Nature Immunology

Article	Citations
The T cell immune response against SARS-CoV-2	938
Immunogenic cell stress and death	667
Immunological dysfunction persists for 8 months following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection	607
NLRP3 inflammasome in cancer and metabolic diseases	605
Pathological sequelae of long-haul COVID	477
Mitochondrial stress induced by continuous stimulation under hypoxia rapidly drives T cell exhaustion	475
Untuned antiviral immunity in COVID-19 revealed by temporal type I/III interferon patterns and flu comparison	416
TLR2 senses the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein to produce inflammatory cytokines	407
Innate immunity: the first line of defense against SARS-CoV-2	399
The complex role of tumor-infiltrating macrophages	353
Trained immunity, tolerance, priming and differentiation: distinct immunological processes	341
Extracellular vesicles in immunomodulation and tumor progression	313
Hallmarks of T cell aging	297
Robust SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity is maintained at 6 months following primary infection	295
Microglia use TAM receptors to detect and engulf amyloid β plaques	278
A decade of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy in melanoma: understanding the molecular basis for immune sensitivity and resistance	277
IL-1 and IL-1ra are key regulators of the inflammatory response to RNA vaccines	269
Glutathione peroxidase 4–regulated neutrophil ferroptosis induces systemic autoimmunity	255
Mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity to the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine	242
IL-2 regulates tumor-reactive CD8+ T cell exhaustion by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor	226
Metabolic reprogramming of terminally exhausted CD8+ T cells by IL-10 enhances anti-tumor immunity	224
Selenium–GPX4 axis protects follicular helper T cells from ferroptosis	222
Genetics of circulating inflammatory proteins identifies drivers of immune-mediated disease risk and therapeutic targets	217
Single-cell sequencing of human white adipose tissue identifies new cell states in health and obesity	196
BATF and IRF4 cooperate to counter exhaustion in tumor-infiltrating CAR T cells	187

RIG-I triggers a signaling-abortive anti-SARS-CoV-2 defense in human lung cells	180
Mitochondrial electron transport chain is necessary for NLRP3 inflammasome activation	156
Children develop robust and sustained cross-reactive spike-specific immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection	153
Outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked to MAIT cell activation and cytotoxicity	153
Inflammasomes and adaptive immune responses	150
Epigenetic scars of CD8+ T cell exhaustion persist after cure of chronic infection in humans	148
Does tissue imprinting restrict macrophage plasticity?	147
Not-so-opposite ends of the spectrum: CD8+ T cell dysfunction across chronic infection, cancer and autoimmunity	144
SARS-CoV-2 antigen exposure history shapes phenotypes and specificity of memory CD8+ T cells	141
The immunoregulatory landscape of human tuberculosis granulomas	137
Epigenetic scarring of exhausted T cells hinders memory differentiation upon eliminating chronic antigenic stimulation	136
Distinct metabolic programs established in the thymus control effector functions of γδ T cell subsets in tumor microenvironments	135
Gut CD4+ T cell phenotypes are a continuum molded by microbes, not by TH archetypes	134
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals evolution of immune landscape during glioblastoma progression	132
The multiple myeloma microenvironment is defined by an inflammatory stromal cell landscape	129
Autocrine vitamin D signaling switches off pro-inflammatory programs of TH1 cells	129
Discrete tissue microenvironments instruct diversity in resident memory T cell function and plasticity	128
Distinct systemic and mucosal immune responses during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection	124
Epigenetic regulation of T cell exhaustion	122
Immunology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children	122
An immunodominant NP105–113-B*07:02 cytotoxic T cell response controls viral replication and is associated with less severe COVID-19 disease	118
Repositioning TH cell polarization from single cytokines to complex help	116
Hypoxia drives CD39-dependent suppressor function in exhausted T cells to limit antitumor immunity	116
Immune cell compartmentalization for brain surveillance and protection	115
Blockade of the co-inhibitory molecule PD-1 unleashes ILC2-dependent antitumor immunity in melanoma	114
The receptor DNGR-1 signals for phagosomal rupture to promote cross-presentation of dead-cell-associated antigens	113
Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells possess unique transcriptional, epigenetic and functional adaptations to different tissue environments	113
SARS-CoV-2 reservoir in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)	111
Shared and distinct biological circuits in effector, memory and exhausted CD8+ T cells revealed by temporal single-cell transcriptomics and epigenetics	110
Single-cell proteo-genomic reference maps of the hematopoietic system enable the purification and massive profiling of precisely defined cell states	109
Recognition and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by humoral innate immunity pattern recognition molecules	109
The humoral response and antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection	108
Memory-like HCV-specific CD8+ T cells retain a molecular scar after cure of chronic HCV infection	106
LAG-3 as the third checkpoint inhibitor	104
PERK is a critical metabolic hub for immunosuppressive function in macrophages	104
CD4+ T cell memory	99
Altered ISGylation drives aberrant macrophage-dependent immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection	99
Distinct transcription factor networks control neutrophil-driven inflammation	97
Differences in CD80 and CD86 transendocytosis reveal CD86 as a key target for CTLA-4 immune regulation	97
BATF regulates progenitor to cytolytic effector CD8+ T cell transition during chronic viral infection	97
BACH2 enforces the transcriptional and epigenetic programs of stem-like CD8+ T cells	96
LAG3 associates with TCR–CD3 complexes and suppresses signaling by driving co-receptor–Lck dissociation	95
Tumor-induced reshuffling of lipid composition on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane sustains macrophage survival and pro-tumorigenic activity	94
Delayed-interval BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination enhances humoral immunity and induces robust T cell responses	94
‘Stem-like’ precursors are the fount to sustain persistent CD8+ T cell responses	94
In vivo CRISPR screens reveal the landscape of immune evasion pathways across cancer	93
Innate lymphoid cells and cancer	92
Neutrophils and emergency granulopoiesis drive immune suppression and an extreme response endotype during sepsis	92
Transmission of trained immunity and heterologous resistance to infections across generations	91
Human immune diversity: from evolution to modernity	90

Molecular mechanisms of gasdermin D pore-forming activity	90
TH17 cell heterogeneity and its role in tissue inflammation	89
Tumor hypoxia represses γδ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity against brain tumors	87
Tissue adaptation and clonal segregation of human memory T cells in barrier sites	86
Aging disrupts circadian gene regulation and function in macrophages	85
The legacy of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on the immunology of the neonate	84
Prolonged activation of nasal immune cell populations and development of tissue-resident SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cell responses following COVID-19	83
IRGM1 links mitochondrial quality control to autoimmunity	83
Intracellular immune sensing promotes inflammation via gasdermin D–driven release of a lectin alarmin	83
IFNγ and GM-CSF control complementary differentiation programs in the monocyte-to-phagocyte transition during neuroinflammation	82
Cellular and transcriptional dynamics of human neutrophils at steady state and upon stress	82
Astrocyte-targeted gene delivery of interleukin 2 specifically increases brain-resident regulatory T cell numbers and protects against pathological neuroinflammation	82
Lessons learned: new insights on the role of cytokines in COVID-19	81
Heme catabolism by tumor-associated macrophages controls metastasis formation	79
Divergent clonal differentiation trajectories of T cell exhaustion	79
Coupled analysis of transcriptome and BCR mutations reveals role of OXPHOS in affinity maturation	78
Homeostatic IL-13 in healthy skin directs dendritic cell differentiation to promote TH2 and inhibit TH17 cell polarization	77
CD40 signal rewires fatty acid and glutamine metabolism for stimulating macrophage anti-tumorigenic functions	76
Clonal expansion and epigenetic inheritance of long-lasting NK cell memory	75
Superior immunogenicity and effectiveness of the third compared to the second BNT162b2 vaccine dose	75
Macrophage function in adipose tissue homeostasis and metabolic inflammation	74
Effector differentiation downstream of lineage commitment in ILC1s is driven by Hobit across tissues	74
Multimodally profiling memory T cells from a tuberculosis cohort identifies cell state associations with demographics, environment and disease	74
Long COVID manifests with T cell dysregulation, inflammation and an uncoordinated adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2	73
Naturalizing mouse models for immunology	73
Significance of bystander T cell activation in microbial infection	73
Robust IgM responses following intravenous vaccination with Bacille Calmette–Guérin associate with prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in macaques	72
Intratumoral follicular regulatory T cells curtail anti-PD-1 treatment efficacy	72
Effector and stem-like memory cell fates are imprinted in distinct lymph node niches directed by CXCR3 ligands	71
Differentiation of exhausted CD8+ T cells after termination of chronic antigen stimulation stops short of achieving functional T cell memory	71
Type I interferon transcriptional network regulates expression of coinhibitory receptors in human T cells	70
Inducing trained immunity in pro-metastatic macrophages to control tumor metastasis	70
Multi-omics analyses reveal that HIV-1 alters CD4+ T cell immunometabolism to fuel virus replication	70
YTHDF2 orchestrates tumor-associated macrophage reprogramming and controls antitumor immunity through CD8+ T cells	68
Transcriptional atlas of the human immune response to 13 vaccines reveals a common predictor of vaccine-induced antibody responses	66
The volume-regulated anion channel LRRC8C suppresses T cell function by regulating cyclic dinucleotide transport and STING–p53 signaling	65
The cellular architecture of the antimicrobial response network in human leprosy granulomas	65
Mitochondrial aspartate regulates TNF biogenesis and autoimmune tissue inflammation	65
RORα is a critical checkpoint for T cell and ILC2 commitment in the embryonic thymus	65
Distinct changes in endosomal composition promote NLRP3 inflammasome activation	65
TREM2 macrophages drive NK cell paucity and dysfunction in lung cancer	64
Eosinophil–lymphocyte interactions in the tumor microenvironment and cancer immunotherapy	64
Surface phenotypes of naive and memory B cells in mouse and human tissues	64
Pan-vaccine analysis reveals innate immune endotypes predictive of antibody responses to vaccination	63
Single-cell analysis identifies the interaction of altered renal tubules with basophils orchestrating kidney fibrosis	63
Microbial metabolism of l-tyrosine protects against allergic airway inflammation	62
The ubiquitin ligase MDM2 sustains STAT5 stability to control T cell-mediated antitumor immunity	62
Runx3 drives a CD8+ T cell tissue residency program that is absent in CD4+ T cells	62
Type I IFNs promote cancer cell stemness by triggering the epigenetic regulator KDM1B	61
APOE4 impairs the microglial response in Alzheimer’s disease by inducing TGFβ-mediated checkpoints	61
Autoreactive CD8+ T cells are restrained by an exhaustion-like program that is maintained by LAG3	61
Allergen protease-activated stress granule assembly and gasdermin D fragmentation control interleukin-33 secretion	60
tRNA-m1A modification promotes T cell expansion via efficient MYC protein synthesis	60
NF-κB-inducing kinase maintains T cell metabolic fitness in antitumor immunity	60
Single-cell profiling identifies mechanisms of inflammatory heterogeneity in chronic rhinosinusitis	60
Making innate sense of mRNA vaccine adjuvanticity	60
γδ T cells suppress Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage infection by direct killing and phagocytosis	58
Recruitment and activation of type 3 innate lymphoid cells promote antitumor immune responses	57
Cytotoxic innate lymphoid cells sense cancer cell-expressed interleukin-15 to suppress human and murine malignancies	57
Transposon-triggered innate immune response confers cancer resistance to the blind mole rat	56
Influenza-trained mucosal-resident alveolar macrophages confer long-term antitumor immunity in the lungs	56
PD-L1–PD-1 interactions limit effector regulatory T cell populations at homeostasis and during infection	56
Circadian clocks guide dendritic cells into skin lymphatics	56
Heterogeneous plasma cells and long-lived subsets in response to immunization, autoantigen and microbiota	55
The kinase complex mTORC2 promotes the longevity of virus-specific memory CD4+ T cells by preventing ferroptosis	55
The tumor suppressor kinase DAPK3 drives tumor-intrinsic immunity through the STING–IFN-β pathway	55
Caspase-11 interaction with NLRP3 potentiates the noncanonical activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome	54
Targeting TFH cells in human diseases and vaccination: rationale and practice	53
Targeting regulator of G protein signaling 1 in tumor-specific T cells enhances their trafficking to breast cancer	53
Dynamic regulation of B cell complement signaling is integral to germinal center responses	53
Wnt–β-catenin activation epigenetically reprograms Treg cells in inflammatory bowel disease and dysplastic progression	53
Environmental allergens trigger type 2 inflammation through ripoptosome activation	52
mRNA-1273 protects against SARS-CoV-2 beta infection in nonhuman primates	52
An updated guide for the perplexed: cytometry in the high-dimensional era	52
CXCR6 orchestrates brain CD8+ T cell residency and limits mouse Alzheimer’s disease pathology	52
An engineered bispecific human monoclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2	52
PD-1 agonism by anti-CD80 inhibits T cell activation and alleviates autoimmunity	51
Gremlin 1+ fibroblastic niche maintains dendritic cell homeostasis in lymphoid tissues	51
Reciprocal transcription factor networks govern tissue-resident ILC3 subset function and identity	51
Parenteral BCG vaccine induces lung-resident memory macrophages and trained immunity via the gut–lung axis	50

Autoantibodies against chemokines post-SARS-CoV-2 infection correlate with disease course	50
Insulin signaling establishes a developmental trajectory of adipose regulatory T cells	49
Defining blood-induced microglia functions in neurodegeneration through multiomic profiling	49
Exposure of iPSC-derived human microglia to brain substrates enables the generation and manipulation of diverse transcriptional states in vitro	49
SARS-CoV-2 takes its Toll	49
Deactylation by SIRT1 enables liquid–liquid phase separation of IRF3/IRF7 in innate antiviral immunity	49
TCF-1 controls Treg cell functions that regulate inflammation, CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity and severity of colon cancer	48
B lymphocyte-derived acetylcholine limits steady-state and emergency hematopoiesis	48
Low-dose in vivo protection and neutralization across SARS-CoV-2 variants by monoclonal antibody combinations	48
The neuroimmunology of social-stress-induced sensitization	47
Drivers of heterogeneity in synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis	47
Establishment and recall of SARS-CoV-2 spike epitope-specific CD4+ T cell memory	47
Neutrophils direct preexisting matrix to initiate repair in damaged tissues	46
PD-1 directed immunotherapy alters Tfh and humoral immune responses to seasonal influenza vaccine	46
Cell-autonomous effects of APOE4 in restricting microglial response in brain homeostasis and Alzheimer’s disease	46
Targeted isolation of diverse human protective broadly neutralizing antibodies against SARS-like viruses	46
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells produce the growth factor HB-EGF to protect the intestine from TNF-mediated inflammation	45
Clonal structure, stability and dynamics of human memory B cells and circulating plasmablasts	45
The pathophysiology of sepsis and precision-medicine-based immunotherapy	45
Regulatory T cells function in established systemic inflammation and reverse fatal autoimmunity	45
The function of Wtap in N6-adenosine methylation of mRNAs controls T cell receptor signaling and survival of T cells	44
Glucocorticoid signaling and regulatory T cells cooperate to maintain the hair-follicle stem-cell niche	44
Prior vaccination promotes early activation of memory T cells and enhances immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection	44
Urban living in healthy Tanzanians is associated with an inflammatory status driven by dietary and metabolic changes	44
pH sensing controls tissue inflammation by modulating cellular metabolism and endo-lysosomal function of immune cells	44
Hallmarks of CD8+ T cell dysfunction are established within hours of tumor antigen encounter before cell division	44
Neuropilin-1 mediates lung tissue-specific control of ILC2 function in type 2 immunity	44
Strategies of neutrophil diversification	43
A guide to systems-level immunomics	43
Macrophage IRX3 promotes diet-induced obesity and metabolic inflammation	43
Orchestration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment by ubiquitous cellular protein TCTP released by tumor cells	43
Repression of CTSG, ELANE and PRTN3-mediated histone H3 proteolytic cleavage promotes monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation	43
BNT162b2 vaccine induces divergent B cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2	43
High-throughput and high-dimensional single-cell analysis of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells	43
SARS-CoV-2 immune repertoire in MIS-C and pediatric COVID-19	42
Skin and gut imprinted helper T cell subsets exhibit distinct functional phenotypes in central nervous system autoimmunity	42
Long-term culture-expanded alveolar macrophages restore their full epigenetic identity after transfer in vivo	42
SHP-2 and PD-1-SHP-2 signaling regulate myeloid cell differentiation and antitumor responses	42
T cell egress via lymphatic vessels is tuned by antigen encounter and limits tumor control	42
A global effort to dissect the human genetic basis of resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection	42
TET deficiency perturbs mature B cell homeostasis and promotes oncogenesis associated with accumulation of G-quadruplex and R-loop structures	41
Deletion of PD-1 destabilizes the lineage identity and metabolic fitness of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells	41
TCF-1 promotes chromatin interactions across topologically associating domains in T cell progenitors	41
Deconvoluting global cytokine signaling networks in natural killer cells	40
Clonally expanded EOMES+ Tr1-like cells in primary and metastatic tumors are associated with disease progression	40
LAG3 ectodomain structure reveals functional interfaces for ligand and antibody recognition	40
Profound phenotypic and epigenetic heterogeneity of the HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cell reservoir	40
Fibroblastic reticular cell lineage convergence in Peyer’s patches governs intestinal immunity	40
A variant in human AIOLOS impairs adaptive immunity by interfering with IKAROS	39
Repertoire analyses reveal T cell antigen receptor sequence features that influence T cell fate	39
Dectin-1 signaling on colonic γδ T cells promotes psychosocial stress responses	39
Adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 persist in the pharyngeal lymphoid tissue of children	39
Decoding the tumor microenvironment with spatial technologies	39
Single-cell analysis of FOXP3 deficiencies in humans and mice unmasks intrinsic and extrinsic CD4+ T cell perturbations	38
Dichotomous metabolic networks govern human ILC2 proliferation and function	38
Mucosal-associated invariant T cells restrict reactive oxidative damage and preserve meningeal barrier integrity and cognitive function	38
TCF-1: a maverick in T cell development and function	38
Human autoinflammatory disease reveals ELF4 as a transcriptional regulator of inflammation	38
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis identifies an immune-prone population in erythroid precursors during human ontogenesis	38
The X-linked epigenetic regulator UTX controls NK cell-intrinsic sex differences	38
CD66b−CD64dimCD115− cells in the human bone marrow represent neutrophil-committed progenitors	37
Normality sensing licenses local T cells for innate-like tissue surveillance	37
Taiwan’s experience in fighting COVID-19	37
Hypoxia shapes the immune landscape in lung injury and promotes the persistence of inflammation	37
Extrathymic expression of Aire controls the induction of effective TH17 cell-mediated immune response to Candida albicans	36
Replicative history marks transcriptional and functional disparity in the CD8+ T cell memory pool	36
A latent subset of human hematopoietic stem cells resists regenerative stress to preserve stemness	36
Human TH17 cells engage gasdermin E pores to release IL-1α on NLRP3 inflammasome activation	36
A RUNX–CBFβ-driven enhancer directs the Irf8 dose-dependent lineage choice between DCs and monocytes	36
Airway-resident T cells from unexposed individuals cross-recognize SARS-CoV-2	36
Intravital three-photon microscopy allows visualization over the entire depth of mouse lymph nodes	36
Effect of posttranslational modifications and subclass on IgG activity: from immunity to immunotherapy	35
Memory CD8+ T cell diversity and B cell responses correlate with protection against SARS-CoV-2 following mRNA vaccination	35
A second-generation M1-polarized CAR macrophage with antitumor efficacy	35
Fighting the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic requires a global approach to understanding the heterogeneity of vaccine responses	35
Disrupting Roquin-1 interaction with Regnase-1 induces autoimmunity and enhances antitumor responses	34
ISG15 secretion exacerbates inflammation in SARS-CoV-2 infection	34
Adenovirus vector vaccination reprograms pulmonary fibroblastic niches to support protective inflating memory CD8+ T cells	34
Age-induced alterations of granulopoiesis generate atypical neutrophils that aggravate stroke pathology	34
IL-17D-induced inhibition of DDX5 expression in keratinocytes amplifies IL-36R-mediated skin inflammation	33
Mitochondrial damage activates the NLRP10 inflammasome	33
Neuroinflammation creates an immune regulatory niche at the meningeal lymphatic vasculature near the cribriform plate	33
MafB-restricted local monocyte proliferation precedes lung interstitial macrophage differentiation	33
Inflammation triggers ILC3 patrolling of the intestinal barrier	33
Lymph node homeostasis and adaptation to immune challenge resolved by fibroblast network mechanics	32
Human circulating and tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells	31
Antigen-specific B cells direct T follicular-like helper cells into lymphoid follicles to mediate Mycobacterium tuberculosis control	30
Monocyte-derived IL-6 programs microglia to rebuild damaged brain vasculature	30
Broadly effective metabolic and immune recovery with C5 inhibition in CHAPLE disease	30
Dynamic CD4+ T cell heterogeneity defines subset-specific suppression and PD-L1-blockade-driven functional restoration in chronic infection	30
Systems analysis and controlled malaria infection in Europeans and Africans elucidate naturally acquired immunity	30
Tcf1 preprograms the mobilization of glycolysis in central memory CD8+ T cells during recall responses	30
COVID-19 control in Vietnam	30
Tcf1–CTCF cooperativity shapes genomic architecture to promote CD8+ T cell homeostasis	29
NLRP3 licenses NLRP11 for inflammasome activation in human macrophages	29