the occurrence and progression of autoimmune thyroid diseases	47
Adipose failure through adipocyte overload and autoimmunity	45
Systematic evaluation of the associations between schizophrenia and autoimmune diseases: An umbrella review	45
Indian Rheumatology Association guidelines for the management of ANCA associated vasculitis	45
Refining search and keyword strategies in autoimmune ear disease bibliometric studies	45
Chinese recommendations for the diagnosis and management of non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis	44
VEXAS syndrome in adults: A narrative review of genomic pathogenesis, multisystem phenotypes, diagnostic algorithms, and emerging therapeutic strategies	43
IFN-γ: An overlooked cytokine in dermatomyositis with anti-MDA5 antibodies	42
The genealogy, methodology, similarities and differences of immune reconstitution therapies for multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica	42
Cerebral vasculitis as a clinical manifestation of neurosarcoidosis: A scoping review	42
Exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic delivery for autoimmune diseases: Opportunities and challenges	41
SpA plus IBD or IBD plus SpA: Does commutative property apply?	41
Predicting autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review of classic biomarkers and advances in artificial intelligence	41
Inclusion body myositis: Correcting impaired mitochondrial and lysosomal autophagy as a potential therapeutic strategy	41
Controversies in in rheumatology and autoimmunity: Is CORA meeting a good educational tool to increase the scientific knowledge?	40
Are breast cancer patients diagnosed after systemic sclerosis showing different pathological characteristics?	40
Specialized pro-resolving mediators and autoimmunity: Recent insights and future perspectives	40
Complex relationships of type 2 and type 1 symptoms across various systemic autoimmune diseases.	40
Effects of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 compared to TNF inhibitors on lipid profile: Results from an observational multicentre rheumatoid arthritis cohort	40
Regulatory mechanisms and targeted therapeutic strategies of glycolytic metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis	39
Fibromyalgia: Are we using the biopsychosocial model?	38
Factors associated with incident cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A scoping review	37
Chronic inflammation in Long COVID relationship to autoimmune diseases	37
LAG-3 in (auto)immunity and cancer - Emphasising its role in antigen presenting cells	37
Mechanisms of environmental risk factors for autoimmune diseases	37
The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney injury and disease	36
Development of an algorithm for IgG4-related disease management	36
Autoimmune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines	35
Phage ImmunoPrecipitation sequencing (PhIP-Seq) in autoimmunity research: From high-resolution epitope mapping to multi-omics integration	35
Combined immunosuppressive therapy in systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease: Phenotypes matter	35
Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor-related autoimmune disorders	35
Editorial Board	34
Will a hyperactive classical complement pathway exacerbate autoimmune diseases?	34

Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis and autoimmune disease: A systematic review of preclinical studies	34
Editorial Board	34
Editorial Board	33
Are IF-ANA the guiding light for SLE classification in the real-world setting?	33
Differences in clinical phenotype, laboratory, and imaging manifestations between AQP4 IgG positive and AQP4 MOG IgG double negative NMOSD: How to correctly diagnose the two	32
Twenty shades of the mosaic of autoimmunity	32
Dysfunction of the glymphatic system and sleep disturbance in rheumatoid arthritis and musculoskeletal pain: A gap related to pain becoming chronic	32
Mesenchymal stem cell in immunomodulation of dendritic cells: Implications for inflammatory bowel disease therapy	32
Coffee consumption and risk of multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis	31
Clinical characteristics and cancer risk of anti-OJ antisynthetase syndrome: A cohort comparative study and a systematic literature review	31
Impact of GLP-1 analogues on immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: A systematic review	30
Global burden due to modifiable risk factors for autoimmune diseases, 1990–2021: Temporal trends and socio-demographic inequalities	30
Predicting the course: Real-world trajectories toward minimal disease activity in psoriatic arthritis	30
The similar expression of both ferritin and scavenger receptors activation genes in patients with COVID19 and AOSD support their role in the pathogenesis of these diseases and identify a common mechan	30
Proportion of circulating T follicular helper cells in peripheral blood of systemic lupus erythematosus patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis	30
Fatty acid oxidation and inflammatory bowel disease: Highlighting the roles of pathogenesis and treatment	30
Alarmins in autoimmune diseases	30
A machine learning analysis to evaluate the outcome measures in inflammatory myopathies	30
Editorial Board	30
The rituximab paradox in rheumatoid arthritis: Re-evaluating B-cell depletion depth and the synovial microenvironment	30
Anti-CD52 therapy of rheumatic diseases: Revisited in the era of immune reset	29
Low-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in different immune-mediated conditions	29
Cutting edge confusion about cut-off settings in autoimmune diagnostics	29
In Memoriam: Pierre Youinou	29
The impact of pregnancy on future health in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A systematic review of the literature	29
Angiogenic imbalance and endothelial dysfunction in the placenta in antiphospholipid syndrome	29
Neuroimaging in thyroid eye disease: A systematic review	29
From autoantibody test results to decision making: Incorporating likelihood ratios within medical practice	28
IL-33 in Spondyloarthritis, the missing key	28
Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) in 2023	28
Mucosal immunity and rheumatoid arthritis: An update on mechanisms and therapeutic potential	28
Prevalence of immune-mediated inner ear disease in non-segmental vitiligo: A cross-sectional study	27
Editorial Board	27
Diagnostic approach in giant cell arteritis	27
Differentially expressed genes in systemic sclerosis: Towards predictive medicine with new molecular tools for clinicians	26
Development of systemic lupus erythematosus in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura: A systematic meta-analysis	26
Subcutaneous tissue involvement in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: Systematic literature review including three new cases and hypothetical mechanisms	25
Imaging the hidden player: Choroid plexus enlargement in multiple sclerosis	25
Potential immunological and genetic markers associated with lupus nephritis: From pathogenicity to therapeutic drug target	25
Extending the discussion: Cannabis based therapies in inflammatory bowel disease a letter to the editor	25
Serum calprotectin is a marker of disease activity in Giant cell arteritis	24
Burden of inflammatory bowel disease among elderly, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2019	24
Risk factors associated with thrombocytopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis	24
Genetic and genomic associations in antiphospholipid syndrome: A systematic review	24
Gut microbiota in rheumatoid arthritis: Mechanistic insights, clinical biomarkers, and translational perspectives	23
Treatment of acute exacerbation in interstitial lung disease secondary to autoimmune rheumatic diseases: More questions than answers	23
Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue diseases (CTD-PAH): Recent and advanced data	23
Persistence of antiphospholipid antibodies over time and its association with recurrence of clinical manifestations: A longitudinal study from a single centre	23
Macrophages in Lupus Nephritis: Exploring a potential new therapeutic avenue	23
Prevention of rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic literature review of preventive strategies in at-risk individuals	23
JAK inhibitors and systemic sclerosis: A systematic review of the literature	23
Editorial Board	22
Inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase as emerging therapeutic strategy in autoimmune diseases	22
Persistent aortic inflammation in patients with giant cell arteritis	22
From inflammation to renal fibrosis: A one-way road in autoimmunity?	22
Cerebral iron accumulation in multiple sclerosis: Pathophysiology and therapeutic implications	22
Editorial Board	22
Ferritinophagy in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic potentials	22
Don't mix apples and oranges. Reply to Azoulay et al.	22
Structural cell heterogeneity underlies the differential contribution of IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-23 to joint versus skin chronic inflammation	22
Rapid radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis: Definition, prediction and treatment	22
Is it time for treat-to-target in antiphospholipid syndrome?	22
Identifying subsets of patients with undifferentiated connective tissue disease: Results from a prospective, real-world experience using particle-based multi-analyte technology	21
Scleroderma cardiac crisis: A-life-threatening but reversible complication of systemic sclerosis	21
Editorial Board	21
IgA vasculitis sibling clustering: From HLA-DRB1 genetic burden to nephritis risk stratification	21
Research advances on targeted-Treg therapies on immune-mediated kidney diseases	21
Editorial Board	21
The emerging concept of ANCA-associated vasculitis related to inborn errors of immunity	21
IgG4 in the gut: Gastrointestinal IgG4-related disease or a new subtype of inflammatory bowel disease	20
Regulated cell death in systemic lupus erythematosus: Key pathways and targeted therapies	20
Prevalence of anti-Ro52-kDa/SSA (TRIM21) antibodies and associated clinical phenotype in systemic sclerosis: Data from a French cohort, a systematic review and meta-analysis	20
Thyroid autoimmunity and SARS-CoV-2 infection: Report of a large Italian series	20
Systemic lupus erythematosus in critical care: A systematic review of ICU outcomes and management	20
Heavy and trace metals toxicity implications in the breakdown of cellular homeostasis: A risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis	20
Autoantibodies against tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (anti-Ha antibodies)	20
Intermittent fasting: A promising dietary intervention for autoimmune diseases	20
Insights into new-onset autoimmune diseases after COVID-19 vaccination	20
The threat of triple M and autoimmune overlap syndromes with immune checkpoint inhibitors - A series of case reports	20
The assessment and management of bone health in pediatric-onset rheumatological diseases from early age to adulthood: A critical overview	20

The role of bDMARDs in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: A systematic literature review	20
Glomerulonephritis and inflammatory bowel disease: A tale of gut-kidney axis dysfunction	20
Anti-glomerular basement membrane vasculitis	20
Janus kinase inhibitors for psoriatic arthritis: Evidence from a systematic review and network meta-analysis	19
Recommendations for the use of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies in the diagnosis and follow-up of systemic lupus erythematosus – A proposal from an expert panel	19
Outcomes of ICU patients treated with intravenous immunoglobulin for sepsis or autoimmune diseases	19
The interferon in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: Different signatures and new therapeutic perspectives. A literature review	19
Involvement of aquaporin 5 in Sjögren’s syndrome	19
Autoimmune effector mechanisms associated with a defective immunosuppressive axis in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)	19
Prevention of rheumatoid arthritis using a familial predictive medicine approach	19
Advancing understanding of autoimmune disease-related interstitial lung disease (AD-ILD): A global perspective on research focus and future directions	19
Prevalence and clinical correlates of infection in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 14,548 patients	19
Corrigendum to ‘Dynamic profiling in inflammatory Bowel disease: A manifesto for personalized care’ [Autoimmunity Reviews 25 (2026) 104068]	19
Emerging roles of mechanically activated ion channels in autoimmune disease	19
Editorial Board	19
Clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease-associated spondyloarthritis	19
Ethics in publishing: From plagiarism to artificial intelligence	18
Severe treatment-refractory antibody positive autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy and COVID19 vaccination: Correspondence	18
Early skeletal muscle manifestations in polyarteritis nodosa and ANCA-associated vasculitis	18
From systemic lupus erythematosus to lupus nephritis: The evolving road to targeted therapies	18
Takotsubo syndrome occurring in systemic diseases: A French multicenter retrospective case-control study and literature review	18
Exploring vaccine safety and adverse events in major autoimmune diseases	18
Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and respiratory chain enzyme defects in inflammatory myopathies	18
Pursuing appropriateness in antiphospholipid antibodies testing: Feasibility study with a reflex test approach for anti-β2GPI I domain	18
Multiple sclerosis and pregnancy: Pathogenesis, influencing factors, and treatment options	18
Exercise-induced modulation of Interferon-signature: a therapeutic route toward management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	18
Relapses in giant cell arteritis: Updated review for clinical practice	17
Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: Advances in pathogenesis	17
Intravenous immunoglobulin as a therapy for autoimmune conditions	17
Editorial Board	17
Global research landscape on antiphospholipid syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus: Trends, collaborations, and future directions	17
Corrigendum to “Intravenous immunoglobulins reduce skin thickness in systemic sclerosis: evidence from Systematic Literature Review and from real life experience” [Autoimmunity Reviews, Volume 20, Iss	17
Vagus nerve stimulation in autoimmune diseases: Mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and clinical applications	17
Macrophage metabolic reprogramming: A trigger for cardiac damage in autoimmune diseases	17
Does a window of opportunity for rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease exist?	17
Isolated antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated interstitial lung disease: A systematic review of an emerging condition	17
The role of γδ T cells and CAR-γδ T cell therapy in autoimmune diseases	17
The entrenchment of NLRP3 inflammasomes in autoimmune disease-related inflammation	16
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome: A disorder of immune dysregulation	16
The roles of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 in autoimmune diseases: Mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic potential	16
Editorial Board	16
Oligoclonal bands and kappa free light chains: Competing parameters or complementary biomarkers?	16
Cardiovascular risk in psoriatic arthritis: How can we manage it?	16
Comprehensive analysis of cell lineages involved in giant cell arteritis pathogenesis using highly multiplexed imaging mass cytometry	16
Exploring the metabolic mysteries: Mechanistic insights into lactylation-mediated regulation of autoimmune diseases	16
Iron, autoimmunity, and thrombosis: Exploring sex-specific interactions	16
The role of interleukin inhibitors in the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa; a systematic review of clinical trials	15
Residual pain in rheumatoid arthritis: Is it a real problem?	15
Short-term and low-dose IL-2 therapy increases the reduced Treg cells in patients with microscopic polyangiitis	15
Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of antifibrotic agents in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis	15
ChatGPT and autoimmunity – A new weapon in the battlefield of knowledge	15
Exposome: Epigenetics and autoimmune diseases	15
The role of TAPSE/sPAP ratio in predicting pulmonary hypertension and mortality in the systemic sclerosis EUSTAR cohort	15
Cognitive impairment in systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: A narrative review focused on ANCA-associated vasculitis, sarcoidosis, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, and Behçet's disea	15
Risk of venous thromboembolism in autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review	15
B and T cells: (Still) the dominant orchestrators in autoimmune hepatitis	15
Paraneoplastic autoimmune Laminin-332 syndrome (PALS): Anti-Laminin-332 mucous membrane pemphigoid as a prototype	15
Towards personalized management of myasthenia gravis phenotypes: From the role of multi-omics to the emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets	15
Effects of biologics and small-molecule inhibitors on lipid profiles in patients with psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis: An analysis of current evidence	15
Updated insight into the role of Th2-associated immunity in systemic lupus erythematosus	15
Editorial Board	15
Single centre experience of 120 patients with non-infectious aortitis: Clinical features, treatment and complications	15
Building a monitoring matrix for the management of multiple sclerosis	15
Analysis of global prevalence, DALY and trends of inflammatory bowel disease and their correlations with sociodemographic index: Data from 1990 to 2019	15
COVID-19, G protein-coupled receptor, and renin-angiotensin system autoantibodies: Systematic review and meta-analysis	14
Targeting autoimmunity: Phosphodiesterase inhibitors as immunomodulators—a review of current insights and future direction	14
Is it safe to withdraw low-dose glucocorticoids in SLE patients in remission?	14
Tailoring the treatment of inflammatory rheumatic diseases by a better stratification and characterization of the clinical patient heterogeneity. Findings from a systematic literature review and exper	14
Macrophage polarization regulates the pathogenesis and progression of autoimmune diseases	14
Association between breastfeeding and the risk of autoimmune diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis	14
Current state of epigenetics in giant cell arteritis: Focus on microRNA dysregulation	14
Senescence of the immune system in SLE: Pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic implications	14
Novel aspects of muscle involvement in immune-mediated inflammatory arthropathies and connective tissue diseases	14
Effects of nutritional supplements and dietary interventions on rheumatoid arthritis: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials	14
Unraveling the global burden of inflammatory bowel disease (1990–2019): A Joinpoint regression analysis of divergent trends in 10–24 and 50–69 age cohorts	13
Renal involvement in systemic sclerosis	13
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis as an autoimmune disease: A review of immunopathogenesis and therapeutic response	13
SLE patients with childhood-onset: A nation-wide population-based study	13
Environmental toxins and toxic metals in autoimmune diseases: Sex differences, hormonal influences, and immune dysregulation	13
Global analysis of antiphospholipid syndrome and stroke research: identifying emerging trends, international collaborations, and knowledge gaps	13
Aquaporins: Unexpected actors in autoimmune diseases	13
Framework for implementing treat-to-target in systemic lupus erythematosus routine clinical care: consensus statements from an international task force	13
Diagnostic yield of combined cranial and large vessel PET/CT, ultrasound and MRI in giant cell arteritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis	13
Anti-HMGCR immune-mediated necrotising myopathy: Addressing the remaining issues	13
Circulating and skin biopsy-present cytokines related to the pathogenesis of cutaneous lupus erythematosus	13
Non-invasive imaging in antiphospholipid syndrome to assess subclinical coronary artery disease	13
Autoreactive T cells of ankylosing spondylitis elicited by COVID-19 infection: A snapshot of immunological host defense and autoimmune imprinting	13
Long-term outcomes and prognostic factors in juvenile dermatomyositis: A systematic review of studies with more than 12 months of follow-up	13
Immunometabolic shifts in autoimmune disease: Mechanisms and pathophysiological implications	13
Global burden and cross-country inequalities in autoimmune diseases from 1990 to 2019	13
Editorial Board	13
Social determinants of health and disparities across the Patient pathway in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: a narrative review	13
Lung involvement in juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: A systematic review	12
Managing the clinical heterogeneity of patients with Still's disease, from early diagnosis to timely treatment	12
Experiences and unmet needs of persons living with systemic lupus erythematosus in Europe: Lupus Europe's 2024 Swiss knife survey	12