International Journal of Engine Research

Papers
(The median citation count of International Journal of Engine Research is 2. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2022-08-01 to 2026-08-01.)
ArticleCitations
Effect of transient needle lifts on the internal flow and nozzle exit characteristics for elliptical gasoline direct injection nozzle59
Experimental investigation of direct water injection in a hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine49
Fuel-air mixing in motored CFR engine at research octane number (RON) relevant condition37
Physically-based control-oriented modeling for turbocharged stoichiometric spark-ignited engine with cooled EGR and flexible VVT systems30
Investigation of the light-off characteristics and secondary pollutants production mechanism in Pd/Rh catalyst for natural gas engines29
Fuel control strategy for robust low-load gasoline low temperature combustion28
Experimental characterization of the injected mass variation in a high-pressure GDI injector operating with a multiple injection strategy28
Advanced model-based closed-loop combustion control strategies with combustion rate shaping28
A universally applicable 0D combustion model with a novel analysis of the critical factors affecting combustion in spark-ignition engines24
Influence of spray and combustion processes on piston temperatures and engine heat transfer in a high-output diesel engine21
Effect of piston geometry on combustion characteristics of CI engine used Sal seed oil21
Thermo-mechanical deformation control of a cylinder liner using segmented pre-compensation design19
The effect of port water injection on knocking and emission characteristics of natural-aspirated GDI engine operated under cruising condition19
Experimental and numerical investigations of heat transfer characteristics of a piston cooling bore impinged by SAE 30 oil19
Experimental and 2-D simulation studies on urea pulse strategies to investigate chemical reactions in Cu-Chabazite SCR catalysts19
The experimental investigation of performance behaviors of a beta-type Stirling engine with bell-crank motion mechanism18
Development of wear condition diagnosis model for piston-liner with multisource information18
Improving the operational efficiency of a heavy-duty diesel bus engine through parallel hybridization: A Tehran-specific case study18
Experimental study of airpath electrification in an opposed-piston two stroke (OP2S) engine architecture18
Evaluation of machine learning models for optimization of internal combustion engines: A comparative study17
Simulation study on the cavitation flow characteristics of liquid ammonia in the nozzle under high-pressure injection conditions17
Synergistic thermal activation of Al 2 O 3 –TiO 2 16
Optimization of the combustion system and control strategy for the new hybrid-dedicated 2.5 L TGDI engine15
Comprehensive experimental and numerical investigation on a dedicated hydrogen combustion system for heavy duty application15
An improved TRF mechanism for a new turbulent premixed combustion model with application to engine combustion CFD14
Experimental study on dribbling characteristics of gasoline/biodiesel blends after the end-of-injection13
Performance and environmental impact of ethanol-kerosene blends as sustainable aviation fuels in micro turbo-engines13
Hierarchical multi-time-scale predictive thermal management and fuel optimization for heavy-duty compression ignition engines13
Detecting controlled end-gas autoignition for a pilot-ignited methane/hydrogen premixed blend13
Development of wear condition diagnosis model for main bearing with SVM algorithm13
Recent progress on performance and control of linear engine generator12
A comprehensive study for the identification of the requirements for an optimal H2 combustion engine12
Modeling of primary breakup considering turbulent nozzle flow, internal turbulence and surface instability of liquid jet using turbulence decay theory12
The effect of intake port shape on in-cylinder flow field and turbulence distribution in a high-tumble production engine with endoscope accesses12
Investigating factors influencing PHEV fuel consumption and emissions using XGBoost and SHAP12
Simulation-driven aftertreatment optimization and emissions characterization of a high-efficiency methanol DI engine12
Injection rate of cylinder lubrication oil in large two-stroke marine diesel engines using a common rail lubrication system12
A Computational Investigation of Engine Heat Transfer with Ducted Fuel Injection11
Heat transfer performance optimization of turbine blade internal cooling channel with pin-fins and recessed-extruded endwalls11
Exploration of ultra-low carbon heavy-duty commercial vehicle technology: Liquid ammonia-diesel dual fuel high-pressure direct injection11
Investigation on the applicability of parameters identification of marine diesel engine SCR kinetic model based on Discrete-Grid algorithm11
An electromechanical coupling model for performance enhancement in diesel generator sets11
Experimental analysis of diesel/biodiesel blends with a nano additive for the performance and emission characteristics of CI Engine11
Combined removal experiment of NOx, SO 2 and PM from marine diesel exhaust gas with SCR-DryEGCS system11
Investigating the impact of mono-ether bioblendstocks on soot-NOx trade-off of MCCI engines10
Numerical investigation into small end wear of connecting rod in two-stroke aviation engine10
Experimental investigation of hydrogen combustion in a single cylinder PFI engine10
Effect of injection timings and injection pressure on knock mitigation with a compression stroke injection of hydrous ethanol in spark ignition10
Influence of equivalence ratio and colorless distributed combustion on combustion characteristics and emissions in a heavy-duty natural gas-fueled converted engine9
Comparative study on the effect of nanoparticles in ternary fuel blends on combustion, performance, and emissions characteristics of diesel engine9
Isolated microgrid frequency stabilization through nonlinear model predictive control of a gas engine generator set9
Effects of exhaust gas recirculation on nitrogen oxides, brake torque and efficiency in a hydrogen direct injection spark ignition engine9
Interpretation of cyclic combustion variations in internal combustion engines using recurrence quantification analysis9
Deep reinforcement learning to discover multi-fuel injection strategies for compression ignition engines9
Experimental visualization of the gas-liquid two-phase flow inside the multi-cavity during reciprocating motion9
Thermoelectric coupling study of scavenging pressure effect on fuel spray and mixing of a vibratory combustion linear engine9
Influence of deteriorated lubricants on friction modulation of micro-textured surface9
Research on input parameter optimization for NOx deep learning prediction model9
A rate-of-injection model for predicting single and double injection with or without fusion9
Research on Scavenging Flow Dynamics of Marine Two-Stroke Engines With a CFD-Derived Quasi-Dimensional Model9
Experimental investigation on reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion characteristic of n-heptane/ammonia based on an optical engine9
Assessing combustion characteristics of alternative fuels in a CI engine by use of a wavelet-based analysis of engine vibration signals9
A component sizing prediction study for a series hybrid electric vehicle based on artificial neural network8
Study on partial oxidation phenomena of post-injection fuel in diesel engines8
Experimental evaluation of different pre-chamber geometric characteristics in a single-cylinder SI engine8
Nonlinear characteristics of fuel injection quantity for a high-pressure common rail fuel injector8
Optimization research to minimize fuel consumption/ NOx emission of a two-stroke low speed marine diesel engine8
Development of a reduced primary reference fuel – oxymethylene dimethyl ether (PRF-OME x ) mechanism for diesel engine applications8
Quantitative fluorescence-based imaging of in-cylinder fuel film thickness at kHz frame rates in a production-type direct-injection spark-ignition engine8
Relative fatigue life prediction for elliptical contact problem based on mixed plasto-elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis with 3D real surface roughness8
A critical analysis of classical severity-based knock control strategies8
Investigation of the effects of passive pre-chamber nozzle pattern and ignition system on engine performance and emissions8
SCR + ASC systems control by backward induction with adaptive grid and different disturbance scenarios8
Effect of near-field characteristics on the two-phase distribution of superheated ammonia spray8
Research on random unbalanced phase vibration characteristics of marine turbocharger7
Ammonia fueled engine with diesel pilot ignition: Approach to achieve ultra-high ammonia substitution7
A novel valve strategy for particulate matter reduction in a gasoline direct injection engine operated at cold conditions7
A consistent model of the initiation, early expansion, and possible extinction of a spark-ignited flame kernel7
Spray characteristics of elliptical orifice spray in diesel engine under air movement conditions7
Mapping ammonia-diesel combustion on a single-cylinder 107 mm bore diesel engine retrofitted for ammonia port-fuel injection7
Iso-surface sampler: Bayesian optimization-based sampling framework for controlling multi-fuel compression ignition engines7
Multi-objective optimization of bleed slot mechanism for a radial flow compressor based on stall control criteria7
Development of an predictive model for uniflow scavenging in ultra-long-stroke low-speed marine engines based on Taylor vortex7
Computational study on the impact of gasoline-ethanol blending on autoignition and soot/NO x emissions under low-load gasoline compression ignition c7
Equivalence ratio and fuel type impacts on limit cycle and beating oscillations in combustion instability7
Experimental study on the effect of micro-addition of hydrogen on diesel ignition and combustion characteristics in an external heating constant volume combustion chamber7
Comparative assessment of di-ethyl ether/diesel blends on the performance, and emission characteristics in acetylene dual fuel engine7
Piston ring and cylinder liner scuffing analysis in dual-fuel low-speed engines considering liner deformation and tribofilm evolution7
Injection strategy of methanol for high loads and low NOx emissions in a neat methanol LTC engine7
Soot mitigation potential of multiple injection strategies for fuel-rich combustion and in-cylinder fuel reforming in compression-ignition engines7
Development of a semi-empirical physical model for transient NO x emissions prediction from a high-speed diesel engine7
Experimental study on the effect of injection angle on cavitation in micro orifices7
Investigation on the lean-combustion characteristics of non-uniform orifice pre-chamber spark plug in low engine speed working conditions compared with high energy spark ignition7
State estimation model for NOx storage-reduction catalyst using modeling method based on machine learning7
Tribological investigation of the new combustion chamber with wall-guided fuel injection in a diesel engine7
Effect of ammonia and diesel fuel injection pressure on combustion characteristics of high-pressure ammonia direct injection marine dual fuel engine6
Research of coordinated deformation characteristics for diesel engine main bearing based on bearing clearance margin6
Spray characteristics of biodiesel: A nonlinear temporal instability analysis6
Studying the effects of manifold pressure boosting and EGR on combustion and NO x emission of hydrogen-fueled SI engine6
Experimental study of spray characteristics of a pressure-swirl atomizer based on air core dynamics6
In- and near-nozzle and external flow characterization in Gasoline Direct injection (GDi) engines – A review of latest technologies and trends. Part 2: Computational background6
Development of a Riemann variables-based technique for on-line fuel injected mass evaluation in direct injection systems6
Numerical investigation of ducted fuel injection using Multiple Representative Interactive Linear Eddy Model6
Impact of fuel surrogate formulation on the prediction of knock statistics in a single cylinder GDI engine6
Engine-out hydrocarbon speciation and DOC reaction modeling for dual-fuel combustion concept6
Combustion characteristics optimization and thermal efficiency enhancement by stratified charge of hydrogen direct injection for argon power cycle hydrogen engine6
Applications of machine learning techniques to broaden operating envelope of biodiesel-fueled HCCI engines6
Arrhenius type empirical ignition delay equations based on the phenomenology of in-cylinder conditions for wide operating ranges in modern diesel engines6
Mixing in scramjet combustor having upstream and downstream cavities with hydrogen fuel injection in between6
Mechanism development and optimization of ammonia-natural gas combustion in HCCI engines using sensitivity analysis and RSM6
An efficient product design tool for aftertreatment system6
Evaluating the performance of the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in predicting reheat gas turbine cycle output using machine learning techniques6
Phenomenological combustion modeling with swirl effects of a two-stroke marine engine for digital twins6
Optimizing energy management strategies in marine hybrid propulsion systems using an upgraded particle swarm optimization-based approach6
Analysis of an innovative combustion chamber with the wall guided fuel injection in a small diesel engine6
Computational fluid dynamics-based feed-forward control of multi-fuel energy-assisted compression ignition engines for sustainable aviation6
Hybrid physics–data model for real-time compressor aerodynamic performance prediction in fuel cells6
Traffic information impact on the optimisation of fuel consumption and emissions in an urban driving scenario6
A review of solid SCR systems as an alternative for NOx reduction from diesel engines6
Experimental study of spatial distribution of knock events in a turbocharged spark-ignition engine6
Influence of initial electric arc root position on electric arc behavior with spark plugs in large lean burn spark ignited gas engines6
Experimental and numerical analysis of unburned ammonia and nitrous oxide emission characteristics in ammonia/diesel dual-fuel engine6
Development and verification of model predictive control strategy for selective catalytic reduction with rapid prototyping6
Effects of intake areas and shapes on the flow field of elliptical rotary engines at different speeds6
Optimizing the fuel efficiency of an opposed piston engine for electric power generation6
Predicting transient performance of a heavy-duty gaseous-fuelled engine using combined phenomenological and machine learning models6
Development of turbocharged engine bench test adapted to multiple driving cycles for lubricants fuel economy6
Toward quantification of the information content in flow variables under cycle-to-cycle variations6
Performance and emissions analysis of marine engine using flex-fuel based on methanol and ammonia blends: A simulative investigation toward vehicle decarbonization5
In- and near- nozzle and external flow characterization in Gasoline Direct injection (GDi) engines – A review of latest technologies and trends. Part 1: Experimental background5
A comparative study of fixed-gain classical knock control strategies5
An experimental investigation into the combustion stability and emissions of an n-butanol/diesel blended fueled partially premixed compression ignition (PPCI) engine5
Influences of key design parameters to operating performance of a compressed natural gas injection system using solenoid pressure regulator5
Cycle-resolved emission measurements of ammonia-hydrogen combustion in a spark-ignition engine5
Investigations on reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion with different injection strategies using alternative fuels produced from waste resources5
Multi-objective optimization of fuel injection performance of a common rail injector5
Multiphase combustion modeling of ammonia–diesel RCCI engines using RANS, DES, and LES turbulence models5
Computational investigation of ammonia-hydrogen peroxide blends in HCCI engine mode5
Mixing-controlled compression ignition of ethanol using exhaust rebreathe at a low-load operating condition—Single cylinder experiments in a heavy-duty diesel engine5
Deep long short-term memory neural networks as virtual sensors for marine diesel engine NOx prediction at transient conditions5
Robust model-based switching MIMO air handling control of turbocharged lean-burn SI natural gas variable speed engines5
Asymmetric spray characteristics of opposed-piston two-stroke gasoline direct injection engine5
Potential of ammonia spray configuration in ammonia-diesel dual-fuel direct injection compression ignition engine: Toward near zero carbon emissions5
Autoignition enhancement of ammonia spray under engine-relevant conditions via hydrogen addition: Thermal, chemical, and charge cooling effects5
Multiple-objective optimization of direct dual fuel stratification (DDFS) combustion at different loads5
Simulation on combustion characteristics of non-crankshaft reciprocating natural gas engine based on equivalent speed method5
Assessment of cycle-to-cycle variations in hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine5
Crank-angle-resolved HR-TEM analysis of aggregation process and nanostructure of GDI in-cylinder soot particles5
Optimization of diesel engine performance and emission characteristics with cerium oxide nanoparticles mixed waste cooking oil biodiesel blends5
POD analysis of in-cylinder flow characteristics in a CI engine with variable intake port opening5
Optimization of the full-load combustion schemes of n-butanol/biodiesel reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) toward high-efficiency and low-emission engines5
Modeling diesel output particulate matter as the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process5
Experimental mild conversion of a lean burn natural gas engine with SCR to a hydrogen engine: NOx and GWP potential for marine applications5
Influence of geometrical design on the cooling process of double annular turbine section5
Editorial –‘Thermo- and fluid-dynamics of clean propulsion powerplants’: THIESEL 2022 Special Issue by Xandra Margot5
Hybrid uncertainty analysis of the nozzle guide vane surface temperature in hydrogen-fueled gas turbine5
Effects of high- and low-pressure EGR on performance and emissions of natural gas engines5
High-speed low-coherence interferometry of fuel films in impinging gasoline direct injection sprays5
Special issue on COMODIA 20225
Effects of hydrogen nozzle structural parameters on combustion characteristics in a methanol-hydrogen blended-fuel engine4
Predicting instantaneous engine-out NO x emissions in a real-driving vehicle data scenario4
Optimization of homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion in a light-duty diesel engine operated using ethyl acetate-gasoline blends4
Low thermal inertia thermal barrier coatings for spark ignition engines: An experimental study4
Wastegate control strategy in electrically assisted turbochargers: A formula student car case study4
Interpretable tree-based ensemble models for macroscopic characterization of biofuel sprays4
Investigation of a GDI injector with an innovative flowmeter for high-pressure transient flows4
Effect of in-cylinder heat transfer and surface temperatures on knock in an SI engine4
Influence of alternative pre-chamber fuels on engine performance4
Performance prediction and parametric study of the combined axial-centrifugal compressor4
A CFD ignition model to predict average-cycle combustion in SI engines with extreme EGR levels4
Comparative study on the adaptability of diesel/aviation kerosene in rotary engines4
A semi-empirical model for online real-time control of NO X generation in diesel engines4
Emission behaviour and aftertreatment of stationary and transient operated hydrogen engines4
Determining tolerance requirements for spray-duct alignment in ducted fuel injection4
Study of a transonic centrifugal compressor with high flow coefficient tailored for high-altitude long-endurance unman- aerial-vehicle (HALE UAV)4
Emission removal performance of an electric heated and catalyst-coated gasoline particulate filter (EH-cGPF) at engine start4
Experimental investigation of the effects of JP8 and amorphous elemental boron additives on combustion characteristics for i-DSI engine4
The interaction of charge motion and EGR on anti-knock performance and efficiency of a medium-duty gasoline engine: An experimental study4
Effect of engine speed on in-cylinder flow and in-flame flow in an energy-assisted compression ignition engine4
Numerical evaluation of wall-guided spark assistance for cold operations in a heavy-duty gasoline compression ignition engine4
Toxicological assessment of particulate and unregulated emissions from methanol and gasoline fueled reactivity controlled compression ignition engines4
Impact of thermal swing piston top land coatings on gasoline engine performance and raw emissions4
On-board data reduction techniques for in-cylinder pressure transmission in connected vehicle applications4
A novel marine turbocharger compressor volume flow rate model based on stagnation enthalpy theory4
Long term endurance analysis of the effects on ring wear and lubrication oil of biofuel used in a DI diesel engine4
Energy penalty mitigation through exhaust gas recirculation: A technical evaluation of post-combustion carbon capture integrated with CCGT plants4
Experimental investigation for the different blend ratios of kerosene with diesel on the exergetic performance of a small-scale turbojet engine for UAV missions4
Impact of diesel-hythane dual-fuel combustion on engine performance and emissions in a heavy-duty engine at low-load condition4
Optimal HEV energy management strategy combined with fast model for ICE transient simulations4
The transition from conventional biodiesel combustion to RCCI with CNG/ethanol induction in CI engine: A comparative combustion analysis and relative effects on performance-emissions4
Application of enhanced combustion strategies and optimized ignition timing for achieving high thermal efficiency and low N 2 O emissions of marine a4
An analysis of estimation strategies for knock control4
Experimental and numerical investigation of an innovative complex piston with enhanced free spray length for the heavy-duty engine applications4
Experimental study of vegetable oil droplets vaporization under low temperature conditions such as those found in diesel engine cold parts4
Exploring the efficacy of ether-based ignition enhancers for implementation of (M) ethanol mixing-controlled compression ignition combustion4
Valve lift profile design of marine natural gas engines by using multi-objective optimization and impact-free cam methods4
Modeling of 0-D heat release rate of heavy-duty diesel engine based on classification algorithm4
Dual-fuel diesel engine features powered by ammonia under various pilot-fuel injection timing: Comprehensive analysis and response surface methodology-based optimization4
Numerical procedure for prechamber transfer from a single-cylinder engine to a rapid compression machine4
A comprehensive investigation on the internal flow and outflow characteristics of GDI elliptical divergent nozzles4
Analysis of the relationship between near-wall velocity distribution and wall heat flux under diesel spray flame impingement in an RCEM4
Computational study of ignition delay times and laminar flame speed of POrsche SYNthetic fuels: Comparison with conventional gasoline4
Feasibility evaluation and optimization of liquefied petroleum direct injection (LPDI) conversion engine for low pollutant emission vehicles4
Effects of hydrogen admixture on efficiency and emissions in a spark-ignition engine fueled with gasoline and methanol4
Structural sensitivity analysis and multi-objective optimization of liquid nozzle performances with the internal cavitation flow4
Measurements and analyses on the two-phase fuel transient flow characteristics of dual fuel co-direct injector3
Combined effects of fuel and water injection on performance and knocking characteristics of lean burn spark ignition engine3
A parametric analysis of cold start emissions reduction with secondary air injection based post-oxidation actuation in exhaust manifold of a turbocharged GDI engine3
Influence of injection parameters on evaporative cooling and mixture formation for ethanol-fueled knock-limited spark ignition operation using multidimensional CFD modeling3
Experimental investigation of boundary layer flow near the cylinder wall in a direct-injection spark-ignition engine using particle image velocimetry3
An optical investigation on macro spray characteristics of convergent-divergent ducted fuel injection under high ambient pressures3
Detailed prediction of HRR and NOx emissions in CI engines via a novel thermodynamic model with constant equivalence ratio zones3
Experimental and simulation studies on combustion and emission characteristics of heavy-duty engines with different ammonia/hydrogen mass ratios and equivalence ratios under low load conditions3
Analysis of combustion chamber deposit growth on temperature swing thermal barrier coatings in a spark ignition engine3
A parametric study to improve first firing cycle emissions of a gasoline direct injection engine during cold start3
RDE cycle simulation by 0D/1D models to investigate IC engine performance and cylinder-out emissions3
Computational study on the influence of needle valve eccentricity on string cavitation characteristics in fuel injector nozzles3
Practical low-temperature gasoline combustion for very high efficiency off-road, medium- and heavy-duty engines3
Numerical analysis of the mixture stratification, combustion and heat losses in an engine with passive TJI pre-chamber operating with hydrated ethanol3
Development of prechamber enabled mixing-controlled combustion strategy for ultra-low methane emissions from lean burn natural gas engines3
Investigations on the effects of injection parameters and EGR in a glow plug assisted methanol fueled Hot Surface Ignition (HSI) Engine3
Empirical estimation of borderline knock onset3
Nonlinear feedforward controller design of gasoline engine air-path system for reducing engine torque overshoot3
Optimization of spray breakup model parameters for predicting fuel spray and film characteristics in gasoline direct injection engines3
Bayesian calibration of engine-out NOx models for engine-to-engine transferability3
Numerical investigation on effects of water-blended methanol on combustion, performance, and NO x emissions of a two-stroke low-speed dual-fuel marin3
Thermal efficiency optimization of a single cylinder gasoline engine based on active jet ignition3
Evaluation of soot emission and wall heat loss for the fuels with high aromatic contents using the coupled analysis of chemical luminescence images with heat flux3
The loosening mechanism of tin-bronze bushing assembled by interference at connecting rod small end of heavy-duty diesel engines3
Editorial: IJER special issue of the 3rd International Conference ICCEMME-2021 focus in Engine Research3
Experimental investigation on effect of gas/spray interactions on transient diesel spray behaviors3
Development and experimental validation of a novel twin injector concept for a biogas diesel RCCI engine3
Computational investigation of a methanol compression ignition engine assisted by a glow plug3
Electrically heated catalyst enabling pollutants reduction in hybrid vehicles fueled with ethanol3
Thermodynamic analysis of the potential application of methanol steam reforming in marine internal combustion engines3
Ducted fuel injection investigation applied in light-duty compression ignition engines3
Numerical study of the atomization performance of coaxial and porous injectors in rocket engine applications3
Experimental and RSM-based optimization of spark-ignition engine performance and emissions using a novel gasoline-ethanol-biogas-hydrogen blend3
A skeletal chemical mechanism for high-pressure ammonia/diesel co-combustion in RCCI engines: Validation and analysis of combustion and emissions3
Study on momentum gradient descent on-line engine calibration algorithm combined with search space division3
Experimental study on combustion instability characteristics in a pre-chamber natural gas engine under lean burn conditions3
Post-oxidation phenomena enhancement with scavenging and secondary air injection in exhaust manifold of a turbocharged GDI engine3
Detailed investigation of pre-ignition in a large spark-ignited hydrogen port fuel injected internal combustion engine by means of optical investigations on a single-cylinder research engine and 3D-CF3
RANS methodology to assess how resolving the near-nozzle flow of an underexpanded H 2 jet impacts mixture stratification3
Effects of vehicle-package constrained inlet bend on turbocharger compression3
Friction assessment of ultralow viscosity lubricant formulations based on a validated elastohydrodynamic simulation3
Experimental study of peripheral fuel injection for higher performance in diesel engines3
Development of a control-oriented physical model for cylinder pressure peak estimation in SI engines3
Cycle variations in soot formation and oxidation for a direct-injection compression ignition engine3
Study on the influence of various factors on block vibration3
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