Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures

Article	Citations
Lightweight sandwich structures for marine applications: a review	93
A review on application of mechanical metamaterials for vibration control	60
Carrera unified formulation (CUF) for the micropolar plates and shells. I. Higher order theory	53
Vibration and nonlinear dynamic analysis of sandwich FG-CNTRC plate with porous core layer	52
Practical machine learning-based prediction model for axial capacity of square CFST columns	43
Mechanical properties of carbon/glass fiber reinforced polymer plates with sandwich structure exposed to freezing-thawing environment: Effects of water immersion, bending loading and fiber hybrid mode	43
Effect of fiber hybridization types on the mechanical properties of carbon/glass fiber reinforced polymer composite rod	43
Vibration and nonlinear dynamic response of imperfect sandwich piezoelectric auxetic plate	41
A review on the energy absorption response and structural applications of auxetic structures	39
Analytical study of the impact response of shear deformable sandwich cylindrical shell with a functionally graded porous core	37
Vibration characteristics of graphene nanoplatelet reinforced disk-shaft rotor with eccentric mass	37
Efficient CUF-based FEM analysis of thin-wall structures with Lagrange polynomial expansion	37
Improving the brittle behavior of high strength concrete using banana and palm leaf sheath fibers	35
Carrera unified formulation (CUF) for the micropolar plates and shells. II. Complete linear expansion case	34
Stochastic frequency analysis of laminated composite plate with curvilinear fiber	33
Mechanical behavior and deformation mechanism of triply periodic minimal surface sheet under compressive loading	33
Process-structure-property of additively manufactured continuous carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic: an investigation of mode I interlaminar fracture toughness	33
Comparative analysis of different machine learning algorithms to predict mechanical properties of concrete	33
The effects of surroundings and stiffeners in the CUF-based postbuckling analysis of composite panels under in-plane shear	32
Frequency and buckling responses of a high-speed rotating fiber metal laminated cantilevered microdisk	30
Optimum material distribution of porous functionally graded plates using Carrera unified formulation based on isogeometric analysis	29
Non-local multi-fields coupling response of a piezoelectric semiconductor nanofiber under shear force	29
Exact closed-form solutions for nonlocal beams with loading discontinuities	29
Additively manufactured mechanical metamaterials based on triply periodic minimal surfaces: Performance, challenges, and application	29
Carrera unified formulation for the micropolar plates	28

A novel 3D printable multimaterial auxetic metamaterial with reinforced structure: Improved stiffness and retained auxetic behavior	28
Influence of fiber misalignments on buckling performance of variable stiffness composites using layerwise models and random fields	28
Nonlinear deflection analysis of CNT/magneto-electro-elastic smart shells under multi-physics loading	28
Bending and hygro-thermo-mechanical vibration analysis of a functionally graded porous sandwich nanoshell resting on elastic foundation	26
Characterization of additively manufactured triply periodic minimal surface structures under compressive loading	26
Mechanical and microstructural properties of expanded polyethylene powder/mica filled hybrid polystyrene composites	26
Stress-based topology optimization through non-uniform rational basis spline hyper-surfaces	25
Research on prediction method of mechanical properties of open-hole laminated plain woven CFRP composites considering drilling-induced delamination damage	24
Nonlinear buckling mode transition analysis in nonlocal couple stress-based stability of FG piezoelectric nanoshells under thermo-electromechanical load	24
Evaluation of various properties for spent alumina catalyst and Si3N4 reinforced with PET-based polymer composite	24
Hypervelocity impact on honeycomb structure reinforced with bi-layer ceramic/aluminum facesheets used for spacecraft shielding	24
Hygro-thermo-elastic nonlinear analysis of functionally graded porous composite thin and moderately thick shallow panels	24
Porosity effect on the nonlinear deflection of functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic smart shells under combined loading	23
Mechanical properties and energy–absorption capabilities of thermoplastic sheet gyroid structures	23
A linearized consistent mixed displacement-pressure formulation for hyperelasticity	23
Crushing characteristics of bionic thin-walled tubes inspired by bamboo and beetle forewing	23
Surface elastic waves whispering gallery modes based subwavelength tunable waveguide and cavity modes of the phononic crystals	23
Investigation of the energy absorption capacity of foam-filled 3D-printed glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic auxetic honeycomb structures	23
Efficient machine-learning algorithm applied to predict the transient shock reaction of the elastic structure partially rested on the viscoelastic substrate	22
Electroplasticity: A review of mechanisms in electro-mechanical coupling of ductile metals	22
Crushing behaviors of horse-hoof-wall inspired corrugated tubes under multiple loading conditions	22
Buckling analysis of curved sandwich microbeams made of functionally graded materials via the stress-driven nonlocal integral model	21
Finite elements based on Jacobi shape functions for the free vibration analysis of beams, plates, and shells	21
Multiobjective optimization of axially varying thickness lateral corrugated tubes for energy absorption	21
Numerical simulation of deployable ultra-thin composite shell structures for space applications and comparison with experiments	21
Effect of nanocomposites rate on the crack propagation in the adhesive of single lap joint subjected to tension	20
Hygro-thermo-mechanical based bending analysis of symmetric and unsymmetric power-law, exponential and sigmoidal FG sandwich beams	20
Thickness effect study on the crushing characteristics of aluminum and composite tubes: Numerical analysis and multi-objective optimization	20
Out-of-plane impact analysis for a bioinspired sinusoidal honeycomb	20
An efficient reliability-based design optimization study for PCM-based heat-sink used for cooling electronic devices	20
Development of artificial intelligence based model for the prediction of Young’s modulus of polymer/carbon-nanotubes composites	20
Application of artificial intelligence technique in optimization and prediction of the stability of the walls against wind loads in building design	20
Effect of the addition of TiB2 with waste glass powder on microstructure, mechanical and physical behavior of PET-based polymer composite material	20
Nanoindentation-probed Oliver-Pharr half-spaces in alkali-activated slag-fly ash pastes: Multimethod identification of microelasticity and hardness	19
In-plane impact dynamics of honeycomb structure containing curved reentrant sides with negative Poisson’s ratio effect	19
Carrera unified formulation (CUF) for the micropolar plates and shells. III. Classical models	19
A novel vision measurement system for health monitoring of tunnel structures	19
Bending, free vibration and buckling analyses of AFG flexoelectric nanobeams based on the strain gradient theory	19
Multi-scale uncertainty quantification of composite laminated plate considering random and interval variables with data driven PCE method	18
Multistable mechanical metamaterials with highly tunable strength and energy absorption performance	18
Mechanical buckling analysis of thick FGM toroidal shell segments with porosities using Reddy’s higher order shear deformation theory	18
Application of Carrera unified formulation in conjunction with finite strip method in static and stability analysis of functionally graded plates	18
On vibrational-based numerical simulation of a jet engine cowl shell-like structure	18
Experiments and predictive modeling of optimized fiber-reinforced concrete columns having FRP rebars and hoops	18
Effect of interfacial imperfections on SH-wave propagation in a porous piezoelectric composite	18
Extended finite element method simulation and experimental test on failure behavior of defects under uniaxial compression	18
Prediction and feature analysis of punching shear strength of two-way reinforced concrete slabs using optimized machine learning algorithm and Shapley additive explanations	18
Fracture analysis of nanobeams based on the stress-driven non-local theory of elasticity	17
Reflection of hygrothermal waves in a Nonlocal Theory of coupled thermo-elasticity	17
Dynamic response of fluid-conveying hybrid smart carbon nanotubes considering slip boundary conditions under a moving nanoparticle	17

A modified hybrid method for a reliability-based design optimization applied to an offshore wind turbine	17
Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) for the composite shells of revolution. Equivalent single layer models	17
Cancelation of acoustic scattering from a smart hybrid ERF/PZT-based double‐wall composite spherical shell structure	17
Microstructure reconstruction using diffusion-based generative models	17
Vibro-acoustic analysis of the sound transmission through aerospace composite structures	17
Free vibration and stability of hybrid nanocomposite-reinforced shallow toroidal shells using an extended closed-form formula based on the Galerkin method	17
Reflection of plane waves in a nonlocal microstretch thermoelastic medium with temperature dependent properties under three-phase-lag model	17
A novel planar auxetic phononic crystal with periodic cookie-shaped cellular microstructures	17
Free vibration analysis of curved metallic and composite beam structures using a novel variable-kinematic DQ method	17
A base excited mixed-connected inerter-based quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolator with mistuned load	16
Crashworthiness design and analysis for novel multi-corner square columns under axial loading	16
Development of a hybrid artificial intelligence model to predict the uniaxial compressive strength of a new aseismic layer made of rubber-sand concrete	16
Memory-dependent and fractional order analysis of the initially stressed piezo-thermoelastic medium	16
A simple refined plate theory for the analysis of bending, buckling and free vibration of functionally graded porous plates reinforced by graphene platelets	16
An extension of the Hamilton variational principle for piezoelectric bodies with dipolar structure	16
Crashing performance and multi-objective optimization of honeycomb-filled thin-walled energy absorber with axisymmetric thickness	16
Low-frequency property and vibration reduction design of chiral star-shaped compositive mechanical metamaterials	16
A finite element model for static analysis of curved thin-walled beams based on the concept of equivalent layered composite cross section	16
An experimental and numerical investigation on the performance of novel hybrid bio-inspired 3D printed lattice structures for stiffness and energy absorption applications	16
Topological surface wave metamaterials for robust vibration attenuation and energy harvesting	16
Unified one-dimensional finite element for the analysis of hyperelastic soft materials and structures	16
Classification and prediction of multidamages in smart composite laminates using discriminant analysis	16
Effect of weaving patterns on damage resistance of 3D woven jointless T and H shaped reinforcements	16
Influence of varying fiber volume fractions on plane waves reflecting from the stress-free/rigid surface of a piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composite half-space	16
Structural design and characteristics of a non-pneumatic tire with honeycomb structure	15
Nonlinear free vibration of multifunctional sandwich plates with auxetic core and magneto-electro-elastic facesheets of different micro-topological textures: FE approach	15
Finite element analyses of porous dental implant designs based on 3D printing concept to evaluate biomechanical behaviors of healthy and osteoporotic bones	15
Energy absorption behaviors of foam-filled holed tube subjected to axial crushing: Experimental and theoretical investigations	15
On geometrical configurations of vibration-driven piezoelectric energy harvesters for optimum energy transduction: A critical review	15
Numerical prediction of various defects and their formation mechanism during friction stir welding using coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian technique	15
Energy absorption prediction and optimization of corrugation-reinforced multicell square tubes based on machine learning	15
Synthesis, experimental testing and multi-scale modelling of graphene foam/epoxy composite	15
A design and optimization framework of variable-density lattice structures for additive manufacturing	15
Numerical investigation of high velocity impact on foam-filled honeycomb structures including foam fracture model	15
Polymer-based nanocomposites for impact loading: A review	15
Size dependent free vibration analysis of 2D-functionally graded curved nanobeam by meshless method	15
Eringen’s nonlocal and modified couple stress theories applied to vibrating rotating nanobeams with temperature effects	15
Crashworthiness of double-gradient hierarchical hexagonal tubes under multiple loads	15
Free vibration analysis of rotating FGP sandwich cylindrical shells with metal-foam core layer	15
Design and modeling of a novel multi-beam piezoelectric smart structure for vibration energy harvesting	14
Cost-to-performance assessment of polyvinyl alcohol fibers in concrete structures	14
Aluminum foam-filled auxetic double tubular structures: Design and characteristic study	14
Axisymmetric analysis of auxetic composite cylindrical shells with honeycomb core layer and variable thickness subjected to combined axial and non-uniform radial pressures	14
Static and fatigue compression behaviour of conventional and auxetic open-cell foam	14
The extended Rayleigh-Ritz method for an analysis of nonlinear vibrations	14
Large amplitude free vibration of porous skew and elliptical nanoplates based on nonlocal elasticity by isogeometric analysis	14
Crushing behavior of multi-cell tubes with a novel pattern of design for their cross-section under multiple crushing angles	14
Analysis of metallic and functionally graded beams using isogeometric approach and Carrera Unified Formulation	14
Thermomechanical vibration and buckling response of nonlocal strain gradient porous FG nanobeams subjected to magnetic and thermal fields	14
Free vibration analysis of composite laminated beams with curvilinear fibers via refined theories	14
Data-driven analysis of concrete-filled steel-tube CFRP-confined NSC columns	14
Bioinspired porous dental implants using the concept of 3D printing to investigate the effect of implant type and porosity on patient's bone condition	14
Reliability based and robust design optimization of truss and composite plate using particle swarm optimization	14
Negative Poisson’s ratio lattice for designing vertebral biomaterials	14
Comparative analysis of mechanical properties and energy absorption capabilities of functionally graded and non-graded thermoplastic sheet gyroid structures	14
Improved output force response speed of the biological gel artificial muscle prepared from carboxylated chitosan and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose	14
Elastoplastic mean-field homogenization: recent advances review	14
Rotordynamic analyses with variable-kinematic beam and shell finite elements	13
Crashworthiness analysis of a novel bioinspired hexagonal honeycomb under out-of-plane crushing	13
Band-gap characteristics of elastic metamaterial plate with axial rod core by the finite element and spectral element hybrid method	13
Creep life prediction for a nickel-based single crystal turbine blade	13
Crushing behaviors of novel multi-cell square tubes and its hierarchical multi-cell structures under axial loading	13
Numerical investigation to evaluate the energy effect on the impact resistance of an aircraft carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composite	13
Mechanical properties of a novel two-phase hybrid plate-lattice metamaterial	13
Topology optimization of constrained layer damping plates with frequency- and temperature-dependent viscoelastic core via parametric level set method	13
Study on theoretical modeling and mechanical performance of a spinning porous graphene nanoplatelet reinforced beam attached with double blades	13
Microstructural and mechanical properties of the plantain fiber/local clay filled hybrid polystyrene composites	13
Mechanical performance of 3D-printing annular honeycomb with tailorable Poisson’s ratio	13
Assessing effects of parameters of viscoelastic foundation on the dynamic response of functionally graded plates using a novel HSDT theory	13
In-plane dynamic impact response and energy absorption of Miura-origami reentrant honeycombs	13
Modification of hexachiral unit cell to enhance auxetic stent performance	13
Interaction between interfacial damage and crack propagation in quasi-brittle materials	13
Investigation of effect of perforations in honeycomb sandwich structure for enhanced blast load mitigation	13
Crashworthiness analysis of hexagonal hierarchical gradient tubes with axial variable thickness inspired by tree fractal structure	13
Mathematical modeling and test verification of viscoelastic materials considering microstructures and ambient temperature influence	13
Peltier and Seebeck effects on a nonlocal couple stress double porous thermoelastic diffusive material under memory-dependent Moore-Gibson-Thompson theory	13
Thermoelastic stability of CNT patterned conical shells under thermal loading in the framework of shear deformation theory	12
Nonlinear flexural free vibrations of size-dependent graphene platelets reinforced curved nano/micro beams by finite element approach coupled with trigonometric shear flexible theory	12
Conjugate heat transfer analysis within in lattice-filled heat exchanger for additive manufacturing	12
Effects of memory response and impedance barrier on reflection of plane waves in a nonlocal micropolar porous thermo-diffusive medium	12

Carrera unified formulation (CUF) for the shells of revolution. Numerical evaluation	12
Rapid repair of partially damaged GFRP-reinforced recycled aggregate concrete columns using FRP composites	12
An analysis of band gap characteristics of metamaterial plates with dual helix cells	12
Influence of relative density distribution rules on the mechanical compression responses of additive manufactured Ti6Al4V graded lattice structures	12
Structure design of arc-shaped auxetic metamaterials with tunable Poisson’s ratio	12
Active tuning of flexural wave in periodic steel-concrete composite beam with shunted cement-based piezoelectric patches	12
Interaction between torsional deformation and mobile charges in a composite rod of piezoelectric dielectrics and nonpiezoelectric semiconductors	12
Quasi-static crushing response of additive manufactured 3D reentrant circular auxetics with different polymer matrices	12
Influence of pore sizes in 3D-scaffolds on mechanical properties of scaffolds and survival, distribution, and proliferation of human chondrocytes	12
Rigid-flexible coupling simulation and experimental vibration analysis of pistachio tree for optimal mechanized harvesting efficiency	12
Investigation of fatigue crack growth in engineering components containing different types of material irregularities by XFEM	12
In-plane dynamic crushing of a novel hybrid auxetic honeycomb with enhanced energy absorption	12
Numerical and experiment investigation on joining process and failure behaviors of CFRP/Al electromagnetic riveted joint	12
Buckling and vibration of beams using Ritz method: Effects of axial grading of GPL and axially varying load	12
Elastic deformability and zero Poisson’s ratio within a novel structure inspired by the gardenia from nature	12
Calibration of the length scale parameter for the stress-driven nonlocal elasticity model from quasi-static and dynamic experiments	12
Thermo-mechanical nonlinear transient dynamic and Dynamic-Buckling analysis of functionally graded material shell structures using an implicit conservative/decaying time integration scheme	12
Reflection of plane waves in a fraction-order generalized magneto-thermoelasticity in a rotating triclinic solid half-space	12
Crashworthiness performance of square, pentagonal, and hexagonal thin-walled structures with a new sectional design	12
Numerical evaluation of beam models based on the modified couple stress theory	12
Study on the crashworthiness of star-shaped multicellular tubes	12
Large deformation in bi-material components by XIGA and coupled FE-IGA techniques	12
Thermo-elastic buckling behaviors of advanced fluid-infiltrated porous shells integrated with GPLs-reinforced nanocomposite patches	11
Efficient free vibration analysis of FGM sandwich flat panels with conventional shell elements	11
Crashworthiness of bionic tree-shaped hexagonal hierarchical gradient structures under oblique crushing conditions	11
Dynamic response of graded PVC foam sandwich panel under air blast loads	11
Finite element analysis of energy absorption characteristics for biomimetic thin-walled multi-cellular structure inspired by horsetails	11
Process modeling and characterization of thermoset composites for residual stress prediction	11
Numerical simulation of delamination growth in fiber reinforced polymer laminates using cohesive zone modeling	11
Investigation on the interphase effects on the energy harvesting characteristics of three phase magneto-electro-elastic cantilever beam	11
Quasi-P wave through orthotropic piezo-thermoelastic materials subject to higher order fractional and memory-dependent derivatives	11
Mechanical properties and energy absorption performance of bio-inspired dual architecture phase lattice structures	11
Coupled flexural torsional analysis and buckling optimization of variable stiffness thin-walled composite beams	11
Study on the energy absorption performance of bionic tube inspired by yak horn	11
Free vibration of shear deformable symmetric VSCL elliptical plates by a curved rectangular p-element	11
Investigations on crush behavior and energy absorption characteristics of GFRP composite conical frusta with a cutout under axial compression loading	11
FEM-ANN approach to predict nonlinear pyro-coupled deflection of sandwich plates with agglomerated porous nanocomposite core and piezo-magneto-elastic facings in thermal environment	11
An energy-based model of dielectric elastomer minimum energy structures with stiffeners: Equilibrium configuration and the electromechanical response	11
Energy absorption characteristics and crashworthiness of rhombic hierarchical gradient multicellular hexagonal tubes	11
Deformation and energy absorption of the laminated reentrant honeycomb structures under static and dynamic loadings	11
Hygrothermal wave dispersion analysis of metal foam microplates strengthened by graphene embedded in a viscoelastic medium under 2D magnetic field effect	11
Wave propagation in continuous bimodular media	11
Tensile and shear properties of star-shaped cellular lattice structure	11
Vibration control and band gap tuning of finite periodic structure composed by active functionally graded metamaterial bars	11
Thermally vibrational analyses of functionally graded graphene nanoplatelets reinforced funnel shells with different complex shapes surrounded by elastic foundation	11
Surface wave dispersion in imperfectly bonded flexoelectric-piezoelectric/FGPM bi-composite in contact of Newtonian liquid	11
Forced vibration analysis of composite-geometrically exact elliptical cone helices via mixed FEM	11
Isotropized Voigt-Reuss model for prediction of elastic properties of particulate composites	11
Bending and vibration studies of FG porous sandwich beam with viscoelastic boundary conditions: FE approach	11
Effect of geometric configuration on compression behavior of 3D-printed polymeric triply periodic minimal surface sheets	10
Estimating the burst pressure of a filament wound composite pressure vessel using two-scale and multi-scale analyses	10
Energy absorption characteristics analysis of multicellular columns based on the origami centripetal folding method	10
Thermomechanical vibration response of nanoplates with magneto-electro-elastic face layers and functionally graded porous core using nonlocal strain gradient elasticity	10
Theoretical modelling of soft robotic gripper with bioinspired fibrillar adhesives	10
Localization of low velocity impacts on CFRP laminates based on FBG sensors and BP neural networks	10
An analytical study of transient thermo-viscoelastic responses of viscoelastic laminated sandwich composite structure for vibration control	10
Behavior of tube-reinforced double-layer honeycomb sandwich structure subjected to low-velocity impact	10
Prediction of the in-plane vibration behavior of porous annular plate with porosity distributions in the thickness and radial directions	10
Component-wise approach to reinforced concrete structures	10
Ballistic performance of composite armor with dual layer piecewise ceramic tiles under sequential impact of two projectiles	10
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Convergence study on ultrasonic guided wave propagation modes in an axisymmetric cylindrical waveguide	10
Evaluation of the effects of the seismic wave incidence angle on soil-structure interactions via advanced finite beam elements	10
Size-dependent vibration of laminated functionally graded curved beams covered with piezoelectric layers	10
Topography and wettability characterization of surfaces manufactured by SLM and treated by chemical etching	10
Intelligent monitoring of tunnel structures based on vision measurement technologies	10
Electric field-induced nonlinear behavior of lead zirconate titanate piezoceramic actuators in bending mode	10
Geometrically nonlinear large-deflection analysis of heated functionally graded composite panels with single and multiple perforations	10
An analysis of the propagation of surface acoustic waves in a substrate covered by a metal T-plate with the Carrera unified formulation	10
Failure risk assessment method of masonry structures under earthquakes and flood scouring	10
Thermal-vibration aging of fiber-reinforced polymer cylindrical shells with polyurea coating: Theoretical and experimental studies	10
Two-phase local/nonlocal mixture models for buckling analysis of higher-order refined shear deformation beams under thermal effect	10
Electro-structural analysis and optimization studies of laminated composite beam energy harvester	10
An exact Fourier series method for vibration analysis of elastically connected laminated composite double-beam system with elastic constraints	10
Crushing and theoretical analysis of multi-cell tube filled with auxetic structure under axial impact loading	10
Comparison and identification of efficient nanoparticles to improve the impact resistance of glass/epoxy laminates: Experimental and numerical approaches	10
Bending behaviors of the in-plane bidirectional functionally graded piezoelectric material plates	9
Topology optimization of anisotropy hierarchical honeycomb acoustic metamaterials for extreme multi-broad band gaps	9
A novel similitude method for predicting natural frequency of FG porous plates under thermal environment	9
Bistable inclined beam connected in series for quasi-zero stiffness	9
Layer-wise solutions for variable stiffness composite laminated sandwich plate using curvilinear fibers	9
Investigation of free and forced vibration of GFRP corrugated bio-inspired sandwich beam with HSDT: Numerical and experimental study	9
A study on mechanism of sapphire polishing using the diamond abrasive by molecular dynamics	9
Effect of geometrical parameters on the nonlinear behavior of DE-based minimum energy structures: Numerical modeling and experimental investigation	9
Additively manufactured negative stiffness structures for shock absorber applications	9
Influence of SD effect on Johnson–Cook hardening constitutive material model: Numerical and experimental investigation for armor steel	9
Nonlinear buckling analysis of a sandwich composite semi-ellipsoidal shell under hydrostatic pressure: A numerical and experimental investigation	9
Design and analysis of a thick Miura-ori folded structure with large negative Poisson’s ratio	9
Effect of metal type on the energy absorption of fiber metal laminates under low-velocity impact	9
Experimental, regression learner, numerical, and artificial neural network analyses on a complex composite structure subjected to compression loading	9
A deep learning approach based on a data-driven tool for classification and prediction of thermoelastic wave’s band structures for phononic crystals	9
Porosity-dependent free vibration and transient responses of functionally graded composite plates employing higher order thickness stretching model	9
Understanding size and strain induced variabilities in thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes: a molecular dynamics study	9
Continuous curvilinear variable stiffness design for improved strength of a panel with a cutout	9
Reflection and transmission of three-dimensional plane wave between distinct fiber-reinforced medium under initial stress	9
Large deflection analysis of FGM/magneto-electro-elastic smart shells with porosities under multi-physics loading	9