OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The median citation count of Nature Reviews Immunology is 2. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2020-11-01 to 2024-11-01.)

Article	Citations
The cGAS–STING pathway as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases	986
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the era of increasing myeloid cell diversity	973
A guide to vaccinology: from basic principles to new developments	850
Progress of the COVID-19 vaccine effort: viruses, vaccines and variants versus efficacy, effectiveness and escape	848
Viral targets for vaccines against COVID-19	842
Local and systemic mechanisms linking periodontal disease and inflammatory comorbidities	691
Endothelial dysfunction and immunothrombosis as key pathogenic mechanisms in COVID-19	657
Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for treatment of COVID-19	587
COVID-19 vaccines: modes of immune activation and future challenges	558
Inflammation and immune dysfunction in Parkinson disease	539
Does the epithelial barrier hypothesis explain the increase in allergy, autoimmunity and other chronic conditions?	513
CD8+ T cell differentiation and dysfunction in cancer	483
Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans	445
Cytokine release syndrome and associated neurotoxicity in cancer immunotherapy	429
The roles of extracellular vesicles in the immune system	383
Mucosal vaccines — fortifying the frontiers	354
The inflammatory pathogenesis of colorectal cancer	346
The first 12 months of COVID-19: a timeline of immunological insights	340
Mitochondrial control of inflammation	327
Neutrophils in cancer: heterogeneous and multifaceted	324
IL-17 and IL-17-producing cells in protection versus pathology	318
Metabolic barriers to cancer immunotherapy	304
A guide to antigen processing and presentation	290
Fibroblasts as immune regulators in infection, inflammation and cancer	289
Regulation of immune responses by the airway epithelial cell landscape	281

Interferon-γ: teammate or opponent in the tumour microenvironment?	279
Redox regulation of immunometabolism	275
CD8+ T cell metabolism in infection and cancer	265
Monkeypox: disease epidemiology, host immunity and clinical interventions	257
Immune cell-mediated features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis	253
Death by TNF: a road to inflammation	247
Immunobiology and pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection	246
Natural killer cells in antiviral immunity	242
Inflammasome activation at the crux of severe COVID-19	237
SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals: measurement, causes and impact	235
Prospects for durable immune control of SARS-CoV-2 and prevention of reinfection	227
Regulation of inflammation by the antioxidant haem oxygenase 1	225
How the immune system shapes atherosclerosis: roles of innate and adaptive immunity	224
The type I interferonopathies: 10 years on	208
Neuromodulation by the immune system: a focus on cytokines	200
Roles of natural killer cells in immunity to cancer, and applications to immunotherapy	192
Immunomodulation by endothelial cells — partnering up with the immune system?	185
The state of complement in COVID-19	185
Understanding COVID-19-associated coagulopathy	178
Autoantibodies in neurological disease	176
Broadly neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses	175
The germinal centre B cell response to SARS-CoV-2	173
Tissue-specific macrophages: how they develop and choreograph tissue biology	166
Regulation of the nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors	165
Estimating disease severity of Omicron and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections	162
Immune ageing at single-cell resolution	161
Will SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern affect the promise of vaccines?	153
Engineering IL-2 for immunotherapy of autoimmunity and cancer	150
The immunology of long COVID	148
The impact of the gut microbiome on extra-intestinal autoimmune diseases	147
Innate immunity at the crossroads of healthy brain maturation and neurodevelopmental disorders	146
The immunology of multiple sclerosis	143
Strategies for HIV-1 vaccines that induce broadly neutralizing antibodies	142
Modulation of immune responses to vaccination by the microbiota: implications and potential mechanisms	140
Immune-mediated inflammatory disease therapeutics: past, present and future	139
Bacterial origins of human cell-autonomous innate immune mechanisms	136
Immune dysregulation and immunopathology induced by SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses — are we our own worst enemy?	132
Milder disease with Omicron: is it the virus or the pre-existing immunity?	132
Tissue regulatory T cells: regulatory chameleons	129
Leukocyte trafficking to the lungs and beyond: lessons from influenza for COVID-19	129
Neutrophil extracellular traps in systemic autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases	128
TCF1 in T cell immunity: a broadened frontier	125
Glucocorticoids in T cell development, differentiation and function	123
NOD-like receptor-mediated plant immunity: from structure to cell death	123
Cellular networks controlling T cell persistence in adoptive cell therapy	122
Targeting IL-6 trans-signalling: past, present and future prospects	122
Allergen immunotherapy: past, present and future	119
Are COVID-19 vaccines safe in pregnancy?	117
SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy	115
Tuning immunity through tissue mechanotransduction	114

Is IL-6 a key cytokine target for therapy in COVID-19?	113
Immunomodulation by radiotherapy in tumour control and normal tissue toxicity	113
Measuring immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection: comparing assays and animal models	111
Disentangling the relative importance of T cell responses in COVID-19: leading actors or supporting cast?	105
DNA damage and repair in age-related inflammation	105
Phase separation in immune signalling	103
Immune responses to human fungal pathogens and therapeutic prospects	102
The precursors of CD8+ tissue resident memory T cells: from lymphoid organs to infected tissues	102
Host-directed immunotherapy of viral and bacterial infections: past, present and future	102
Understanding human mast cells: lesson from therapies for allergic and non-allergic diseases	101
A guide to interrogating immunometabolism	98
The role of T cells in age-related diseases	98
Myeloid cell-targeted therapies for solid tumours	98
Diversity and dynamism of IgA−microbiota interactions	95
The biology of TREM receptors	93
Concerns about SARS-CoV-2 evolution should not hold back efforts to expand vaccination	91
The multifunctional protein HMGB1: 50 years of discovery	91
The interplay of immunology and cachexia in infection and cancer	86
The spatio-temporal control of effector T cell migration	86
Beyond neutralization: Fc-dependent antibody effector functions in SARS-CoV-2 infection	85
The role of galectins in immunity and infection	83
The immunology of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: what are the key questions?	83
Can we predict T cell specificity with digital biology and machine learning?	82
The link between circulating follicular helper T cells and autoimmunity	81
Omicron, the great escape artist	80
Crosstalk between the renin–angiotensin, complement and kallikrein–kinin systems in inflammation	79
Role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in allergy and beyond	78
The impact of pre-existing cross-reactive immunity on SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine responses	78
Lessons in self-defence: inhibition of virus entry by intrinsic immunity	76
B cells in central nervous system disease: diversity, locations and pathophysiology	73
Organellar homeostasis and innate immune sensing	72
RHO GTPases: from new partners to complex immune syndromes	71
Cerebral dysfunctions caused by sepsis during ageing	70
COVID-19 and cellular senescence	70
Impact of anti-PEG antibodies induced by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines	70
The role of platelets in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases	67
Immune and non-immune functions of adipose tissue leukocytes	65
Innate immune detection of lipid oxidation as a threat assessment strategy	65
Heterogeneity of type 2 innate lymphoid cells	64
The role of chromatin loop extrusion in antibody diversification	63
Expanding dendritic cell nomenclature in the single-cell era	63
The therapeutic age of the neonatal Fc receptor	62
Gasdermins: making pores for pyroptosis	62
Understanding COVID-19 in Africa	60
Endemic SARS-CoV-2 will maintain post-pandemic immunity	59
The NLR gene family: from discovery to present day	59
The unique properties of IgG4 and its roles in health and disease	57
Omicron entry route	56
Early-life interactions between the microbiota and immune system: impact on immune system development and atopic disease	56
New perspectives on the origins and heterogeneity of mast cells	55
T cell-oriented strategies for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic	55
Insights from a 30-year journey: function, regulation and therapeutic modulation of PD1	54
Engaging innate immunity in HIV-1 cure strategies	53
Modelling vaccination strategies for COVID-19	51
Memory B cells	50
SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity: silver bullet or silver lining?	49
Signals of hope: gauging the impact of a rapid national vaccination campaign	48
Tumour immunotherapy: lessons from predator–prey theory	47
Short-chain fatty acids: linking diet, the microbiome and immunity	47
Glomerulonephritis: immunopathogenesis and immunotherapy	45
Immune activation in irritable bowel syndrome: what is the evidence?	45
Structural insights into the evolution of the RAG recombinase	45
Determining the effector response to cell death	44
A guide to complement biology, pathology and therapeutic opportunity	44
Local immune recognition of trophoblast in early human pregnancy: controversies and questions	42
Inflammatory cytokines and cardiac arrhythmias: the lesson from COVID-19	42
SARS-CoV-2: from herd immunity to hybrid immunity	41
Clonal haematopoiesis and dysregulation of the immune system	37
SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 in asthmatics: a complex relationship	37
TGFβ control of immune responses in cancer: a holistic immuno-oncology perspective	36
Decoding bat immunity: the need for a coordinated research approach	35
A guide to thymic selection of T cells	35
Human stem cell models to study host–virus interactions in the central nervous system	34
Localization, tissue biology and T cell state — implications for cancer immunotherapy	32
The role of transcription factors in shaping regulatory T cell identity	32
Challenges in developing personalized neoantigen cancer vaccines	31
The role of PI3Kγ in the immune system: new insights and translational implications	31
Immunological barriers to haematopoietic stem cell gene therapy	28
Human and planetary health on fire	28
ORF9c and ORF10 as accessory proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in immune evasion	28

Protein kinases: drug targets for immunological disorders	28
Lessons from vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia	27
Regulatory T cells in the face of the intestinal microbiota	27
The immunopathogenesis of narcolepsy type 1	27
Infectious triggers and novel therapeutic opportunities in childhood B cell leukaemia	26
Reclassifying plasmacytoid dendritic cells as innate lymphocytes	25
We need to keep an eye on avian influenza	25
Respiratory syncytial virus after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic — what next?	25
Publisher Correction: A guide to vaccinology: from basic principles to new developments	25
Antiviral neutralizing antibodies: from in vitro to in vivo activity	25
Microglia regulation of central nervous system myelin health and regeneration	24
Three-dimensional genome organization in immune cell fate and function	24
Lessons from Long COVID: working with patients to design better research	24
Immunotherapy combination approaches: mechanisms, biomarkers and clinical observations	24
Control of immune cell function by the unfolded protein response	24
Will anti-vaccine activism in the USA reverse global goals?	23
CRISPR screens for functional interrogation of immunity	22
FOXP3 as a master regulator of Treg cells	21
Assessing the generation of tissue resident memory T cells by vaccines	21
Unique properties of tissue-resident memory T cells in the lungs: implications for COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases	21
Gene therapy for inborn errors of immunity: past, present and future	21
Encouraging vaccine uptake: lessons from behavioural science	20
Immune-based therapies in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: past, present and future	20
Vitamin D for COVID-19: where are we now?	19
Locally sourced: site-specific immune barriers to metastasis	19
Splenic stromal niches in homeostasis and immunity	19
The conneXion between sex and immune responses	18
The effect of physical exercise on anticancer immunity	18
mRNA vaccine shows promise in autoimmunity	18
The emerging family of RORγt+ antigen-presenting cells	18
Role of the microbiota in response to and recovery from cancer therapy	17
Using cross-species vaccination approaches to counter emerging infectious diseases	17
The complement cascade repurposed in the brain	17
Cell death by phagocytosis	16
Metabolism as a driver of immunity	16
Considering innate immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19	16
Negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine childhood immunization: experience from Pakistan	16
Mechanistic insights from inflammasome structures	16
COVID-19 and Down syndrome: the spark in the fuel	15
What have we learnt so far from COVID-19?	14
Novel insights into double-stranded RNA-mediated immunopathology	14
The discovery of innate lymphoid cells	14
Lessons from the elimination of poliomyelitis in Africa	14
New immune cell engagers for cancer immunotherapy	13
Publisher Correction: Mucosal vaccines — fortifying the frontiers	13
Intestinal barrier protection	13
The cancer-immune dialogue in the context of stress	13
Cardiometabolic syndrome — an emergent feature of Long COVID?	12
The immunology of type 1 diabetes	12
Author Correction: Will SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern affect the promise of vaccines?	11
GZMK+ T cells a hallmark of immune ageing	11
Strategies for targeting cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease	11
Red blood cells join the ranks as immune sentinels	11
Checkpoint blockade: the end of the beginning	10
Brain regulatory T cells	10
Protect the species with mitohormesis?	10
Anti-cytokine autoantibodies: mechanistic insights and disease associations	10
Reclassification of plasmacytoid dendritic cells as innate lymphocytes is premature	10
Same yet different — how lymph node heterogeneity affects immune responses	10
Harnessing 3D in vitro systems to model immune responses to solid tumours: a step towards improving and creating personalized immunotherapies	9
Super(antigen) target for SARS-CoV-2	9
Immunological factors linked to geographical variation in vaccine responses	9
The regulation and differentiation of regulatory T cells and their dysfunction in autoimmune diseases	9
Immunology’s intolerance of disease tolerance	9
Modified uridines are the key to a successful message	9
Immunity to Cryptosporidium: insights into principles of enteric responses to infection	8
Vitamin D shuts down T cell-mediated inflammation	8
Salt sensitivity includes effects on immune cell signalling and metabolism	8
Swarm immunology: harnessing blockchain technology and artificial intelligence in human immunology	8
Not just neighbours: positive feedback between tumour-associated macrophages and exhausted T cells	7
DAMP sensing and sterile inflammation: intracellular, intercellular and inter-organ pathways	7
Reply to ‘Reclassification of plasmacytoid dendritic cells as innate lymphocytes is premature’	7
Author Correction: A guide to thymic selection of T cells	7
Therapeutic induction of antigen-specific immune tolerance	7
Olfactory immunology: the missing piece in airway and CNS defence	7
The CD58–CD2 axis in cancer immune evasion	7
Vaccine safety in an era of novel vaccines: a proposed research agenda	7
Magnesium: essential for T cells	7
‘Bedside’ observations challenge aspects of the ‘epithelial barrier hypothesis’	7
Made to order: emergency myelopoiesis and demand-adapted innate immune cell production	7
Defining the TH17 cell lineage	7
Revealing T follicular helper cells with BCL6	6
Repeat elements amplify TLR signaling	6
Opportunities and challenges for T cell-based influenza vaccines	6
Tissue macrophages break dogma	6
Sex-specific role for microglial CST7 in Alzheimer’s disease	6
NK cells seize PD1 from leukaemia cells	6
ZBP1 induces immunopathology caused by loss of ADAR1-mediated RNA editing	6
Exhausted T cells never fully recover	6
SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1 — a tale of two vaccines	6
Watching preprints evolve	6
MR1 antigen presentation to MAIT cells and other MR1-restricted T cells	6
Membrane organization by tetraspanins and galectins shapes lymphocyte function	6
Author Correction: The NLR gene family: from discovery to present day	6
Seeing SARS-CoV-2 variants through the eyes of T cells	5