Biosystems Engineering

Article	Citations
Identification and recognition of rice diseases and pests using convolutional neural networks	260
Channel pruned YOLO V5s-based deep learning approach for rapid and accurate apple fruitlet detection before fruit thinning	149
Faster R–CNN–based apple detection in dense-foliage fruiting-wall trees using RGB and depth features for robotic harvesting	119
Yield estimation in cotton using UAV-based multi-sensor imagery	119
Instance segmentation of apple flowers using the improved mask R–CNN model	97
Detecting powdery mildew disease in squash at different stages using UAV-based hyperspectral imaging and artificial intelligence	88
Recognition of diseased Pinus trees in UAV images using deep learning and AdaBoost classifier	81
Detection of maturity stages of coconuts in complex background using Faster R-CNN model	74
Real-time weed-crop classification and localisation technique for robotic weed control in lettuce	72
Image analysis for individual identification and feeding behaviour monitoring of dairy cows based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)	68
A computer vision-based method for spatial-temporal action recognition of tail-biting behaviour in group-housed pigs	68
Safety and ergonomics in human-robot interactive agricultural operations	62
Combining plant height, canopy coverage and vegetation index from UAV-based RGB images to estimate leaf nitrogen concentration of summer maize	60
Visual detection of green mangoes by an unmanned aerial vehicle in orchards based on a deep learning method	59
Combining generative adversarial networks and agricultural transfer learning for weeds identification	53
Yield estimation of soybean breeding lines under drought stress using unmanned aerial vehicle-based imagery and convolutional neural network	51
Fully convolutional networks for blueberry bruising and calyx segmentation using hyperspectral transmittance imaging	51
Animal-related, non-invasive indicators for determining heat stress in dairy cows	49
A real-time table grape detection method based on improved YOLOv4-tiny network in complex background	48
A review of measuring, assessing and mitigating heat stress in dairy cattle	47
Application of hyperspectral imaging systems and artificial intelligence for quality assessment of fruit, vegetables and mushrooms: A review	47
Non-destructive evaluation of soluble solids content of apples using a developed portable Vis/NIR device	46
Cow identification based on fusion of deep parts features	45
A litchi fruit recognition method in a natural environment using RGB-D images	45
Classification of drinking and drinker-playing in pigs by a video-based deep learning method	44

Determination of material and interaction properties of maize and wheat kernels for DEM simulation	44
Scaled-up rice grain modelling for DEM calibration and the validation of hopper flow	41
Meta-analysis of greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions from dairy manure composting	40
Influence of the downwash airflow distribution characteristics of a plant protection UAV on spray deposit distribution	40
A data fusion approach on confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electronic nose for quantitative evaluation of pesticide residue in tea	40
Performance analysis of a tractor - power harrow system under different working conditions	40
Numerical simulation of airflow field from a six–rotor plant protection drone using lattice Boltzmann method	39
Automatic recognition of feeding and foraging behaviour in pigs using deep learning	39
Modelling of moving drying process and analysis of drying characteristics for germinated brown rice under continuous microwave drying	38
Automatic non-destructive video estimation of maturation levels in Fuji apple (Malus Malus pumila) fruit in orchard based on colour (Vis) and spectral (NIR) data	38
Robust node detection and tracking in fruit-vegetable crops using deep learning and multi-view imaging	38
Simulation of rice threshing performance with concentric and non-concentric threshing gaps	37
An overview of process monitoring for anaerobic digestion	37
Deep learning architectures for semantic segmentation and automatic estimation of severity of foliar symptoms caused by diseases or pests	36
GreenLight – An open source model for greenhouses with supplemental lighting: Evaluation of heat requirements under LED and HPS lamps	36
Hyperspectral imaging technology combined with deep learning for hybrid okra seed identification	36
An automatic recognition framework for sow daily behaviours based on motion and image analyses	36
Draft force prediction for a high-speed disc implement using discrete element modelling	36
Energy, carbon and water footprints on agricultural machinery	35
Spatiotemporal variability of leaf photosynthesis and its linkage with microclimates across an environment-controlled greenhouse	34
Assessment of dairy cow heat stress by monitoring drinking behaviour using an embedded imaging system	34
Intelligent intra-row robotic weeding system combining deep learning technology with a targeted weeding mode	34
Seed motion characteristics and seeding performance of a centralised seed metering system for rapeseed investigated by DEM simulation and bench testing	34
In-field and non-destructive monitoring of grapes maturity by hyperspectral imaging	33
A mango picking vision algorithm on instance segmentation and key point detection from RGB images in an open orchard	33
An efficient method for determining DEM parameters of a loose cohesive soil modelled using hysteretic spring and linear cohesion contact models	32
A CNN-based lightweight ensemble model for detecting defective carrots	32
Detection of the respiratory rate of standing cows by combining the Deeplab V3+ semantic segmentation model with the phase-based video magnification algorithm	31
Symmetry-based 3D shape completion for fruit localisation for harvesting robots	30
The use of UAVs in monitoring yellow sigatoka in banana	30
Discrete element modelling of citrus fruit stalks and its verification	30
Power density based fatigue load spectrum editing for accelerated durability testing for tractor front axles	29
A machine learning framework to predict the next month's daily milk yield, milk composition and milking frequency for cows in a robotic dairy farm	29
Energy cost reduction by shifting electricity demand in indoor vertical farms with artificial lighting	29
A CFD analysis on improving lettuce canopy airflow distribution in a plant factory considering the crop resistance and LEDs heat dissipation	29
Real time detection of inter-row ryegrass in wheat farms using deep learning	29
Hyperspectral imaging for identification of Zebra Chip disease in potatoes	28
Non-destructive discrimination of avocado fruit ripeness using laser Doppler vibrometry	28
Simulation and parameter optimisation of a centrifugal rice seeding spreader for a UAV	28
Calibration of discrete-element-method model parameters of bulk wheat for storage	27
Effect of directional augmentation using supervised machine learning technologies: A case study of strawberry powdery mildew detection	27
Analysis of passive downdraught evaporative cooling windcatcher for greenhouses in hot climatic conditions: Parametric study and impact of neighbouring structures	27
A method of citrus epidermis defects detection based on an improved YOLOv5	27
Modal vibration response of rice combine harvester frame under multi-source excitation	27
Active thermal imaging for immature citrus fruit detection	27
Automatic estimation of dairy cattle body condition score from depth image using ensemble model	27
Lighting systems and strategies compared in an optimally controlled greenhouse	27
In-field proximal sensing of septoria tritici blotch, stripe rust and brown rust in winter wheat by means of reflectance and textural features from multispectral imagery	27
Design and validation testing of a complete paddy field-coverage path planner for a fully autonomous tillage tractor	27
Optimisation of the power-cycle hydro-mechanical parameters in a continuously variable transmission designed for agricultural tractors	26

Artificial intelligence approaches to predict growth, harvest day, and quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in a IoT-enabled greenhouse system	26
Automated piglet tracking using a single convolutional neural network	25
Modelling of grain breakage of in a vertical rice mill based on DEM simulation combining particle replacement model	25
Non-destructive identification of slightly sprouted wheat kernels using hyperspectral data on both sides of wheat kernels	25
Calibration of discrete element parameters and experimental verification for modelling subsurface soils	25
Regional soil moisture prediction system based on Long Short-Term Memory network	25
Real-time robotic weed knife control system for tomato and lettuce based on geometric appearance of plant labels	25
Managing soil compaction – A choice of low-mass autonomous vehicles or controlled traffic?	24
Automatic detection of crop root rows in paddy fields based on straight-line clustering algorithm and supervised learning method	24
Determination of key canopy parameters for mass mechanical apple harvesting using supervised machine learning and principal component analysis (PCA)	24
A greenhouse climate-yield model focussing on additional light, heat harvesting and its validation	24
Materials with switchable radiometric properties: Could they become the perfect greenhouse cover?	24
Pig mounting behaviour recognition based on video spatial–temporal features	24
A novel hyperspectral-based approach for identification of maize kernels infected with diverse Aspergillus flavus fungi	23
Application of non-linear partial least squares analysis on prediction of biomass of maize plants using hyperspectral images	23
Improved prediction of protein content in wheat kernels with a fusion of scatter correction methods in NIR data modelling	23
Modelling of heat stress in a robotic dairy farm. Part 1: Thermal comfort indices as the indicators of production loss	23
Method and bench-marking framework for coverage path planning in arable farming	23
Microclimate and crop performance in a tunnel greenhouse shaded by organic photovoltaic modules – Comparison with conventional shaded and unshaded tunnels	23
Performance comparison of charging systems for autonomous electric field tractors using dynamic simulation	22
Comparative assessment of energy requirement and tillage effectiveness of combined (active-passive) and conventional offset disc harrows	22
Image-based size estimation of broccoli heads under varying degrees of occlusion	22
Unrest index for estimating thermal comfort of poultry birds (Gallus gallus domesticus) using computer vision techniques	22
Calculation of ventilation rates and ammonia emissions: Comparison of sampling strategies for a naturally ventilated dairy barn	22
Cooperation of unmanned systems for agricultural applications: A theoretical framework	22
Ripeness evaluation of kiwifruit by hyperspectral imaging	22
The reduction of gas concentrations in broiler houses through ventilation: Assessment of the thermal and electrical energy consumption	21
Examination milling non-uniformity in friction rice mills using by discrete element method and experiment	21
Optimisation of microwave-rotary drying process and quality parameters of terebinth	21
Bioimpedance analysis of vascular tissue and fluid flow in human and plant body: A review	21
Application of fuzzy logic for honey bee colony state detection based on temperature data	21
A novel wireless instrumentation system for measurement of PTO (power take-off) torque requirement during rotary tillage	21
Distribution characteristics and parameter optimisation of an air-assisted centralised seed-metering device for rapeseed using a CFD-DEM coupled simulation	21
Online crop height and density estimation in grain fields using LiDAR	21
Determination and interpretation of bonded-particle model parameters for simulation of maize kernels	20
Analysis of energy consumption, heat and mass transfer, drying kinetics and effective moisture diffusivity during foam-mat drying of mango in a convective hot-air dryer	20
Vision based volume estimation method for automatic mango grading system	20
Variable selection for the determination of the soluble solid content of potatoes with surface impurities in the visible/near-infrared range	20
Cost analysis of autonomous battery electric field tractors in agriculture	20
Bag-of-visual-words-augmented Histogram of Oriented Gradients for efficient weed detection	20
Narrow-band reflectance indices for mapping the combined effects of water and nitrogen stress in field grown tomato crops	20
Development of three-dimensional visualisation technology of the aerodynamic environment in a greenhouse using CFD and VR technology, part 1: Development of VR a database using CFD	20
Digital imaging assisted geometry of chicken eggs using Hügelschäffer's model	20
Effect of grain moisture content on physical, mechanical, and bulk dynamic behaviour of maize	20
From species to cultivar: Soybean cultivar recognition using joint leaf image patterns by multiscale sliding chord matching	20
Semantic segmentation: A modern approach for identifying soil clods in precision farming	20
Stress distribution on a soil tillage machine frame segment with a chisel shank simulated using discrete element and finite element methods and validate by experiment	19
Soil organic matter prediction using smartphone-captured digital images: Use of reflectance image and image perturbation	19
Design and hardware-in-the-loop test of a coupled drive system for electric tractor	19
Effect of guide strips on the distribution of threshed outputs and cleaning losses for a tangential-longitudinal flow rice combine harvester	19
Spatially variable pesticide application in vineyards: Part II, field comparison of uniform and map-based variable dose treatments	19
Data reduction based on machine learning algorithms for fog computing in IoT smart agriculture	19
Automatic broiler temperature measuring by thermal camera	19
Modelling carbon dioxide emissions under a maize-soy rotation using machine learning	19
Model-based calibration of a gas sensor array for on-line monitoring of ethanol concentration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae batch cultivation	18
Shift quality of tractors fitted with hydrostatic power split CVT during starting	18
Monitoring methane and nitrous oxide emissions from digestate storage following manure mono-digestion	18
Effect of exposed surface area on ammonia emissions from untreated, separated, and digested cattle manure	18
Computational intelligence and mathematical modelling in chanterelle mushrooms’ drying process under heat pump dryer	18
Application of an adaptive PID controller enhanced by a differential evolution algorithm for precise control of dissolved oxygen in recirculating aquaculture systems	18
Hydraulic characterisation of the backwash process in sand filters used in micro irrigation	18
NemaNet: A convolutional neural network model for identification of soybean nematodes	18
Automatic posture change analysis of lactating sows by action localisation and tube optimisation from untrimmed depth videos	18
Inverse estimation of thermophysical properties and initial moisture content of cereal grains during deep-bed grain drying	18
Image-based body mass prediction of heifers using deep neural networks	18
Monocular positioning of sweet peppers: An instance segmentation approach for harvest robots	18
Development of a cleaning fan for a rice combine harvester using computational fluid dynamics and response surface methodology to optimise outlet airflow distribution	18
Field identification of weed species and glyphosate-resistant weeds using high resolution imagery in early growing season	18
Spatial and temporal variation of photosynthetic photon flux density within agrivoltaic system in hot arid region of India	18
Non-destructive and rapid measurement of sugar content in growing cane stalks for breeding programmes using visible-near infrared spectroscopy	18
Semantic interpretation and complexity reduction of 3D point clouds of vineyards	17
Design and performance of a countersunk screen in a maize cleaning device	17
The contribution of fruit and leaves to the dynamic response of secondary branches of orange trees	17
An end-to-end lightweight model for grape and picking point simultaneous detection	17
Effects of optical variables in a single integrating sphere system on estimation of scattering properties of turbid media	17
Utilising variable sorting for normalisation to correct illumination effects in close-range spectral images of potato plants	17
Semantic segmentation of sparse 3D point cloud based on geometrical features for trellis-structured apple orchard	17
Body size measurement and live body weight estimation for pigs based on back surface point clouds	17
Crop design for improved robotic harvesting: A case study of sweet pepper harvesting	17
Pecking activity detection in group-housed turkeys using acoustic data and a deep learning technique	17

Modelling soil water infiltration variability using scaling	17
Kinematic discrepancy between driving wheels evaluated for a modular traction device	17
Effect of ventilation control settings on ammonia and odour emissions from a pig rearing building	17
Maize lodging resistance: Stalk architecture is a stronger predictor of stalk bending strength than chemical composition	17
Efficacy of adaptation measures to alleviate heat stress in confined livestock buildings in temperate climate zones	17
Automatic shrimp counting method using local images and lightweight YOLOv4	17
Mapping crop stand count and planting uniformity using high resolution imagery in a maize crop	17
On-tree apple fruit size estimation using stereo vision with deep learning-based occlusion handling	17
Cooperation of unmanned systems for agricultural applications: A case study in a vineyard	17
Sugarcane stem cut quality investigated by finite element simulation and experiment	17
Determination of overall heat transfer coefficient for greenhouse energy-saving screen using Trnsys and hotbox	17
Prediction of human odour assessments based on hedonic tone method using instrument measurements and multi-sensor data fusion integrated neural networks	16
Effect of geometrical parameters of air-induction nozzles on droplet characteristics and behaviour	16
Monitoring the hot-air drying process of organically grown apples (cv. Gala) using computer vision	16
Diagnosing the symptoms of sheath blight disease on rice stalk with an in-situ hyperspectral imaging technique	16
Effects of gravel mulch on surface energy balance and soil thermal regime in an unheated plastic greenhouse	16
Suction force on high-sphericity seeds in an air-suction seed-metering device	16
DEM simulations and experiments investigating the influence of feeding plate angle in a rubber-roll paddy grain huller	16
YOLO5-spear: A robust and real-time spear tips locator by improving image augmentation and lightweight network for selective harvesting robot of white asparagus	16
Study on the reduction of soil adhesion and tillage force of bionic cutter teeth in secondary soil crushing	16
Prediction of outlet dissolved oxygen in micro-irrigation sand media filters using a Gaussian process regression	16
Nutritional status assessment of olive crops by means of the analysis and modelling of multispectral images taken with UAVs	16
In-field and non-invasive determination of internal quality and ripeness stages of Feicheng peach using a portable hyperspectral imager	16
Canopy VIS-NIR spectroscopy and self-learning artificial intelligence for a generalised model of predawn leaf water potential in Vitis vinifera	16
Automatic gear-shifting strategy for fuel saving by tractors based on real-time identification of draught force characteristics	16
Modelling of particle size characteristics and specific energy demand for mechanical size reduction of wheat straw by knife mill	15
Construction of sheep forage intake estimation models based on sound analysis	15
A two-echelon location-routing problem for biomass logistics systems	15
Effects of cutting parameters on cutting of citrus fruit stems	15
A multiscale approach to estimate the cellular diffusivity during food drying	15
Multi-layer hierarchical optimisation of greenhouse climate setpoints for energy conservation and improvement of crop yield	15
Wheat straw direct shear simulation using discrete element method of fibrous bonded model	15
A multi-branch convolutional neural network with density map for aphid counting	15
Effect of temperature on the microwave drying process and the viability of amaranth seeds	15
Analysis of climate uniformity in indoor plant factory system with computational fluid dynamics (CFD)	15
Video and image classification using atomisation spray image patterns and deep learning	15
Methodology for designing tractor accelerated structure tests for an indoor drum-type test bench	15
Automated identification of citrus diseases in orchards using deep learning	15
Development of a systemic crop signalling system for automated real-time plant care in vegetable crops	15
A sustainable localised air distribution system for enhancing thermal environment and indoor air quality of poultry house for semiarid region	15
Generalisation of tea moisture content models based on VNIR spectra subjected to fractional differential treatment	15
An optimal zone combination model for on-line nondestructive prediction of soluble solids content of apple based on full-transmittance spectroscopy	15
Damping behaviour of a prestressed composite beam designed for the thresher of a combine harvester	15
Towards re-identification for long-term tracking of group housed pigs	15
Online semi-supervised learning applied to an automated insect pest monitoring system	15
Wind-induced response of rice under the action of the downwash flow field of a multi-rotor UAV	15
Study and modelling the respiration of corn seeds (Zea mays L.) during hermetic storage	14
Low-cost Edge Computing devices and novel user interfaces for monitoring pivot irrigation systems based on Internet of Things and LoRaWAN technologies	14
Tomato tablet drying enhancement by intervention of infrared - A response surface strategy for experimental design and optimization	14
Effect of penetration depth and particle size on detection of wheat flour adulterant using hyperspectral imaging	14
Computational modelling applied to predict the pressure coefficients in deformed single arch-shape greenhouses	14
Effects of housing system, measurement methods and environmental factors on estimating ammonia and methane emission rates in dairy barns: A meta-analysis	14
Prediction of the fruit development stage of sweet pepper (Capsicum annum var. annuum) by an ensemble model of convolutional and multilayer perceptron	14
Reduction of ammonia emissions by applying a urease inhibitor in naturally ventilated dairy barns	14
Analysing the space-usage-pattern of a cow herd using video surveillance and automated motion detection	14
Development of three-dimensional visualisation technology of the aerodynamic environment in a greenhouse using CFD and VR technology, Part 2: Development of an educational VR simulator	14
Analysis of effect of bentleg opener geometry on performance in cohesive soil using the discrete element method	14
RTD-SEPs: Real-time detection of stem emerging points and classification of crop-weed for robotic weed control in producing tomato	14
Machine learning approach to investigate the influence of water quality on aquatic livestock in freshwater ponds	14
Influence of temperature and humidity on the dynamics of aerosol numbers and airborne bacteria in a dairy calf house	14
The effect of spray structure of oil-based emulsion spray on the droplet characteristics	14
Individual neon tetras (Paracheirodon innesi, Myers) optimise their position in the group depending on external selective contexts: Lesson learned from a fish-robot hybrid school	14
Stereo-vision-based multi-crop harvesting edge detection for precise automatic steering of combine harvester	14
Energy of activation, instantaneous energy consumption, and coupled heat and mass transfer modeling in drying of sorghum grains	14
An algorithm to automate the filtering and classifying of 2D LiDAR data for site-specific estimations of canopy height and width in vineyards	14
Estimating particle-size distribution from limited soil texture data: Introducing two new methods	14
Dynamic energy modelling for analysis of the thermal and hygroscopic environment in a mechanically ventilated duck house	14
Computational fluid dynamics for non-experts: Development of a user-friendly CFD simulator (HNVR-SYS) for natural ventilation design applications	14
Modelling and simulation of fruit drop tests by discrete element method	13
Numerical simulation approach to predict the abrasion rate of rice during milling	13
A method of green citrus detection based on a deep bounding box regression forest	13
Comparison of Vis/SWNIR and NIR spectrometers combined with different multivariate techniques for estimating soil fertility parameters of calcareous topsoil in an arid climate	13
Rice seedling row detection based on morphological anchor points of rice stems	13
Effects on relaxation properties of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) subjected to different compression directions	13
Modelling the aggregate structure of a bulk soil to quantify fragmentation properties and energy demand of soil tillage tools in the formation of seedbeds	13
Design and validation of a centrifugal variable-diameter pneumatic high-speed precision seed-metering device for maize	13
Effect of concentric and non-concentric threshing gaps on damage of rice straw during threshing for combine harvester	13
Assessment of rice seed vigour using selected frequencies of electrical impedance spectroscopy	13
Micro-CT imaging of tomato seeds: Predictive potential of 3D morphometry on germination	13
Simultaneous and nondestructive diagnostics of nitrogen/magnesium/potassium-deficient cucumber leaf based on chlorophyll density distribution features	13
Measuring soil coverage using image feature descriptors and the decision tree learning algorithm	13
Path tracking control with slip compensation of a global navigation satellite system based tractor-scraper land levelling system	13
Improving rice nitrogen stress diagnosis by denoising strips in hyperspectral images via deep learning	13
Rapid and non-destructive detection of cassava flour adulterants in wheat flour using a handheld MicroNIR spectrometer	13
Modelling of heat stress in a robotic dairy farm. Part 2: Identifying the specific thresholds with production factors	13