BMC Medical Ethics

Article	Citations
Privacy and artificial intelligence: challenges for protecting health information in a new era	136
Artificial intelligence for good health: a scoping review of the ethics literature	105
Moral distress and ethical climate in intensive care medicine during COVID-19: a nationwide study	82
Embedded ethics: a proposal for integrating ethics into the development of medical AI	48
Relational autonomy in end-of-life care ethics: a contextualized approach to real-life complexities	48
Digital tools in the informed consent process: a systematic review	42
Ethics review of big data research: What should stay and what should be reformed?	38
Ethics education to support ethical competence learning in healthcare: an integrative systematic review	36
COVID-19: where is the national ethical guidance?	34
Preprints in times of COVID19: the time is ripe for agreeing on terminology and good practices	31
Patients’ and professionals’ views related to ethical issues in precision medicine: a mixed research synthesis	29
The patient and clinician experience of informed consent for surgery: a systematic review of the qualitative evidence	29
Ethics parallel research: an approach for (early) ethical guidance of biomedical innovation	28
Structural coercion in the context of community engagement in global health research conducted in a low resource setting in Africa	27
The social licence for data-intensive health research: towards co-creation, public value and trust	27
A scoping review of the literature featuring research ethics and research integrity cases	27
Ethical issues and practical barriers in internet-based suicide prevention research: a review and investigator survey	25
Forgoing life-sustaining treatment – a comparative analysis of regulations in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and England	24
Do solidarity and reciprocity obligations compel African researchers to feedback individual genetic results in genomics research?	24
In Defence of informed consent for health record research - why arguments from ‘easy rescue’, ‘no harm’ and ‘consent bias’ fail	23
A palliative care approach in psychiatry: clinical implications	23
Public trust and global biobank networks	23
Ethical decision-making climate, moral distress, and intention to leave among ICU professionals in a tertiary academic hospital center	23
Prioritising access to pandemic influenza vaccine: a review of the ethics literature	22
The concept of vulnerability in aged care: a systematic review of argument-based ethics literature	21

Addressing ethical challenges of disclosure in dementia prediction: limitations of current guidelines and suggestions to proceed	21
Patient distrust in pharmaceutical companies: an explanation for women under-representation in respiratory clinical trials?	21
Trust and digital privacy in healthcare: a cross-sectional descriptive study of trust and attitudes towards uses of electronic health data among the general public in Sweden	21
Ethical factors determining ECMO allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic	20
Partnering with patients in healthcare research: a scoping review of ethical issues, challenges, and recommendations for practice	19
Researchers’ views on, and experiences with, the requirement to obtain informed consent in research involving human participants: a qualitative study	19
Perceptions of plagiarism by biomedical researchers: an online survey in Europe and China	19
Sharing whilst caring: solidarity and public trust in a data-driven healthcare system	19
South African traditional values and beliefs regarding informed consent and limitations of the principle of respect for autonomy in African communities: a cross-cultural qualitative study	18
Attitudes towards organ donation in Syria: a cross-sectional study	18
Secondary research use of personal medical data: patient attitudes towards data donation	18
Redundant trials can be prevented, if the EU clinical trial regulation is applied duly	18
Ethics framework for citizen science and public and patient participation in research	17
Prioritising ‘already-scarce’ intensive care unit resources in the midst of COVID-19: a call for regional triage committees in South Africa	17
Citizens' views on sharing their health data: the role of competence, reliability and pursuing the common good	17
Among equity and dignity: an argument-based review of European ethical guidelines under COVID-19	16
Too much safety? Safeguards and equal access in the context of voluntary assisted dying legislation	16
Why have Advance Directives failed in Spain?	16
“Who is watching the watchdog?”: ethical perspectives of sharing health-related data for precision medicine in Singapore	16
Ownership of individual-level health data, data sharing, and data governance	16
Moral competence, moral teamwork and moral action - the European Moral Case Deliberation Outcomes (Euro-MCD) Instrument 2.0 and its revision process	15
Theory and practice of integrative clinical ethics support: a joint experience within gender affirmative care	15
Stakeholder perspectives on the ethico-legal dimensions of biobanking in South Africa	15
The use of personal health information outside the circle of care: consent preferences of patients from an academic health care institution	15
Human germline editing in the era of CRISPR-Cas: risk and uncertainty, inter-generational responsibility, therapeutic legitimacy	15
Defining ethical challenge(s) in healthcare research: a rapid review	15
Personalized and long-term electronic informed consent in clinical research: stakeholder views	15
The path toward ectogenesis: looking beyond the technical challenges	14
Self-evaluated ethical competence of a practicing physiotherapist: a national study in Finland	14
Medical ethics: knowledge, attitude and practice among doctors in three teaching hospitals in Sri Lanka	14
The ethics of machine learning-based clinical decision support: an analysis through the lens of professionalisation theory	14
Health care ethics programs in U.S. Hospitals: results from a National Survey	14
A principled ethical approach to intersex paediatric surgeries	14
“Many roads lead to Rome and the Artificial Intelligence only shows me one road”: an interview study on physician attitudes regarding the implementation of computerised clinical decision support syste	14
The full spectrum of ethical issues in dementia research: findings of a systematic qualitative review	14
The obstacles to organ donation following brain death in Iran: a qualitative study	14
Examination and diagnosis of electronic patient records and their associated ethics: a scoping literature review	13
The theorisation of ‘best interests’ in bioethical accounts of decision-making	13
Views of university students in Jordan towards Biobanking	13
Sharing genomic data from clinical testing with researchers: public survey of expectations of clinical genomic data management in Queensland, Australia	13
Patient privacy and autonomy: a comparative analysis of cases of ethical dilemmas in China and the United States	13
A scoping review of the perceptions of death in the context of organ donation and transplantation	13
Asking the right questions: towards a person-centered conception of shared decision-making regarding treatment of advanced chronic kidney disease in older patients	13
Experts’ moral views on gene drive technologies: a qualitative interview study	13
Organ donation after euthanasia starting at home in a patient with multiple system atrophy	12
Future healthcare providers and professionalism on social media: a cross-sectional study	12
Public awareness of and attitudes towards research biobanks in Latvia	12
Using practical wisdom to facilitate ethical decision-making: a major empirical study of phronesis in the decision narratives of doctors	12
Moral neutralization: Nurses’ evolution in unethical climate workplaces	12
Cultural sensitivity in brain death determination: a necessity in end-of-life decisions in Japan	12

Evaluating assessment tools of the quality of clinical ethics consultations: a systematic scoping review from 1992 to 2019	12
Community perspectives on the benefits and risks of technologically enhanced communicable disease surveillance systems: a report on four community juries	12
The association between perceived hospital ethical climate and self-evaluated care quality for COVID-19 patients: the mediating role of ethical sensitivity among Chinese anti-pandemic nurses	12
Study protocol: the Australian genetics and life insurance moratorium—monitoring the effectiveness and response (A-GLIMMER) project	12
Knowledge and attitudes of physicians toward research ethics and scientific misconduct in Lebanon	12
Indicators and criteria of consciousness: ethical implications for the care of behaviourally unresponsive patients	11
Trends in Swedish physicians’ attitudes towards physician-assisted suicide: a cross-sectional study	11
How do 66 European institutional review boards approve one protocol for an international prospective observational study on traumatic brain injury? Experiences from the CENTER-TBI study	11
Neonatologists’ decision-making for resuscitation and non-resuscitation of extremely preterm infants: ethical principles, challenges, and strategies—a qualitative study	11
Polygenic risk scoring of human embryos: a qualitative study of media coverage	11
A qualitative study of big data and the opioid epidemic: recommendations for data governance	11
A scoping review of genetics and genomics research ethics policies and guidelines for Africa	11
Clinical Ethics Committees in Africa: lost in the shadow of RECs/IRBs?	11
Stakeholders' perspectives on research integrity training practices: a qualitative study	11
Health professionals' knowledge and attitude towards patient confidentiality and associated factors in a resource-limited setting: a cross-sectional study	10
Adding dynamic consent to a longitudinal cohort study: A qualitative study of EXCEED participant perspectives	10
Decision-making approaches for children with life-limiting conditions: results from a qualitative phenomenological study	10
“I don’t think people are ready to trust these algorithms at face value”: trust and the use of machine learning algorithms in the diagnosis of rare disease	10
Why should HCWs receive priority access to vaccines in a pandemic?	10
The role of community advisory boards in community-based HIV clinical trials: a qualitative study from Tanzania	10
Equitable data sharing in epidemics and pandemics	10
Family discussions and demographic factors influence adolescent’s knowledge and attitude towards organ donation after brain death: a questionnaire study	10
A scoping review of considerations and practices for benefit sharing in biobanking	10
South Africa’s new standard material transfer agreement: proposals for improvement and pointers for implementation	10
Achieving inclusive research priority-setting: what do people with lived experience and the public think is essential?	10
What passive euthanasia is	10
Patient consent preferences on sharing personal health information during the COVID-19 pandemic: “the more informed we are, the more likely we are to help”	10
The Swedish translation and cultural adaptation of the Measure of Moral Distress for Healthcare Professionals (MMD-HP)	10
Challenges and proposed solutions in making clinical research on COVID-19 ethical: a status quo analysis across German research ethics committees	10
Bioethics and the use of social media for medical crowdfunding	10
Electronic informed consent criteria for research ethics review: a scoping review	9
Factors influencing practitioners’ who do not participate in ethically complex, legally available care: scoping review	9
Solitary death and new lifestyles during and after COVID-19: wearable devices and public health ethics	9
Enhancing patient safety by integrating ethical dimensions to Critical Incident Reporting Systems	9
The impact on patients of objections by institutions to assisted dying: a qualitative study of family caregivers’ perceptions	9
Being torn by inevitable moral dilemma: experiences of ICU nurses	9
What does engagement mean to participants in longitudinal cohort studies? A qualitative study	9
Participatory development of CURA, a clinical ethics support instrument for palliative care	9
Meta-consent for the secondary use of health data within a learning health system: a qualitative study of the public’s perspective	9
Taking stock of the availability and functions of National Ethics Committees worldwide	9
A qualitative study exploring stakeholder perspectives on the use of biological samples for future unspecified research in Malawi	9
US medical and surgical society position statements on physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia: a review	9
Developing new ways to listen: the value of narrative approaches in empirical (bio)ethics	9
Changing medical education scenario: a wakeup call for reforms in Anatomy Act	9
A qualitative interview study of Australian physicians on defensive practice and low value care: “it’s easier to talk about our fear of lawyers than to talk about our fear of looking bad in front of e	9
Implementing clinical ethics committees as a complex intervention: presentation of a feasibility study in community care	9
Motives of contributing personal data for health research: (non-)participation in a Dutch biobank	9
Ethical challenges of caring for burn patients: a qualitative study	9
The COVID-19 pandemic and organ donation and transplantation: ethical issues	9
Intensive and pharmacological care in times of COVID-19: A “special ethics” for emergency?	9
Should biomedical research with great apes be restricted? A systematic review of reasons	9
What does coercion in intensive care mean for patients and their relatives? A thematic qualitative study	8
Ethical concerns in suicide research: thematic analysis of the views of human research ethics committees in Australia	8
Usage of do-not-attempt-to-resuscitate orders in a Swedish community hospital – patient involvement, documentation and compliance	8
(Re)Conceptualising ‘good’ proxy decision-making for research: the implications for proxy consent decision quality	8
A practical approach to the ethical use of memory modulating technologies	8
Assessing research misconduct in Iran: a perspective from Iranian medical faculty members	8
Human genome editing: how to prevent rogue actors	8
Health data research on sudden cardiac arrest: perspectives of survivors and their next-of-kin	8
Caregiver reactions to neuroimaging evidence of covert consciousness in patients with severe brain injury: a qualitative interview study	8
Perceptions of important outcomes of moral case deliberations: a qualitative study among healthcare professionals in childhood cancer care	8
Governance frameworks for COVID-19 research ethics review and oversight in Latin America: an exploratory study	8
An ethical analysis of clinical triage protocols and decision-making frameworks: what do the principles of justice, freedom, and a disability rights approach demand of us?	8
Disclosure of medical errors: physicians’ knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) in an oncology center	8
Ethical challenges regarding the use of stem cells: interviews with researchers from Saudi Arabia	8
The ethics of DNR-decisions in oncology and hematology care: a qualitative study	8
Do-not-attempt-resuscitation orders: attitudes, perceptions and practices of Swedish physicians and nurses	8
Scarcity of resources and inequity in access are frequently reported ethical issues for physiotherapists internationally: an observational study	8
Mapping ethical issues in the use of smart home health technologies to care for older persons: a systematic review	8
Communication patterns in the doctor–patient relationship: evaluating determinants associated with low paternalism in Mexico	8
Lay persons’ perception of the requirements for research in emergency obstetric and newborn care	8
Ethical challenges experienced by prehospital emergency personnel: a practice-based model of analysis	8
Facing new challenges to informed consent processes in the context of translational research: the case in CARPEM consortium	7
Ethics of HIV cure research: an unfinished agenda	7
Nurses’ ethical decision-making during end of life care in South Korea: a cross-sectional descriptive survey	7
Perspectives and ethical considerations for return of genetics and genomics research results: a qualitative study of genomics researchers in Uganda	7
Attitudes about withholding or withdrawing life-prolonging treatment, euthanasia, assisted suicide, and physician assisted suicide: a cross-sectional survey among the general public in Croatia	7
The ethics of explantation	7
Travelling to die: views, attitudes and end-of-life preferences of Israelis considering receiving aid-in-dying in Switzerland	7
Current state of ethical challenges reported in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review & bibliometric analysis from 2010 to 2021	7

Study of laboratory staff’ knowledge of biobanking in Côte d’Ivoire	7
Precision medicine and the principle of equal treatment: a conjoint analysis	7
Cultures and cures: neurodiversity and brain organoids	7
Cross-sectional survey of surrogate decision-making in Japanese medical practice	7
Gurus and Griots: Revisiting the research informed consent process in rural African contexts	7
An ethics analysis of the rationale for publicly funded plastic surgery	7
What ethical approaches are used by scientists when sharing health data? An interview study	7
It is not a big deal: a qualitative study of clinical biobank donation experience and motives	7
Identifying disincentives to ethics consultation requests among physicians, advance practice providers, and nurses: a quality improvement all staff survey at a tertiary academic medical center	7
Biomedical engineering and ethics: reflections on medical devices and PPE during the first wave of COVID-19	7
Ethical and human rights considerations in public health in low and middle-income countries: an assessment using the case of Uganda’s responses to COVID-19 pandemic	7
"It gets people through the door": a qualitative case study of the use of incentives in the care of people at risk or living with HIV in British Columbia, Canada	6
Ethical considerations for research involving pregnant women living with HIV and their young children: a systematic review of the empiric literature and discussion	6
Perceptions, attitudes, and willingness of the public in low- and middle-income countries of the Arab region to participate in biobank research	6
Principles for pandemics: COVID-19 and professional ethical guidance in England and Wales	6
Challenges to effective and autonomous genetic testing and counseling for ethno-cultural minorities: a qualitative study	6
Ethical arguments against coercing provider participation in MAiD (medical assistance in dying) in Ontario, Canada	6
Public attitudes towards sharing loyalty card data for academic health research: a qualitative study	6
Patient-centred care and patient autonomy: doctors’ views in Chinese hospitals	6
Ethics framework for treatment use of investigational drugs	6
A situation analysis of competences of research ethics committee members regarding review of research protocols with complex and emerging study designs in Uganda	6
Bin it or pin it? Which professional ethical guidance on managing COVID-19 should I follow?	6
Health workers’ perspectives on informed consent for caesarean section in Southern Malawi	6
Women’s viewpoints on egg freezing in Austria: an online Q-methodology study	6
What does it take to consent to islet cell xenotransplantation?: Insights from an interview study with type 1 diabetes patients and review of the literature	6
Clinical ethics consultations: a scoping review of reported outcomes	6
Evaluation of decision-making capacity in patients with dementia: challenges and recommendations from a secondary analysis of qualitative interviews	6
Egyptians' social acceptance and consenting options for posthumous organ donation; a cross sectional study	6
A qualitative study on aspects of consent for genomic research in communities with low literacy	6
“I haven’t had to bare my soul but now I kind of have to”: describing how voluntary assisted dying conscientious objectors anticipated approaching conversations with patients in Victoria, Australia	6
Who should be tested in a pandemic? Ethical considerations	6
Documentation of ethically relevant information in out-of-hospital resuscitation is rare: a Danish nationwide observational study of 16,495 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests	6
Practice variation in the informed consent procedure for thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke: a survey among neurologists and neurology residents	6
Qualitative inquiry into adolescents’ experience of ethical challenges during enrollment and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Temeke Regional Referral Hospital, Tanzania	6
Current wishes to die; characteristics of middle-aged and older Dutch adults who are ready to give up on life: a cross-sectional study	5
The ethical implications of verbal autopsy: responding to emotional and moral distress	5
Better governance starts with better words: why responsible human tissue research demands a change of language	5
Should Artificial Intelligence be used to support clinical ethical decision-making? A systematic review of reasons	5
Genetic/genomic testing: defining the parameters for ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI)	5
Patient satisfaction with surgical informed consent at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia	5
Data privacy protection in scientific publications: process implementation at a pharmaceutical company	5
Is there a need for a clear advice? A retrospective comparative analysis of ethics consultations with and without recommendations in a maximum-care university hospital	5
Participant recall and understandings of information on biobanking and future genomic research: experiences from a multi-disease community-based health screening and biobank platform in rural South Af	5
Ethical considerations for involving adolescents in biomedical HIV prevention research	5
Perceptions of and barriers to ethical promotion of pharmaceuticals in Pakistan: perspectives of medical representatives and doctors	5
From a voluntary vaccination policy to mandatory vaccination against COVID-19 in cancer patients: an empirical and interdisciplinary study in bioethics	5
Biobanks in the low- and middle-income countries of the Arab Middle East region: challenges, ethical issues, and governance arrangements—a qualitative study involving biobank managers	5
Adherence with reporting of ethical standards in COVID-19 human studies: a rapid review	5
Québec health care professionals’ perspectives on organ donation after medical assistance in dying	5
Advance research directives: avoiding double standards	5
Knowledge, attitudes, ethical and social perspectives towards fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) among Jordanian healthcare providers	5
Pursuing impact in research: towards an ethical approach	5
The relationship between the perception of open disclosure of patient safety incidents, perception of patient safety culture, and ethical awareness in nurses	5
The law and problematic marketing by private umbilical cord blood banks	5
How to deal with moral challenges around the decision-making competence in transgender adolescent care? Development of an ethics support tool	5
Medical and midwifery students’ views on the use of conscientious objection in abortion care, following legal reform in Chile: a cross-sectional study	5
Trust and professionalism in science: medical codes as a model for scientific negligence?	5
To disclose, or not to disclose? Perspectives of clinical genomics professionals toward returning incidental findings from genomic research	5
Sharing decisions amid uncertainties: a qualitative interview study of healthcare professionals’ ethical challenges and norms regarding decision-making in gender-affirming medical care	5
Recognising values and engaging communities across cultures: towards developing a cultural protocol for researchers	5
Health care providers’ ethical perspectives on waiver of final consent for Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD): a qualitative study	5
Biases in bioethics: a narrative review	5
Impact of legislation and public funding on oncofertility: a survey of Canadian, French and Moroccan pediatric hematologists/oncologists	5
Capacity of community advisory boards for effective engagement in clinical research: a mixed methods study	5
Knowledge and attitudes about end-of-life decisions, good death and principles of medical ethics among doctors in tertiary care hospitals in Sri Lanka: a cross-sectional study	5
The challenges of ethical behaviors for drug supply in pharmacies in Iran by a principle-based approach	5
Perspectives regarding privacy in clinical research among research professionals from the Arab region: an exploratory qualitative study	5
To donate or not to donate? Future healthcare professionals’ opinions on biobanking of human biological material for research purposes	5
Assent, parental consent and reconsent for health research in Africa: thematic analysis of national guidelines and lessons from the SickleInAfrica registry	5
Autonomous decisions by couples in reproductive care	5
Operationalization of assent for research participation in pre-adolescent children: a scoping review	5
A chronological discourse analysis of ancillary care provision in guidance documents for research conduct in the global south	5
Research based on existing clinical data and biospecimens: a systematic study of patients’ opinions	4
Trustworthy artificial intelligence and ethical design: public perceptions of trustworthiness of an AI-based decision-support tool in the context of intrapartum care	4
Data-driven research and healthcare: public trust, data governance and the NHS	4
Ethical preparedness in health research and care: the role of behavioural approaches	4
Frankenstein; or, the modern Prometheus: a classic novel to stimulate the analysis of complex contemporary issues in biomedical sciences	4
Withholding and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments in intensive care units in Lebanon: a cross-sectional survey of intensivists and interviews of professional societies, legal and religious lead	4
Potential research ethics violations against an indigenous tribe in Ecuador: a mixed methods approach	4
Physicians’ legal knowledge of informed consent and confidentiality. A cross-sectional study	4
Ethical and procedural issues for applying researcher-driven multi-national paediatric clinical trials in and outside the European Union: the challenging experience of the DEEP project	4
Forensic mental health professionals’ perceptions of their dual loyalty conflict: findings from a qualitative study	4
Attitudes toward withholding antibiotics from people with dementia lacking decisional capacity: findings from a survey of Canadian stakeholders	4
Key ethical issues encountered during COVID-19 research: a thematic analysis of perspectives from South African research ethics committees	4
Ethical and practical considerations for HIV cure-related research at the end-of-life: a qualitative interview and focus group study in the United States	4
Perceptions on using surplus embryos for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease among the Swedish population: a qualitative study	4
Attitudes of Polish physicians, nurses and pharmacists towards the ethical and legal aspects of the conscience clause	4
Attitudes on euthanasia among medical students and doctors in Sri Lanka: a cross sectional study	4
Which features of patients are morally relevant in ventilator triage? A survey of the UK public	4
Ethical practice in my work: community health workers’ perspectives using photovoice in Wakiso district, Uganda	4
An interprofessional cohort analysis of student interest in medical ethics education: a survey-based quantitative study	4
Dialysis decisions concerning cognitively impaired adults: a scoping literature review	4
Something must happen before first breath	4
Normative framework of informed consent in clinical research in Germany, Poland, and Russia	4
Development of a core outcome set for informed consent for therapy: An international key stakeholder consensus study	4