OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The median citation count of Nature Reviews Immunology is 2. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-11-01 to 2025-11-01.)

Article	Citations
Regulation goes awry in the liver	937
Heart failure affects innate immune memory	822
Comparing neurological complications after COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection	676
Author Correction: Strategies for HIV-1 vaccines that induce broadly neutralizing antibodies	673
Early life antibiotics have lasting effects on the lung epithelium	617
BCG plus β-glucan trains neutrophils to beat bladder cancer	613
Vaccines only partially protect against Long COVID	560
Human immune organoids: a tool to study vaccine responses	447
Broadly neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses	413
Natural killer cells that target autoimmune cells linked with protection against multiple sclerosis	391
Decoding the human prenatal immune system with single-cell multi-omics	379
Exercise induces metabolic changes in the gut microbiota that enhance anti-tumour T cell responses	340
Muscle spindle macrophages regulate motor coordination	320
Viral infection and antiviral immunity in the oral cavity	317
The immunology of asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis	307
Regulation of cGAS–STING signalling and its diversity of cellular outcomes	304
Challenges in developing personalized neoantigen cancer vaccines	287
The danger theory of immunity revisited	284
Stressed tumours release immunosuppressive vesicles	273
Omicron alone provides limited cross-protection	271
Gut commensals promote antiviral immunity via extracellular vesicles	269
Targeting malaria transmission	268
The distinctive immune features of long COVID	267
Human T follicular regulatory cells with helper and regulatory lineage origins	266
Fatty liver disease induced by maternal obesity is driven by metabolic rewiring of Kupffer cells	264

Neutrophils are dispensable for Shigella control: macrophages take centre stage	250
Antiviral neutralizing antibodies: from in vitro to in vivo activity	250
Novel insights into the immune response to bacterial T cell superantigens	233
B cells in central nervous system disease: diversity, locations and pathophysiology	232
How bile acids and the microbiota interact to shape host immunity	227
The NLR gene family: from discovery to present day	218
Encouraging vaccine uptake: lessons from behavioural science	211
Mechanistic insights from inflammasome structures	208
A guide to adaptive immune memory	205
Mapping the developmental trajectory and recruitment of memory-phenotype Ly49+CD8+ T cells	202
Blood neutrophil subset predicts the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer	193
Salt sensitivity includes effects on immune cell signalling and metabolism	191
You are what you ate: myeloid cells trained by fatty acids	185
Bile duct tuft cells regulate immune defences	183
Adaptive meets innate: CD8+ T cells kill MHC-I-negative tumour cells	178
T cell–eosinophil collaboration	176
Gut ILC2s remember IL-25	169
Author Correction: SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1 – A Tale of Two Vaccines	165
The kiss a cell can’t forget: tracking cell–cell interactions with uLIPSTIC	163
Online immunology education for a global world	158
The OrganiX microfluidic system to recreate the complex tumour microenvironment	155
Spatial adaptation of eosinophils and their emerging roles in homeostasis, infection and disease	153
Splenic stromal niches in homeostasis and immunity	153
The germinal centre B cell response to SARS-CoV-2	146
The cancer-immune dialogue in the context of stress	146
Cross reactive T cells hold up against Omicron	146
Feeding IgA+ plasma cells	144
Bacteria in tumours promote cancer progression	142
JAKs drive innate-like TH9 cell activation in allergy	140
Negative regulation of fungal immunity by STING	139
Mechanistic insights into Long COVID in hamsters	136
Defective viral genomes can protect against SARS-CoV-2 variants and other respiratory viruses	133
Spatial resolution of host–microbiome interactions	132
Low risk of CAR T cells going rogue	131
An ILC3-intrinsic, CTLA4-dependent intestinal checkpoint	126
Monocytes rule energy metabolism with an iron fist	125
Neutrophils make matrix to fortify barrier immunity	124
The immunopathogenesis of narcolepsy type 1	119
The spatial and temporal activation of macrophages during fibrosis	119
Author Correction: Cancer cell metabolism and antitumour immunity	117
The biology of TREM receptors	115
Olfactory immunology: the missing piece in airway and CNS defence	114
Strategies for HIV-1 vaccines that induce broadly neutralizing antibodies	112
A guide to antigen processing and presentation	111
Microenvironmental regulation of solid tumour resistance to CAR T cell therapy	106
Rejuvenation through checkpoint inhibitors?	104
Monkeypox: disease epidemiology, host immunity and clinical interventions	104
Foetal sex affects maternal and placental immune responses to SARS-CoV-2	101
Author Correction: Immune dysregulation and immunopathology induced by SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses — are we our own worst enemy?	96
Commensal fungi support granulocyte development	95

Guardians of immune privilege	93
Publisher Correction: Immunological studies in trans-individuals undergoing gender affirming hormone therapy	93
mRNA vaccine for treating pancreatic cancer	92
Podoplanin mediates stromal–immune crosstalk in the lymph node	92
Local immune recognition of trophoblast in early human pregnancy: controversies and questions	89
Spatial immunometabolic zonation in tuberculosis granulomas	89
Glomerulonephritis: immunopathogenesis and immunotherapy	85
The regulation and differentiation of regulatory T cells and their dysfunction in autoimmune diseases	84
T cells target viral protein to remove senescent fibroblasts	82
The promise of immunotherapy for central nervous system tumours	81
We need to keep an eye on avian influenza	80
MR1 antigen presentation to MAIT cells and other MR1-restricted T cells	79
DNA damage and repair in age-related inflammation	78
Pollution impairs lung defences with age	78
Bacterial serotonin induces Treg cells in neonates	77
Neutralizing autoantibodies against type 1 interferons identified in West Nile virus encephalitis	76
γδ T cells sense disturbance	73
Boosting cytotoxic T cells for immunotherapy	71
Microbiota licenses protective CD8+ T cell responses against neonatal influenza	70
Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 linked to HLA-B*15:01	66
Insights into immune cell–fibroblast communication in heart disease	66
Early antiviral type I interferon impairs lung metastasis	65
Lung-resident memory B cells class-switch to IgE	65
Integrated organ immunity: a path to a universal vaccine	64
CODEX multiplexed tissue imaging	61
The renaissance of oral tolerance: merging tradition and new insights	60
Hypoxia and IL-24 drive a sterile wound healing pathway	59
Actin branching maintains tissue-resident mast cells	58
Turning on anti-tumour T cells via MTAP	57
Defining myeloid-derived suppressor cells	57
Beyond neutralization: Fc-dependent antibody effector functions in SARS-CoV-2 infection	56
IL-17 and IL-17-producing cells in protection versus pathology	55
First glimpses into the mechanisms of Long COVID	54
Effect of prenatal stress on the developing brain	53
The autoinflammatory disease APLAID is driven by G-CSF	52
A pan-cancer signature for dysfunctional T cells	50
Author Correction: The immunology of long COVID	50
Mitochondria in monocyte-derived cells promote tissue damage in multiple sclerosis	49
When ‘mild’ COVID-19 is not so mild	48
B cell-derived acetylcholine curbs haematopoiesis	47
Bacteria tag tumours for CAR T cell attack	46
Trogocytosis challenges the cellular specificity of lineage markers and monoclonal antibodies	45
PerturbView: scalable image-based perturbation screens in cells and tissues	45
Disturbance of cytoskeleton primes RIG-I-like receptors	45
Boosting glymphatic drainage via adrenergic receptor inhibition protects the injured brain	45
NMDAR-directed CAAR T cells show promise for autoimmune encephalitis	43
Modelling vaccination strategies for COVID-19	41
Immunology of food aversion	41
SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy	40
Understanding COVID-19-associated coagulopathy	40
Targeting ER stress sensor restores immunogenicity of chemotherapy	39
The role of transcription factors in shaping regulatory T cell identity	39
The role of galectins in immunity and infection	39
Role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in allergy and beyond	39
Transposon-derived decoy fine-tunes IFN responses	38
CARD8 kills CD4+ T cells in response to HIV entry	37
Author Correction: The role of platelets in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases	36
Disentangling the relative importance of T cell responses in COVID-19: leading actors or supporting cast?	32
Inclusion of ACKR5 in the systematic nomenclature of atypical chemokine receptors	32
The diversity of CD8+ T cell dysfunction in cancer and viral infection	32
Linking Epstein-Barr virus infection to multiple sclerosis	31
CRISPR screens for functional interrogation of immunity	30
Macrophages bordering the brain parenchyma regulate the flow of cerebrospinal fluid	30
Meningeal MAIT cells preserve brain homeostasis	29
Regulation of innate-like activities of neonatal CD8+ T cells	28
Human ILC2s can act as cytolytic killers	28
Macrophage quality control of HSCs	28
Comparing paediatric COVID-19 with MIS-C	28
Unconventional T cells shape tissue-specific lymph node responses	27
Obesity-associated autoreactivity	27
Publisher Correction: Inflammasome components as new therapeutic targets in inflammatory disease	26
Focusing on the correct gene signatures for SLE	26
Fetal Treg cell reprogramming links maternal immunity to neurodevelopment	26
Osteoblast-derived ATP maintains bone marrow plasma cells	25
Signal length not strength guides T cell fate	24
STAT5A antagonizes TOX in CD8+ T cell exhaustion	24
Engaging innate immunity in HIV-1 cure strategies	24
Roles of natural killer cells in immunity to cancer, and applications to immunotherapy	23
The impact of pre-existing cross-reactive immunity on SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine responses	23
A skull bone marrow niche for antitumour neutrophils in glioblastoma	23

Cardiometabolic syndrome — an emergent feature of Long COVID?	23
RORγt+ antigen-presenting cells mediate food tolerance	22
DDX17 identified as inflammasome sensor for retrotransposon RNA	21
Squeeze to arm	21
Rethinking pDCs: a questionable ally in immunity?	21
‘Bedside’ observations challenge aspects of the ‘epithelial barrier hypothesis’	20
Membrane organization by tetraspanins and galectins shapes lymphocyte function	20
Clock genes keep intestinal ILC3s ticking	19
BRD4 acts as a pH sensor to tune inflammation	19
Obesity amplifies TH17-type pathology in atopic diseases	18
Live vaccine development through targeted protein degradation	18
Sleep deprivation whips up cytokine storm	17
Insulin neoantigen elicits memory T cell activation in diabetes	17
ILC2–neuron cross-talk regulates pain sensitivity and gait	16
Fired up in the bone marrow	15
Redefining our vision: an updated guide to the ocular immune system	15
Allergen immunotherapy: past, present and future	15
Fever affects T cell fate	15
Opportunities and challenges for T cell-based influenza vaccines	15
Brief blockade of type I IFN increases CD8+ T cell memory	14
Resident tissue macrophages maintain intraocular pressure by regulating extracellular matrix homeostasis	14
Author Correction: The effect of physical exercise on anticancer immunity	13
Engineered γδ T cells show promise in bone tumours	13
Cytokines target distinct brain areas to modulate behavioural responses	13
Aspirin helps T cells to stop cancer spread	13
The impact of Plasmodium-driven immunoregulatory networks on immunity to malaria	13
Neutrophils release inflammation-resolving vesicles	13
Cerebral dysfunctions caused by sepsis during ageing	12
Immune control of brain physiology	11
Lessons from Long COVID: working with patients to design better research	11
Bone marrow inflammation in haematological malignancies	11
Clonal haematopoiesis and dysregulation of the immune system	11
Defining the balance between optimal immunity and immunopathology in influenza virus infection	11
Omicron entry route	11
The role of chromatin loop extrusion in antibody diversification	10
Bacteria form unique biofilms to kill immune cells	10
Proteotoxic shock is a mechanistic driver of T cell exhaustion	10
Autoimmune T cells identified in ALS	10
From TCR fundamental research to innovative chimeric antigen receptor design	9
Organoids identify a role for IL-7 in coeliac disease	9
Negative regulation of AHR essential for intestinal homeostasis	9
Daughters forget, mothers remember	9
Tick-targeted mRNA vaccine to tackle disease transmission?	9
A role for microglia in mediating the microbiota–gut–brain axis	9
Pain-sensing neurons calm the gut	9
Universal LIPSTIC: a new tool for decoding cellular interactions	8
Magnesium: essential for T cells	8
T cell exhaustion: early or late in tumour progression?	8
A nuclear STING in the tail for canonical signalling	8
Trogocytosis of CARs depends on transmembrane domains	8
Beyond exhaustion: the unique characteristics of CD8+ T cell dysfunction in chronic HBV infection	8
Dexamethasone restrains neutrophils in severe COVID-19	7
Therapeutic induction of antigen-specific immune tolerance	7
Clearing the hurdles for CAR-T cell treatment	7
Orally delivered lactate-producing bacteria limit CNS autoimmunity	7
Assessing the generation of tissue resident memory T cells by vaccines	7
Time of day determines cancer immunotherapy response	7
Immunological factors linked to geographical variation in vaccine responses	7
Immune ageing at single-cell resolution	7
Clonal haematopoiesis-associated, age-related motor deficits caused by monocyte-derived microglia	6
How to respond when biomedical science and global health is under existential threat	6
Macrophage commonalities across tissues and inflammation	6
Omicron, the great escape artist	6
Low serotonin linked to long COVID	6
HDAC9 association with heart disease linked to NLRP3 inflammasome activation	6
Antitumour roles for antihistamines	6
Understanding vertebrate immunity through comparative immunology	6
How neuroinflammation weakens muscles	6
Connection and communication between the nervous and immune systems	6
Understanding NK cell heterogeneity	6
The immunology of type 1 diabetes	5
Insights from a 30-year journey: function, regulation and therapeutic modulation of PD1	5
Brief diet changes affect immunity	5
TGFβ control of immune responses in cancer: a holistic immuno-oncology perspective	5
Myeloid cell-targeted therapies for solid tumours	5
Rejuvenating an old immune system	5
Tuning immunity through tissue mechanotransduction	5
Fasting affects monocyte lifespan and migration	5
An inter-organ neuro–immuno–endocrine circuit for glucose homeostasis	4
T-regulating opioid withdrawal	4
Lymphatic expression of TBX1 helps to heal the heart	4
Have a cake and eat it too: the importance of metaphors in research communication	4
Cooperation of ILC2s and TH2 cells in the expulsion of intestinal helminth parasites	4
Tumour cells mimic erythroblasts to hijack iron from bone marrow macrophages	4
Inflammation and immune dysfunction in Parkinson disease	4
Immune-related actinopathies at the cross-road of immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and autoinflammation	4
Lung-migrating helminths can enhance immunity to SARS-CoV-2	4
Iron and the immune system	4
SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals: measurement, causes and impact	4
Black In Immuno: harnessing social media and digital platforms to connect the dots	4
IL-17A–HIF1α axis in epithelial wound repair	4
Author Correction: Using BCG vaccination to protect against COVID-19: when reality fails to meet expectation	4
Can we improve immune health by restoring microbial biodiversity?	4
Considering innate immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19	4
Tracking the infant immune response to SARS-CoV-2	4