OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The TQCC of Nature Reviews Immunology is 25. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-11-01 to 2025-11-01.)

Article	Citations
Regulation goes awry in the liver	937
Heart failure affects innate immune memory	822
Comparing neurological complications after COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection	676
Author Correction: Strategies for HIV-1 vaccines that induce broadly neutralizing antibodies	673
Early life antibiotics have lasting effects on the lung epithelium	617
BCG plus β-glucan trains neutrophils to beat bladder cancer	613
Vaccines only partially protect against Long COVID	560
Human immune organoids: a tool to study vaccine responses	447
Broadly neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses	413
Natural killer cells that target autoimmune cells linked with protection against multiple sclerosis	391
Decoding the human prenatal immune system with single-cell multi-omics	379
Exercise induces metabolic changes in the gut microbiota that enhance anti-tumour T cell responses	340
Muscle spindle macrophages regulate motor coordination	320
Viral infection and antiviral immunity in the oral cavity	317
The immunology of asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis	307
Regulation of cGAS–STING signalling and its diversity of cellular outcomes	304
Challenges in developing personalized neoantigen cancer vaccines	287
The danger theory of immunity revisited	284
Stressed tumours release immunosuppressive vesicles	273
Omicron alone provides limited cross-protection	271
Gut commensals promote antiviral immunity via extracellular vesicles	269
Targeting malaria transmission	268
The distinctive immune features of long COVID	267
Human T follicular regulatory cells with helper and regulatory lineage origins	266
Fatty liver disease induced by maternal obesity is driven by metabolic rewiring of Kupffer cells	264

Antiviral neutralizing antibodies: from in vitro to in vivo activity	250
Neutrophils are dispensable for Shigella control: macrophages take centre stage	250
Novel insights into the immune response to bacterial T cell superantigens	233
B cells in central nervous system disease: diversity, locations and pathophysiology	232
How bile acids and the microbiota interact to shape host immunity	227
The NLR gene family: from discovery to present day	218
Encouraging vaccine uptake: lessons from behavioural science	211
Mechanistic insights from inflammasome structures	208
A guide to adaptive immune memory	205
Mapping the developmental trajectory and recruitment of memory-phenotype Ly49+CD8+ T cells	202
Blood neutrophil subset predicts the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer	193
Salt sensitivity includes effects on immune cell signalling and metabolism	191
You are what you ate: myeloid cells trained by fatty acids	185
Bile duct tuft cells regulate immune defences	183
Adaptive meets innate: CD8+ T cells kill MHC-I-negative tumour cells	178
T cell–eosinophil collaboration	176
Gut ILC2s remember IL-25	169
Author Correction: SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1 – A Tale of Two Vaccines	165
The kiss a cell can’t forget: tracking cell–cell interactions with uLIPSTIC	163
Online immunology education for a global world	158
The OrganiX microfluidic system to recreate the complex tumour microenvironment	155
Splenic stromal niches in homeostasis and immunity	153
Spatial adaptation of eosinophils and their emerging roles in homeostasis, infection and disease	153
The cancer-immune dialogue in the context of stress	146
Cross reactive T cells hold up against Omicron	146
The germinal centre B cell response to SARS-CoV-2	146
Feeding IgA+ plasma cells	144
Bacteria in tumours promote cancer progression	142
JAKs drive innate-like TH9 cell activation in allergy	140
Negative regulation of fungal immunity by STING	139
Mechanistic insights into Long COVID in hamsters	136
Defective viral genomes can protect against SARS-CoV-2 variants and other respiratory viruses	133
Spatial resolution of host–microbiome interactions	132
Low risk of CAR T cells going rogue	131
An ILC3-intrinsic, CTLA4-dependent intestinal checkpoint	126
Monocytes rule energy metabolism with an iron fist	125
Neutrophils make matrix to fortify barrier immunity	124
The immunopathogenesis of narcolepsy type 1	119
The spatial and temporal activation of macrophages during fibrosis	119
Author Correction: Cancer cell metabolism and antitumour immunity	117
The biology of TREM receptors	115
Olfactory immunology: the missing piece in airway and CNS defence	114
Strategies for HIV-1 vaccines that induce broadly neutralizing antibodies	112
A guide to antigen processing and presentation	111
Microenvironmental regulation of solid tumour resistance to CAR T cell therapy	106
Monkeypox: disease epidemiology, host immunity and clinical interventions	104
Rejuvenation through checkpoint inhibitors?	104
Foetal sex affects maternal and placental immune responses to SARS-CoV-2	101
Author Correction: Immune dysregulation and immunopathology induced by SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses — are we our own worst enemy?	96
Commensal fungi support granulocyte development	95

Publisher Correction: Immunological studies in trans-individuals undergoing gender affirming hormone therapy	93
Guardians of immune privilege	93
mRNA vaccine for treating pancreatic cancer	92
Podoplanin mediates stromal–immune crosstalk in the lymph node	92
Spatial immunometabolic zonation in tuberculosis granulomas	89
Local immune recognition of trophoblast in early human pregnancy: controversies and questions	89
Glomerulonephritis: immunopathogenesis and immunotherapy	85
The regulation and differentiation of regulatory T cells and their dysfunction in autoimmune diseases	84
T cells target viral protein to remove senescent fibroblasts	82
The promise of immunotherapy for central nervous system tumours	81
We need to keep an eye on avian influenza	80
MR1 antigen presentation to MAIT cells and other MR1-restricted T cells	79
DNA damage and repair in age-related inflammation	78
Pollution impairs lung defences with age	78
Bacterial serotonin induces Treg cells in neonates	77
Neutralizing autoantibodies against type 1 interferons identified in West Nile virus encephalitis	76
γδ T cells sense disturbance	73
Boosting cytotoxic T cells for immunotherapy	71
Microbiota licenses protective CD8+ T cell responses against neonatal influenza	70
Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 linked to HLA-B*15:01	66
Insights into immune cell–fibroblast communication in heart disease	66
Lung-resident memory B cells class-switch to IgE	65
Early antiviral type I interferon impairs lung metastasis	65
Integrated organ immunity: a path to a universal vaccine	64
CODEX multiplexed tissue imaging	61
The renaissance of oral tolerance: merging tradition and new insights	60
Hypoxia and IL-24 drive a sterile wound healing pathway	59
Actin branching maintains tissue-resident mast cells	58
Turning on anti-tumour T cells via MTAP	57
Defining myeloid-derived suppressor cells	57
Beyond neutralization: Fc-dependent antibody effector functions in SARS-CoV-2 infection	56
IL-17 and IL-17-producing cells in protection versus pathology	55
First glimpses into the mechanisms of Long COVID	54
Effect of prenatal stress on the developing brain	53
The autoinflammatory disease APLAID is driven by G-CSF	52
Author Correction: The immunology of long COVID	50
A pan-cancer signature for dysfunctional T cells	50
Mitochondria in monocyte-derived cells promote tissue damage in multiple sclerosis	49
When ‘mild’ COVID-19 is not so mild	48
B cell-derived acetylcholine curbs haematopoiesis	47
Bacteria tag tumours for CAR T cell attack	46
Trogocytosis challenges the cellular specificity of lineage markers and monoclonal antibodies	45
PerturbView: scalable image-based perturbation screens in cells and tissues	45
Disturbance of cytoskeleton primes RIG-I-like receptors	45
Boosting glymphatic drainage via adrenergic receptor inhibition protects the injured brain	45
NMDAR-directed CAAR T cells show promise for autoimmune encephalitis	43
Modelling vaccination strategies for COVID-19	41
Immunology of food aversion	41
SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy	40
Understanding COVID-19-associated coagulopathy	40
The role of galectins in immunity and infection	39
Role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in allergy and beyond	39
Targeting ER stress sensor restores immunogenicity of chemotherapy	39
The role of transcription factors in shaping regulatory T cell identity	39
Transposon-derived decoy fine-tunes IFN responses	38
CARD8 kills CD4+ T cells in response to HIV entry	37
Author Correction: The role of platelets in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases	36
Inclusion of ACKR5 in the systematic nomenclature of atypical chemokine receptors	32
The diversity of CD8+ T cell dysfunction in cancer and viral infection	32
Disentangling the relative importance of T cell responses in COVID-19: leading actors or supporting cast?	32
Linking Epstein-Barr virus infection to multiple sclerosis	31
Macrophages bordering the brain parenchyma regulate the flow of cerebrospinal fluid	30
CRISPR screens for functional interrogation of immunity	30
Meningeal MAIT cells preserve brain homeostasis	29
Human ILC2s can act as cytolytic killers	28
Macrophage quality control of HSCs	28
Comparing paediatric COVID-19 with MIS-C	28
Regulation of innate-like activities of neonatal CD8+ T cells	28
Obesity-associated autoreactivity	27
Unconventional T cells shape tissue-specific lymph node responses	27
Focusing on the correct gene signatures for SLE	26
Fetal Treg cell reprogramming links maternal immunity to neurodevelopment	26
Publisher Correction: Inflammasome components as new therapeutic targets in inflammatory disease	26
Osteoblast-derived ATP maintains bone marrow plasma cells	25