Journalism Studies

Article	Citations
The Spanish Civil War from Exile: Testimony and Fiction in Heroes and Beasts of Spain by Manuel Chaves Nogales	89
The Pandemic in Our Country, the Pandemic in Their Countries: News Values and Media Representation of the COVID-19 Pandemic	47
Feigning Indignance, Reinstating Power: Paradigm Repair and the Publishing of Ingrid Escamilla’s Murdered Body in the Mexican Press	39
Examining Assumptions Around How News Avoidance Gets Defined: The Importance of Overall News Consumption, Intention, and Structural Inequalities	38
Mitigating Risks to Journalists in the 2014 Gaza War	38
Does the Political Context Shape How “Due Impartiality” is Interpreted? An Analysis of BBC Reporting of the 2019 UK and 2020 US Election Campaigns	36
Preparing for Risks and Building Resilience	31
Reflecting, Regulating, Adapting: Metacognition’s Role in Journalism Practices	29
The Humanitarian Crisis in the Media: Framing Analysis of Rohingya-Related International News Using BERTopic	28
Lost in Translation? How Structural, Individual, and Professional Factors Hinder AI Adoption in Investigative Journalism	28
How News Organizations Coordinate, Select, and Edit Content for Social Media Platforms: A Systematic Literature Review	27
Journalism Versus Churnalism: How News Factors in Press Releases Affect Journalistic Processing of Ocean Plastic Research in Newspapers Globally	26
Break a Story: Examining the Effects of Instagram Stories from News Accounts on Adolescents’ Political Learning	26
Science Journalism in the Arab Region: Perennial Problems and Potential Solutions	26
Trans News Matters: Media Coverage and Trans Minors’ Social Transitions in the Basque Country	25
Making Sense of Climate Change: The Challenges and Promises of Embodied Climate Journalism	25
Gatekeeping, News Values and Selection: Factors Determining the Newsworthiness of Hate Crimes	25
Covering Environment and Climate Change in Turkey: Transformative Journalisms Face Competitive Authoritarianism	25
Journalists’ Apprehension of Being Politically Correct: A Source of Racial Stereotyping of Street Harassment Perpetrators in the Press	25
“Not the Whole Story”: The On Being Podcast and Journalism as a Healing Art	23
Trolling or Astroturfing? Tracing Terminological Drift and Its Democratic Costs in Turkish Political Journalism	23
Journalistic Discourse on Disruptive News Ventures Launched by Media Insiders	23
Patterns of News Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis: A 2.5 Year Longitudinal Study in the Netherlands	22
News Sourcing Practices in Climate Reporting in Indonesia	22
Unprecedented Times in Journalism: Emotional Stress and Covering the COVID-19 Pandemic	22

The Ida B. Wells Effect: A Novel Computational Analysis of US Newspaper Lynching Coverage, 1805–1963	22
Social Media Policies as Social Control in the Newsroom: A Case Study of the New York Times on Twitter	21
Correction	20
Survival Games: Understanding Journalistic and Extra-Journalistic Practices and Pursuits of Small-Town Stringers in South India	20
The Messenger (not the Medium) Is the Message? Uncovering Journalists’ Perceptions of Digital Disinformation in Conflict Countries	20
“Let’s Not Tank the Reputation of This Organization.” How Newsroom Social Media Policies Exacerbate Journalism’s Labor Crisis	19
When Journalists are Voiceless: How Lifestyle Journalists Cover Hate and Mitigate Harassment	19
Bodying the War Correspondent: Deploying Creative Practice to Explore the Reporter's Body as a Sense-Making Tool	18
Unpacking Algorithmic News Engagement: How News Values Shape Audience Behaviors on Chinese TikTok (Douyin)	17
News Diversity in Decline? A Longitudinal Analysis (2003–2023) of Actor and Topic Diversity in Broadcast News	17
How Journalists Deal with Inclusion and Objectivity: Three Models of Social Justice Coverage	17
Recentering News in Journalism Studies: A Response to Journalism Studies for Realists	17
Authoritarian Influences: Interactivity Within the Hierarchy of Influences Model	17
Is Press Freedom Better Protected in Democracies? Internet Shutdown and Journalism in India	17
Re-centring Community, Care, and Curiosity in a Decentred Journalism Studies: A Response to Journalism Studies for Realists	16
Navigating Connections and Disconnections: The (Re)making of Russian Exiled Journalism in the Digital Age	16
The Good, the Bad, and the Evil Media: Influence of Online Comments on Media Trust	15
The Quality of COVID-19 Coverage: Investigating Relevance and Viewpoint Diversity in German Mainstream and Alternative Media	15
How Safe Is Journalism? Unpacking Risks and Implications for the Profession in Romania	15
Identifying Major Components of Solutions-Oriented Journalism: A Review to Guide Future Research	15
Deride and Conquer: Solidarity and Competition When Journalists are Challenged by Populist Leaders	15
News Automation and Algorithmic Transparency in the Newsroom: The Case of the Washington Post	15
Factors Influencing the Journalistic Circulation of Traumatic Images: The Case of Alan Kurdi	14
From Precariously Managing Risks to Building Social Resilience: The Safety of Women Journalists in Brazil	14
News Translation as Media Work in Agency Journalism? Evidence from United News of India Urdu	14
The Gap Between What They Say and What They Do: Journalists’ Role Conception and Role Performance in Socialist-Communist Context	14
Supporting National Science Journalism through International Organization: The Creation of the Ibero-American Association of Science Journalism	14
Patterns of Persistence: Studying News Repertoires Before, During, and After Covid-19	13
Harassed for Their Job: Exploring Factors That Render Journalists Prone to Harassment and Intimidation	13
Journalistic Careers and Gender in Brazil: Impasses and Inequalities between Men and Women in the Profession	13
Media Capture and Journalism as Emotional Labor: How Do Media Professionals Manage Bureaucratic Violence in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq?	13
Do No Harm, Do Not Swarm: Storied Experiences of Mass Shooting Survivors with Journalists	13
Is a Brand Journalist Just Another Journalist? Examining Differences and Similarities in the Self-Perceptions of Their Professional Roles and Ethical Orientations	12
Solutions-oriented Framing and Responsibility Attribution in Urban Youth Crime: Effects on Policy Support and the Mediating Role of Emotions and Social Inequality Perception	12
Trend Journalism: Definition, History, and Critique	12
Networks of War/Peace Journalism on Twitter. Comparing Inter-Individual Differences in German Political Journalists’ Framing of the Russian-Ukrainian War	12
Care-Based Practices in Health News: Why and How U.S. Health Journalists Include Exemplars in Their Reporting	12
The People’s Advocate: Exploring Journalistic Roles in Socialist Bulgaria	12
“It’s the Economy, Stupid!”, Is it not? The Relationship between Press Freedom and the Status of the Economy in Western Media Systems	12
Conceptualizations, Contentions and Systemic Conditions: A Response to Competing for Cultural Authority	11
On Controlled Change: Generative AI’s Impact on Professional Authority in Journalism	11
Conceptualizing Local News “Ecosystems” in the United States: An Assessment of Local News Census Research	11
Correcting False Information: Journalistic Coverage During the 2016 and 2020 US Elections	11
Scandinavian Hyperpartisans Prevail? News Use on Facebook During the Covid-19 Pandemic	11
From Delegitimisation to Conditional Legitimacy: Media Slant and Multimodal Framing of Quran-Burning Protests	11
An Intersectional Analysis of Aotearoa New Zealand Journalists’ Online and Offline Experiences of Abuse, Threats and Violence	11
Data Journalism: A Systematic Literature Review	11
The Ritual of Objectivity vs. the Ritual of Emotionality: Emotion Display and the Credibility of Virtual Newscasters	10
Chinese Journalists’ Witnessing Practice in Health Disasters	10
Professional Ideals of Data Journalists Around the Globe: Congruencies and Divergences Between Role Conceptions and Narrated Role Performances	10

A Game Worth the Candle? French Journalists and Their Illusio in the Face of Disinformation	10
“I do not Feel Like Watching the News”: News Avoidance among Economically Disadvantaged Girls and Young Women in India	10
Why Do Social Media Users Accept, Doubt or Resist Corrective Information? A Qualitative Analysis of Comments in Response to Corrective Information on Social Media	10
Blurred Boundaries of Journalism to Guarantee Safety: Approaches of Resistance and Resilience for Investigative Journalism in Latin America	10
News Coping and Resistance: An Examination of Entertainment as Self-Care in the Digital Black Press	9
Journalism and Source Criticism. Revised Approaches to Assessing Truth-Claims	9
Housing News and the Enrolment of Publics into the Asset Economy in Aotearoa New Zealand	9
Can Fighting Misinformation Have a Negative Spillover Effect? How Warnings for the Threat of Misinformation Can Decrease General News Credibility	9
Commercial News as Cultural Form	9
Worsening Safety Conditions for Women Journalists in Turkey’s Alternative News Media	9
Trust Through Relationships in Journalism	9
Quantifying Community Interest: A Study on the Role of Audience Metrics in Hyperlocal Journalism	9
Rethinking Food Media: Food Journalism as an Invitation to Identity, Democratic Worldmaking, and Food Sovereignty	9
Risks and Resilience in the Case of Brazilian Female Journalists: How Women Perceive Violence Against Media Professionals and Cope with its Effects	9
Bound by Exile: Exploring Kinship Dynamics and Role Perceptions among Diaspora Journalists	8
Converting Online News Visitors to Subscribers: Exploring the Effectiveness of Paywall Strategies Using Behavioural Data	8
The Legacy of the Sociology of News Paradigm: Continuities, Changes, and Ironies	8
Engagement as Revenue in Journalism: Turning Community, Comments, and Access into Economic Viability	8
Science Journalism in Pakistan: The Challenges Faced by Environmental Reporters	8
Navigating Platform Dependency: Four Strategic Approaches for Social Media News Publishing	8
True Crime Podcasting as Journalistic Heterodoxy: Boundary Practices and Journalistic Epistemology of a Heretic Interloper	8
“I Hope my Partner Will Keep me up-to-date”: How Couples Navigate News Consumption and Avoidance	8
Parrhesia as Journalism: Learning from the Truth- and Justice-seeking Women Journalists of twentieth Century Turkey	8
Shifting Sources, Shifting Views: How Public Opinion Sources Influence Journalists’ Audience Perceptions	8
Liking, Commenting, Sharing: Journalistic Intermediation Practices on Digital Platforms	8
Journalists’ Harassment Experience Influencing Coping and Job Satisfaction in Korea: The Moderating Role of Organizational Support and Gender Differences	8
Chickens, Inc.: Was UK Newspapers’ Framing of the Chicken Meat Production Industry Compatible with Holding Corporate Power to Account?	8
Serving the Public Interest? A Computational Analysis of the Topics of UK National Newspaper Coverage Using Freedom of Information (FOI) Requests Between 2005 and 2023	8
“I can’t be neutral or centrist in a debate over my own humanity”: A Study of Disagreements Between Journalists and Editors, and What They Tell Us About Objectivity	8
Media, Democracy and Pluralism: Exploring a Radical Response to the Crisis of Journalism	8
Rectifying Harm Through Care-Based Practices: How Journalists Might Tend to Disengaged Communities	8
Beech Trees, Springtime, Cultures and Climates – Seasonal Journalism in Danish News Media from 1849 to 2023	8
Competing for Cultural Authority: Journalism Studies Must Account for the Right	8
Demarcation and Refugee Hate: Framing of Refugees in News and its Impact on Hate Speech in Public Comments	8
Consumers’ Paying Intent for Public Service Media in Spain: The Effect of RTVE Service Quality, Citizens’ Expenditure, and the Moderating Role of Age	7
Journalistic Values and Expertise in Platform News Distribution: The Possibilities and Limitations of Participatory Panels for Algorithmic Governance	7
The Impact of Testimony Journalism on Audience Engagement: An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Point of View	7
Power-Interactional Expertise: Negotiating Journalistic Autonomy during the Catalan Crisis at El País	7
Local Journalists as Brokers: Conceptualizing Information Relationships in Rural Communities	7
Recoding Journalism: Establishing Normative Dimensions for a Twenty-First Century News Media	7
More Than Justifications an Analysis of Information Needs in Explanations and Motivations to Disable Personalization	7
Complicity and Revictimization: Discursive Violence in Mexican and U.S. Press Coverage of Mexican Journalist Killings	7
Indian Journalism’s Rightward Turn: A Response to Competing for Cultural Authority	7
Now Hiring Social Media Editors	7
Social Actors and Storylines in the Coverage of Russian-Ukrainian War in English and Polish-Language Tabloids	7
Framing the U.S. and Russia Coverage: The Limited Agency of Foreign Correspondents and the Reproduction of Bias in the News	7
“Mobs” or “Pro-democracy Protesters”: A Comparative Analysis of US and Chinese News Discourses of Domestic and Foreign Protests	7
Election Promise Tracking: Extending the Shelf Life of Democracy in Digital Journalism Practice and Scholarship	7
An Audience Turn in Right-wing Media Studies: A Response to Competing for Cultural Authority	7
Frequencies, Drivers, and Solutions to News Non-Attendance: Investigating Differences Between Low News Usage and News (Topic) Avoidance with Conversational Agents	7
Mapping Automation in Journalism Studies 2010–2019: A Literature Review	7
When Sources Contradict: The Epistemological Functions of Contradiction in News Texts	6
Rethinking Journalist-Politician Relations Using a Small State Framework: Mobile Generalists, Personal Closeness and Professional Distance	6
Covering COVID: Changes in Work Routines and Journalists’ Well-being in Singapore	6
Sandbox Journalism: The Role of Media Labs as Innovation Drivers in European News Organisations	6
Decolonizing Journalism Education to Create Civic and Responsible Journalists in the West	6
Watching the Whole World: The Media Framing of Foreign Countries in US News and its Antecedents	6
Two Mindsets among U.S. Journalists: Neutral & Activist	6
Framing Energy: A Content Analysis of Spanish Press Energy Issue Coverage from an Environmental Approach in the Context of Climate Change	6
Bodily Realities in Digital Journalism: The Role of User-Generated Content in Embodied Witnessing	6
Different Country, Different Truth? A Cross-Country Comparison of Fact-Checking Journalism During Public Health Crises	6
Centrist Language, Camouflaged Ideology: Assembled Text-Based Content on Mainstream and Ideological News Podcasts	6
Avoiding News is Hard Work, or is it? A Closer Look at the Work of News Avoidance among Frequent and Infrequent Consumers of News	6
Boundaries, Barriers, and Champions: Understanding Digital Security Education in US Journalism Programs	6
In Solidarity: Undocuqueer Identities and Politics in U.S. Spanish-Language Ethnic Media	6
“Migration of Authority” and Algorithm Training: Journalistic Roles in the Face of ChatGPT	6
Young People and News: A Systematic Literature Review	6
Exhausted and Under Pressure: Emotional Labor in Portuguese Journalism	6
Professionalizing Emotions as Reflective Engagement in Emerging Forms of Journalism	6
Climate Change Journalism in Norway—Working with Frequency Around the “Green Shift”	6
Community-First Criticism: Reviewing Art and Culture in Local Newspapers	5
What is Popular Gets More Popular? Exploring Over-Time Dynamics in Article Readership Using Real-World Log Data	5
A Little of that Human Touch: How Regular Journalists Redefine Their Expertise in the Face of Artificial Intelligence	5
Indifferent About Online Traffic: The Posting Strategies of Five News Outlets During Musk’s Acquisition of Twitter	5
Sourcing Dis/Information: How Swedish and Ukrainian Journalists Source, Verify, and Mediate Journalistic Truth During the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict	5
Industrial Production of Post-industrial Products: How Interactive Visualizations Miss Their Potential as a Journalistic Form of Knowledge	5
Pointing Fingers in the Disinformation Era: How Journalists and Politicians Perceive Each Other’s Role in Spreading Disinformation and Its Impact on their Relationship	5
“Either We’re Saved, or We’re Doomed”: Exploring Identity Shifts and Memorialization in Buzzfeed News’ Oral History	5
Why Pursue a Career in Journalism? Towards a Renewed Sociology of Journalists	5
Whose Voices Shape Protest Narratives? Comparing Source Diversity in Kenya’s Digital-Native and Legacy-Affiliated News Coverage	5

How and Why People Consume News: Studying News Use and Its Enablers in Context of Media Repertoires	5
Not All Parties are Treated Equally Journalist Perceptions of Partisan News Bias	5
African Journalists at Crossroads: Examining the Impact of China, US, and the UK’s Short-Journalism Training Programs Offered to African Journalists	5
When Journalists Share Their Happy Feelings: Affective Connection as a Source of Reliability in Personal Journalism	5
Decoding Correction Strategies: How Fact-Checkers Uncover Falsehoods Across Countries	5
Decolonial Agents in La Coyuntura — Narrated Roles of Independent Media Journalists in Bolivia and Peru	5
“Democracy Dies in Book Deals”: The Ethics of Journalists Withholding Scoops for their Books	5
Journalism and Embodied Knowledge: Conceptualizing Affective Epistemology and Epistemic Affordances of Emotions and Affect Across News Beats	5
Testing Constructive Journalism’s Effects on Stigma, Trust, and Engagement	5
Ripped from the Headlines: Contemporary Practices in the Adaptation of Journalism as Screen Fiction	5
No More Market-Driven Than Hard News: Lifestyle Journalists' Market Drive and Perceived Audience Obligations	5
Disruptions in Normalization: Reflexive Monitoring in Journalism Adaptation and Audience Collaboration	5
Effects of Emotional Labor Engagement on Job Burnout: A Study of Chinese Frontline Reporters	5
Fake News in Metajournalistic Discourse	5
“You’d be Right to Indulge Some Skepticism”: Trust-building Strategies in Future-oriented News Discourse	5
Conspiracy Theorists as Alternative Journalists	5
Introduction: Journalism Studies and the Global South- Theory, Practice and Pedagogy	5
Journalism Education as Scientific Education: Research University Students’ Engagement with Knowledge	5
Beyond “ Fixing”: The Liminality of “ Local” Media Workers in Beirut	4
Journalism Between Science and Development—A Decolonised and Dewesternised Normative Framework	4
Note	4
Conceptualizing the Co-evolution of Journalism and Public Relations: Toward a Theory of Branded News Content’s Hybrid Forms	4
Introduction: Understanding Roots and Betweenness Defining Safety of Journalists as a Sub-field of Research. Reading between the Lines	4
Navigating the Research Landscape of Algorithm-Driven Journalism: A Systematic Literature Review of Authorship, Research Trends, and Future Research Pathways	4
Deprofessionalization of U.S. Sports Journalism? Exploring Metajournalistic Discourse Through the Case of Sports Illustrated and Generative AI	4
Reading a Snippet on a News Aggregator vs. Clicking through the Full Story: Roles of Perceived News Importance, News Efficacy, and News-Finds-Me Perception	4
Connecting Perceived Worthwhileness to News Consumption Patterns and Algorithm Recommendations on Chinese Social Media Bilibili	4
Correction	4
The Precarity Trap: Modelling Non-Democratic Journalistic Practices Beyond Media Capture	4
What Journalists Say News Literacy Is	4
Reshaping Protest Coverage Through Translation: A Case Study of the 2019 Hong Kong Protests	4
The Role of Organisational Factors and Working Conditions for the Autonomy of Journalists in an Unstable Economy	4
Perceptions of Imagery in Tragic News: A Comparative Study of News Audiences	4
Missionaries of Excellence? Post-award Role Orientations of Journalism Prize Winners	4
Sports News Media and Coming Out of Lesbian Athletes: Perspective from Non-Western News Outlets	4
Learning from Indigenous Journalism: A Case for Standpoint Journalism	4
Theorizing “Co-operative Advantage” in News-Markets: Rethinking Media-Ownership, Renewing the Sociology of Journalism’s Radical Tradition, and Reframing Democratic Media Reform	4
Quality Journalism in Social Media – What We Know and Where We Need to Dig Deeper	4
Navigating Public Service and Profit-Making Mandates: The Case of the Daily Graphic Newspaper	4
Conspiracy in the Making: The Role of Journalistic Strategies in the Formation of New Conspiracy Beliefs	4
Selection and Construction in the Science News Cycle: A Belgian Case Study of University Press Release Newsworthiness During the COVID-19 Pandemic	3
Reviving the Balance Norm? Navigating Tensions Between Objectivity and Advocacy in Journalism on Climate Solutions	3
Constructing the Bodies of the Female AI News Presenters: Biometric Replication, Gendered Standardization, and Subjectivity Reconstruction	3
“The Body Has a Lot to Do with the Actual Journalism”: A Phenomenological Analysis of Embodiment in Journalism	3
New Guests Crashing the Party: A Typology of Journalistic Collaboration	3
The Clashing Roles and Logics of Marginalized Journalists: Comparing the Cases of Zimbabwean Journalists and Black U.S. Journalists	3
Educating for a Changing Media Landscape: Four Scenarios for Journalism Education in 2030	3
Will They Defend Their Own? A Critical Discourse Analysis and Comparison of Corporate News Media and NewsGuild Coverage of Journalists’ Labor Strikes	3
Revelation, Reckoning and Recovery: Bearing Witness Proximally in Local Journalism	3
Journalists at the Frontline: Recognising and Managing Emotions in the Face of Conflict and Terrorism in Burkina Faso	3
Telling a Different Story: A Longitudinal Investigation of News Diversity in Four Countries	3
Designing and Delivering Experiential Journalism Tasks in Online Environments: A Framework Grounded in Cognitive Apprenticeship Theory	3
Newsrooms as Sites of Community and Identity: Exploring the Importance of Material Place for Journalistic Work	3
Dissecting Social Media Journalism: A Comparative Study Across Platforms, Outlets and Countries	3
Ritual Reinforcement: Habit, Emotion, and Identity as Attributes of Trust in News	3
Eye and I are One: The Objectivity Norm and (dis)Embodied Photojournalist Eyewitnessing as Scopic Regime	3
Introduction: Understanding Social Media Journalism	3
Between Two Crises: News Framing of Migration during the Greek-Turkish Border Crisis and COVID-19 in Greece	3
Unpacking the Nuances of Agenda-Setting in the Online Media Environment: An Hourly-Event Approach in the Context of Chinese Economic News	3
Tracing Connections: Understanding Proximity in a Local Newspaper Over Time	3
Where Do Politicians End, and Journalists Begin? Mediating Political Intentions Through the Eyes of Journalists	3
Beyond “Online Notice-Me”: Analysing Online Harassment Experiences of Journalists in Nigeria	3
Maintaining a Freelance Career: How Journalists Generate and Evaluate Freelance Work	3
News Avoidance and Poverty: Intersectional Marginalization in the Norwegian “Media Welfare State”	3
The Influence of Conflict News on Audience Digital Engagement	3
Journalists as Mindful Users of Language (Change): Gender-Inclusive Spanish in Argentinian News	3
Investigating Media Populism Worldwide	3
Why People Rely on Fact-Checkers? Testing Theses of “Perceived Severity of Fake News” and “Disappointment in News Media”	3
The Promise and Risks of a Constructive Turn: A Response to “Constructive Research: Making Journalism Research Matter”	3
Audio Journalism: An Epistemology of Bodily Engagements with Sounds	3
Rethinking “Sustainability” as a Multidimensional Conceptual Framework for Local Journalism Studies	3
Identifying Investigative Pieces	3
Politicisation of Science in COVID-19 Editorial Cartoons: A Comparative Study of Cartoons in Australia, South Africa and the United Kingdom	3
Popularity-driven Metrics: Audience Analytics and Shifting Opinion Power to Digital Platforms	3
Political Tolerance and Forms of Active News Avoidance	3
Boundary Work in the Nordic Media Model: Metajournalistic Discourse on Alternative Media in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden	3
The Body and its Place in Immersive Journalism	3
Professionalization of Fact-Checking and Its Constraints in a Non-Democratic Context: The Case of Hong Kong	3
The Dynamics of Political Interest and News Media Avoidance: A Generational and Longitudinal Perspective	3
Enemies Within: Entrepreneurial Agents of Media Autocratisation in Hong Kong’s Press System	3
Expressive News Preferences: Identity-Signaling in News Selection	3
Assessing the Role of Proximity, Authenticity, and Professionalism in Struggles Over Journalistic Authority in Fan Communities	3
From Counterpublic to the Mainstream: The New Black Press and the Public Sphere	3
How Loyalty Works: Why Do People Continue Their Relationship with Journalism?	3
Reporting Trauma: Conflict Journalists’ Exposure to Potentially Traumatizing Events, Short- and Long-Term Consequences, and Coping Behavior	3
Contrasting Frames: Visual Coverage at Urban and Regional News Outlets in Australia and China	3
Arab News Sources and Practices in Times of Crisis: Challenges and Opportunities for Sociology of News Research	3
Expecting Humans, Encountering Machines: An Expectancy Violations Theory Approach to Generative AI in Journalism	3