BMC Medical Ethics

Article	Citations
Privacy and artificial intelligence: challenges for protecting health information in a new era	191
Artificial intelligence for good health: a scoping review of the ethics literature	138
Moral distress and ethical climate in intensive care medicine during COVID-19: a nationwide study	89
Embedded ethics: a proposal for integrating ethics into the development of medical AI	57
Digital tools in the informed consent process: a systematic review	52
Ethics education to support ethical competence learning in healthcare: an integrative systematic review	45
Ethics review of big data research: What should stay and what should be reformed?	42
Preprints in times of COVID19: the time is ripe for agreeing on terminology and good practices	32
Patients’ and professionals’ views related to ethical issues in precision medicine: a mixed research synthesis	32
Ethics parallel research: an approach for (early) ethical guidance of biomedical innovation	31
The patient and clinician experience of informed consent for surgery: a systematic review of the qualitative evidence	31
A scoping review of the literature featuring research ethics and research integrity cases	29
Structural coercion in the context of community engagement in global health research conducted in a low resource setting in Africa	28
The social licence for data-intensive health research: towards co-creation, public value and trust	28
Forgoing life-sustaining treatment – a comparative analysis of regulations in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and England	27
Ethical decision-making climate, moral distress, and intention to leave among ICU professionals in a tertiary academic hospital center	26
Do solidarity and reciprocity obligations compel African researchers to feedback individual genetic results in genomics research?	26
Public trust and global biobank networks	26
Trust and digital privacy in healthcare: a cross-sectional descriptive study of trust and attitudes towards uses of electronic health data among the general public in Sweden	25
Researchers’ views on, and experiences with, the requirement to obtain informed consent in research involving human participants: a qualitative study	24
In Defence of informed consent for health record research - why arguments from ‘easy rescue’, ‘no harm’ and ‘consent bias’ fail	23
Patient distrust in pharmaceutical companies: an explanation for women under-representation in respiratory clinical trials?	23
Asking the right questions: towards a person-centered conception of shared decision-making regarding treatment of advanced chronic kidney disease in older patients	22
The concept of vulnerability in aged care: a systematic review of argument-based ethics literature	22
Secondary research use of personal medical data: patient attitudes towards data donation	22

Ethical factors determining ECMO allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic	22
Sharing whilst caring: solidarity and public trust in a data-driven healthcare system	21
South African traditional values and beliefs regarding informed consent and limitations of the principle of respect for autonomy in African communities: a cross-cultural qualitative study	21
Ethics framework for citizen science and public and patient participation in research	21
Attitudes towards organ donation in Syria: a cross-sectional study	21
Prioritising ‘already-scarce’ intensive care unit resources in the midst of COVID-19: a call for regional triage committees in South Africa	20
Redundant trials can be prevented, if the EU clinical trial regulation is applied duly	20
The ethics of machine learning-based clinical decision support: an analysis through the lens of professionalisation theory	19
“Who is watching the watchdog?”: ethical perspectives of sharing health-related data for precision medicine in Singapore	18
Personalized and long-term electronic informed consent in clinical research: stakeholder views	18
Cultural sensitivity in brain death determination: a necessity in end-of-life decisions in Japan	18
Medical ethics: knowledge, attitude and practice among doctors in three teaching hospitals in Sri Lanka	18
Ownership of individual-level health data, data sharing, and data governance	18
Among equity and dignity: an argument-based review of European ethical guidelines under COVID-19	17
“Many roads lead to Rome and the Artificial Intelligence only shows me one road”: an interview study on physician attitudes regarding the implementation of computerised clinical decision support syste	17
Citizens' views on sharing their health data: the role of competence, reliability and pursuing the common good	17
Why have Advance Directives failed in Spain?	16
A principled ethical approach to intersex paediatric surgeries	16
Examination and diagnosis of electronic patient records and their associated ethics: a scoping literature review	16
Human germline editing in the era of CRISPR-Cas: risk and uncertainty, inter-generational responsibility, therapeutic legitimacy	16
Defining ethical challenge(s) in healthcare research: a rapid review	16
Theory and practice of integrative clinical ethics support: a joint experience within gender affirmative care	16
A scoping review of the perceptions of death in the context of organ donation and transplantation	15
Stakeholder perspectives on the ethico-legal dimensions of biobanking in South Africa	15
The use of personal health information outside the circle of care: consent preferences of patients from an academic health care institution	15
Health care ethics programs in U.S. Hospitals: results from a National Survey	15
Moral competence, moral teamwork and moral action - the European Moral Case Deliberation Outcomes (Euro-MCD) Instrument 2.0 and its revision process	15
Experts’ moral views on gene drive technologies: a qualitative interview study	15
Moral neutralization: Nurses’ evolution in unethical climate workplaces	15
The path toward ectogenesis: looking beyond the technical challenges	15
The obstacles to organ donation following brain death in Iran: a qualitative study	15
Patient privacy and autonomy: a comparative analysis of cases of ethical dilemmas in China and the United States	15
Challenges and proposed solutions in making clinical research on COVID-19 ethical: a status quo analysis across German research ethics committees	14
The full spectrum of ethical issues in dementia research: findings of a systematic qualitative review	14
Sharing genomic data from clinical testing with researchers: public survey of expectations of clinical genomic data management in Queensland, Australia	14
The theorisation of ‘best interests’ in bioethical accounts of decision-making	14
Indicators and criteria of consciousness: ethical implications for the care of behaviourally unresponsive patients	14
“I don’t think people are ready to trust these algorithms at face value”: trust and the use of machine learning algorithms in the diagnosis of rare disease	14
Neonatologists’ decision-making for resuscitation and non-resuscitation of extremely preterm infants: ethical principles, challenges, and strategies—a qualitative study	14
Views of university students in Jordan towards Biobanking	14
Organ donation after euthanasia starting at home in a patient with multiple system atrophy	13
Stakeholders' perspectives on research integrity training practices: a qualitative study	13
Future healthcare providers and professionalism on social media: a cross-sectional study	13
Using practical wisdom to facilitate ethical decision-making: a major empirical study of phronesis in the decision narratives of doctors	13
Polygenic risk scoring of human embryos: a qualitative study of media coverage	13
A qualitative study of big data and the opioid epidemic: recommendations for data governance	13
Should biomedical research with great apes be restricted? A systematic review of reasons	13
Mapping ethical issues in the use of smart home health technologies to care for older persons: a systematic review	13
Health professionals' knowledge and attitude towards patient confidentiality and associated factors in a resource-limited setting: a cross-sectional study	13
Equitable data sharing in epidemics and pandemics	13

Study protocol: the Australian genetics and life insurance moratorium—monitoring the effectiveness and response (A-GLIMMER) project	13
Public awareness of and attitudes towards research biobanks in Latvia	13
Achieving inclusive research priority-setting: what do people with lived experience and the public think is essential?	12
The association between perceived hospital ethical climate and self-evaluated care quality for COVID-19 patients: the mediating role of ethical sensitivity among Chinese anti-pandemic nurses	12
Governance frameworks for COVID-19 research ethics review and oversight in Latin America: an exploratory study	12
Taking stock of the availability and functions of National Ethics Committees worldwide	12
Clinical Ethics Committees in Africa: lost in the shadow of RECs/IRBs?	12
Evaluating assessment tools of the quality of clinical ethics consultations: a systematic scoping review from 1992 to 2019	12
The role of community advisory boards in community-based HIV clinical trials: a qualitative study from Tanzania	12
Trends in Swedish physicians’ attitudes towards physician-assisted suicide: a cross-sectional study	12
(Re)Conceptualising ‘good’ proxy decision-making for research: the implications for proxy consent decision quality	11
Decision-making approaches for children with life-limiting conditions: results from a qualitative phenomenological study	11
Changing medical education scenario: a wakeup call for reforms in Anatomy Act	11
Participatory development of CURA, a clinical ethics support instrument for palliative care	11
Motives of contributing personal data for health research: (non-)participation in a Dutch biobank	11
Patient consent preferences on sharing personal health information during the COVID-19 pandemic: “the more informed we are, the more likely we are to help”	11
Family discussions and demographic factors influence adolescent’s knowledge and attitude towards organ donation after brain death: a questionnaire study	11
Bioethics and the use of social media for medical crowdfunding	11
Should Artificial Intelligence be used to support clinical ethical decision-making? A systematic review of reasons	11
A scoping review of genetics and genomics research ethics policies and guidelines for Africa	11
South Africa’s new standard material transfer agreement: proposals for improvement and pointers for implementation	11
Solitary death and new lifestyles during and after COVID-19: wearable devices and public health ethics	10
The impact on patients of objections by institutions to assisted dying: a qualitative study of family caregivers’ perceptions	10
Being torn by inevitable moral dilemma: experiences of ICU nurses	10
A scoping review of considerations and practices for benefit sharing in biobanking	10
Why should HCWs receive priority access to vaccines in a pandemic?	10
Adding dynamic consent to a longitudinal cohort study: A qualitative study of EXCEED participant perspectives	10
Developing new ways to listen: the value of narrative approaches in empirical (bio)ethics	10
A qualitative interview study of Australian physicians on defensive practice and low value care: “it’s easier to talk about our fear of lawyers than to talk about our fear of looking bad in front of e	10
What does engagement mean to participants in longitudinal cohort studies? A qualitative study	10
Ethical challenges experienced by prehospital emergency personnel: a practice-based model of analysis	10
Enhancing patient safety by integrating ethical dimensions to Critical Incident Reporting Systems	10
The Swedish translation and cultural adaptation of the Measure of Moral Distress for Healthcare Professionals (MMD-HP)	10
Key ethical issues encountered during COVID-19 research: a thematic analysis of perspectives from South African research ethics committees	10
Electronic informed consent criteria for research ethics review: a scoping review	10
Do-not-attempt-resuscitation orders: attitudes, perceptions and practices of Swedish physicians and nurses	9
Biomedical engineering and ethics: reflections on medical devices and PPE during the first wave of COVID-19	9
Factors influencing practitioners’ who do not participate in ethically complex, legally available care: scoping review	9
Disclosure of medical errors: physicians’ knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) in an oncology center	9
Knowledge, attitudes, ethical and social perspectives towards fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) among Jordanian healthcare providers	9
What ethical approaches are used by scientists when sharing health data? An interview study	9
Ethical challenges of caring for burn patients: a qualitative study	9
Intensive and pharmacological care in times of COVID-19: A “special ethics” for emergency?	9
Communication patterns in the doctor–patient relationship: evaluating determinants associated with low paternalism in Mexico	9
Travelling to die: views, attitudes and end-of-life preferences of Israelis considering receiving aid-in-dying in Switzerland	9
Meta-consent for the secondary use of health data within a learning health system: a qualitative study of the public’s perspective	9
Who’s afraid of genetic tests?: An assessment of Singapore’s public attitudes and changes in attitudes after taking a genetic test	9
Current state of ethical challenges reported in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review & bibliometric analysis from 2010 to 2021	9
The ethics of DNR-decisions in oncology and hematology care: a qualitative study	9
The COVID-19 pandemic and organ donation and transplantation: ethical issues	9
Patient-centred care and patient autonomy: doctors’ views in Chinese hospitals	9
Assessing research misconduct in Iran: a perspective from Iranian medical faculty members	9
Implementing clinical ethics committees as a complex intervention: presentation of a feasibility study in community care	9
A qualitative study exploring stakeholder perspectives on the use of biological samples for future unspecified research in Malawi	9
Health data research on sudden cardiac arrest: perspectives of survivors and their next-of-kin	9
US medical and surgical society position statements on physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia: a review	9
Nurses’ ethical decision-making during end of life care in South Korea: a cross-sectional descriptive survey	8
Usage of do-not-attempt-to-resuscitate orders in a Swedish community hospital – patient involvement, documentation and compliance	8
Clinical ethics consultations: a scoping review of reported outcomes	8
Scarcity of resources and inequity in access are frequently reported ethical issues for physiotherapists internationally: an observational study	8
Ethical and human rights considerations in public health in low and middle-income countries: an assessment using the case of Uganda’s responses to COVID-19 pandemic	8
The ethics of explantation	8
Lay persons’ perception of the requirements for research in emergency obstetric and newborn care	8
An ethics analysis of the rationale for publicly funded plastic surgery	8
Women’s viewpoints on egg freezing in Austria: an online Q-methodology study	8
Caregiver reactions to neuroimaging evidence of covert consciousness in patients with severe brain injury: a qualitative interview study	8
The relationship between the perception of open disclosure of patient safety incidents, perception of patient safety culture, and ethical awareness in nurses	8
Perceptions of important outcomes of moral case deliberations: a qualitative study among healthcare professionals in childhood cancer care	8
Trustworthy artificial intelligence and ethical design: public perceptions of trustworthiness of an AI-based decision-support tool in the context of intrapartum care	8
An ethical analysis of clinical triage protocols and decision-making frameworks: what do the principles of justice, freedom, and a disability rights approach demand of us?	8
Informed or misinformed consent and use of modified texture diets in dysphagia	8
Gurus and Griots: Revisiting the research informed consent process in rural African contexts	8
Health care providers’ ethical perspectives on waiver of final consent for Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD): a qualitative study	8
What does coercion in intensive care mean for patients and their relatives? A thematic qualitative study	8
It is not a big deal: a qualitative study of clinical biobank donation experience and motives	8
Identifying disincentives to ethics consultation requests among physicians, advance practice providers, and nurses: a quality improvement all staff survey at a tertiary academic medical center	8
Ethical concerns in suicide research: thematic analysis of the views of human research ethics committees in Australia	8
Data-driven research and healthcare: public trust, data governance and the NHS	8
A practical approach to the ethical use of memory modulating technologies	8
Documentation of ethically relevant information in out-of-hospital resuscitation is rare: a Danish nationwide observational study of 16,495 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests	8

Human genome editing: how to prevent rogue actors	8
Recognising values and engaging communities across cultures: towards developing a cultural protocol for researchers	8
Evaluation of decision-making capacity in patients with dementia: challenges and recommendations from a secondary analysis of qualitative interviews	7
Ethics of HIV cure research: an unfinished agenda	7
Study of laboratory staff’ knowledge of biobanking in Côte d’Ivoire	7
Cultures and cures: neurodiversity and brain organoids	7
Cross-sectional survey of surrogate decision-making in Japanese medical practice	7
Facing new challenges to informed consent processes in the context of translational research: the case in CARPEM consortium	7
The ethical implications of verbal autopsy: responding to emotional and moral distress	7
Perspectives and ethical considerations for return of genetics and genomics research results: a qualitative study of genomics researchers in Uganda	7
Precision medicine and the principle of equal treatment: a conjoint analysis	7
“I haven’t had to bare my soul but now I kind of have to”: describing how voluntary assisted dying conscientious objectors anticipated approaching conversations with patients in Victoria, Australia	7
Perceptions of and barriers to ethical promotion of pharmaceuticals in Pakistan: perspectives of medical representatives and doctors	7
To disclose, or not to disclose? Perspectives of clinical genomics professionals toward returning incidental findings from genomic research	7
Bin it or pin it? Which professional ethical guidance on managing COVID-19 should I follow?	7
Attitudes about withholding or withdrawing life-prolonging treatment, euthanasia, assisted suicide, and physician assisted suicide: a cross-sectional survey among the general public in Croatia	7
Ethical considerations for involving adolescents in biomedical HIV prevention research	7
Qualitative inquiry into adolescents’ experience of ethical challenges during enrollment and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Temeke Regional Referral Hospital, Tanzania	6
Principles for pandemics: COVID-19 and professional ethical guidance in England and Wales	6
To donate or not to donate? Future healthcare professionals’ opinions on biobanking of human biological material for research purposes	6
Managing the moral expansion of medicine	6
Dialysis decisions concerning cognitively impaired adults: a scoping literature review	6
Who should be tested in a pandemic? Ethical considerations	6
Practice variation in the informed consent procedure for thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke: a survey among neurologists and neurology residents	6
How to deal with moral challenges around the decision-making competence in transgender adolescent care? Development of an ethics support tool	6
Challenges to effective and autonomous genetic testing and counseling for ethno-cultural minorities: a qualitative study	6
Adherence with reporting of ethical standards in COVID-19 human studies: a rapid review	6
Operationalization of assent for research participation in pre-adolescent children: a scoping review	6
A chronological discourse analysis of ancillary care provision in guidance documents for research conduct in the global south	6
Ambivalence toward euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide has decreased among physicians in Finland	6
Health workers’ perspectives on informed consent for caesarean section in Southern Malawi	6
Advance research directives: avoiding double standards	6
"It gets people through the door": a qualitative case study of the use of incentives in the care of people at risk or living with HIV in British Columbia, Canada	6
Which features of patients are morally relevant in ventilator triage? A survey of the UK public	6
Perceptions, attitudes, and willingness of the public in low- and middle-income countries of the Arab region to participate in biobank research	6
What does it take to consent to islet cell xenotransplantation?: Insights from an interview study with type 1 diabetes patients and review of the literature	6
Needs to address clinicians’ moral distress in treating unvaccinated COVID-19 patients	6
Current wishes to die; characteristics of middle-aged and older Dutch adults who are ready to give up on life: a cross-sectional study	6
Ethics framework for treatment use of investigational drugs	6
Ethical values and principles to guide the fair allocation of resources in response to a pandemic: a rapid systematic review	6
Better governance starts with better words: why responsible human tissue research demands a change of language	6
Trust and professionalism in science: medical codes as a model for scientific negligence?	6
Ethical considerations for research involving pregnant women living with HIV and their young children: a systematic review of the empiric literature and discussion	6
Genetic/genomic testing: defining the parameters for ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI)	6
A situation analysis of competences of research ethics committee members regarding review of research protocols with complex and emerging study designs in Uganda	6
The law and problematic marketing by private umbilical cord blood banks	6
The anatomy of electronic patient record ethics: a framework to guide design, development, implementation, and use	6
Public attitudes towards sharing loyalty card data for academic health research: a qualitative study	6
White lie during patient care: a qualitative study of nurses’ perspectives	5
Chinese physicians’ perceptions of palliative care integration for advanced cancer patients: a qualitative analysis at a tertiary hospital in Changsha, China	5
Sharing decisions amid uncertainties: a qualitative interview study of healthcare professionals’ ethical challenges and norms regarding decision-making in gender-affirming medical care	5
Biases in bioethics: a narrative review	5
Capacity of community advisory boards for effective engagement in clinical research: a mixed methods study	5
Pursuing impact in research: towards an ethical approach	5
Navigating abortion law dilemmas: experiences and attitudes among Ethiopian health care professionals	5
Withholding and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments in intensive care units in Lebanon: a cross-sectional survey of intensivists and interviews of professional societies, legal and religious lead	5
Ethical challenges faced by French military doctors deployed in the Sahel (Operation Barkhane): a qualitative study	5
Ethical and social implications of approaching death prediction in humans - when the biology of ageing meets existential issues	5
Ethical and regulatory implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for the medical devices industry and its representatives	5
From a voluntary vaccination policy to mandatory vaccination against COVID-19 in cancer patients: an empirical and interdisciplinary study in bioethics	5
Health data privacy through homomorphic encryption and distributed ledger computing: an ethical-legal qualitative expert assessment study	5
Knowledge and attitudes about end-of-life decisions, good death and principles of medical ethics among doctors in tertiary care hospitals in Sri Lanka: a cross-sectional study	5
Forensic mental health professionals’ perceptions of their dual loyalty conflict: findings from a qualitative study	5
Is there a need for a clear advice? A retrospective comparative analysis of ethics consultations with and without recommendations in a maximum-care university hospital	5
Shifting to a model of donor conception that entails a communication agreement among the parents, donor, and offspring	5
Data privacy protection in scientific publications: process implementation at a pharmaceutical company	5
Participant recall and understandings of information on biobanking and future genomic research: experiences from a multi-disease community-based health screening and biobank platform in rural South Af	5
Biobanks in the low- and middle-income countries of the Arab Middle East region: challenges, ethical issues, and governance arrangements—a qualitative study involving biobank managers	5
Québec health care professionals’ perspectives on organ donation after medical assistance in dying	5
Research based on existing clinical data and biospecimens: a systematic study of patients’ opinions	5
Patient satisfaction with surgical informed consent at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia	5
The challenges of ethical behaviors for drug supply in pharmacies in Iran by a principle-based approach	5
Normative framework of informed consent in clinical research in Germany, Poland, and Russia	5
Assent, parental consent and reconsent for health research in Africa: thematic analysis of national guidelines and lessons from the SickleInAfrica registry	5
Consent to organ offers from public health service “Increased Risk” donors decreases time to transplant and waitlist mortality	4
Development of a core outcome set for informed consent for therapy: An international key stakeholder consensus study	4
Attitudes of Polish physicians, nurses and pharmacists towards the ethical and legal aspects of the conscience clause	4
Reporting violations of European Charter of Patients’ Rights: analysis of patient complaints in Croatia	4
Goods, causes and intentions: problems with applying the doctrine of double effect to palliative sedation	4
Ethical and practical considerations for HIV cure-related research at the end-of-life: a qualitative interview and focus group study in the United States	4
Something must happen before first breath	4
Artificial intelligence and medical research databases: ethical review by data access committees	4
How should communities be meaningfully engaged (if at all) when setting priorities for biomedical research? Perspectives from the biomedical research community	4
Physicians’ legal knowledge of informed consent and confidentiality. A cross-sectional study	4
Ethical and procedural issues for applying researcher-driven multi-national paediatric clinical trials in and outside the European Union: the challenging experience of the DEEP project	4
Where the public health principles meet the individual: a framework for the ethics of compulsory outpatient treatment in psychiatry	4
Patient perspectives on advance euthanasia directives in Huntington’s disease. A qualitative interview study	4
Perceptions on using surplus embryos for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease among the Swedish population: a qualitative study	4
Under consent: participation of people with HIV in an Ebola vaccine trial in Canada	4
Potential research ethics violations against an indigenous tribe in Ecuador: a mixed methods approach	4
Attitudes on euthanasia among medical students and doctors in Sri Lanka: a cross sectional study	4
Ethical practice in my work: community health workers’ perspectives using photovoice in Wakiso district, Uganda	4
Ethical preparedness in health research and care: the role of behavioural approaches	4
Frankenstein; or, the modern Prometheus: a classic novel to stimulate the analysis of complex contemporary issues in biomedical sciences	4
Attitudes toward withholding antibiotics from people with dementia lacking decisional capacity: findings from a survey of Canadian stakeholders	4