BMC Medical Ethics

Article	Citations
Privacy and artificial intelligence: challenges for protecting health information in a new era	246
Artificial intelligence for good health: a scoping review of the ethics literature	164
Moral distress and ethical climate in intensive care medicine during COVID-19: a nationwide study	95
Embedded ethics: a proposal for integrating ethics into the development of medical AI	63
Digital tools in the informed consent process: a systematic review	62
Ethics education to support ethical competence learning in healthcare: an integrative systematic review	54
Ethics review of big data research: What should stay and what should be reformed?	42
Patients’ and professionals’ views related to ethical issues in precision medicine: a mixed research synthesis	38
A scoping review of the literature featuring research ethics and research integrity cases	33
Preprints in times of COVID19: the time is ripe for agreeing on terminology and good practices	32
The social licence for data-intensive health research: towards co-creation, public value and trust	30
Ethical decision-making climate, moral distress, and intention to leave among ICU professionals in a tertiary academic hospital center	28
Asking the right questions: towards a person-centered conception of shared decision-making regarding treatment of advanced chronic kidney disease in older patients	27
Trust and digital privacy in healthcare: a cross-sectional descriptive study of trust and attitudes towards uses of electronic health data among the general public in Sweden	27
Ethics framework for citizen science and public and patient participation in research	26
Do solidarity and reciprocity obligations compel African researchers to feedback individual genetic results in genomics research?	26
Secondary research use of personal medical data: patient attitudes towards data donation	25
South African traditional values and beliefs regarding informed consent and limitations of the principle of respect for autonomy in African communities: a cross-cultural qualitative study	23
Ethical factors determining ECMO allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic	23
The concept of vulnerability in aged care: a systematic review of argument-based ethics literature	23
Ownership of individual-level health data, data sharing, and data governance	22
Attitudes towards organ donation in Syria: a cross-sectional study	22
Sharing whilst caring: solidarity and public trust in a data-driven healthcare system	21
“Who is watching the watchdog?”: ethical perspectives of sharing health-related data for precision medicine in Singapore	21
The ethics of machine learning-based clinical decision support: an analysis through the lens of professionalisation theory	21

Prioritising ‘already-scarce’ intensive care unit resources in the midst of COVID-19: a call for regional triage committees in South Africa	20
Defining ethical challenge(s) in healthcare research: a rapid review	19
Personalized and long-term electronic informed consent in clinical research: stakeholder views	19
Among equity and dignity: an argument-based review of European ethical guidelines under COVID-19	18
Citizens' views on sharing their health data: the role of competence, reliability and pursuing the common good	18
“Many roads lead to Rome and the Artificial Intelligence only shows me one road”: an interview study on physician attitudes regarding the implementation of computerised clinical decision support syste	18
Moral neutralization: Nurses’ evolution in unethical climate workplaces	18
Cultural sensitivity in brain death determination: a necessity in end-of-life decisions in Japan	18
Health professionals' knowledge and attitude towards patient confidentiality and associated factors in a resource-limited setting: a cross-sectional study	17
The use of personal health information outside the circle of care: consent preferences of patients from an academic health care institution	17
Why have Advance Directives failed in Spain?	17
Patient privacy and autonomy: a comparative analysis of cases of ethical dilemmas in China and the United States	17
Health care ethics programs in U.S. Hospitals: results from a National Survey	17
Stakeholder perspectives on the ethico-legal dimensions of biobanking in South Africa	16
A scoping review of the perceptions of death in the context of organ donation and transplantation	16
Equitable data sharing in epidemics and pandemics	16
The full spectrum of ethical issues in dementia research: findings of a systematic qualitative review	16
Clinical ethics consultations: a scoping review of reported outcomes	16
Neonatologists’ decision-making for resuscitation and non-resuscitation of extremely preterm infants: ethical principles, challenges, and strategies—a qualitative study	15
Sharing genomic data from clinical testing with researchers: public survey of expectations of clinical genomic data management in Queensland, Australia	15
The theorisation of ‘best interests’ in bioethical accounts of decision-making	15
Mapping ethical issues in the use of smart home health technologies to care for older persons: a systematic review	15
The role of community advisory boards in community-based HIV clinical trials: a qualitative study from Tanzania	15
“I don’t think people are ready to trust these algorithms at face value”: trust and the use of machine learning algorithms in the diagnosis of rare disease	15
Challenges and proposed solutions in making clinical research on COVID-19 ethical: a status quo analysis across German research ethics committees	15
The path toward ectogenesis: looking beyond the technical challenges	15
Experts’ moral views on gene drive technologies: a qualitative interview study	15
Electronic informed consent criteria for research ethics review: a scoping review	15
Indicators and criteria of consciousness: ethical implications for the care of behaviourally unresponsive patients	14
Should Artificial Intelligence be used to support clinical ethical decision-making? A systematic review of reasons	14
Trends in Swedish physicians’ attitudes towards physician-assisted suicide: a cross-sectional study	14
Taking stock of the availability and functions of National Ethics Committees worldwide	14
Stakeholders' perspectives on research integrity training practices: a qualitative study	14
Should biomedical research with great apes be restricted? A systematic review of reasons	14
Achieving inclusive research priority-setting: what do people with lived experience and the public think is essential?	14
Polygenic risk scoring of human embryos: a qualitative study of media coverage	14
Future healthcare providers and professionalism on social media: a cross-sectional study	14
Views of university students in Jordan towards Biobanking	13
A qualitative interview study of Australian physicians on defensive practice and low value care: “it’s easier to talk about our fear of lawyers than to talk about our fear of looking bad in front of e	13
Organ donation after euthanasia starting at home in a patient with multiple system atrophy	13
Study protocol: the Australian genetics and life insurance moratorium—monitoring the effectiveness and response (A-GLIMMER) project	13
Using practical wisdom to facilitate ethical decision-making: a major empirical study of phronesis in the decision narratives of doctors	13
Clinical Ethics Committees in Africa: lost in the shadow of RECs/IRBs?	13
(Re)Conceptualising ‘good’ proxy decision-making for research: the implications for proxy consent decision quality	13
Enhancing patient safety by integrating ethical dimensions to Critical Incident Reporting Systems	12
A scoping review of genetics and genomics research ethics policies and guidelines for Africa	12
Key ethical issues encountered during COVID-19 research: a thematic analysis of perspectives from South African research ethics committees	12
The association between perceived hospital ethical climate and self-evaluated care quality for COVID-19 patients: the mediating role of ethical sensitivity among Chinese anti-pandemic nurses	12
Decision-making approaches for children with life-limiting conditions: results from a qualitative phenomenological study	12
What does engagement mean to participants in longitudinal cohort studies? A qualitative study	12

Knowledge, attitudes, ethical and social perspectives towards fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) among Jordanian healthcare providers	12
Governance frameworks for COVID-19 research ethics review and oversight in Latin America: an exploratory study	12
Communication patterns in the doctor–patient relationship: evaluating determinants associated with low paternalism in Mexico	12
Adding dynamic consent to a longitudinal cohort study: A qualitative study of EXCEED participant perspectives	11
“I haven’t had to bare my soul but now I kind of have to”: describing how voluntary assisted dying conscientious objectors anticipated approaching conversations with patients in Victoria, Australia	11
A scoping review of considerations and practices for benefit sharing in biobanking	11
Meta-consent for the secondary use of health data within a learning health system: a qualitative study of the public’s perspective	11
The impact on patients of objections by institutions to assisted dying: a qualitative study of family caregivers’ perceptions	11
Why should HCWs receive priority access to vaccines in a pandemic?	11
Ethical values and principles to guide the fair allocation of resources in response to a pandemic: a rapid systematic review	11
Patient consent preferences on sharing personal health information during the COVID-19 pandemic: “the more informed we are, the more likely we are to help”	11
Participatory development of CURA, a clinical ethics support instrument for palliative care	11
Health data research on sudden cardiac arrest: perspectives of survivors and their next-of-kin	10
Caregiver reactions to neuroimaging evidence of covert consciousness in patients with severe brain injury: a qualitative interview study	10
Being torn by inevitable moral dilemma: experiences of ICU nurses	10
Data-driven research and healthcare: public trust, data governance and the NHS	10
Ethical challenges experienced by prehospital emergency personnel: a practice-based model of analysis	10
Current state of ethical challenges reported in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review & bibliometric analysis from 2010 to 2021	10
Patient-centred care and patient autonomy: doctors’ views in Chinese hospitals	10
The Swedish translation and cultural adaptation of the Measure of Moral Distress for Healthcare Professionals (MMD-HP)	10
Biomedical engineering and ethics: reflections on medical devices and PPE during the first wave of COVID-19	10
Solitary death and new lifestyles during and after COVID-19: wearable devices and public health ethics	10
Ethical challenges of caring for burn patients: a qualitative study	10
Developing new ways to listen: the value of narrative approaches in empirical (bio)ethics	10
Trustworthy artificial intelligence and ethical design: public perceptions of trustworthiness of an AI-based decision-support tool in the context of intrapartum care	10
The ethics of explantation	10
Assessing research misconduct in Iran: a perspective from Iranian medical faculty members	9
Who’s afraid of genetic tests?: An assessment of Singapore’s public attitudes and changes in attitudes after taking a genetic test	9
What ethical approaches are used by scientists when sharing health data? An interview study	9
US medical and surgical society position statements on physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia: a review	9
Do-not-attempt-resuscitation orders: attitudes, perceptions and practices of Swedish physicians and nurses	9
Factors influencing practitioners’ who do not participate in ethically complex, legally available care: scoping review	9
It is not a big deal: a qualitative study of clinical biobank donation experience and motives	9
The COVID-19 pandemic and organ donation and transplantation: ethical issues	9
Attitudes about withholding or withdrawing life-prolonging treatment, euthanasia, assisted suicide, and physician assisted suicide: a cross-sectional survey among the general public in Croatia	9
Identifying disincentives to ethics consultation requests among physicians, advance practice providers, and nurses: a quality improvement all staff survey at a tertiary academic medical center	9
Travelling to die: views, attitudes and end-of-life preferences of Israelis considering receiving aid-in-dying in Switzerland	9
Informed or misinformed consent and use of modified texture diets in dysphagia	9
Nurses’ ethical decision-making during end of life care in South Korea: a cross-sectional descriptive survey	9
Women’s viewpoints on egg freezing in Austria: an online Q-methodology study	9
Intensive and pharmacological care in times of COVID-19: A “special ethics” for emergency?	9
An ethical analysis of clinical triage protocols and decision-making frameworks: what do the principles of justice, freedom, and a disability rights approach demand of us?	9
Data privacy protection in scientific publications: process implementation at a pharmaceutical company	8
Health care providers’ ethical perspectives on waiver of final consent for Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD): a qualitative study	8
Perspectives and ethical considerations for return of genetics and genomics research results: a qualitative study of genomics researchers in Uganda	8
Ethical concerns in suicide research: thematic analysis of the views of human research ethics committees in Australia	8
Cross-sectional survey of surrogate decision-making in Japanese medical practice	8
Needs to address clinicians’ moral distress in treating unvaccinated COVID-19 patients	8
Gurus and Griots: Revisiting the research informed consent process in rural African contexts	8
Operationalization of assent for research participation in pre-adolescent children: a scoping review	8
To disclose, or not to disclose? Perspectives of clinical genomics professionals toward returning incidental findings from genomic research	8
Advance research directives: avoiding double standards	8
Perceptions of important outcomes of moral case deliberations: a qualitative study among healthcare professionals in childhood cancer care	8
Ethical considerations for involving adolescents in biomedical HIV prevention research	8
Lay persons’ perception of the requirements for research in emergency obstetric and newborn care	8
Perceptions of and barriers to ethical promotion of pharmaceuticals in Pakistan: perspectives of medical representatives and doctors	8
Recognising values and engaging communities across cultures: towards developing a cultural protocol for researchers	8
Better governance starts with better words: why responsible human tissue research demands a change of language	8
What does coercion in intensive care mean for patients and their relatives? A thematic qualitative study	8
Scarcity of resources and inequity in access are frequently reported ethical issues for physiotherapists internationally: an observational study	8
Documentation of ethically relevant information in out-of-hospital resuscitation is rare: a Danish nationwide observational study of 16,495 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests	8
The anatomy of electronic patient record ethics: a framework to guide design, development, implementation, and use	7
A chronological discourse analysis of ancillary care provision in guidance documents for research conduct in the global south	7
Managing the moral expansion of medicine	7
How should communities be meaningfully engaged (if at all) when setting priorities for biomedical research? Perspectives from the biomedical research community	7
Facing new challenges to informed consent processes in the context of translational research: the case in CARPEM consortium	7
Ethics of HIV cure research: an unfinished agenda	7
Precision medicine and the principle of equal treatment: a conjoint analysis	7
Cultures and cures: neurodiversity and brain organoids	7
Current wishes to die; characteristics of middle-aged and older Dutch adults who are ready to give up on life: a cross-sectional study	7
The ethical implications of verbal autopsy: responding to emotional and moral distress	7
Biases in bioethics: a narrative review	7
How to deal with moral challenges around the decision-making competence in transgender adolescent care? Development of an ethics support tool	7
Physicians’ legal knowledge of informed consent and confidentiality. A cross-sectional study	6
Practice variation in the informed consent procedure for thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke: a survey among neurologists and neurology residents	6
Forensic mental health professionals’ perceptions of their dual loyalty conflict: findings from a qualitative study	6
To donate or not to donate? Future healthcare professionals’ opinions on biobanking of human biological material for research purposes	6
Trust and professionalism in science: medical codes as a model for scientific negligence?	6
What does it take to consent to islet cell xenotransplantation?: Insights from an interview study with type 1 diabetes patients and review of the literature	6
The effect and comparison of training in ethical decision-making through lectures and group discussions on moral reasoning, moral distress and moral sensitivity in nurses: a clinical randomized contro	6

Ethical and regulatory implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for the medical devices industry and its representatives	6
Who should be tested in a pandemic? Ethical considerations	6
Principles for pandemics: COVID-19 and professional ethical guidance in England and Wales	6
Genetic/genomic testing: defining the parameters for ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI)	6
Which features of patients are morally relevant in ventilator triage? A survey of the UK public	6
A situation analysis of competences of research ethics committee members regarding review of research protocols with complex and emerging study designs in Uganda	6
Health workers’ perspectives on informed consent for caesarean section in Southern Malawi	6
Dialysis decisions concerning cognitively impaired adults: a scoping literature review	6
Shifting to a model of donor conception that entails a communication agreement among the parents, donor, and offspring	6
Assent, parental consent and reconsent for health research in Africa: thematic analysis of national guidelines and lessons from the SickleInAfrica registry	6
Qualitative inquiry into adolescents’ experience of ethical challenges during enrollment and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Temeke Regional Referral Hospital, Tanzania	6
Biobanks in the low- and middle-income countries of the Arab Middle East region: challenges, ethical issues, and governance arrangements—a qualitative study involving biobank managers	6
The ethics of practicing defensive medicine in Jordan: a diagnostic study	6
Ethical considerations for research involving pregnant women living with HIV and their young children: a systematic review of the empiric literature and discussion	6
Attitudes on euthanasia among medical students and doctors in Sri Lanka: a cross sectional study	6
Patients’ preference approach to overcome the moral implications of family-centred decisions in Saudi medical settings	6
Normative framework of informed consent in clinical research in Germany, Poland, and Russia	6
Perceptions, attitudes, and willingness of the public in low- and middle-income countries of the Arab region to participate in biobank research	6
Something must happen before first breath	6
Public attitudes towards sharing loyalty card data for academic health research: a qualitative study	6
Ethics framework for treatment use of investigational drugs	6
Adherence with reporting of ethical standards in COVID-19 human studies: a rapid review	6
Ambivalence toward euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide has decreased among physicians in Finland	6
What if some patients are more “important” than others? A possible framework for Covid-19 and other emergency care situations	5
Integrating ethics in AI development: a qualitative study	5
Sharing decisions amid uncertainties: a qualitative interview study of healthcare professionals’ ethical challenges and norms regarding decision-making in gender-affirming medical care	5
Clinical ethical practice and associated factors in healthcare facilities in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study	5
Capacity of community advisory boards for effective engagement in clinical research: a mixed methods study	5
Patient satisfaction with surgical informed consent at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia	5
Navigating abortion law dilemmas: experiences and attitudes among Ethiopian health care professionals	5
Ethical challenges faced by French military doctors deployed in the Sahel (Operation Barkhane): a qualitative study	5
Chinese physicians’ perceptions of palliative care integration for advanced cancer patients: a qualitative analysis at a tertiary hospital in Changsha, China	5
Managing community engagement in research in Uganda: insights from practices in HIV/AIDS research	5
From a voluntary vaccination policy to mandatory vaccination against COVID-19 in cancer patients: an empirical and interdisciplinary study in bioethics	5
Development and validation of an instrument to measure physician awareness of bioethics and medical law in Oman	5
Differences between doctors of medicine and dental medicine in the perception of professionalism on social networking sites: the development of the e-professionalism assessment compatibility index (eP	5
Québec health care professionals’ perspectives on organ donation after medical assistance in dying	5
Pursuing impact in research: towards an ethical approach	5
Research based on existing clinical data and biospecimens: a systematic study of patients’ opinions	5
Is there a need for a clear advice? A retrospective comparative analysis of ethics consultations with and without recommendations in a maximum-care university hospital	5
Perspectives on returning individual and aggregate genomic research results to study participants and communities in Kenya: a qualitative study	5
Researching the future: scenarios to explore the future of human genome editing	5
Reframing cancer: challenging the discourse on cancer and cancer drugs—a Norwegian perspective	5
HIV prevention research and COVID-19: putting ethics guidance to the test	5
Assessment of the appropriateness of the i-CONSENT guidelines recommendations for improving understanding of the informed consent process in clinical studies	5
Health data privacy through homomorphic encryption and distributed ledger computing: an ethical-legal qualitative expert assessment study	5
Artificial intelligence and medical research databases: ethical review by data access committees	5
Attitudes of Polish physicians, nurses and pharmacists towards the ethical and legal aspects of the conscience clause	5
Knowledge and attitudes about end-of-life decisions, good death and principles of medical ethics among doctors in tertiary care hospitals in Sri Lanka: a cross-sectional study	5
‘I feel that injustice is being done to me’: a qualitative study of women’s viewpoints on the (lack of) reimbursement for social egg freezing	5
Participant recall and understandings of information on biobanking and future genomic research: experiences from a multi-disease community-based health screening and biobank platform in rural South Af	5
Public attitudes towards genomic data sharing: results from a provincial online survey in Canada	5
Developing the CARE intervention to enhance ethical self-efficacy in dementia care through the use of literary texts	4
Consent in organ transplantation: putting legal obligations and guidelines into practice	4
Barriers in implementing the dying patient law: the Israeli experience - a qualitative study	4
Reporting violations of European Charter of Patients’ Rights: analysis of patient complaints in Croatia	4
Gender differences in response to medical red packets (Hongbao, monetary gifts): a questionnaire study on young doctors in China	4
Ethical and practical considerations for HIV cure-related research at the end-of-life: a qualitative interview and focus group study in the United States	4
Improving pharmacy practice in relation to complementary medicines: a qualitative study evaluating the acceptability and feasibility of a new ethical framework in Australia	4
Ethical issues with geographical variations in the provision of health care services	4
Attitudes toward withholding antibiotics from people with dementia lacking decisional capacity: findings from a survey of Canadian stakeholders	4
Collective forward-looking responsibility of patient advocacy organizations: conceptual and ethical analysis	4
Motivation to participate and experiences of the informed consent process for randomized clinical trials in emergency obstetric care in Uganda	4
Under consent: participation of people with HIV in an Ebola vaccine trial in Canada	4
Ethical concerns when recruiting children with cancer for research: Swedish healthcare professionals’ perceptions and experiences	4
A qualitative study of experiences of institutional objection to medical assistance in dying in Canada: ongoing challenges and catalysts for change	4
Association between knowledge and attitudes towards advance directives in emergency services	4
Ethical and procedural issues for applying researcher-driven multi-national paediatric clinical trials in and outside the European Union: the challenging experience of the DEEP project	4
Clinical ethics case consultation in a university department of cardiology and intensive care: a descriptive evaluation of consultation protocols	4
Ethical use of artificial intelligence to prevent sudden cardiac death: an interview study of patient perspectives	4
Do biomedical researchers differ in their perceptions of plagiarism across Europe? Findings from an online survey among leading universities	4
Exploring defensive medicine: examples, underlying and contextual factors, and potential strategies - a qualitative study	4
Ethical preparedness in health research and care: the role of behavioural approaches	4
Informed consent in psychotherapy: a survey on attitudes among psychotherapists in Switzerland	4
Citizen attitudes to non-treatment decision making: a Norwegian survey	4
Patient perspectives on advance euthanasia directives in Huntington’s disease. A qualitative interview study	4
Research ethics and artificial intelligence for global health: perspectives from the global forum on bioethics in research	4
Perceptions on using surplus embryos for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease among the Swedish population: a qualitative study	4
Drivers and constraints to environmental sustainability in UK-based biobanking: balancing resource efficiency and future value	4
Consent to organ offers from public health service “Increased Risk” donors decreases time to transplant and waitlist mortality	4
Experiences and attitudes of medical professionals on treatment of end-of-life patients in intensive care units in the Republic of Croatia: a cross-sectional study	4
Development of a core outcome set for informed consent for therapy: An international key stakeholder consensus study	4
Patients’ views on using human embryonic stem cells to treat Parkinson’s disease: an interview study	4
An e-consent framework for tiered informed consent for human genomic research in the global south, implemented as a REDCap template	4
Where the public health principles meet the individual: a framework for the ethics of compulsory outpatient treatment in psychiatry	4
COVID-19 underscores the important role of Clinical Ethics Committees in Africa	4
Is there a civic duty to support medical AI development by sharing electronic health records?	4
Development and validation of an instrument to measure pediatric nurses' adherence to ethical codes	4
Does teaching medical ethics ensure good knowledge, attitude, and reported practice? An ethical vignette-based cross-sectional survey among doctors in a tertiary teaching hospital in Nepal	4
Decision-making ethics in regards to life-sustaining interventions: when physicians refer to what other patients decide	4
Goods, causes and intentions: problems with applying the doctrine of double effect to palliative sedation	4
Moral values of Dutch physicians in relation to requests for euthanasia: a qualitative study	4
Frankenstein; or, the modern Prometheus: a classic novel to stimulate the analysis of complex contemporary issues in biomedical sciences	4
Undisclosed probing into decision-making capacity: a dilemma in secondary care	4
Ethical issues in oncology practice: a qualitative study of stakeholders’ experiences and expectations	4