Biosystems Engineering

Article	Citations
Channel pruned YOLO V5s-based deep learning approach for rapid and accurate apple fruitlet detection before fruit thinning	189
Detection of maturity stages of coconuts in complex background using Faster R-CNN model	86
Application of hyperspectral imaging systems and artificial intelligence for quality assessment of fruit, vegetables and mushrooms: A review	77
Safety and ergonomics in human-robot interactive agricultural operations	74
Combining plant height, canopy coverage and vegetation index from UAV-based RGB images to estimate leaf nitrogen concentration of summer maize	71
Combining generative adversarial networks and agricultural transfer learning for weeds identification	62
A review of measuring, assessing and mitigating heat stress in dairy cattle	61
A litchi fruit recognition method in a natural environment using RGB-D images	60
Yield estimation of soybean breeding lines under drought stress using unmanned aerial vehicle-based imagery and convolutional neural network	57
A real-time table grape detection method based on improved YOLOv4-tiny network in complex background	55
Animal-related, non-invasive indicators for determining heat stress in dairy cows	54
A mango picking vision algorithm on instance segmentation and key point detection from RGB images in an open orchard	52
A data fusion approach on confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electronic nose for quantitative evaluation of pesticide residue in tea	51
Influence of the downwash airflow distribution characteristics of a plant protection UAV on spray deposit distribution	50
Deep learning architectures for semantic segmentation and automatic estimation of severity of foliar symptoms caused by diseases or pests	44
Intelligent intra-row robotic weeding system combining deep learning technology with a targeted weeding mode	44
An overview of process monitoring for anaerobic digestion	43
In-field and non-destructive monitoring of grapes maturity by hyperspectral imaging	43
Hyperspectral imaging technology combined with deep learning for hybrid okra seed identification	43
Performance analysis of a tractor - power harrow system under different working conditions	43
A CNN-based lightweight ensemble model for detecting defective carrots	41
Seed motion characteristics and seeding performance of a centralised seed metering system for rapeseed investigated by DEM simulation and bench testing	40
An efficient method for determining DEM parameters of a loose cohesive soil modelled using hysteretic spring and linear cohesion contact models	40
Draft force prediction for a high-speed disc implement using discrete element modelling	39
Assessment of dairy cow heat stress by monitoring drinking behaviour using an embedded imaging system	38

Real time detection of inter-row ryegrass in wheat farms using deep learning	38
Energy cost reduction by shifting electricity demand in indoor vertical farms with artificial lighting	37
Image-based size estimation of broccoli heads under varying degrees of occlusion	37
Discrete element modelling of citrus fruit stalks and its verification	36
A CFD analysis on improving lettuce canopy airflow distribution in a plant factory considering the crop resistance and LEDs heat dissipation	36
Power density based fatigue load spectrum editing for accelerated durability testing for tractor front axles	36
Regional soil moisture prediction system based on Long Short-Term Memory network	35
A machine learning framework to predict the next month's daily milk yield, milk composition and milking frequency for cows in a robotic dairy farm	35
Calibration of discrete element parameters and experimental verification for modelling subsurface soils	34
Lighting systems and strategies compared in an optimally controlled greenhouse	34
Ripeness evaluation of kiwifruit by hyperspectral imaging	33
Design and validation testing of a complete paddy field-coverage path planner for a fully autonomous tillage tractor	32
Calibration of discrete-element-method model parameters of bulk wheat for storage	32
Automated piglet tracking using a single convolutional neural network	32
Modelling of grain breakage of in a vertical rice mill based on DEM simulation combining particle replacement model	32
A method of citrus epidermis defects detection based on an improved YOLOv5	31
Improved prediction of protein content in wheat kernels with a fusion of scatter correction methods in NIR data modelling	31
Artificial intelligence approaches to predict growth, harvest day, and quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in a IoT-enabled greenhouse system	31
Non-destructive identification of slightly sprouted wheat kernels using hyperspectral data on both sides of wheat kernels	30
Determination and interpretation of bonded-particle model parameters for simulation of maize kernels	29
Cooperation of unmanned systems for agricultural applications: A theoretical framework	29
Automated identification of citrus diseases in orchards using deep learning	29
Automatic detection of crop root rows in paddy fields based on straight-line clustering algorithm and supervised learning method	29
Distribution characteristics and parameter optimisation of an air-assisted centralised seed-metering device for rapeseed using a CFD-DEM coupled simulation	28
Bag-of-visual-words-augmented Histogram of Oriented Gradients for efficient weed detection	28
Analysis of energy consumption, heat and mass transfer, drying kinetics and effective moisture diffusivity during foam-mat drying of mango in a convective hot-air dryer	27
On-tree apple fruit size estimation using stereo vision with deep learning-based occlusion handling	27
A novel hyperspectral-based approach for identification of maize kernels infected with diverse Aspergillus flavus fungi	27
Development of three-dimensional visualisation technology of the aerodynamic environment in a greenhouse using CFD and VR technology, part 1: Development of VR a database using CFD	27
Automatic shrimp counting method using local images and lightweight YOLOv4	26
Modelling carbon dioxide emissions under a maize-soy rotation using machine learning	26
Unrest index for estimating thermal comfort of poultry birds (Gallus gallus domesticus) using computer vision techniques	26
Analysis of climate uniformity in indoor plant factory system with computational fluid dynamics (CFD)	26
Pig mounting behaviour recognition based on video spatial–temporal features	26
Design and validation of a centrifugal variable-diameter pneumatic high-speed precision seed-metering device for maize	26
An end-to-end lightweight model for grape and picking point simultaneous detection	26
Variable selection for the determination of the soluble solid content of potatoes with surface impurities in the visible/near-infrared range	25
Modelling of heat stress in a robotic dairy farm. Part 1: Thermal comfort indices as the indicators of production loss	25
Wind-induced response of rice under the action of the downwash flow field of a multi-rotor UAV	24
Soil organic matter prediction using smartphone-captured digital images: Use of reflectance image and image perturbation	24
A novel wireless instrumentation system for measurement of PTO (power take-off) torque requirement during rotary tillage	24
Image-based body mass prediction of heifers using deep neural networks	24
The reduction of gas concentrations in broiler houses through ventilation: Assessment of the thermal and electrical energy consumption	24
Wheat straw direct shear simulation using discrete element method of fibrous bonded model	24
Spatial and temporal variation of photosynthetic photon flux density within agrivoltaic system in hot arid region of India	23
Examination milling non-uniformity in friction rice mills using by discrete element method and experiment	23
Data reduction based on machine learning algorithms for fog computing in IoT smart agriculture	23
Computational intelligence and mathematical modelling in chanterelle mushrooms’ drying process under heat pump dryer	23
Optimisation of microwave-rotary drying process and quality parameters of terebinth	23
Application of non-linear partial least squares analysis on prediction of biomass of maize plants using hyperspectral images	23

Stress distribution on a soil tillage machine frame segment with a chisel shank simulated using discrete element and finite element methods and validate by experiment	22
Application of an adaptive PID controller enhanced by a differential evolution algorithm for precise control of dissolved oxygen in recirculating aquaculture systems	22
Sugarcane stem cut quality investigated by finite element simulation and experiment	22
Determination of overall heat transfer coefficient for greenhouse energy-saving screen using Trnsys and hotbox	22
Body size measurement and live body weight estimation for pigs based on back surface point clouds	22
Design and hardware-in-the-loop test of a coupled drive system for electric tractor	22
NemaNet: A convolutional neural network model for identification of soybean nematodes	22
Automatic broiler temperature measuring by thermal camera	22
Study on the reduction of soil adhesion and tillage force of bionic cutter teeth in secondary soil crushing	22
Diagnosing the symptoms of sheath blight disease on rice stalk with an in-situ hyperspectral imaging technique	21
RiceNet: A two stage machine learning method for rice disease identification	21
Role of particle shape and plant roots in the discrete element model of soil–sweep interaction	21
Towards re-identification for long-term tracking of group housed pigs	21
Mapping crop stand count and planting uniformity using high resolution imagery in a maize crop	21
Rice seedling row detection based on morphological anchor points of rice stems	21
Soil detachment caused by flowing water erosion in six typical herbaceous plant root systems on the Loess Plateau, China	21
Development of three-dimensional visualisation technology of the aerodynamic environment in a greenhouse using CFD and VR technology, Part 2: Development of an educational VR simulator	21
Cooperation of unmanned systems for agricultural applications: A case study in a vineyard	21
Design and performance of a countersunk screen in a maize cleaning device	21
Nutritional status assessment of olive crops by means of the analysis and modelling of multispectral images taken with UAVs	21
A two-echelon location-routing problem for biomass logistics systems	20
Estimating particle-size distribution from limited soil texture data: Introducing two new methods	20
Field identification of weed species and glyphosate-resistant weeds using high resolution imagery in early growing season	20
Canopy VIS-NIR spectroscopy and self-learning artificial intelligence for a generalised model of predawn leaf water potential in Vitis vinifera	20
YOLO5-spear: A robust and real-time spear tips locator by improving image augmentation and lightweight network for selective harvesting robot of white asparagus	20
Maize lodging resistance: Stalk architecture is a stronger predictor of stalk bending strength than chemical composition	20
Suction force on high-sphericity seeds in an air-suction seed-metering device	20
A precise crop row detection algorithm in complex farmland for unmanned agricultural machines	20
Quantitative potato tuber phenotyping by 3D imaging	20
Cost analysis of autonomous battery electric field tractors in agriculture	20
Modelling and simulation of fruit drop tests by discrete element method	19
Effect of exposed surface area on ammonia emissions from untreated, separated, and digested cattle manure	19
In-field and non-invasive determination of internal quality and ripeness stages of Feicheng peach using a portable hyperspectral imager	19
Video and image classification using atomisation spray image patterns and deep learning	19
Study and modelling the respiration of corn seeds (Zea mays L.) during hermetic storage	19
Efficacy of adaptation measures to alleviate heat stress in confined livestock buildings in temperate climate zones	19
Damping behaviour of a prestressed composite beam designed for the thresher of a combine harvester	19
An improved YOLO algorithm for detecting flowers and fruits on strawberry seedlings	19
A multi-branch convolutional neural network with density map for aphid counting	19
Exploring hyperspectral reflectance indices for the estimation of water and nitrogen status of spinach	19
Stereo-vision-based multi-crop harvesting edge detection for precise automatic steering of combine harvester	18
Assessment of a tomography-informed polyhedral discrete element modelling approach for complex-shaped granular woody biomass in stress consolidation	18
Effect of geometrical parameters of air-induction nozzles on droplet characteristics and behaviour	18
Online semi-supervised learning applied to an automated insect pest monitoring system	18
Monitoring the hot-air drying process of organically grown apples (cv. Gala) using computer vision	18
Effect of temperature on the microwave drying process and the viability of amaranth seeds	18
Simultaneous fruit detection and size estimation using multitask deep neural networks	18
Multi-layer hierarchical optimisation of greenhouse climate setpoints for energy conservation and improvement of crop yield	18
DEM simulations and experiments investigating the influence of feeding plate angle in a rubber-roll paddy grain huller	18
Additives and methods for the mitigation of methane emission from stored liquid manure	18
A sustainable localised air distribution system for enhancing thermal environment and indoor air quality of poultry house for semiarid region	17
Generalisation of tea moisture content models based on VNIR spectra subjected to fractional differential treatment	17
Micro-CT imaging of tomato seeds: Predictive potential of 3D morphometry on germination	17
Low-cost Edge Computing devices and novel user interfaces for monitoring pivot irrigation systems based on Internet of Things and LoRaWAN technologies	17
Machine learning approach to investigate the influence of water quality on aquatic livestock in freshwater ponds	17
Design and optimisation of seed-metering plate of air-suction vegetable seed-metering device based on DEM-CFD	17
Rapid and non-destructive detection of cassava flour adulterants in wheat flour using a handheld MicroNIR spectrometer	17
Application of infrared thermography and machine learning techniques in cattle health assessments: A review	17
A multiscale approach to estimate the cellular diffusivity during food drying	17
Intelligent fish feeding based on machine vision: A review	17
Development and validation of a DEM model for predicting impact damage of maize kernels	17
Methodology for designing tractor accelerated structure tests for an indoor drum-type test bench	17
Individual neon tetras (Paracheirodon innesi, Myers) optimise their position in the group depending on external selective contexts: Lesson learned from a fish-robot hybrid school	16
An improved YOLOv5-based method for multi-species tea shoot detection and picking point location in complex backgrounds	16
Dynamic energy modelling for analysis of the thermal and hygroscopic environment in a mechanically ventilated duck house	16
Spatiotemporal graph convolutional network for automated detection and analysis of social behaviours among pre-weaning piglets	16
Effect of concentric and non-concentric threshing gaps on damage of rice straw during threshing for combine harvester	16
Optimal vibration parameters for olive harvesting from finite element analysis and vibration tests	16
Prediction of human odour assessments based on hedonic tone method using instrument measurements and multi-sensor data fusion integrated neural networks	16
Effects of housing system, measurement methods and environmental factors on estimating ammonia and methane emission rates in dairy barns: A meta-analysis	16
A model of distributed parameters for non-Fickian diffusion in grain drying based on the fractional calculus approach	16
The elastoplastic flexural behaviour of corn stalks	16
Reduction of ammonia emissions by applying a urease inhibitor in naturally ventilated dairy barns	16
Calibration of contact parameters for complex shaped fruits based on discrete element method: The case of pod pepper (Capsicum annuum)	16
Analysis of effect of bentleg opener geometry on performance in cohesive soil using the discrete element method	16
Real-time control of high-resolution micro-jet sprayer integrated with machine vision for precision weed control	16
Deep learning and computer vision for assessing the number of actual berries in commercial vineyards	16
Improving rice nitrogen stress diagnosis by denoising strips in hyperspectral images via deep learning	16
Simultaneous and nondestructive diagnostics of nitrogen/magnesium/potassium-deficient cucumber leaf based on chlorophyll density distribution features	16
Discrete element modelling of the yam root–soil complex and its verification	15

Non-destructive measurement of chicken egg characteristics: Improved formulae for calculating egg volume and surface area	15
Optimal control as a tool to investigate the profitability of a Chinese plant factory - lettuce production system	15
Path following control of tractor with an electro-hydraulic coupling steering system: Layered multi-loop robust control architecture	15
Digital monitoring of grain conditions in large-scale bulk storage facilities based on spatiotemporal distributions of grain temperature	15
Mapping spatially distributed material properties in finite element models of plant tissue using computed tomography	15
Energy of activation, instantaneous energy consumption, and coupled heat and mass transfer modeling in drying of sorghum grains	15
From benchtop to handheld MIR for soil analysis: Predicting lime requirement and organic matter in agricultural soils	15
Prediction of the fruit development stage of sweet pepper (Capsicum annum var. annuum) by an ensemble model of convolutional and multilayer perceptron	15
Comparison of Vis/SWNIR and NIR spectrometers combined with different multivariate techniques for estimating soil fertility parameters of calcareous topsoil in an arid climate	15
Tracing algorithm and control strategy for crawler rice combine harvester auxiliary navigation system	15
Low-damage transplanting method for leafy vegetable seedlings based on machine vision	15
Identifying tractor overturning scenarios using a driving simulator with a motion system	15
Burgers viscoelastic model-based variable stiffness design of compliant clamping mechanism for leafy greens harvesting	15
Effect of mechanical bruises on optical properties of mature peaches in the near-infrared wavelength range	15
Path tracking control with slip compensation of a global navigation satellite system based tractor-scraper land levelling system	15
Development and evaluation of automated localisation and reconstruction of all fruits on tomato plants in a greenhouse based on multi-view perception and 3D multi-object tracking	15
Assessment of rice seed vigour using selected frequencies of electrical impedance spectroscopy	15
Modelling of heat stress in a robotic dairy farm. Part 2: Identifying the specific thresholds with production factors	15
A mechanical model of single wheat straw with failure characteristics based on discrete element method	15
Effect of penetration depth and particle size on detection of wheat flour adulterant using hyperspectral imaging	15
RoseSegNet: An attention-based deep learning architecture for organ segmentation of plants	15
Unsupervised modelling of rice aroma change during ageing based on electronic nose coupled with bio-inspired algorithms	14
Tomato tablet drying enhancement by intervention of infrared - A response surface strategy for experimental design and optimization	14
An algorithm to automate the filtering and classifying of 2D LiDAR data for site-specific estimations of canopy height and width in vineyards	14
Evaluation of a combination of NIR micro-spectrometers to predict chemical properties of sugarcane forage using a multi-block approach	14
Effects on relaxation properties of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) subjected to different compression directions	14
Modelling sheet erosion on steep slopes of clay loess soil using a rainfall simulator	14
Optimal spraying task assignment problem in crop protection with multi-UAV systems and its order irrelevant enumeration solution	14
Computational modelling applied to predict the pressure coefficients in deformed single arch-shape greenhouses	14
Origins classification of egg with different storage durations using FT-NIR: A characteristic wavelength selection approach based on information entropy	14
Numerical simulation of feed pellet breakage in pneumatic conveying	14
Wind tunnel study of the effect of planting Haloxylon ammodendron on aeolian sediment transport	14
Boosting plant-part segmentation of cucumber plants by enriching incomplete 3D point clouds with spectral data	14
Modeling drying kinetics of Jacaranda mimosifolia seeds with variable effective diffusivity via diffusion model	14
Detection of broiler heat stress by using the generalised sequential pattern algorithm	14
Weed seed burial as affected by mouldboard design parameters, ploughing depth and speed: DEM simulations and experimental validation	14
Detection and classification of damaged wheat kernels based on progressive neural architecture search	14
Numerical simulation approach to predict the abrasion rate of rice during milling	13
Development of cleaning systems for combine harvesters: A review	13
Effect of hydrodynamics on the formation and removal of microalgal biofilm in photobioreactors	13
A novel physics-informed neural networks approach (PINN-MT) to solve mass transfer in plant cells during drying	13
Optimisation of energy-efficient greenhouses based on an integrated energy demand-yield production model	13
A soft-computing approach to estimate soil electrical conductivity	13
Optimisation of no-tube seeding and its application in rice planting	13
Development and performance evaluation of a wet-resistant strip-till seeder for sowing wheat following rice	13
Automated classification of stems and leaves of potted plants based on point cloud data	13
Weather forecast error modelling and performance analysis of automatic greenhouse climate control	13
Assigning apples to individual trees in dense orchards using 3D colour point clouds	13
Online detection of naturally DON contaminated wheat grains from China using Vis-NIR spectroscopy and computer vision	13
Droplet distribution characteristics of impact sprinklers with circular and noncircular nozzles: Effect of nozzle aspect ratios and equivalent diameters	13
Impact of thermal and thermosonication treatments of amora (Spondius pinnata) juice and prediction of quality changes using artificial neural networks	13
Strategies to mitigate dead-zones in on-farm stored grain silos fitted with aeration ducting modelled using computational fluid dynamics	13
Discrete element method optimisation of a scraper to remove soil from ridges formed to cold-proof grapevines	13
Simplified method for estimating discharge of microporous ceramic emitters for drip irrigation	13
Stripping mechanism and loss characteristics of a stripping-prior-to-cutting header for rice harvesting based on CFD-DEM simulations and bench experiments	13
Current understanding of the airborne transmission of important viral animal pathogens in spreading disease	13
Assessment of nozzle control strategies in weed spot spraying to reduce herbicide use and avoid under- or over-application	12
Fusion of RGB, optical flow and skeleton features for the detection of lameness in dairy cows	12
Modelling of heat stress in a robotic dairy farm. Part 3: Rumination and milking performance	12
Analysing the preference for pesticide spray to be deposited at leaf-tips	12
An effective litchi detection method based on edge devices in a complex scene	12
Automatic flower cluster estimation in apple orchards using aerial and ground based point clouds	12
Effective excitation conditions for the intense motion of the ginkgo seed-stem system during mechanical vibration harvesting	12
Development of a precision 3-row synchronised transplanter	12
Oestrus detection in dairy cows by using atrous spatial pyramid and attention mechanism	12
Workload and production assessment in the avocado harvesting process using human-robot collaborative strategies	12
Design and testing of the filling-plate of inner-filling positive pressure high-speed seed-metering device for maize	12
Effects of cutting parameters on the ultimate shear stress and specific cutting energy of sisal leaves	12
Bison muscle discrimination and color stability prediction using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging	12
Evaluating agricultural tractors emissions using remote monitoring and emission tests in Beijing, China	12
Wheat biomass, yield, and straw-grain ratio estimation from multi-temporal UAV-based RGB and multispectral images	12
An ellipsoid modelling method for discrete element simulation of wheat seeds	12
Development of an intelligent laser biospeckle system for early detection and classification of soybean seeds infected with seed-borne fungal pathogen (Colletotrichum truncatum)	12
Discrete element modelling and simulation parameters calibration for the compacted straw cube	12
Disease classification in aubergine with local symptomatic region using deep learning models	12
Airflow temperature and humidity patterns in a screenhouse with a flat insect-proof screen roof and impermeable sloping walls – Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results	12
Bio-economic evaluation of greenhouse designs for seasonal tomato production in Norway	12
Can light penetrate through pomelos and carry information for the non-destructive prediction of soluble solid content using Vis-NIRS?	12
Analysis of the impact hulling behaviour of paddy grains	12
Predicting sow postures from video images: Comparison of convolutional neural networks and segmentation combined with support vector machines under various training and testing setups	12
An adaptive method for fish growth prediction with empirical knowledge extraction	12
Finite time trajectory tracking control of autonomous agricultural tractor integrated nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode and disturbance observer	12
CFD study of the effect of inlet position and flap on the airflow and temperature in a laying hen house in summer	11
Wind tunnel investigation of the ability of drift-reducing nozzles to provide mitigation measures for bystander exposure to pesticides	11
Investigation of the mechanism of aerodynamic separation of rice husks from brown rice following paddy hulling by coupled CFD-DEM	11
Visual detection on posture transformation characteristics of sows in late gestation based on Libra R-CNN	11
Effects of soil ECa and LiDAR-derived leaf area on yield and fruit quality in apple production	11
Assessing a VisNIR penetrometer system for in-situ estimation of soil organic carbon under variable soil moisture conditions	11
Prediction of milling yield in wheat with the use of spectral, colour, shape, and morphological features	11
Actively steering a wheeled tractor against potential rollover using a sliding-mode control algorithm: Scaled physical test	11
Potential of visible/near infrared spectroscopy coupled with chemometric methods for discriminating and estimating the thickness of clogging in drip-irrigation	11
Towards greater sustainability of sugarcane production by precision agriculture to meet ethanol demands in south-central Brazil based on a life cycle assessment	11
Static and dynamic pressure measurements of maize grain in silos under different conditions	11
Potential field detection of Flavescence dorée and Esca diseases using a ground sensing optical system	11
Numerical study on drying uniformity of bulk corn kernels during radio frequency-assisted hot air drying	11