Space Weather-The International Journal of Research and Applications

Article	Citations
Predicting Geomagnetic Activity Cycles	98
Substorm Induced Nighttime Plasma Flow Pulsations Observed by ROCSAT‐1 at Topside Ionosphere	91
Prediction of Energetic Electrons in the Inner Radiation Belt and Slot Region With a Double‐Layer LSTM Neural Network Model	81
Issue Information	73
Credit Where Credit Is Due: Data and Software in the Space Weather Community	72
Issue Information	62
Linkage of Equatorial Ionization Anomaly With the Day‐To‐Day Occurrence of Postsunset Irregularities and Scintillation in Low‐Latitude Region Around 110°E	59
Impact of the Gannon Superstorm on the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Dynamics During Its Recovery Phase on 11 May 2024	57
First Detection of Field‐Aligned Currents Using Engineering Magnetometers From the OneWeb Mega‐Constellation	56
SRF2—A Short‐Term (1–24)h foF2 Prediction Method	45
Forecasting Ionospheric foF2 Using Bidirectional LSTM and Attention Mechanism	43
Risk Assessment of Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) Over the Indian Sector in Comparison With American and African Sectors	43
Exploring the Validation Results of the Advanced Solar Particle Events Casting System (ASPECS)	42
Influence of Tectonic and Geological Structure on GIC in Southern South Island, New Zealand	39
Observations of Geomagnetic Crochet at High‐Latitudes Due To X1.5 Class Solar Flare on 3 July 2021	38
Variations in Satellite Charge Drag Coefficient With Solar Cycle	38
Forecasting SEP Atmospheric and Space Radiation by Coupling UMASEP and NAIRAS Models	35
Low Altitude Tailing Es (LATTE): Analysis of Sporadic‐E Layer Height at Different Latitudes of Middle and Low Region	34
Data Assimilation Into a Machine Learning‐Based Emulator of a Global MHD Simulation for Analyzing the Polar Ionosphere	34
PreMevE‐MEO: Predicting Ultra‐Relativistic Electrons Using Observations From GPS Satellites	31
First Observations of a Geomagnetic Superstorm With a Sub‐L1 Monitor	30
A Space Weather Approach for Quasi‐Real‐Time Assessment of Satellite Orbital Decay During Geomagnetic Storms Based on Two‐Line Element Sets	30
Storm‐Time Characteristics of Ionospheric Model (MSAP) Based on Multi‐Algorithm Fusion	29
Ensemble Modeling of Radiation Belt Electron Acceleration by Chorus Waves: Dependence on Key Input Parameters	29
Picturing Global Substorm Dynamics in the Magnetotail Using Low‐Altitude ELFIN Measurements and Data Mining‐Based Magnetic Field Reconstructions	29

SWOL2023: Report of Space Weather Observations Throughout Latinoamerica: Filling the Southern Gaps	28
A Real‐Time Prediction System of the Intensity of Solar Energetic Proton Events Based on a Solution of the Diffusion Equation	27
Issue Information	27
Development of a Regional F‐Region Critical Frequency Model for Southern Africa	27
A 3D Empirical Model of Electron Density Based on CSES Radio Occultation Measurements	27
A Substorm‐Dependent Negative Limit of Non‐Eclipse Surface Charging of a Chinese Geosynchronous Satellite	26
The Response of Ionospheric Currents to External Drivers Investigated Using a Neural Network‐Based Model	26
Data‐Driven Satellite Drag Modeling Without Dynamic Knowledge of the Atmosphere	26
Multi‐Site Transfer Function Approach for Real‐Time Modeling of the Ground Electric Field Induced by Laterally‐Nonuniform Ionospheric Source	25
Issue Information	25
The Need for a Sub‐L1 Space Weather Research Mission: Current Knowledge Gaps on Coronal Mass Ejections	25
GOLD Observations of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Reaching Mid‐Latitudes During the 23 April 2023 Geomagnetic Storm	24
Machine Learning‐Ready Data Sets for the Analysis and Nowcasting of Atmospheric Radiation at Aviation Altitudes	24
Very High Energy Solar Energetic Particle Events and Ground Level Enhancement Events: Forecasting and Alerts	24
In Situ Observations of Ionospheric Perturbations Triggered by the Launches of 2022 and 2023 South Korea Rockets	23
The Geomagnetic Storm on 10–12 May 2024 and Its Effect on the Swedish Power Grid	23
Why Do Sudden Commencements Sometimes Generate Disproportionate Geomagnetically Induced Currents?	22
Correlation Between Radiation Enhancements at Aviation Altitudes and Energetic Precipitating Electrons	22
Modeling the Impact of Geomagnetically Induced Currents on Electrified Railway Signaling Systems in the United Kingdom	21
Nowcasting Solar EUV Irradiance With Photospheric Magnetic Fields and the Mg II Index	21
Modeling Pipe to Soil Potentials From Geomagnetic Storms in Gas Pipelines in New Zealand	21
Solar Tide‐like Signatures in the Ionospheric Total Electron Content During the 2018 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Event	21
The Error of Global Ionospheric Map‐TEC During Equatorial Plasma Bubble Event in the High Solar Activity Year	20
Double Superposed Epoch Analysis of Geomagnetic Storms and Corresponding Solar Wind and IMF in Solar Cycles 23 and 24	20
Prediction Interval of Interface Regions: Machine Learning Nowcasting Approach	20
Space Weather Effects on Transportation Systems: A Review of Current Understanding and Future Outlook	20
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Forecasting of the Geomagnetic Activity for the Next 3 Days Utilizing Neural Networks Based on Parameters Related to Large‐Scale Structures of the Solar Corona	19
Static and Dynamic Model Calibration for Upper Thermosphere Determination	19
Meeting Report: International Magnetosphere Coupling IV (IMC‐IV) Workshop GFZ‐Potsdam, Germany, 2–7 June 2024	19
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Bayesian Inference and Global Sensitivity Analysis for Ambient Solar Wind Prediction	18
Equatorial Plasma Bubble Detection Using Vertical TEC From Altimetry Satellite	18
Issue Information	18
Ionospheric Nowcasting Over Italy Through Data Assimilation: A Synergy Between IRI UP and IONORING	18
Assessment of Current Capabilities in Modeling the Ionospheric Climatology for Space Weather Applications: foF2 and hmF2‐II	18
Energy‐Dependent SEP Fe/O Abundances During the May 2024 Superstorm	18
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Assessing the Effects of a Minor CIR‐HSS Geomagnetic Storm on the Brazilian Low‐Latitude Ionosphere: Ground and Space‐Based Observations	18
Nighttime Geomagnetic Response to Jumps of Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure: A Possible Cause of Québec Blackout in March 1989	18
Flare Prediction Modeling Based on the Time Series of SHARP Parameters Along the Polarity Inversion Line of Active Regions	17
Time‐Lagged Effects of Ionospheric Response to Severe Geomagnetic Storms on GNSS Kinematic Precise Point Positioning	17
Investigation of the Contribution of Five Broadcast Ionospheric Models (GPSK, NTCMG, NEQG, BDGIM, and BDSK) and IRTG to GNSS Positioning During Different Solar Activities in Solar Cycle 25	17
Ionospheric Turbulence: A Challenge for GPS Loss of Lock Understanding	17
72‐Hour Time Series Forecasting of Hourly Relativistic Electron Fluxes at Geostationary Orbit by Deep Learning	16
An Empirical Relationship Between Coronal Density and Solar Wind Velocity in the Middle Corona With Applications to Space Weather	16
Forecasting Total Electron Content During Geomagnetic Storms Using Convolutional Long Short‐Term Memory (ConvLSTM): Performance and Limitations	16
For All Humankind: Peaceful, Ethical, Cooperative, and Curiosity‐Driven Space Science and Space Weather Research	16
Unveiling the Space Weather During the Starlink Satellites Destruction Event on 4 February 2022	16
Assessment of Space Weather Impacts on New Zealand Power Transformers Using Dissolved Gas Analysis	16

Issue Information	16
Global Sensitivity Analysis of Nitric Oxide‐Related Chemical Reaction Rates in the Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model	16
A New Model for Nowcasting the Aviation Radiation Environment With Comparisons to In Situ Measurements During GLEs	16
Prediction of Proton Pressure in the Outer Part of the Inner Magnetosphere Using Machine Learning	16
Data Assimilation of Ion Drift Measurements for Estimation of Ionospheric Plasma Drivers	16
Magnetopause Standoff Position Changes and Geosynchronous Orbit Crossings: Models and Observations	16
Measurements of Cosmic Rays by a Mini‐Neutron Monitor at Neumayer III From 2014 to 2017	16
Investigation on Horizontal and Vertical Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Propagation in Global‐Scale Using GNSS and Multi‐LEO Satellites	15
VAMPIRE: Using a Random Forest to Forecast Earth's Outer Van Allen Radiation Belt	15
Turning Noise Into Data: Characterization of the Van Allen Radiation Belt Using SDO Spikes Data	15
Case Studies on the Day‐to‐Day Variability in the Occurrence of Post‐Sunset Equatorial Spread F	15
Estimation Model of Global Ionospheric Irregularities: An Artificial Intelligence Approach	15
What to Do When the F10.7 Goes Out?	15
The First Ground‐Level Enhancement of Solar Cycle 25 as Seen by the High‐Energy Particle Detector (HEPD‐01) on Board the CSES‐01 Satellite	15
Development of the Ionospheric E‐Region Prompt Radio Occultation Based Electron Density (E‐PROBED) Model	15
Even‐Order Harmonic Distortion Observations During Multiple Geomagnetic Disturbances: Investigation From New Zealand	15
Evaluation of COSMIC‐2 Satellite Data for foF2 and hmF2 Against Ground‐Based Ionosondes and the PyIRI (2020) Model Across Middle to Low Latitudes	14
A Transferable Real‐Time MUF Forecasting Model for HF Communication in China	14
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Satellite Reentry Predictions During Sudden Stratospheric Warmings	14
Investigating the Effects of Ionospheric Scintillation on Multi‐Frequency BDS‐2/BDS‐3 Signals at Low Latitudes	14
Decent Estimate of CME Arrival Time From a Data‐Assimilated Ensemble in the Alfvén Wave Solar Atmosphere Model (DECADE‐AWSoM)	14
Automatic Detection of Large‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Using GNSS Data and Image Processing Techniques	14
Prediction of the SYM‐H Index Using a Bayesian Deep Learning Method With Uncertainty Quantification	14
Validation of Ionospheric Models at Mid‐ and High‐Latitudes: Climatological Performance of WACCM‐X (SD) and TIE‐GCM in foF2	14
Response of the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere System to an X‐Class Solar Flare: 30 March 2022 Case Study	14
Long‐Term Support Is Needed for Crucial Ground‐Based Sensor Networks	14
New Space Companies Meet a “Normal” Solar Maximum	14
Ionospheric Scintillation Activity Over Canada in 2019–2023 and Its Potential Influence on Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) Navigation Services for Aviation	13
A Comparison of Auroral Oval Proxies With the Boundaries of the Auroral Electrojets	13
Thermospheric Temperature and Density Variability During 3–4 February 2022 Minor Geomagnetic Storm	13
Modeling Ionospheric TEC Using Gradient Boosting Based and Stacking Machine Learning Techniques	13
An Examination of SuperDARN Backscatter Modes Using Machine Learning Guided by Ray‐Tracing	13
Using a Differential Magnetometer Technique to Measure Geomagnetically Induced Currents: An Augmented Approach	13
Implications of Using Spheroidal “Cone Model” CMEs in Solar‐Wind Models	13
Implementing an Operational Cloud‐Based Now‐ and Forecasting System for Space Weather Ground Effects in the UK	13
Extended Lead‐Time Geomagnetic Storm Forecasting With Solar Wind Ensembles and Machine Learning	13
Issue Information	13
Calibration of Swarm Plasma Densities Overestimation Using Neural Networks	13
Analysis of Large Geomagnetically Induced Currents During the 7–8 September 2017 Storm: Geoelectric Field Mapping	13
Detection and Characterization of a Coronal Mass Ejection Using Interplanetary Scintillation Measurements From the Murchison Widefield Array	13
Estimates of Spherical Satellite Drag Coefficients in the Upper Thermosphere During Different Geomagnetic Conditions	13
Reduced Order Probabilistic Emulator of RAM‐SCB: Toward Non‐Linearity With Autoencoders	13
Physics‐Based Approach to Thermospheric Density Estimation Using CubeSat GPS Data	12
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Partially Erupted Prominence Material as a Diagnostic of Coronal Mass Ejection Trajectory	12
Analyzing SEU Rate in LEO Satellites During the Space Weather Event of May 2024	12
Quantitative Assessment of GOES 8–15 > ${ >} $0.6 and > ${ >} $4 MeV Radiation Belt Electron Fluxes	12
An Empirical Model of the Equatorial Electron Pitch Angle Distributions in Earth's Outer Radiation Belt	12
Deep Learning for Global Ionospheric TEC Forecasting: Different Approaches and Validation	12
Comparative Analysis of Higher‐Order Ionospheric Delay on PPP Long‐Term Coordinate Time Series and Residual Modeling Using Horizontal Gradients and RINEX Data	12
Sensitivity of Model Estimates of CME Propagation and Arrival Time to Inner Boundary Conditions	12
Influences of Solar Wind Parameters on Energetic Electron Fluxes at Geosynchronous Orbit Revealed by the Deep SHAP Method	12
Nocturnal Temperature and Wind Structures of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Region Over Yuzhong (36°N, 104.2°E) Based on Sodium Lidar Observation	12
Dayside Magnetic Depression Following Interplanetary Shock Arrivals During the February 1958 and July 1959 Superstorms	12
Validation of Ionospheric Specifications During Geomagnetic Storms: TEC and foF2 During the 2013 March Storm Event‐II	12
Storm‐Time Ring Current Plasma Pressure Prediction Based on the Multi‐Output Convolutional Neural Network Model	12
An Examination of Geomagnetic Induction in Submarine Cables	12
Quantification of Representation Error in the Neutral Winds and Ion Drifts Using Data Assimilation	12
Interpretable Machine Learning for Thermospheric Mass Density Modeling Using GRACE/GRACE‐FO Satellite Data	12
CSA‐WTConvLSTM: A TEC Spatiotemporal Prediction Model Focusing on Both Low‐Frequency and High‐Frequency Features	12
Extreme Event Statistics in Dst, SYM‐H, and SMR Geomagnetic Indices	11
Correcting Projection Effects in CMEs Using GCS‐Based Large Statistics of Multi‐Viewpoint Observations	11
Measurements and Modeling of the Responses of VLF Transmitter Signals to X‐Class Solar Flares at the Great Wall Station in Antarctica	11
Examining the Economic Costs of the 2003 Halloween Storm Effects on the North Hemisphere Aviation Using Flight Data in 2019	11
Topside Ionosphere During the Mother's Day Superstorm as Observed by Multiple LEO Spacecraft, Including SNIPE	11
Different Response of the Ionospheric TEC and EEJ to Ultra‐Fast Kelvin Waves in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere	11
Observation of Forbush Decreases and GLE‐74 Recorded During Ground‐Level Neutron Monitoring Survey From Various Sites	11
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New Index to Characterize Ionospheric Irregularity Distribution	11
Characterization of Radiation Exposure at Aviation Flight Altitudes Using the Nowcast of Aerospace Ionizing Radiation System (NAIRAS)	11
Automatic Detection and Classification of Spread‐F From Ionosonde at Hainan With Image‐Based Deep Learning Method	11
Radio Absorption in the Nightside Ionosphere of Mars During Solar Energetic Particle Events	11
The Mother's Day Geomagnetic Storm on 10 May 2024: Aurora Observations and Low Latitude Space Weather Effects in Mexico	11
Resolving Moving Heliospheric Structures Using Interplanetary Scintillation Observations With the Murchison Widefield Array	11
Reduced Order Probabilistic Emulation for Physics‐Based Thermosphere Models	11
Global Observations of the Short‐Term Disturbances in the Geomagnetic Field and Induced Currents During the Supersubstorms Events of Solar Cycle 24	10
Validation of AMPERE Magnetic Perturbations Using Swarm	10
Solar Flare Activity, 1937–2024: Introducing the New Hemispheric Solar Flare Index (hSFI) in the Context of 2024's Major Solar Storm Events	10
The Impact of Lower Atmosphere Forecast Uncertainties on WACCM‐X Prediction of Ionosphere‐Thermosphere System During Geomagnetic Storms	10

Space Weather Into the 2030s: The 2024 Solar and Space Physics Decadal Survey	10
RT‐FAIRS: Real‐Time Factor‐Adjusted Ionospheric Residual Statistics Approach for Generating Accuracy Information in Global Ionospheric Maps	10
Super‐Intense Geomagnetic Storm on 10–11 May 2024: Possible Mechanisms and Impacts	10
A Novel Robust High‐Precision Ionospheric Delay Modeling for PPP‐RTK Using Crowdsourced Data	10
Evolution of Post‐Sunset EPBs: Relationships to the EIA Induced by Pre‐Reversal Enhancement Electric Fields	10
LARRES: A New Deep Learning Based Global Ionosphere Map Prediction Model With Large Receptive Field	10
Dynamical Complexity Transitions During High‐Intensity Long Duration Continuous Auroral Activities (HILDCAA) Events: Feature Analysis Based on Neural Network Entropy	10
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Mapping a Magnetic Superstorm: March 1989 Geoelectric Hazards and Impacts on United States Power Systems	10
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New Findings From Explainable SYM‐H Forecasting Using Gradient Boosting Machines	10
On the Geoelectric Field Response to the SSC of the May 2024 Super Storm Over Europe	10
Impact of Ionospheric Scintillations on GNSS Availability and Precise Positioning	10
Quantifying Uncertainties in the Quiet‐Time Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Using WAM‐IPE	10
Issue Information	10
Solar Transient Recognition Using Deep Learning (STRUDL) for Heliospheric Imager Data	10
2024 Decadal Survey for Space and Solar Physics: Space Weather Inputs	10
Enhanced Radiation Levels at Aviation Altitudes and Their Relationship to Plasma Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere	10
Why Coronal Mass Ejections Arrive Differently: Solar Cycle Modulation Through Solar Wind Structure	10
Multi‐Hour‐Ahead Dst Index Prediction Using Multi‐Fidelity Boosted Neural Networks	10
Numerical Modeling and GNSS Observations of Ionospheric Depletions Due To a Small‐Lift Launch Vehicle	10
Response of the Ionospheric TEC to SSW and Associated Geomagnetic Storm Over the American Low Latitudinal Sector	10
Specifying High Altitude Electrons Using Low‐Altitude LEO Systems: Updates to the SHELLS Model	9
Ionospheric Scintillation and Geomagnetic Disturbance Caused by Space Hurricanes	9
Comparative Analysis of TPA‐LSTM and Transformer Models for Forecasting GEO Radiation Belt Electron Fluxes	9
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Freshly Generated Super Sunrise Plasma Bubbles During the Geomagnetic Storm on November 5–6, 2023	9
Improving Precise Orbit Determination of LEO Satellites Using Enhanced Solar Radiation Pressure Modeling	9
The Growth of Ring Current/SYM‐H Under Northward IMF Bz Conditions Present During the 21–22 January 2005 Geomagnetic Storm	9
MEMPSEP‐I. Forecasting the Probability of Solar Energetic Particle Event Occurrence Using a Multivariate Ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks	9
Specifying Satellite Drag Through Coupled Thermosphere‐Ionosphere Data Assimilation of Radio Occultation Electron Density Profiles	9
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Over 20‐Year Global Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation of Earth's Magnetosphere	9
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Observations of Unusual Postsunrise Interhemispheric Geomagnetic Conjugate Super Plasma Depletions at Midlatitudes During the Recovery Phase of the November 2003 Superstorm	9
SIR‐HUXt—A Particle Filter Data Assimilation Scheme for CME Time‐Elongation Profiles	9
Predicting Equatorial Spread F at JICAMARCA Sector Via Supervised Machine Learning	9
The Short‐Time Prediction of Thermospheric Mass Density Based on Ensemble‐Transfer Learning	9
Statistical Relations Between Ionospheric Conductance and Precipitating Electrons Derived From Direct Conjugate Observations	9
A Transfer Learning Method to Generate Synthetic Synoptic Magnetograms	9
Spatial and Temporal Confinement of the Ionospheric Responses During the St. Patrick's Day Storm of March 2015	9
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CME Evolution in the Structured Heliosphere and Effects at Earth and Mars During Solar Minimum	9
Influence of Solar Wind High‐Speed Streams on the Brazilian Low‐Latitude Ionosphere During the Descending Phase of Solar Cycle 24	9
Solar Wind and Magnetospheric Conditions for Satellite Anomalies Attributed to Shallow Internal Charging	9
Modeling TEC Irregularities in the Arctic Ionosphere Using Empirical Orthogonal Function Method	9
Ingestion of GNSS‐Derived‐TEC Into NeQuick 2 Model Over South America	8
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Issue Information	8
Beacon2Science: Enhancing STEREO/HI Beacon Data With Machine Learning for Efficient CME Tracking	8
Characteristics of Nighttime Medium‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances: Longitudinal Comparison of Their Seasonal and Local Time Variations	8
The Impact of Space Radiation on Brains of Future Martian and Lunar Explorers	8
Statistical Study on the Effect of Meridional Neutral Wind on the Occurrence of Post‐Sunset Equatorial Ionospheric Irregularities	8
A Prediction Model of Relativistic Electrons at Geostationary Orbit Using the EMD‐LSTM Network and Geomagnetic Indices	8
3‐D Ionospheric Imaging Over the South American Region With a New TEC‐Based Ionospheric Data Assimilation System (TIDAS‐SA)	8
TIE‐GCM ROPE ‐ Dimensionality Reduction: Part I	8
Issue Information	8
Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Crest Position and Width Modeling	8
Impacts of Space Weather‐Induced Satellite Navigation Errors on UAV Collision Risk: An Estimation for Parallel and Crossing Routes	8
PyIRTAM: A New Module of PyIRI for IRTAM Coefficients	8
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PyIRI: Whole‐Globe Approach to the International Reference Ionosphere Modeling Implemented in Python	8
High‐Precision Prediction of Auroral Substorm Expansion Phase Evolution Using a Spatio‐Temporal Attention Deep Learning Model	8
Multi‐Technique Study of the Thermospheric Wind Responses to the November 3–4, 2021 Storm	8
Geomagnetic Disturbances Due To Neutral‐Wind‐Driven Ionospheric Currents	8
Using Solar Wind Data Assimilation Results to Drive Dynamic Solar Wind Models	8
Quantifying the Impacts of the May 2024 Geomagnetic Storm on Transatlantic Aviation: Rerouting, Delays, and Economic Losses	8
Issue Information	8
Observations and Modeling Investigations of Ionospheric Response to 23–24 April 2023, G4‐Class Geomagnetic Storm Over Indian Sector	8
A Parametric Study of Performance of Two Solar Wind Velocity Forecasting Models During 2006–2011	8
ED‐Autoformer: A New Model for Precise Global TEC Forecast	8
Issue Information	8
On the Growth and Evolution of Nocturnal Ionospheric Irregularities Using HF Radar Observations Along With Digisonde and GNSS Data Over Trivandrum, India	8
Predicting Equatorial Ionospheric Convective Instability Using Machine Learning	8
Understanding Strong Neutral Vertical Winds and Ionospheric Responses to the 2015 St. Patrick's Day Storm Using TIEGCM Driven by Data‐Assimilated Aurora and Electric Fields	8
Thank You to Our Peer Reviewers in 2024	8
On the Use of SuperDARN Ground Backscatter Measurements for Ionospheric Propagation Model Validation	8
Ionospheric Response to the M‐ and X‐Class Solar Flares of 28 October 2021 Over the African Sector	8
Forward‐Looking Study of Solar Maximum Impact in 2025: Effects of Satellite Navigation Failure on Aviation Network Operation in the Greater Bay Area, China	8
Harnessing Satellite Constellations as Signals of Opportunity for an Enhanced Specification of the Satellite Drag Environment in the Critical LEO Regime	8
Issue Information	8
Probabilistic Solar Proxy Forecasting With Neural Network Ensembles	8
Interhemispheric Asymmetry in the High‐Latitude Neutral Density Variations During the 13–14 March 2022 Storm	8