Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines

Article	Citations
Static, buckling, and free vibration characteristics of porous skew partially functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic plate	57
Analysis of steady-state dynamics and stability of particle dampers considering the friction effect	47
Statement of Retraction: Nonlinear dynamics simulation of the composite reinforced annular system using harmonic differential quadrature framework	34
Coupled and partial impacts of the inclination angle of the discharge boom and the mass of conveyed material on the dynamic behavior of the stacker superstructure	31
Static and free vibration response of FGM plates using higher order shear deformation theory and strain-based finite element formulation	28
The influence of various methods of reinforcing circular perforations on the deformability of a welded plate girder with a corrugated web	27
A 2D problem of thermoviscoelastic half-space subjected to harmonically varying heating using state-space formulation	26
Modeling of counter-bore and counter-sink screw lap joints	25
Influence of circular cutouts and elastic foundation on vibration characteristics of porous sandwich FGM plates under hygro-thermal environments	25
Distribution of the residual tolerable imbalance between correction plans	24
Fatigue life analysis of the radial cylindrical roller bearings: roller end-flange construction effect	23
Quasi-3D nonlinear flexural response of isogeometric functionally graded CNT-reinforced plates with various shapes with variable thicknesses	23
Studies on a statically determinate leveling control strategy for a statically indeterminate four-leg support vehicle-borne platform	22
Logarithmic and trigonometric porosity distributions in rotating functionally graded viscoelastic tapered disk	20
Energy loss comparison between kinematically equivalent mechanisms: Slider-crank and eccentric cam	19
Complibot: A compliant external pipe climbing robot	19
Effect of material distribution on bending and buckling response of a bidirectional FG beam exposed to a combined transverses and variable axially loads	19
Application of nonlinear energy sink for vibration suppression of mine boring machines	19
Retraction	19
Effect of asymmetric proof mass and size-dependency in flexoelectric nanoharvester subjected to base and restraint forces	18
Identification of excitation frequencies of a vibrating beam using Dynamic Mode Decomposition	18
An investigation into the effects of profile shifts on helical gear mesh stiffness	18
A study on static bending behavior of partially elastically supported functionally graded plate with porous voids and prediction of deformation through deep learning	18
A parameterized level set method for structural topology optimization using the approximate re-initialization scheme	17
Post buckling responses of carbon nanotubes’ fiber reinforced and nanoclay modified polymer matrix hybrid composite plate under in-plane buckling load using the higher order shear deformation theory	17

Kinetostatic design and development of a non-fully symmetric parallel Delta robot with one structural simplified kinematic linkage	17
Comparative study of different porosity models for the nonlinear free vibration analysis of the functionally graded cylindrical panels	17
Dynamic analysis for mechanical system with clearance joint considering dependent interval parameters	17
Design and kinematic analysis of cable-driven underactuated manipulator on spacecraft	17
Topology optimization design for thermal buckling criterion with the size effect	17
Investigation on the electromagneto-thermoelastic coupling behaviors of a rotating hollow cylinder with memory-dependent derivative	16
An analytical study of thermal environment’s effect on the free vibration of FGM double curved FG shells	16
Large deflection response of functionally graded porous structures considering geometrical nonlinearity using an improved FSDT	16
Influence of self-weight on buckling and post-buckling behavior of AFGM spring-hinged cantilever column under tip load	16
Modeling and dynamic analysis of a robotic arm with pneumatic artificial muscle by transfer matrix method	16
Non-linear vibration and parametric optimization of sandwich composite curved shell panels with graphene reinforced skins and auxetic honeycomb core	15
Nonlinear vibrations of a cantilevered conical beam with axially functionally graded material carrying a longitudinally loaded mass	15
Application of multi-optimizer neural network in predicting the time-variant response of the dynamic systems	15
Nonlinear behaviour of epoxy and epoxy-based nanocomposites: an integrated experimental and computational analysis	15
Free vibration of spinning stepped functionally graded circular cylindrical shells in a thermal environment	15
Buckling analysis of graphene nanoplatelets/polymer composite sandwich cylindrical shells with auxetic honeycomb core under external pressure	15
Optimization of cutout characteristics in AISI 1045 steel plates for high-cycle fatigue life extension	15
Experimental and finite element analysis of utilizing rectangular and trapezoidal piezoelectric energy harvester with arrays of auxetic cells	15
A unified synthesis method for timing-path generation of planar four-bar linkages	14
Investigation on free vibration behavior of laminated angle ply shell with numerical validation	14
Optimizing seismic fragility assessments for high-speed railway track bridges: a novel multi-parameter methodology and intensity measure selection	14
Continuous dependence and convergence for a Moore-Gibson-Thompson thermoelastic problem	14
Studies on multi-frequency synchronization of two pairs of counter-rotating exciters in a split drive double-body vibrating system	14
Energy efficiency enhancement of SCORBOT ER-4U manipulator using topology optimization method	14
Parametric vibration analysis of sector plates using perturbation technique	13
Stress wave propagation analysis of 2D-FGM axisymmetric finite hollow thick cylinder	13
Convex optimization framework with drift control strategies for simulating joints with clearance and friction	13
Damage identification in functionally graded material beam structures based on frequency analysis and AOA-ANN	13
Structural topology optimization for plastic-limit behavior of I-beams, considering various beam-column connections	13
Static and dynamic response analysis of corrugated core sandwich plates under patch loading	13
Mesh antenna cable net form finding optimization by an improved NSGA-II	13
Accurate free and forced vibration behavior prediction of functionally graded sandwich beams with variable cross-section: A finite element assessment	13
Practical solutions for global buckling analysis in tall buildings: classic sandwich continuous model	13
Operational deflection of a three-dimensional shaft with dual stiffness	13
Risk assessment of initial crack propagation in bearing steel based on finite element analysis and machine learning	13
Uplift derailment for near-fault high speed train-track-hybrid control cable-stayed bridge system	12
A percussion-type piezoelectric vibration energy harvester	12
Statement of Retraction: Static analysis of the FG with spatial coordinates cylindricalnanoshells in thermal environment	12
Meshless method and experimental analysis of hyperelastic plates using Mooney-Rivlin strain energy function subjected to concentrated loading	12
Analytical solutions for strain-driven Timoshenko nanobeam bending using generalized functions	12
Forced vibration analysis of viscoelastic helical rods with varying cross-section and functionally graded material	11
Topology and material optimization of an underactuated robot for gait rehabilitation	11
The study on the overloading effect on fatigue crack growth considering residual stress relaxation in Al 5456-H38	11
Dynamic and quasi-static behavior of laminated FG-CNTRC viscoelastic double-curved shells	11
Nonlocal strain gradient-based dynamic stability of functionally graded piezoelectric nanoshells considering thermo-electro-mechanical coupling effects	11
The analysis of pressurized FGM cylinders with arbitrarily varying material properties using strain based approach	11
Thermal deformations analysis of large-scale vertical Lathe	11
Finite element framework for static analysis of temperature dependent IHSDT based functionally graded CNT reinforced plates	11
Numerical analysis of lattice core sandwich plates by two-step finite element method	11
Large-amplitude vibration analysis of FG rectangular plates under rapid cooling	10

Anti-loosening mechanism of pitch difference bolt nut connections based on Junker loosening test	10
Wind-induced structural behavior and optical performance of a lightweight composite-based paraboloidal solar dish	10
Comments on: “Dynamic response of functionally graded plates resting on two-parameter-based elastic foundation model using a quasi-3D theory” [Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines	10
Elastokinematic design and optimization of the multi-link torsion axle – a novel rear axle concept for BEVs	10
Nonlinear vibration, stability, and bifurcation analysis of axially moving and spinning cylindrical shells	10
Nonlinear vibrations of a linkage mechanism: theory and experiment	10
The effect of rotation on the free vibrations in a non-homogeneous orthotropic magneto-elastic hollow sphere	10
Effects of modification on the strength–weight ratio of standard bevel gears	10
Effects of base material and magnetic field on the dynamic response of MR-laminated composite structures	10
On the mechanics of shear deformable micro beams under thermo-mechanical loads using finite element analysis and deep learning neural network	10
Stability analysis of imperfect functionally graded CNTs reinforced curved beams	10
Propagation and scattering of Rayleigh wave from an interfacial crack in a viscoelastic waveguide layer bonded to a piezoelectric substrate	10
The dynamic contact of a viscoelastic coated half-plane under a rigid flat punch	10
Thermoelastic creep evolution in a variable thickness functionally graded piezoelectric rotating annular plate considering convection and radiation heat transfer	10
Effects of rear seat design on occupant injury risk during frontal crashes: A parametric study using finite element analysis	10
Statement of Retraction: A comprehensive parametric study for hygro-thermal-vibration characteristics of the rotary composite microdisk system	10
Numerical and experimental investigation on multiaxial fatigue damage estimation of Qualmark chamber test table structures under random vibrations	10
Exploring wave propagation and attenuation in a metamaterial bar using dual-action vibration absorber with multifrequency resonators	9
Assessment of porosity influence on thermo-mechanical stability characteristics of skew functionally graded plates using higher order shear deformation theory	9
Nonlinear vibration analysis of functionally graded porous circular plates under hygro-thermal loading	9
On instabilities and thermal post-buckling of the electrically annular system coupled with shape-memory alloy fibers	9
Exploring the vibration and energy absorption characteristic of auxetic tubular structure: an experimental analysis	9
Flexibility analysis of typical roof diaphragms in steel structures using the equivalent connectors method	9
On exploiting the architecture of annual ring growth for developing a new class of bio-inspired composites	9
Dynamic analysis of spatial parallel mechanism with spherical pair lubrication clearance under fuzzy parameters	9
Refined quasi-3D shear deformation theory for buckling analysis of functionally graded curved nanobeam rested on Winkler/Pasternak/Kerr foundation	9
A comprehensive analysis of in-plane functionally graded plates using improved first-order mixed finite element model	9
Numerical analysis of bio-inspired foam-filled multi-cell tapered tubes for energy absorption	9
Definition of the shear strains in the analysis of soft materials and robots	9
On the dynamics and resonance frequency of an electro-elastic rotary non-classical piezoelectric microdisk	9
Nonlocal buckling analysis of double-walled carbon nanotubes using initial value method and matricant approach	9
Synchronous control of lifting and lowering of tunneling machine based on the high-speed digital proportional valve	8
Development and research of diaphragm hydrolic diode for positive displacement pumps	8
Nonlinear vibration of fractional piezoelectric layered plates rested on viscoelastic support using DQM	8
A variable nonlocal strain gradient theory for wave propagation analysis of infinite FGP nanosheet with surface effects in hygro-thermal environment	8
A nonlinear optimal control approach for multi-DOF redundant robotic manipulators	8
Deterministic and stochastic flexural behaviors of laminated composite thin-walled I-beams using a sinusoidal higher-order shear deformation theory	8
Post-buckling analysis of CNT-reinforced hybrid FG plates using MTSDT	8
Numerical and experimental analysis of a flame-retardant polymer material after extrusion through the printing nozzle of fused filament fabrication system	8
Transient analysis of bio-inspired shear and normal deformable laminated composite plates using a higher-order finite element model	8
On linear and nonlinear bending of functionally graded graphene nanoplatelet reinforced composite beams using Gram-Schmidt-Ritz method	8
A Semi-Analytical numerical non-stationary creep analysis of a rotating disk made of Polyamid66 under mechanical and thermal loads	8
A solution for vibration analysis of truck cabin	8
Dynamic Stability Analysis of Periodic Loaded Rotating Conical Shells using Floquet Exponent Method	8
An experimental study on a self-centering damper based on shape-memory alloy wires	8
Effects of design parameters on the static responses of two-way beam string structure	7
Thermoelastic interactions in a functionally graded material with gravity and rotation under dual-phase-lag heat conduction	7
Identification of damping as the main dynamic property of a heavy machine tool body	7
Analysis and matching of key aerodynamic parameters of the aerodynamic plate braking coach car	7
Numerical study of snow accumulation on bogies for long marshalling high-speed trains	7
Exact solution for free vibration analysis of non-uniform thickness functionally graded porous nanosheet with surface effect based on variable nonlocal and length-scale parameters	7
Thermomechanical behavior of lattice structures: An analytical, numerical, and experimental study	7
Parameter and sensitivity reliability analysis of curved composite box beam	7
Three-dimensional analysis of FG-CNTRC shell subjected to internal pressure utilizing Carrera Unified Formulation	7
Numerical simulation of fatigue crack growth in an engine heat shield	7
Theoretical modeling and vibration prediction of a spinning graphene nanoplatelet reinforced cylindrical shell internal attached with a beam	7
Stability analysis of a spinning soft-core sandwich beam with CNTs reinforced metal matrix nanocomposite skins subjected to residual stress	7
Assessment of contact forces and stresses, torque ripple and efficiency of a cycloidal gear drive and its involute kinematical equivalent	7
Energy absorption and crushing behavior of protective bionic sandwich tubes under axial compression	7
Nonlinear vibration and resonance analysis of a rectangular hyperelastic membrane surrounded by nonlinear elastic foundation	7
On the three-dimensional dynamics of microtubule by considering initially stress	7
Friction behavior of 3D printed flexible cavity structure at low-speed condition	7
Investigation of the effect of structural damping on wind turbine wind-induced fatigue loads	7
Thermo-electro-mechanical investigation of the rectangular composite plate with nano-silver coating subjected to the external voltage	7
Analytical solution on magneto-electro-elasto-hygrothermal coupling in rotating functionally graded piezoelectric/piezomagnetic cylinders on Winkler elastic foundation	7
Analytical solution of the electro-magneto-elasto-hydrothermal coupling problem of rotating functionally graded piezoelectric/piezomagnetic hollow spheres under a hydrothermal environment	7
Crushing analysis and crashworthiness characteristics of auxetic metamaterials: design space exploration with multi-objective optimization	7
A planar bisection strategy for multipoint path synthesis of four-bar linkages	7
On the free vibration characteristics of multiscale hybrid conical panels utilizing Chebyshev–Ritz route	6
Machine learning assisted buckling analysis of cantilever bio-inspired helicoidal laminated composite cylindrical shells with cutouts	6
Control of hygrothermal vibration of viscoelastic magnetostrictive laminates resting on Kerr’s foundation	6
Large amplitude vibration of sandwich beams with GPLRC face sheets and porous core under moving load	6
Architected tunable twist-compression coupling metastructures based on a generative parametric design for energy absorption and effective mechanical properties	6
Optimization of brake disk wear loss due to brake pad structure	6
Nonlocal thermoelasticity: Transient heat conduction effects on the linear and nonlinear vibration of single-walled carbon nanotubes	6
Aluminum foam to improve crash safety performance: a numerical simulation approach for the automotive industry	6
Vibration and stability analysis of drivelines with self-excitation of non-constant velocity couplings	6
Nonlinear vibration analysis of geometrically imperfect FGM Timoshenko beams with porosity and elastically restrained ends in thermal environments	6
Analytical investigation of the combined influence of magnetostriction and bandwidth on parametric noise-induced chaos in shape memory alloy micro-electromechanical cantilevers	6
Numerical assessment of bending and buckling analysis of sigmoid functionally graded (S-FGM) porous plates in framework of secant hyperbolic shear deformation theory: A finite element study	6

An experimental study on the bending fatigue behavior of concrete beams by a proposed machine	6
Nonlinear thermal vibration and postbuckling of shear deformable porous FGM circular plates with geometric imperfection and elastic edge restraint	6
Thermo-mechanical interactions in a functionally graded orthotropic thermoelastic medium with rotation and gravity	6
Prediction of bridge structure deformation and strain based on dynamic testing and intelligent algorithms	6
Natural characteristic analysis of cracked blade and its application in crack localization	6
Nonlinear vibration suppression of S-S and C-C laminated composite cylindrical shells with magnetostrictive strips	6
Statement of Retraction: Application of particle swarm optimization, and genetic algorithm methods for maximizing the phase velocity in the multi-layer nanoscale system	6
Strain gradient vibration analysis of piezoelectric composite microplate reinforced with FG-GPLs based on sinusoidal shear deformation theory	6
Sandwich composite material analysis for its application in electric rickshaw leaf spring	6
A comparative analysis of various mechanical properties of nano-graphene reinforced polymer composite: As an orthopedic implant substitute of femur bone	6
Development of exhaust gas insulation system for quarry diesel locomotives	6
Nonlinear bending of FG metal/graphene sandwich microplates with metal foam core resting on nonlinear elastic foundations via a new plate theory	6
Effects of perforated creases on the mechanical behavior and fatigue life of thick origami structures	6
A novel isogeometric model for free vibration, buckling, and transient response of double-layer BFGP curved beams with elastic boundary condition using modified first-order shear theory	6
Incorporating bearing flexibility into a digital twin for supervised machine learning-based ball bearing diagnostics	6
Adjustable Wave-like Robot (AWR): design, analysis, and experiment	6
Transversely isotropic effects on vibrational behavior of annular sectorial porous plate under in-plane loading	6
Nonlocal quasi-3d vibration/ analysis of three-layer nanoplate surrounded by Orthotropic Visco-Pasternak foundation by considering surface effects and neutral surface concept	5
A packing problem approach to grasping with a two-finger gripper with application in forest harvesting	5
Effects of tooth root cracks on vibration and dynamic transmission error responses of asymmetric gears: A comparative study	5
Numerical study of behavior of textile-reinforced composite tubes under lateral compression	5
Aero-Hygro-Thermoelastic size-dependent analysis of NCMF-reinforced GNPs sector microplates located between piezoelectric patches in supersonic flow considering surface stress effects	5
Dynamic characteristics of laminated composite CNT reinforced MRE cylindrical sandwich shells using HSDT	5
Numerical and experimental analysis of free vibrations and static bending of a sandwich beam with a hyperelastic core	5
Analyzing of continuous and discontinuous contact problems of a functionally graded layer: theory of elasticity and finite element method	5
A closed-form solution for dynamic analysis of auxetic sandwich cylindrical structures with FG face sheets under moving pressure	5
The effects of coolant on the cutting temperature, surface roughness and tool wear in turning operations of Ti6Al4V alloy	5
Effect of phase lags of moisture–heat flow on the hygrothermoelastic field of hollow cylinders with convective surfaces	5
A new probabilistic long-period critical excitation procedure for isolated building structures	5
Thermo-elasticity displacement formulation for constrained articulated mechanical systems	5
Consideration of surface roughness during the design of internal structures for fluid transport produced by additive manufacturing of PEEK	5
Free and forced thermomechanical vibration and buckling responses of functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic porous nanoplates	5
Dynamic response analysis of a shaft-disk-drum rotor system with interval uncertainties	5
Design, rapid manufacturing and modeling of a reduced-scale forwarder crane with closed kinematic chain	5
Challenges and solutions to arc-length controlled structural shape design problems	5
Reliability assessment of the mining monorail crane drive system under heavy load and steep slope conditions	5
Exact solution for dynamic analysis of a shape memory polymer plate subjected to the initial conditions	5
Free vibration and supersonic flutter analyses of a sandwich cylindrical shell with CNT-reinforced honeycomb core integrated with piezoelectric layers	5
Approximate modeling of cross-beam multi-axis force/moment sensor through Gaussian process and partial dependence plots for design optimization including stress topology	5
Optimum synthesis of mechanisms with uncertainties quantification throughout the maximum likelihood estimators and bootstrap confidence intervals	5
Stochastic FEM-based thermal buckling of SMA fiber-reinforced composite laminated plate using polynomial chaos	5
An innovative application of double slider-crank mechanism in efficient of the scanning acoustic microscopy system	5
Research on influence mechanism of prefabricated hole on life extension of compressor impeller	5
Tree-type hybrid mechanism configuration synthesis based on modular decomposition and power-concentrated joint closed-loop design	5
Dexterity distribution design for attitude adjustment of multi-joint robotics based on singularity-free workspace decomposition	5
Non-linear primary resonance analysis of stiffened FGM conical panels resting on viscoelastic foundation	5
A semi-analytical methodology for predicting the vibroacoustic response of functionally graded nanoplates under thermal loads	5
Torsional buckling response of FG porous thick truncated conical shell panels reinforced by GPLs supporting on Winkler elastic foundation	5
An active trailer steering design for long combination vehicles	5
Precise modeling and stress response analysis of the aero-engine clamp: A simulation and experimental study	5
Experimental biomechanical investigation of surrogate headforms equipped with Patka helmet against high-velocity ballistic impact	5
Nonlinear vibration analysis of a pyramid lattice sandwich plate in subsonic airflow	5
Optimization of CNT/polymer/fiber laminated truncated conical panels for maximum fundamental frequency and minimum cost	5
The method of task-driven structural synthesis for the creative design of the planar manipulator	5
Bending and free vibration analysis of FG circular plates using a five unknown high order shear deformation theory	5
Vibration damping by enhancing of magneto-rheological damper performance using novel smart fluid	4
Active prediction compensation strategy: A new positioning compensation technique for improving the accuracy of the dual ball screw feed mechanism under load	4
Design analysis and development of a gantry robot for multi-layer 3-D concrete printing with simulation and experimental validation	4
Dynamic analysis and performance assessment of a vibratory feeder for different motor positions on trough	4
Dynamic optimization of anchor points positions in a cable driven exosuit: a computer simulation approach	4
Influence of porosity and nonuniform in-plane edge loads on vibration and buckling response of power law and sigmoid function based FG sandwich plates with geometrical discontinuities	4
Free vibration and nonlinear transient analysis of functionally graded graphene origami-enabled auxetic metamaterial cylindrical shells: Analytical and artificial neural network approaches	4
Vibration characteristics of sandwich plates with GPLRC core and piezoelectric face sheets with various electrical and mechanical boundary conditions	4
Cutout effects on the dynamic analysis of laminated composite plates resting on two-parameter elastic foundation	4
Probability analysis of train-bridge coupled system considering track irregularities and parameter uncertainty	4
Analytical modeling and simulations of dynamic mode-III fracture in pre-stressed dry sandy elastic continuum	4
Viscoelastic damped response of laminated composite shells subjected to various dynamic loads	4
Experimental and numerical investigation on novel three-dimensional printed bio-inspired hexagonal lattices for energy absorption and stiffness behavior	4
Influence law of subgrade differential settlement on longitudinal ballastless track irregularity considering interlayer contact stiffness randomness	4
Enhanced design parameters of a cylindrical helical compression spring using an optimization algorithm and a non-linear behavior model	4
On the vibration responses of orthotropic laminated cylindrical panels with non-uniform porosity distributions using higher-order shear deformation theory	4
Integrated design algorithm for branching structures	4
Wave propagation analysis of cylindrical sandwich shell with auxetic core utilizing first-order shear deformable theory (FSDT)	4
A novel analytical-based viewpoint for MEMS mass spring system: systematic design guideline for dimensional tolerance and footprint reduction powered by dimensionless analysis	4
Vibration simulation of a ball bearing with the combined imperfections and velocity fluctuations	4
Non-linear assessment of tunable vibrating ring micro-gyroscopes design	4
Nonlinear postbuckling and snap-through instability of movable simply supported BDFG porous plates rested on elastic foundations	4
Dynamics for rigid-flexible-thermal coupled solar panel multibody system composed of composite laminated shells	4
Large deflection analysis of functionally graded reinforced sandwich beams with auxetic core using physics-informed neural network	4
Investigation and prediction of hybrid composite leaf spring using deep neural network based rat swarm optimization	4
Theoretical modeling and tightening strategy analysis of single bolt and double bolts pre-tightening in the casing connection system	4
Repair of damaged composite materials after patching experimental investigation of influencing factors	4
Static and thermal instability analysis of embedded functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite plates based on HSDT via GDQM and validated modeling by neural network	4
Power generation performance of a bistable speed bump vibration energy harvester	4
Numerical modeling and experimental investigation on the effect of rotation speed on microstructural evaluation and mechanical properties of copper during friction stir processing	4
Crashworthiness analysis of hierarchically reinforced double-square tubes under axial impact	4
Optimizing plastic shredder rotor design through structural finite element analysis: A comprehensive approach using experimental design and response surface methodology	4
A new method of micro-slip contact normal pressure modeling and its application in the dynamic analysis of the dovetail–tenon–mortise jointed blades	4
Nonlinear dynamic analysis of worn gas foil bearings	4
Analytical study of electro-mechanical parameters on Love wave in an imperfectly bonded VPCM layered structure	4
Reliability-based simultaneous optimization of quantities, positions, and parameters of inerter-based vibration absorbers to minimize the probability of building failure during earthquakes via the CIO	4
Free vibration behavior in functionally graded material plates with dual efficient quadrilateral finite elements	4
Nonlinear response of rotor system with bearing dynamic misalignment	4
Static and vibration analysis of functionally graded gears	4
An investigation of hybrid models FEA coupled with AHP-ELECTRE, RSM-GA, and ANN-GA into the process parameter optimization of high-quality deep-drawn cylindrical copper cups	4