Integrative and Comparative Biology

Article	Citations
Melanosome Biogenesis in the Pigmentation of Mammalian Skin	58
Pervasiveness of Biological Impacts of Artificial Light at Night	49
Melanin Transfer and Fate within Keratinocytes in Human Skin Pigmentation	41
Perspectives on Individual Animal Identification from Biology and Computer Vision	39
Light at Night and Disrupted Circadian Rhythms Alter Physiology and Behavior	36
Open Hardware in Science: The Benefits of Open Electronics	28
Inertial Tail Effects during Righting of Squirrels in Unexpected Falls: From Behavior to Robotics	27
Artificial Intelligence for Biology	25
Bene“fit” Assessment in Pollination Coevolution: Mechanistic Perspectives on Hummingbird Bill–Flower Matching	24
Quantifying Glucocorticoid Plasticity Using Reaction Norm Approaches: There Still is So Much to Discover!	23
Impact of Different Wavelengths of Artificial Light at Night on Phototaxis in Aquatic Insects	23
Metachronal Motion across Scales: Current Challenges and Future Directions	22
Dopamine Modulation of Motor and Sensory Cortical Plasticity among Vertebrates	22
Recognizing Salinity Threats in the Climate Crisis	21
Tails, Flails, and Sails: How Appendages Improve Terrestrial Maneuverability by Improving Stability	20
Climate Change and Companion Animals: Identifying Links and Opportunities for Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies	19
The Invasion of the Land in Deep Time: Integrating Paleozoic Records of Paleobiology, Ichnology, Sedimentology, and Geomorphology	18
Mechanisms for Mid-Air Reorientation Using Tail Rotation in Gliding Geckos	17
Multivariate Models of Animal Sex: Breaking Binaries Leads to a Better Understanding of Ecology and Evolution	17
Intraspecific and Interspecific Attachment between Cohabitant Dogs and Human Caregivers	17
White Paper: An Integrated Perspective on the Causes of Hypometric Metabolic Scaling in Animals	17
A Review and Assessment of the Shared-Pathway Hypothesis for the Maintenance of Signal Honesty in Red Ketocarotenoid-Based Coloration	17
Size-Dependent Scaling of Stingless Bee Flight Metabolism Reveals an Energetic Benefit to Small Body Size	17
Direct and Ambient Light Pollution Alters Recruitment for a Diurnal Plant–Pollinator System	17
Form and Function of the Caudal Fin Throughout the Phylogeny of Fishes	16

Locomotion and Energetics of Divergent Foraging Strategies in Hummingbirds: A Review	16
The Costs and Benefits of Environmental Memory for Reef-Building Corals Coping with Recurring Marine Heatwaves	16
The Pace of Life: Metabolic Energy, Biological Time, and Life History	16
Simulation-Based Evaluation of Methods, Data Types, and Temporal Sampling Schemes for Detecting Recent Population Declines	16
Metachronal Swimming of Mantis Shrimp: Kinematics and Interpleopod Vortex Interactions	16
Highly Contiguous Genomes Improve the Understanding of Avian Olfactory Receptor Repertoires	15
Internal State: Dynamic, Interconnected Communication Loops Distributed Across Body, Brain, and Time	15
Coping With Urban Habitats Via Glucocorticoid Regulation: Physiology, Behavior, and Life History in Stream Fishes	15
Strategies of Invertebrate Osmoregulation: An Evolutionary Blueprint for Transmuting into Fresh Water from the Sea	15
The Role of the Tail or Lack Thereof in the Evolution of Tetrapod Aquatic Propulsion	15
Tail Length Evolution in Deer Mice: Linking Morphology, Behavior, and Function	15
Effects of Ocean Warming on the Underexplored Members of the Coral Microbiome	14
Resolving the Rules of Robustness and Resilience in Biology Across Scales	14
Adding Nuance to Our Understanding of Dog–Wildlife Interactions and the Need for Management	14
Pursuit and Evasion Strategies in the Predator–Prey Interactions of Fishes	14
The Diversity of Photosensitivity and its Implications for Light Pollution	14
Bivalve Molluscs as Model Systems for Studying Mitochondrial Biology	14
Help Me, Symbionts, You're My Only Hope: Approaches to Accelerate our Understanding of Coral Holobiont Interactions	14
Feather, But Not Plasma, Glucocorticoid Response to Artificial Light at Night Differs between Urban and Forest Blue Tit Nestlings	13
Functional Adaptations in the Forelimb of the Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia)	13
Closer Appendage Spacing Augments Metachronal Swimming Speed by Promoting Tip Vortex Interactions	13
Universal Features in Panarthropod Inter-Limb Coordination during Forward Walking	13
Metachronal Swimming with Flexible Legs: A Kinematics Analysis of the Midwater Polychaete Tomopteris	13
The Stabilizing Function of the Tail During Arboreal Quadrupedalism	13
Epigenetics of Animal Personality: DNA Methylation Cannot Explain the Heritability of Exploratory Behavior in a Songbird	13
Oxygenation-Controlled Collective Dynamics in Aquatic Worm Blobs	13
Repeated Genetic Targets of Natural Selection Underlying Adaptation of Fishes to Changing Salinity	13
Effects of Artificial Light at Night on Avian Provisioning, Corticosterone, and Reproductive Success	12
Spatiotemporal Asymmetry in Metachronal Rowing at Intermediate Reynolds Numbers	12
Tail Control Enhances Gliding in Arboreal Lizards: An Integrative Study Using a 3D Geometric Model and Numerical Simulation	12
Developmental Nutrition Affects the Structural Integrity of a Sexually Selected Weapon	12
Ways that Animal Wings Produce Sound	12
Connected While Distant: Networking CUREs Across Classrooms to Create Community and Empower Students	12
Androgen Receptor Modulates Multimodal Displays in the Bornean Rock Frog (Staurois parvus)	12
Local Superimpositions Facilitate Morphometric Analysis of Complex Articulating Structures	12
What is Known—and not Known—About Acoustic Communication in an Urban Soundscape	12
Understanding Drivers of Variation and Predicting Variability Across Levels of Biological Organization	11
The Comparative Approach to Bio-Inspired Design: Integrating Biodiversity and Biologists into the Design Process	11
Temporal Patterns of Honeybee Foraging in a Diverse Floral Landscape Revealed Using Pollen DNA Metabarcoding of Honey	11
The Physiological Conundrum That is the Domestic Dog	11
How Signaling Geometry Shapes the Efficacy and Evolution of Animal Communication Systems	11
The Degenerate Tale of Ascidian Tails	10
Reproductive- and Social-State Plasticity of Multiple Sensory Systems in a Cichlid Fish	10
How to Stick the Landing: Kangaroo Rats Use Their Tails to Reorient during Evasive Jumps Away from Predators	10
Stabbing Spines: A review of the Biomechanics and Evolution of Defensive Spines	10
Step in Time: Conservation of Circadian Clock Genes in Animal Evolution	10
Mechanoethology: The Physical Mechanisms of Behavior	10
Linking Tooth Shape to Strike Mechanics in theBoa constrictor	10
Future Tail Tales: A Forward-Looking, Integrative Perspective on Tail Research	10
Gut Microbiome as a Mediator of Stress Resilience: A Reactive Scope Model Framework	10

A Fast And Versatile Method for Simultaneous HCR, Immunohistochemistry And Edu Labeling (SHInE)	10
Sexual Selection and Introgression in Avian Hybrid Zones: Spotlight onManacus	10
Tail Beat Synchronization during Schooling Requires a Functional Posterior Lateral Line System in Giant Danios,Devario aequipinnatus	10
Authentic Research in the Classroom Increases Appreciation for Plants in Undergraduate Biology Students	9
Groovy and Gnarly: Surface Wrinkles as a Multifunctional Motif for Terrestrial and Marine Environments	9
Morphogenesis of Iridescent Feathers in Anna’s Hummingbird Calypte anna	9
Sex-Differences in Phenology: A Tinbergian Perspective	9
Walking—and Running and Jumping—with Dinosaurs and their Cousins, Viewed Through the Lens of Evolutionary Biomechanics	9
The Development and Neuronal Complexity of Bipinnaria Larvae of the Sea StarAsterias rubens	9
Female Genital Variation Far Exceeds That of Male Genitalia: A Review of Comparative Anatomy of Clitoris and the Female Lower Reproductive Tract in Theria	9
Protein composition and associated material properties of cobweb spiders’ gumfoot glue droplets	9
Ecological Limits on the Decoupling of Prey Capture and Processing in Fishes	9
When Defenses Fail: Atelopus zeteki Skin Secretions Increase Growth of the Pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis	9
The Philosophy of Outliers: Reintegrating Rare Events Into Biological Science	9
From Telson to Attack in Mantis Shrimp: Bridging Biomechanics and Behavior in Crustacean Contests	9
How an Early, Inclusive Field Course can Build Persistence in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology	8
Ecological and Phenotypic Diversification after a Continental Invasion in Neotropical Freshwater Stingrays	8
Growth and Mortality as Causes of Variation in Metabolic Scaling Among Taxa and Taxonomic Levels	8
Correlated Evolution of Acrobatic Display and Both Neural and Somatic Phenotypic Traits in Manakins (Pipridae)	8
Reptilian Innate Immunology and Ecoimmunology: What Do We Know and Where Are We Going?	8
Bat Dentitions: A Model System for Studies at the Interface of Development, Biomechanics, and Evolution	8
Daily Signaling Rate and the Duration of Sound per Signal are Negatively Related in Neotropical Forest Katydids	8
Developmental Plasticity in Anurans: Meta-analysis Reveals Effects of Larval Environments on Size at Metamorphosis And Timing of Metamorphosis	8
Gender Bias in the Study of Genital Evolution: Females Continue to Receive Less Attention than Males	8
Sucker Shapes, Skeletons, and Bioinspiration: How Hard and Soft Tissue Morphology Generates Adhesive Performance in Waterfall Climbing Goby Fishes	8
Body Caudal Undulation Measured by Soft Sensors and Emulated by Soft Artificial Muscles	8
Evolution of Silk Anchor Structure as the Joint Effect of Spinning Behavior and Spinneret Morphology	8
Freshwater Colonization, Adaptation, and Genomic Divergence in Threespine Stickleback	8
Video Recording and Analysis of Avian Movements and Behavior: Insights from Courtship Case Studies	8
Museum Genomics of an Agricultural Super-Pest, the Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Chrysomelidae), Provides Evidence of Adaptation from Standing Variation	8
Foretelling the Flex—Vertebral Shape Predicts Behavior and Ecology of Fishes	8
High Wing-Loading Correlates with Dive Performance in Birds, Suggesting a Strategy to Reduce Buoyancy	8
Hormonal Prostaglandin F2α Mediates Behavioral Responsiveness to a Species-Specific Multi-component Male Hormonal Sex Pheromone in a Female Fish	8
Gut Microbial Ecology of Five Species of Sympatric Desert Rodents in Relation to Herbivorous and Insectivorous Feeding Strategies	7
Multi-Joint Analysis of Pose Viability Supports the Possibility of Salamander-Like Hindlimb Configurations in the Permian TetrapodEryops megacephalus	7
Den-Associated Behavior ofOctopus rubescensRevealed by a Motion-Activated Camera Trap System	7
An Introduction to an Evolutionary Tail: EvoDevo, Structure, and Function of Post-Anal Appendages	7
Marine Invertebrates One Cell at A Time: Insights from Single-Cell Analysis	7
Temperature Extreme Events Decrease Endocrine and Immune Reactive Scope in Bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus)	7
The Biological Hierarchy, Time, and Temporal ‘Omics in Evolutionary Biology: A Perspective	7
Sleep: An Essential and Understudied Process in the Biology of Blood-Feeding Arthropods	7
Rare and Opportunistic Use of Torpor in Mammals—An Echo from the Past?	7
History-Dependent Deformations of Rat Vaginas under Inflation	7
Rocks and Vegetation Cover Improve Body Condition of Desert Lizards during Both Summer and Winter	7
The Effect of Pregnancy On Metabolic Scaling and Population Energy Demand in the Viviparous Fish Gambusia affinis	7
The Water to Land Transition Submerged: Multifunctional Design of Pectoral Fins for Use in Swimming and in Association with Underwater Substrate	7
New Dimensions for Animal Communication Networks:Space and Time	7
Energetic Lifestyle Drives Size and Shape of Avian Erythrocytes	7
Robotics as a Comparative Method in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology	7
Multimodal Integration Across Spatiotemporal Scales to Guide Invertebrate Locomotion	7
Opsin Expression Varies with Reproductive State in the Cichlid FishAstatotilapia burtoni	7
Hybrid Metachronal Rowing Augments Swimming Speed and Acceleration via Increased Stroke Amplitude	7
Do We All Walk the Walk? A Comparison of Walking Behaviors across Tetrapods	7
Caudal Spine Morphology and Puncture Performance of Two Coastal Stingrays	7
Barriers and Promises of the Developing Pigment Organelle Field	7
Intra-horn Penile Intromission in the AlpacaVicugna pacosand Consequences to Genital Morphology	7
Immunoendocrinology and Ecoimmunology in Brazilian Anurans	7
Chemical Communication in Lizards and a Potential Role for Vasotocin in Modulating Social Interactions	6
Active Sensing in Bees Through Antennal Movements Is Independent of Odor Molecule	6
Bidirectional Relationships between Testosterone and Aggression: A Critical Analysis of Four Predictions	6
Population Genomic Time Series Data of a Natural Population Suggests Adaptive Tracking of Fluctuating Environmental Changes	6
Female–Female Reproductive Suppression: Impacts on Signals and Behavior	6
The Evolution of Offspring Size: A Metabolic Scaling Perspective	6
Avian Heterothermy: A Review of Patterns and Processes	6
Behavioral Sex Differences and Hormonal Control in a Bird with an Elaborate Courtship Display	6
Scavenging Effects of Large Canids	6
Review of Methods for Animal Videography Using Camera Systems that Automatically Move to Follow the Animal	6
Patterns of Phenotypic Evolution Associated with Marine/Freshwater Transitions in Fishes	6
Different Traits at Different Rates: The Effects of Dynamic Strain Rate on Structural Traits in Biology	6
An Integrative Perspective On the Mechanistic Basis of Context- Dependent Species Interactions	6
Mechanosensory Control of Locomotion in Animals and Robots: Moving Forward	6
Perspectives on Community STEM: Learning from Partnerships between Scientists, Researchers, and Youth	6
Assessing the Vulnerabilities of Vertebrate Species to Light and Noise Pollution: Expert Surveys Illuminate the Impacts on Specialist Species	6
Cephalopod-omics: Emerging Fields and Technologies in Cephalopod Biology	6
Breaking Through the Bottleneck: Krogh's Principle in Behavioral Neuroendocrinology and the Potential of Gene Editing	6
Biology Beyond the Classroom: Experiential Learning Through Authentic Research, Design, and Community Engagement	6
Air Breathing and Suction Feeding Kinematics in the West African Lungfish,Protopterus annectens	6
Ecological Transitions and the Shape of the Decapod Tree of Life	6
Testosterone Treatment Mimics Seasonal Downregulation of Dopamine Innervation in the Auditory System of Female Midshipman Fish	6
The Integrated Defense System: Optimizing Defense against Predators, Pathogens, and Poisons	6

Early-Life Corticosterone Body Condition Influence Social Status and Survival in a Food-Caching Passerine	6
The Microbiome as a Maternal Effect: A Systematic Review on Vertical Transmission of Microbiota	6
Strong, Non-specific Adhesion Using C-Lectin Heterotrimers in a Molluscan Defensive Secretion	6
Effect of Temperature on Mosquito Olfaction	6
An Adaptable Flying Fish Robotic Model for Aero- and Hydrodynamic Experimentation	6
Stress Responses across the Scales of Life: Toward a Universal Theory of Biological Stress	6
Repeat Variation Resolves a Complete Aggregate Silk Sequence of Bolas Spider Mastophora phrynosoma	6
Compositional Similarities that Link the Eyes and Skin of Cephalopods: Implications in Optical Sensing and Signaling during Camouflage	5
Queen Pregnancy Increases Group Estradiol Levels in Cooperatively Breeding Naked Mole-Rats	5
Divergent Effects of Ocean Warming on Byssal Attachment in Two Congener Mussel Species	5
Anthropogenic Alteration of Flow, Temperature, and Light as Life-History Cues in Stream Ecosystems	5
What is Stance Phase on Deformable Substrates?	5
The Squamate Clitoris: A Review and Directions for Future Research	5
Postweaning Isolation Alters the Responses of Auditory Neurons to Serotonergic Modulation	5
Tail Base Deflection but not Tail Curvature Varies with Speed in Lizards: Results from an Automated Tracking Analysis Pipeline	5
Centering Microbes in the Emerging Role of Integrative Biology in Understanding Environmental Change	5
Adaptive Immunity in Reptiles: Conventional Components but Unconventional Strategies	5
Who Rules Over Immunology? Seasonal Variation in Body Temperature, Steroid Hormones, and Immune Variables in a Tegu Lizard	5
Re-imagining Reproduction: The Queer Possibilities of Plants	5
Morphology of pig nasal structure and modulation of airflow and basic thermal conditioning	5
Evolutionary Change in the Eastern Oyster,Crassostrea Virginica, Following Low Salinity Exposure	5
EcoPhysioMechanics: Integrating Energetics and Biomechanics to Understand Fish Locomotion under Climate Change	5
Biological Networks across Scales—The Theoretical and Empirical Foundations for Time-Varying Complex Networks that Connect Structure and Function across Levels of Biological Organization	5
Temperature and Season Influence Phagocytosis by B1 Lymphocytes in the Mojave Desert Tortoise	5
Leveraging Short-Read Sequencing to Explore the Genomics of Sepiolid Squid	5
Evolutionary Transitions of Parasites between Freshwater and Marine Environments	5
Can Sex-Specific Metabolic Rates Provide Insight into Patterns of Metabolic Scaling?	5
Effects of Constant and Fluctuating Temperatures on Gene Expression During Gonadal Development	5
Flight Maneuver of a Damselfly with Phase Modulation of the Wings	5
Environmental Cue Integration and Phenology in a Changing World	5
Regional Patterning in Tail Vertebral Form and Function in Chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus)	5
A Guide for Successful Research Collaborations between Zoos and Universities	5
Balancing on a Limb: Effects of Gravidity on Locomotion in Arboreal, Limbed Vertebrates	5
Constraint and Function in the Predefinitive Plumages of Manakins (Aves: Pipridae)	5
Glucocorticoid-Mediated Changes in Male Green Treefrog Vocalizations Alter Attractiveness to Females	5
Glucocentric Metabolism in Ultra-Endurance Sled Dogs	5
Dynamic Modeling, Analysis, and Design Synthesis of a Reduced Complexity Quadruped with a Serpentine Robotic Tail	5
Time Course of Splenic Cytokine mRNA and Hormones during a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Toads	5
Detecting Mismatch in Functional Narratives of Animal Morphology: A Test Case with Fossils	5
Invasive Bullfrogs Maintain MHC Polymorphism Including Alleles Associated with Chytrid Fungal Infection	5
The Epigenome and Beyond: How Does Non-genetic Inheritance Change Our View of Evolution?	5
Kinematic Trajectories in Response to Speed Perturbations in Walking Suggest Modular Task-Level Control of Leg Angle and Length	5
Evolution and Morphology of Genitalia in Female Amniotes	5
Evolutionary Patterns in Chemical Composition and Biomechanics of Articulated Coralline Algae	5
Vertebrate Phenological Plasticity: From Molecular Mechanisms to Ecological and Evolutionary Implications	5
Mudskippers Modulate their Locomotor Kinematics when Moving on Deformable and Inclined Substrates	5
Climate-Change Impacts on Cephalopods: A Meta-Analysis	5
Temperature-dependent Developmental Plasticity and Its Effects on Allen’s and Bergmann’s Rules in Endotherms	5
Genes, Morphology, Performance, and Fitness: Quantifying Organismal Performance to Understand Adaptive Evolution	5
Timing of Breeding Reveals a Trade-Off between Immune Investment and Life History in Tree Swallows	5
Pheromone Perception in Fish: Mechanisms and Modulation by Internal Status	4
Dual Phase-Shifted Ipsilateral Metachrony inAmericamysis bahia	4
Meager Milk: Lasting Consequences for Adult Daughters of Primiparous Mothers Among Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)	4
Metachronal Coordination of Multiple Appendages for Swimming and Pumping	4
Divergent Genital Morphologies and Female–Male Covariation in Watersnakes	4
Fish without Tail Fins—Exploring the Function of Tail Morphology of the First Vertebrates	4
Cost-Reducing Traits for Agonistic Head Collisions: A Case for Neurophysiology	4
Mechano-Chemical Coupling in Hydra Regeneration and Patterning	4
Invited Letter. Organ Regeneration Occurs in Vertebrates with Aquatic-Related Life Cycles Including Metamorphosis and was Lost During Land Transition	4
Museum Genomics Provide Evidence for Persistent Genetic Differentiation in a Threatened Seabird Species in the Western Atlantic	4
The Impacts of Transdermal Application of Corticosterone on Toad (Rhinella icterica) Immunity	4
Born without a Silver Spoon: A Review of the Causes and Consequences of Adversity during Early Life	4
Understanding Organismal Capacity to Respond to Anthropogenic Change: Barriers and Solutions	4
Aquatic Walking and Swimming Kinematics of Neonate and Juvenile Epaulette Sharks	4
Time-Series Sequences for Evolutionary Inferences	4
Fieldwork and LGBTQ+ Identities: Queering the Outdoors	4
A Creative Model for an Interdisciplinary Approach to Service-Learning	4
20-hydroxyecdysone Upregulates Ecdysone Receptor (ECR) Gene to Promote Pupation in the Honeybee, Apis mellifera Ligustica	4
Analysis of Odor-Tracking Performance of Silk Moth Using a Sensory–Motor Intervention System	4
Physiological Variation in Response to Vibrio and Hypoxia by Aquacultured Eastern Oysters in the Southeastern United States	4
The Spring-Mass Model and Other Reductionist Models of Bipedal Locomotion on Inclines	4
Advances and Challenges in Paleobiological Reconstructions of Joint Mobility	4
Dogs as Pets and Pests: Global Patterns of Canine Abundance, Activity, and Health	4
A Tail of Four Fishes: An Analysis of Kinematics and Material Properties of Elongate Fishes	4
Biology’s best friend: Bridging disciplinary gaps to advance canine science	4
Reproductive Steroid Hormone Patterns in Baleen of Two Pregnant Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)	4
Eyes Toward Tomorrow Program Enhancing Collaboration, Connections, and Community Using Bioinspired Design	4
Trait Loss in Evolution: What Cavefish Have Taught Us about Mechanisms Underlying Eye Regression	4
A Review and Case Study of 3D Imaging Modalities for Female Amniote Reproductive Anatomy	4
Effects of a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist on Sex Behavior in Females of the Southern Giant Pouched Rat	4
Ecomechanics and the Rules of Life: A Critical Conduit between the Physical and Natural Sciences	4
Nuestra Ciencia: Transforming Microbiology for Spanish-Speaking Elementary and College Students	4
Tail Autotomy Alters Prey Capture Performance and Kinematics, but not Success, in Banded Geckos	4
Next Steps in Integrative Biology: Mapping Interactive Processes Across Levels of Biological Organization	4
Effects of Parental Experience and Age on Expression of Prolactin, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide and their Receptors in a Biparental Bird (Columba livia)	4
DNA Metabarcoding Across Disciplines: Sequencing Our Way to Greater Understanding Across Scales of Biological Organization	4
Spatio-temporal Dynamics in Animal Communication: A Special Issue Arising from a Unique Workshop-Symposium Model	4
Beyond Dimorphism: Body Size Variation Among Adult Orangutans Is Not Dichotomous by Sex	4
What Determines Paternity in Wild Lizards? A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Behavior and Morphology	4
Day Versus Night Melatonin and Corticosterone Modulation by LPS in Distinct Tissues of Toads (Rhinella Icterica)	3
Movement, Space Use, and the Responses of Coral Reef Fish to Climate Change	3
Centering Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Experience, Access, & Safety in Ecological Fieldwork	3
A Fish-Like Soft-Robotic Model Generates a Diversity of Swimming Patterns	3
Muscle Fatigue in the Latch-Mediated Spring Actuated Mandibles of Trap-Jaw Ants	3
Trade-offs Among Resilience, Robustness, Stability, and Performance and How We Might Study Them	3