Biological Reviews

Article	Citations
The Sixth Mass Extinction: fact, fiction or speculation?	324
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses in ecology and evolutionary biology: a PRISMA extension	265
Feeding habits and multifunctional classification of soil‐associated consumers from protists to vertebrates	159
What is a biocrust? A refined, contemporary definition for a broadening research community	141
Biodiversity as insurance: from concept to measurement and application	134
Phenological and elevational shifts of plants, animals and fungi under climate change in the European Alps	132
Global genetic diversity status and trends: towards a suite of Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) for genetic composition	102
Ecosystem services provided by aculeate wasps	100
Two hundred years of zooplankton vertical migration research	98
Acoustic indices as proxies for biodiversity: a meta‐analysis	96
Regulatory mechanisms of lipid biosynthesis in microalgae	94
Assessing ontogenetic maturity in extinct saurian reptiles	90
Understanding the ecological and evolutionary function of stopover in migrating birds	86
The role of land‐use history in driving successional pathways and its implications for the restoration of tropical forests	84
Climate change effects on animal ecology: butterflies and moths as a case study	83
Clinical implications of sperm DNA damage in IVF and ICSI: updated systematic review and meta‐analysis	75
Effects of water temperature on freshwater macroinvertebrates: a systematic review	75
The naked truth: a comprehensive clarification and classification of current ‘myths’ in naked mole‐rat biology	74
Sociability as a personality trait in animals: methods, causes and consequences	73
Producing wood at least cost to biodiversity: integrating Triad and sharing–sparing approaches to inform forest landscape management	72
Poor nutritional condition promotes high‐risk behaviours: a systematic review and meta‐analysis	71
Resolving the SLOSS dilemma for biodiversity conservation: a research agenda	70
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore: an evolving concept critical for cell life and death	70
Global kelp forest restoration: past lessons, present status, and future directions	69
Frontiers in quantifying wildlife behavioural responses to chemical pollution	67

Migration in butterflies: a global overview	66
Wolbachiahost shifts: routes, mechanisms, constraints and evolutionary consequences	66
How fire interacts with habitat loss and fragmentation	65
The effect of natural disturbances on forest biodiversity: an ecological synthesis	64
Seed ‘primeomics’: plants memorize their germination under stress	61
Diverse roles of microbial indole compounds in eukaryotic systems	59
Antarctic ecosystems in transition – life between stresses and opportunities	59
Salt to conserve: a review on the ecology and preservation of hypersaline ecosystems	58
Mechanosensing by Piezo1 and its implications for physiology and various pathologies	58
Whole‐body endothermy: ancient, homologous and widespread among the ancestors of mammals, birds and crocodylians	57
Seagrasses in an era of ocean warming: a review	57
The biology and evolution of spider venoms	57
Multifunctionality of belowground food webs: resource, size and spatial energy channels	55
Fire‐released seed dormancy ‐ a global synthesis	55
Fire as a driver and mediator of predator–prey interactions	55
Recent advances in the remote sensing of insects	54
Plasticity of microglia	54
Omega‐3 PUFA profoundly affect neural, physiological, and behavioural competences – implications for systemic changes in trophic interactions	54
When more is more: taking advantage of species diversity to move towards sustainable aquaculture	53
Riverscape approaches in practice: perspectives and applications	51
Anticipated effects of abiotic environmental change on intraspecific social interactions	49
Chronic stress and Alzheimer's disease: the interplay between the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, genetics and microglia	49
The hallmarks of myotonic dystrophy type 1 muscle dysfunction	49
Speciation across theTree ofLife	48
The role of inputs of marine wrack and carrion in sandy‐beach ecosystems: a global review	48
Behavioural ecology at the spatial–social interface	48
Multi‐level convergence of complex traits and the evolution of bioluminescence	47
Bat responses to climate change: a systematic review	47
Nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment cause declines in invertebrate populations: a global meta‐analysis	46
New insight into dyslipidemia‐induced cellular senescence in atherosclerosis	45
Towards evidence‐based conservation of subterranean ecosystems	45
An integrated, multi‐level analysis of thermal effects on intertidal molluscs for understanding species distribution patterns	44
Social complexity and the fractal structure of group size in primate social evolution	44
Post COVID‐19: a solution scan of options for preventing future zoonotic epidemics	44
Global variation in freshwater physico‐chemistry and its influence on chemical toxicity in aquatic wildlife	43
The PERKs of mitochondria protection during stress: insights for PERK modulation in neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases	43
Experimental nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment stimulates multiple trophic levels of algal and detrital‐based food webs: a global meta‐analysis from streams and rivers	43
A roadmap to plant functional island biogeography	43
A comprehensive synthesis unveils the mysteries of phosphate‐solubilizing microbes	42
A meta‐analysis of sex differences in animal personality: no evidence for the greater male variability hypothesis	41
From theory to practice in pattern‐oriented modelling: identifying and using empirical patterns in predictive models	41
Comparative bioacoustics: a roadmap for quantifying and comparing animal sounds across diverse taxa	41
Expanding insect pollinators in the Anthropocene	41
What can we teach Lymnaea and what can Lymnaea teach us?	41
Direct and indirect effects of climate change on distribution and community composition of macrophytes in lentic systems	40
Circadian rhythms in zebrafish (Danio rerio) behaviour and the sources of their variability	40
Artificial refuges for wildlife conservation: what is the state of the science?	40
Patterns and determinants of dispersal in grey wolves (Canis lupus)	39
Towards an ecology of protective coloration	38
Ecophysiological steps of marine adaptation in extant and extinct non‐avian tetrapods	38

More losers than winners: investigating Anthropocene defaunation through the diversity of population trends	38
A paradigm shift in our view of species drives current trends in biological classification	38
Surprisingly long survival of premature conclusions about naked mole‐rat biology	37
The ecology of electricity and electroreception	36
Carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation using macroalgae: a state of knowledge review	36
A global synthesis of ecosystem services provided and disrupted by freshwater bivalve molluscs	36
Plant susceptible responses: the underestimated side of plant–pathogen interactions	36
A guide to choosing and implementing reference models for social network analysis	35
A review of the osteoderms of lizards (Reptilia: Squamata)	35
Calpain–calpastatin system and cancer progression	35
Learning in non‐avian reptiles 40 years on: advances and promising new directions	35
The locomotion of extinct secondarily aquatic tetrapods	35
Understanding ‘it depends’ in ecology: a guide to hypothesising, visualising and interpreting statistical interactions	35
Wallace's line,Wallacea, and associated divides and areas: history of a tortuous tangle of ideas and labels	35
Odorant‐binding proteins of mammals	34
The singing question: re‐conceptualizing birdsong	34
Delete and survive: strategies of programmed genetic material elimination in eukaryotes	34
Forests are critically important to global pollinator diversity and enhance pollination in adjacent crops	33
The obstetrical dilemma hypothesis: there's life in the old dog yet	33
Pest suppression by bats and management strategies to favour it: a global review	33
Feather function and the evolution of birds	33
Omics‐based molecular analyses of adhesion by aquatic invertebrates	32
A guide to area‐restricted search: a foundational foraging behaviour	32
Avian vocalisations: the female perspective	32
Deciphering the molecular mechanism of stop codon readthrough	32
Animal migrations and parasitism: reciprocal effects within a unified framework	31
The convoluted history of haem biosynthesis	31
Understanding host utilization by mosquitoes: determinants, challenges and future directions	31
Space‐for‐time substitutions in climate change ecology and evolution	31
The integrative biology of genetic dominance	30
What is the status of metabolic theory one century afterPütter invented the vonBertalanffy growth curve?	30
A method for assessing sustainability, with beef production as an example	30
The evolution of sex peptide: sexual conflict, cooperation, and coevolution	30
Litter quality and stream physicochemical properties drive global invertebrate effects on instream litter decomposition	30
Differences in resource acquisition, not allocation, mediate the relationship between behaviour and fitness: a systematic review and meta‐analysis	30
The evolution, ecology, and conservation of hummingbirds and their interactions with flowering plants	29
Convergent evolution of toxin resistance in animals	29
Sex roles and sex ratios in animals	29
Small things are important: the value of singular point elements for birds in agricultural landscapes	28
Life‐history strategies in salmonids: the role of physiology and its consequences	28
Newborn and elderly skin: two fragile skins at higher risk of pressure injury	28
A synthesis of deimatic behaviour	28
Successional theories	28
Convergence and divergence in lizard colour polymorphisms	28
Why do males emerge before females? Sexual size dimorphism drives sexual bimaturism in insects	28
A pan‐metazoan concept for adult stem cells: the wobbling Penrose landscape	28
Extreme weather events threaten biodiversity and functions of river ecosystems: evidence from a meta‐analysis	27
From fibre to function: are we accurately representing muscle architecture and performance?	27
How climate, topography, soils, herbivores, and fire control forest–grassland coexistence in the Eurasian forest‐steppe	27
Meiosis and beyond – understanding the mechanistic and evolutionary processes shaping the germline genome	26
The phenotypic costs of captivity	26
A comprehensive overview of the effects of urbanisation on sexual selection and sexual traits	26
Olfactory camouflage and communication in birds	26
The terrestrial and semi‐aquatic invertebrates of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams	26
Understanding the evolution of viviparity using intraspecific variation in reproductive mode and transitional forms of pregnancy	25
Improving zebrafish laboratory welfare and scientific research through understanding their natural history	25
How feedback and feed‐forward mechanisms link determinants of social dominance	24
Evaluating endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response through the lens of ecology and evolution	24
Why aren't warning signals everywhere? On the prevalence of aposematism and mimicry in communities	24
Vertical stratification of seed‐dispersing vertebrate communities and their interactions with plants in tropical forests	24
Methodological advances for hypothesis‐driven ethnobiology	24
Demographic effects of road mortality on mammalian populations: a systematic review	24
The stele – a developmental perspective on the diversity and evolution of primary vascular architecture	23
Morphology and distribution of scales, dermal ossifications, and other non‐feather integumentary structures in non‐avialan theropod dinosaurs	23
ATP binding cassette importers in eukaryotic organisms	23
The behavioural and physiological ecology of embryos: responding to the challenges of life inside an egg	23
Algal volatiles – the overlooked chemical language of aquatic primary producers	23
A farewell to arms and legs: a review of limb reduction in squamates	23
Biotic homogenisation and differentiation as directional change in beta diversity: synthesising driver–response relationships to develop conceptual models across ecosystems	23
The diet of early birds based on modern and fossil evidence and a new framework for its reconstruction	23
Humoral immune responses to AAV gene therapy in the ocular compartment	23
Recent advances in heteromorph ammonoid palaeobiology	22
Invasion of temperate deciduous broadleaf forests by N‐fixing tree species – consequences for stream ecosystems	22
Broad‐scale climate variation drives the dynamics of animal populations: a global multi‐taxa analysis	22
Eco‐genetics of desiccation resistance in Drosophila	22
A framework to integrate innovations in invasion science for proactive management	22
Temporal resource partitioning mitigates interspecific competition and promotes coexistence among insect parasites	22
Parent–offspring cannibalism throughout the animal kingdom: a review of adaptive hypotheses	21
The importance of considering age when quantifying wild animals’ welfare	21
Insecticide‐contaminated honeydew: risks for beneficial insects	21

Male alternative reproductive tactics and sperm competition: a meta‐analysis	21
The mutualism–antagonism continuum in Neotropical palm–frugivore interactions: from interaction outcomes to ecosystem dynamics	21
Seawater intrusion: an appraisal of taxa at most risk and safe salinity levels	20
Sowing forests: a synthesis of seed dispersal and predation by agoutis and their influence on plant communities	20
Eco‐evolutionary consequences of habitat warming and fragmentation in communities	20
Beneficial intergenerational effects of exercise on brain and cognition: a multilevel meta‐analysis of mean and variance	20
The origin and early evolution of arthropods	20
Molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the adaptability of polyploid plants	20
The secretome of Verticillium dahliae in collusion with plant defence responses modulates Verticillium wilt symptoms	20
The hidden links between animal weapons, fighting style, and their effect on contest success: a meta‐analysis	19
The biomechanics of pollen release: new perspectives on the evolution of wind pollination in angiosperms	19
Taming the terminological tempest in invasion science	18
The effects of endocrine disruptors on the male germline: an intergenerational health risk	18
Towards understanding the extensive diversity of protein N‐glycan structures in eukaryotes	18
Sexual conflict in a changing environment	18
Evolution and patterning of the ovule in seed plants	18
Critical thermal limits in ants and their implications under climate change	18
Social competition as a driver of phenotype–environment correlations: implications for ecology and evolution	18
Who listens to mother? A whole‐family perspective on the evolution of maternal hormone allocation	17
Microbes, metabolites and (synaptic) malleability, oh my! The effect of the microbiome on synaptic plasticity	17
Avian adjustments to cold and non‐shivering thermogenesis: whats, wheres and hows	17
Fish as a model in social neuroscience: conservation and diversity in the social brain network	17
The energetic costs of sub‐lethal helminth parasites in mammals: a meta‐analysis	17
Trade‐off mitigation: a conceptual framework for understanding floral adaptation in multispecies interactions	17
Morphology of the temporal skull region in tetrapods: research history, functional explanations, and a new comprehensive classification scheme	17
Can metabolic traits explain animal community assembly and functioning?	17
Worms and gills, plates and spines: the evolutionary origins and incredible disparity of deuterostomes revealed by fossils, genes, and development	17
Sophistication in a seemingly simple creature: a review of wild holothurian nutrition in marine ecosystems	17
How phenological tracking shapes species and communities in non‐stationary environments	16
The ecological drivers and consequences of wildlife trade	16
The impact of environmental and social factors on learning abilities: a meta‐analysis	16
Passive directed dispersal of plants by animals	16
Programmed ageing: decline of stem cell renewal, immunosenescence, and Alzheimer's disease	16
Social pressure drives “conversational rules” in great apes	16
The science and engineering of stem cell‐derived organoids‐examples from hepatic, biliary, and pancreatic tissues	16
Tactics of evasion: strategies used by signallers to deter eavesdropping enemies from exploiting communication systems	16
Ecological integrity of tropical secondary forests: concepts and indicators	15
Integrative biology of injury in animals	15
What do we know about growth of vessel elements of secondary xylem in woody plants?	15
A conceptual framework to predict social information use based on food ephemerality and individual resource requirements	15
Trade‐offs in carbon‐degrading enzyme activities limit long‐term soil carbon sequestration with biochar addition	15
Ashmole's hypothesis and the latitudinal gradient in clutch size	14
On the move: sloths and their epibionts as model mobile ecosystems	14
Fluorescent nanoparticles as tools in ecology and physiology	14
New insights on the reparative cells in bone regeneration and repair	14
Aliens in caves: the global dimension of biological invasions in subterranean ecosystems	13
Origin and evolution of fungus farming in wood‐boringColeoptera – a palaeontological perspective	13
The complex role of microbial metabolic activity in fossilization	13
Coastal peat‐beds and peatlands of the southern North Sea: their past, present and future	13
Analysis of the genetic loci of pigment pattern evolution in vertebrates	13
Motor function recovery: deciphering a regenerative niche at the neuromuscular synapse	13
The ephemeral resource patch concept	13
On the paradox of thriving cold‐water coral reefs in the food‐limited deep sea	13
Quantitative meta‐analysis reveals no association between mercury contamination and body condition in birds	12
Testicular heat stress, a historical perspective and two postulates for why male germ cells are heat sensitive	12
How plants affect amphibian populations	12
The Method of Local Restriction: in search of potential great ape culture‐dependent forms	11
Microbiome mediation of animal life histories via metabolites and insulin‐like signalling	11
Impacts of volcanic eruptions and early recovery in freshwater environments and organisms	11
Intentional communication: solving methodological issues to assigning first‐order intentional signalling	11
Interaction between nanomaterials and the innate immune system across evolution	11
Estimating counterfactuals for evaluation of ecological and conservation impact: an introduction to matching methods	11
Global meta‐analysis of tree decline impacts on fauna	11
Four errors and a fallacy: pitfalls for the unwary in comparative brain analyses	11
Changing our view of the Schistosoma granuloma to an ecological standpoint	11
Habitat split as a driver of disease in amphibians	11
The conundrum of pharyngeal teeth origin: the role of germ layers, pouches, and gill slits	11
Impacts of anthropogenic climate change on tropical montane forests: an appraisal of the evidence	11
The behavioural ecology of marine cleaning mutualisms	11
Exploring the causes and consequences of cooperative behaviour in wild animal populations using a social network approach	11
Are hippos Africa's most influential megaherbivore? A review of ecosystem engineering by the semi‐aquatic common hippopotamus	10
Beringia as a high‐latitude engine of avian speciation	10
Coral recruitment: patterns and processes determining the dynamics of coral populations	10
The Staufen1‐dependent cell cycle regulon or how a misregulated RNA‐binding protein leads to cancer	10
A phylogenetic and functional perspective on the origin and evolutionary shifts of growth ring anatomical markers in seed plants	10
Shared and unique features of mammalian sleep spindles – insights from new and old animal models	10
Carotenoid ornaments and the spandrels of physiology: a critique of theory to explain condition dependency	10
Spatiotemporal regulation of maternal mRNAs during vertebrate oocyte meiotic maturation	10
Uncovering the ‘sphinx’ of sphingosine 1‐phosphate signalling: from cellular events to organ morphogenesis	10
Mechanisms of group‐hunting in vertebrates	10
Deciphering structural aspects of reverse cholesterol transport: mapping the knowns and unknowns	10
False alarms and information transmission in grouping animals	10
The Galápagos Islands: biogeographic patterns and geology	10
The ecological significance of time sense in animals	10
Vertical stratification patterns of tropical forest vertebrates: a meta‐analysis	10
Optionality in animal communication: a novel framework for examining the evolution of arbitrariness	10
Human torpor: translating insights from nature into manned deep space expedition	10
Strategies of plants to overcome abiotic and biotic stresses	9
The thermal environment as a moderator of social evolution	9
The persistence and evolutionary consequences of vestigial behaviours	9
Consistent trade‐offs in ecosystem services between land covers with different production intensities	9
The rise of hyperabundant native generalists threatens both humans and nature	9
Animal linguistics: a primer	9
Chasing footprints in time – reframing our understanding of human foot function in the context of current evidence and emerging insights	9
Moments of weaknesses – exploiting vulnerabilities between germination and encystment in the Phytomyxea	9