Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Papers
(The median citation count of Physics and Chemistry of the Earth is 2. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2020-03-01 to 2024-03-01.)
ArticleCitations
Effect of TiO2 phase on the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye59
Rainfall and runoff trend analysis in the Limpopo river basin using the Mann Kendall statistic53
Analysis on the spatiotemporal patterns and driving mechanisms of China's agricultural production efficiency from 2000 to 201553
Land use and land cover (LULC) change analysis using TM, ETM+ and OLI Landsat images in district of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan52
Mechanical properties of semi-lightweight concrete containing nano-palm oil clinker powder49
A review of the managed aquifer recharge: Historical development, current situation and perspectives40
Properties of concrete with eggshell powder: A review37
Land change modeler and CA-Markov chain analysis for land use land cover change using satellite data of Peshawar, Pakistan37
Comprehensive comparison of artificial neural networks and long short-term memory networks for rainfall-runoff simulation34
Progress in greywater reuse for home gardening: Opportunities, perceptions and challenges31
COVID-19 vaccine-induced recovery and the implications of vaccine apartheid on the global tourism industry30
Future ecosystem service value modeling with land cover dynamics by using machine learning based Artificial Neural Network model for Jashore city, Bangladesh30
Downscaling simulation of groundwater storage in the Tarim River basin in northwest China based on GRACE data28
Occurrence of cyanobacteria in water used for food production: A review27
Monitoring the causes of pollution using groundwater quality and chemistry before and after the monsoon27
Sub-watershed prioritization of Koyna river basin in India using multi criteria analytical hierarchical process, remote sensing and GIS techniques26
Contributions of climate change and human activities to runoff variations in the Poyang Lake Basin of China25
Impact of multidimensional urbanization on carbon emissions in an ecological civilization experimental area of China25
Key drivers for adopting design build: A comparative study between project stakeholders25
Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water supply systems: A systematic review24
Tradeoff of Exploitation-protection and Suitability Evaluation of Low-slope hilly from the perspective of “production-living-ecological” optimization23
Machine learning and analytical model hybridization to assess the impact of climate change on solar PV energy production23
Using satellite-based weather data as input to SWAT in a data poor catchment23
Quantitative impacts of climate change and human activities on the runoff evolution process in the Yanhe River Basin23
Predicting the impacts of land use/land cover change on land surface temperature using remote sensing approach in Al Kut, Iraq23
Mechanical properties of high strength concrete that replace cement partly by using fly ash and eggshell powder22
A review of eco-sustainable techniques for the removal of Rhodamine B dye utilizing biomass residue adsorbents21
Use of unmanned aerial vehicle imagery and a hybrid algorithm combining a watershed algorithm and adaptive threshold segmentation to extract wheat lodging21
Use of (partially) treated municipal wastewater in irrigated agriculture; potentials and constraints for sub-Saharan Africa21
Spatio-temporal evolution of surface urban heat islands in the Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration21
Evaluation and improvement of remote sensing-based methods for river flow management20
Measurement and temporal & spatial variation of urban eco-efficiency in the Yellow River Basin20
Effects of land use and land cover change on carbon sequestration and adaptive management in Shanghai, China19
Validation of the accuracy of the CHIRPS precipitation dataset at representing climate variability in a tropical mountainous region of South America19
Analysis of temporal and spatial differences and influencing factors of energy eco-efficiency in energy-rich area of the Yellow River Basin19
An overview of assessment methods and analysis for climate change risk in China18
Vulnerability assessment and its driving forces in terms of NDVI and GPP over the Loess Plateau, China18
A novel study of SWAT and ANN models for runoff simulation with application on dataset of metrological stations17
Investigation of thermal performance and chemical stability of graphene enhanced phase change material for thermal energy storage17
Removal of Congo red dye from aqueous media using Litchi seeds powder: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics17
Spatiotemporal variation of enhanced vegetation index in the Amazon Basin and its response to climate change17
Study on the thresholds of grain production risk from climate change in China's main grain-producing areas16
Impact of anthropogenic and geological factors on groundwater hydrochemistry in the unconfined aquifers of Indo-Gangetic plain16
A comparison of performance measures of three machine learning algorithms for flood susceptibility mapping of river Silabati (tropical river, India)16
Spatial and temporal dynamics of social-ecological resilience in Nepal from 2000 to 201515
Effects of urbanization on precipitation in Beijing15
Hydrogeochemical and isotopic evidence of groundwater salinization in a coastal aquifer: A case study in Jerba Island, southeastern Tunisia15
Evaluation of short-term streamflow prediction methods in Urban river basins15
The trend of heatwave events in the Northern Hemisphere14
Construction waste recycling: Enhancement strategies and organization size14
Mapping integrated vulnerability of coastal agricultural livelihood to climate change in Bangladesh: Implications for spatial adaptation planning14
An assessment of irrigation water quality and potential of reusing greywater in home gardens in water-limited environments14
Drinking water quality assessment based on index values incorporating WHO guidelines and Bangladesh standards14
Hydro-meteorological drought risk assessment using linear and nonlinear multivariate methods14
Prediction of the standardized precipitation index based on the long short-term memory and empirical mode decomposition-extreme learning machine models: The Case of Sakarya, Türkiye14
Exploring rural decline with the perspective of demographics: Case study of Hubei, China13
Analysis of rainfall extremes in the Ngong River Basin of Kenya: Towards integrated urban flood risk management13
Climate change impact on water availability in the olifants catchment (South Africa) with potential adaptation strategies13
Occurrences and genesis of emerald and other beryls mineralization in Egypt: A review13
The impact of climate change on land degradation along with shoreline migration in Ghoramara Island, India13
Improving coal mine safety with internet of things (IoT) based Dynamic Sensor Information Control System13
Investigating feasibility of use of bio-sand filters for household water treatment in Epworth, Zimbabwe13
Hydrological simulation of Ammameh basin by artificial neural network and SWAT models12
Retrieving spatial variation of aerosol level over urban mixed land surfaces using Landsat imageries: Degree of air pollution in Dhaka Metropolitan Area12
Heavy metal pollution index of surface and groundwater from around an abandoned mine site, Klein Aub12
Sustainable circularity and intelligent data-driven operations and control of the wastewater treatment plant12
Estimation of groundwater recharge in savannah aquifers along a precipitation gradient using chloride mass balance method and environmental isotopes, Namibia12
Radiological safety of groundwater around a uranium mine in Namibia12
Mapping the Eucalyptus spp woodlots in communal areas of Southern Africa using Sentinel-2 Multi-Spectral Imager data for hydrological applications11
A hybrid probabilistic seismic hazard model for Northeast India and Bhutan combining distributed seismicity and finite faults11
Influence of rainfall events on soil moisture in a typical steppe of Xilingol11
Hydrodynamic groundwater modeling and hydrochemical conceptualization of the mining area of Moulares Redeyef (southwestern of Tunisia): New local insights11
Separating variance in the runoff in Beijing's river system under climate change and human activities11
Groundwater storage change estimation using GRACE data and Google Earth Engine: A basin scale study11
Assessing impacts of climate change on flexible pavement service life based on Falling Weight Deflectometer measurements11
Application of green microalgae biofilms for heavy metals removal from mine effluent11
Fractal analysis of lineaments using CryoSat-2 and Jason-1 satellite-derived gravity data: Evidence of a uniform tectonic activity over the middle part of the Central Indian Ridge11
Spatiotemporal variations of agricultural water use efficiency and its response to the Grain to Green Program during 1982–2015 in the Chinese Loess Plateau11
Origins and processes of groundwater salinisation in Barka coastal aquifer, Sultanate of Oman10
Microplastics as heavy metal vectors in the freshwater environment: Distribution, variations, sources and health risk10
The prediction of blue water footprint at Semambu water treatment plant by means of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) models10
Stability prediction and optimal angle of high slope in open-pit mine based on two-dimension limit equilibrium method and three-dimension numerical simulation10
Spatiotemporal changes in water consumption structure of the Yellow River Basin, China10
Assessing the sustainability of grass-based livestock husbandry in Hulun Buir, China10
Monitoring spatial-temporal variations of surface areas of small reservoirs in Ghana's Upper East Region using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and machine learning10
An assessment of water consumption patterns and land productivity and water productivity using WA+ framework and satellite data inputs10
Assessing the impacts of industrial wastewater on the inland surface water quality: An application of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model-based water quality index and GIS techniques10
Predicting land degradation using Sentinel-2 and environmental variables in the Lepellane catchment of the Greater Sekhukhune District, South Africa10
Advances on concrete strength properties after adding polypropylene fibers from health personal protective equipment (PPE) of COVID-19: Implication on waste management and sustainable environment10
Carbon footprint and carbon carrying capacity of vegetation in ecologically fragile areas: A case study of Yunnan10
A comprehensive index for assessing regional dry-hot wind events in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, China10
Integrating ecological and social vulnerability assessment in Qinghai Province, China10
Hydrochemical assessment of groundwater suitability for irrigation in the north-eastern blocks of Purulia district, India using GIS and AHP techniques10
An assessment of ERT as a method to monitor water content regime in flood embankments: The case study of the Adige River embankment10
Study on the variation in evapotranspiration in different period of the Genhe River Basin in China10
Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on shear strength of unsaturated bentonite modified clay10
Calibration and validation of the AquaCrop model for full and deficit irrigated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)10
Optimal band characterization in reformation of hyperspectral indices for species diversity estimation9
Organic geochemical signals of Paleozoic rocks in the southern Tethys, Siwa basin, Egypt: Implications for source rock characterization and petroleum system9
Performance of glass powder as bitumen modifier in hot mix asphalt9
Empirical analysis on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food insecurity in South Africa9
Agricultural Lolium perenne seeds as a low-cost biosorbent for Safranine T adsorption from wastewater: Isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies9
Utilization of coffee husk ash for soil stabilization: A systematic review9
Soil salinity prediction models constructed by different remote sensors9
Modelling Arctic coastal plain lake depths using machine learning and Google Earth Engine9
Mineralogy and BCR sequential leaching of ion-adsorption type REE: A novelty study at Johor, Malaysia9
Assessment on controlling factors of urbanization possibility in a newly developing city of the Vietnamese Mekong delta using logistic regression analysis8
Shear strength performance of dredged sediment soil stabilized with lime8
Projections of precipitation and temperature in Southern Iraq using a LARS-WG Stochastic weather generator8
Spatiotemporal coupling of multidimensional urbanization and resource–environment performance in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration of China8
The performance of S2<8
Study on freeze-thaw resistance with NaCl of desert sand engineering cement composites8
Climatic change impacts on Chinese sugarcane planting: Benefits and risks8
Coronavirus disease vulnerability map using a geographic information system (GIS) from 16 April to 16 May 20208
Risk assessment of the global crop loss in ENSO events8
Biosynthesis of bioflocculant passivated copper nanoparticles, characterization and application8
Water budget variation, groundwater depletion, and water resource vulnerability in the Haihe River Basin during the new millennium8
Evaluation of groundwater quality and heavy metal pollution index of the industrial area, Chennai8
Soil moisture estimation using triangular method at higher resolution from MODIS products7
Machine learning based modeling for future prospects of land use land cover change in Gopalganj District, Bangladesh7
Assessing the urban heat island variations and its influencing mechanism in metropolitan areas of Pearl River Delta, South China7
Shear strength and durability against wetting and drying cycles of lime-stabilised laterite soil as subgrade7
Seismic response analysis of frame structure with uneven settlement of foundation7
Nitrate contamination in groundwater and its health implications in a semi-urban region of Titrol block, Jagatsinghpur district, Odisha, India7
Performance of soil stabilized with biopolymer materials – xanthan gum and guar gum7
Efficiency of China's urban development under carbon emission constraints: A city-level analysis7
Appraisal of heavy metals exposure risks via water pathway by using a combination pollution indices approaches, and the associated potential health hazards on population, Red Sea State, Sudan7
Utilisation of cement brick waste as low cost adsorbent for the adsorptive removal of copper, nickel and iron from aqueous solution: Batch and column studies7
Gully erosion susceptibility mapping using four machine learning methods in Luzinzi watershed, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo7
Parameter analysis of excavation face stability of shield tunnel under high water pressure seepage7
Spatio-temporal distribution and prediction of agricultural and meteorological drought in a Mediterranean coastal watershed via GIS and machine learning7
Projecting impacts of temperature and population changes on respiratory disease mortality in Yancheng7
Evaluating greenhouse gas emission reductions by using solar water heaters: A case of low income households in Ekurhuleni, South Africa7
Effects of climate change and drought attributes in Nigeria based on RCP 8.5 climate scenario7
Investigation on storage stability and rheological properties of environment-friendly devulcanized rubber modified asphalt7
Geo- and seismo- tectonics of Eastern Himalaya: Exploring earthquake source zones from foredeep to Tibetan hinterland7
Soil salinity prediction using Machine Learning and Sentinel – 2 Remote Sensing Data in Hyper – Arid areas7
Changes to the 1979–2013 summer Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) and extreme precipitation over North America7
Evaluation of source water quality and the influencing factors: A case study of Macao6
Effect of desert sand on the uniaxial compressive properties of mortar after elevated temperature6
Contamination and health risks of trace metals in water and sediments of May Sieley stream, Ethiopia6
Potential to remove heavy metals and cyanide from gold mining wastewater using biochar6
New insights on the tectonic framework using EIGEN6C4 gravity data, seismicity, and finite element stress analysis: An attempt to map earthquake vulnerable zones in parts of North-East India and surro6
Application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for slope mapping at Pahang Matriculation College, Malaysia6
Detecting and mapping flood inundation areas in Fogera-Dera Floodplain, Ethiopia during an extreme wet season using Sentinel-1 data6
Hydrogeochemical characterization of water quality evolution within Livingstonia coalfield mining areas in Rumphi district, northern Malawi6
Innovative oxidation and kinetic studies of ferrous ion by sodium ferrate (VI) and simultaneous removal of metals from a synthetic acid mine drainage6
Modeling of standardized groundwater index of Bihar using machine learning techniques6
Ecological impacts of forest fire on composition and structure of tropical deciduous forests of central India6
Adsorption mechanism and performance of tetracycline on different biochar-based amphoteric clays6
Effect of different concrete properties on frost heave crack in U-shaped canal lining and joint6
Isoscapes to address the regional precipitation trends in the equatorial region of Southeast Asia6
Assessment of drought variability using SPEI under observed and projected climate scenarios over Uttar Pradesh, India6
Flood risk assessment in Luvuvhu river, Limpopo province, South Africa6
Assessment and monitoring of meteorological and hydrological drought in semiarid regions: The Wadi Ouahrane basin case study (Algeria)6
Participation mode and production efficiency enhancement mechanism of Geographical Indication products in rural areas: A meta-frontier analysis6
Effect of pre-treatment of wastewater in HRAP on nitrogen removal in subsurface flow gravel bed constructed wetland6
Evaluation of the performance of Mzuzu Central Hospital wastewater oxidation ponds and its effect on water quality in Lunyangwa River, Northern Malawi6
Integrating land use/land cover change with change in functional zones’ boundary of the East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve, China6
Application of combined drought index to assess meteorological drought in the south western region of Bangladesh6
Monitoring and assessment of the seasonal and inter-annual pan inundation dynamics in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Southern Africa6
Predicting climate factors based on big data analytics based agricultural disaster management5
Comparison of regional droughts impacts and social responses in the historical China: A case study of the Han dynasty5
Assessing the performance of a versatile and affordable geotechnical monitoring system for river embankments5
Spatiotemporal evolution of the green efficiency of industrial water resources and its influencing factors in the Poyang Lake region5
Prediction of future climate in semi-arid catchment under CMIP6 scenarios: A case study of Bahi (Manyoni) catchment in Internal Drainage basin (IDB), Tanzania5
Assessment and optimization of territorial space vulnerability: A case study of Xingyang, Henan, China5
Seismic performance and cost analysis for reinforced concrete school building under different type of soil5
Review of current models and approaches used for maize crop yield forecasting in sub-Saharan Africa and their potential use in early warning systems5
The application of environmental isotopes to conceptualize groundwater recharge in a coastal aquifer system: Case study of the West Coast Aquifer System, South Africa5
Partitioning non-revenue water for Juru Rural Service Centre, Goromonzi District, Zimbabwe5
Investigation of bending and compression properties on PLA-brass composite using FDM5
Integration of hydrogeophysical and geological investigations in enhancing groundwater potential assessment in Houtriver gneiss crystalline basement formation of South Africa5
Response of hydrological processes to climate and land use changes in Hiso River watershed, Fukushima, Japan5
Soil radioactivity levels and radiation exposure to the population in Aswan and Abu Simbel areas, South of Egypt5
The electrokinetic stabilization (EKS) impact on soft soil (peat) stability towards its physical, mechanical and dynamic properties at Johor state, Peninsular Malaysia5
Investigating the effects of calcination time on Α-alumina synthesis from aluminum waste can5
Investigating trends and components of non-revenue water for Glendale, Zimbabwe5
Calibration and evaluation of six popular evapotranspiration formula based on the Penman-Monteith model for continental climate in Turkey5
Evaluating historical and predicted long-term land use/land-cover change in Dodoma Urban District, Tanzania: 1992–20295
Assessment of nutrient enrichment and heavy metal pollution of headwater streams of Bulawayo, Zimbabwe5
Water quality assessment and potential ecological risk of trace metals in sediments of some selected rivers in Vhembe district, South Africa5
GIS based spatial-temporal distribution of water quality parameters and heavy metals in drinking water: Ecological and health modelling5
Effect of human resources management and advances to improve construction project performance5
Smallholder farmer coping and adaptation strategies during the 2015-18 drought in the Western Cape, South Africa4
The contribution of swelling to self-sealing of claystone studied through x-ray tomography4
Potential impact assessment for China's dry and wet areas under global warming targets4
Application of Multiple Geographical Units Convolutional Neural Network based on neighborhood effects in urban waterlogging risk assessment in the city of Guangzhou, China4
Paleoseismic context of the 1950 earthquake: Implications for seismic gaps in the Eastern Himalaya4
Simulation of flood peak discharges and volumes for flood risk management in the ungauged urban informal settlement of Kibera, Kenya4
Correlation between soil erodibility and light penetrometer blows: A case study in Sungai Langat, Malaysia4
Effectiveness of environmental management institutions in sustainable water resources management in the upper Pungwe River basin, Zimbabwe4
A comparative review on American, European and Chinese standard for railway concrete sleeper4
Satellite monitoring of surface water variability in the drought prone Western Cape, South Africa4
Improving phenological monitoring of winter wheat by considering sensor spectral response in spatiotemporal image fusion4
Forgotten frontline workers in higher education: Aiding Ghana in the COVID-19 recovery process4
Medicinal plants used for the management of respiratory diseases in Zimbabwe: Review and perspectives potential management of COVID-194
Landuse and landcover change assessment in the Upper Runde sub-catchment, Zimbabwe and possible impacts on reservoir sedimentation4
Hydro-chemical characterisation and quality assessment of shallow groundwater in parts of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal4
Modelling COVID-19 infection with seasonality in Zimbabwe4
Detecting and mapping the spatial distribution of Chromoleana odorata invasions in communal areas of South Africa using Sentinel-2 multispectral remotely sensed data4
Has significant improvement achieved related to the livelihood capital of rural households after the effort of reducing poverty at large scale? New evidence from a survey of the severe poverty areas i4
Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in dust and leaves of Conocarpus erectus in urban areas: Implications for phytoremediation4
A comparative study of high capacity tensiometer designs4
Verification of tree induced suction with numerical model4
Simultaneous quantitative speciation of selected toxic elements in water using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS)4
Assessment of slope failure susceptibility along road networks in a forested region, northern Iran4
Modelling the impact of climate change on the flow of the Eerste River in South Africa4
Application of UAV-based photogrammetry and normalised water index (NDWI) to estimate the rock mass rating (RMR): A case study4
A new combination approach for optimal design of sedimentation tanks based on hydrodynamic simulation model and machine learning algorithms4
Spatiotemporal evolution of coupling coordination in population-land relationship and its influencing factors: A case study of 26 main cities in Yangtze River Delta, China4
Can slope adjusted Curve Number models compensate runoff underestimation in steep watersheds?: A study over experimental plots in India4
Sorghum best practice management recommendations based on AquaCrop modeling scenario analysis in various agro-ecologies of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa4
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) to estimate the input ground motions for Co-seismic landslide hazard assessment: A case study on Himalayan highways, Sikkim India4
Environmental radioactivity of groundwater and sediments in the Kuiseb and Okavango-Omatako basins in Namibia4
Relationship between soil erodibility and shear wave velocity: A feasibility study4
Dynamic response analysis of story-adding structure with isolation technique subjected to near-fault pulse-like ground motions4
RSM-based modelling of cement mortar with various water to cement ratio and steel slag content4
An ensemble empirical mode decomposition of consecutive dry days in the Zambezi Riparian Region: Implications for water management4
Estimation of surface water quality parameters based on hyper-spectral and 3D-EEM fluorescence technologies in the Ebinur Lake Watershed, China3
Nitrogen removal buffer capacity of the Lubigi wetland in Uganda3
Joint inversion of ground gravity data and satellite gravity gradients between Nepal and Bhutan: New insights on structural and seismic segmentation of the Himalayan arc3
REAL-TIME quality check of measurements of soil water status in the vadose zone3
Groundwater analysis using Gravity Recovery, Climate Experiment and Google Earth Engine: Bundelkhand region, India3
An IoT based efficient Air pollution prediction system using DLMNN classifier3
Electrochemical characterization and joule heating performance of polyaniline incorporated cotton fabric3
Baseline study on identification, characterization, distribution and abundance of microplastics in surface water from Ennore to Kovalam along the east coast of India3
A review of agro-potential waste as a constituent in railway sleepers3
Google earth engine based computational system for the earth and environment monitoring applications during the COVID-19 pandemic using thresholding technique on SAR datasets3
Divulging the efficacy of e-learning through the eyes of university students: Lessons from a third world perspective3
Water accounting of a trans-boundary river basin using satellite observations and WA+ framework3
Seismicity and magnitude recurrence hazard assessment in Eastern Nepal, Northeast India and Tibet Himalaya3
Potential climate change impact assessment on the hydrology of the Lake Tana Basin, Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia3
Hazard prediction and risk regionalization of snowstorms in northeast China3
Identification of urban functional zones in Macau Peninsula based on POI data and remote information sensors technology for sustainable development3
A high spatiotemporal resolution land surface temperature research over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for 2000–20203
Water and productivity accounting using WA+ framework for sustainable water resources management: Case study of northwestern Iran3
Exploring provincial sustainable intensification of cultivated land use in China: An empirical study based on emergy analysis3
Spatiotemporal evolution and convergence of agricultural eco-efficiency in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River3
Progress in the remote sensing of groundwater-dependent ecosystems in semi-arid environments3
Rapid and low cost ground displacement mapping using UAV photogrammetry3
Research on basic mechanical properties of different modulus alkaline excited ECC3
Anthropogenic pollution influences on the physical and chemical quality of water and sediments of the umdloti river system, Kwazulu-Natal3
Compressive properties and microscopic analysis of engineered cementitious composites after salt freezing3
Microplastic abundance and characterization in municipal sewage sludge from cities across upper Ganga River, India: Apprising microplastic uptakes and their toxicity in the plant during sludge applica3
Measuring soil evaporation from a cropped land in the semi-arid Makanya catchment, Northern Tanzania: Methods and challenges3
Spatial variability of earthquake hazard parameters, return periods and probabilities of earthquake occurrences in the eastern Himalayan seismic belt3
Household water use efficiency: Current trends, opportunities and constraints in Gaborone, Botswana3
Influence of ageing and moisture damage on the Illinois flexibility index value of polymer modified asphalt mixture3
Study on multi-objective optimal operation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir based on NNIA algorithm3
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