International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article	Citations
Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	984
Mechanisms of Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Chemotherapy	796
The Chemistry of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Revisited: Outlining Their Role in Biological Macromolecules (DNA, Lipids and Proteins) and Induced Pathologies	708
NRF2, a Transcription Factor for Stress Response and Beyond	639
Gastric Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Classification, Genomic Characteristics and Treatment Strategies	610
The Roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Human Diseases	587
Analytical Methods Used in Determining Antioxidant Activity: A Review	569
Macrophage Polarization States in the Tumor Microenvironment	545
Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Applications	497
The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) in Autoimmune Disease and Current TNF-α Inhibitors in Therapeutics	492
A Review of SARS-CoV-2 and the Ongoing Clinical Trials	483
Pathophysiology and Treatment of Stroke: Present Status and Future Perspectives	449
Spinal Cord Injury: Pathophysiology, Multimolecular Interactions, and Underlying Recovery Mechanisms	438
TNMplot.com: A Web Tool for the Comparison of Gene Expression in Normal, Tumor and Metastatic Tissues	406
Metabolic Syndrome: Updates on Pathophysiology and Management in 2021	377
Nutritional Indices for Assessing Fatty Acids: A Mini-Review	371
Regulation of Plant Responses to Salt Stress	363
Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Association with Signalling Pathways in Inflammation, Glucose and Lipid Metabolism	360
Neurotrophic Factor BDNF, Physiological Functions and Therapeutic Potential in Depression, Neurodegeneration and Brain Cancer	337
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms	325
Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020	324
A Review of Exosomal Isolation Methods: Is Size Exclusion Chromatography the Best Option?	317
PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer: From Molecular Landscape to Clinical Aspects	292
Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms in Ischemic Stroke: Focus on Cardioembolic Stroke, Background, and Therapeutic Approaches	291
The PI3K-AKT-mTOR Pathway and Prostate Cancer: At the Crossroads of AR, MAPK, and WNT Signaling	281

ROS Homeostasis in Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants	277
The MTT Assay: Utility, Limitations, Pitfalls, and Interpretation in Bulk and Single-Cell Analysis	276
COVID-19 and Individual Genetic Susceptibility/Receptivity: Role of ACE1/ACE2 Genes, Immunity, Inflammation and Coagulation. Might the Double X-Chromosome in Females Be Protective against SARS-CoV-2 C	269
The Flavonoid Biosynthesis Network in Plants	258
Fabrication and Applications of Microfluidic Devices: A Review	248
Conventional and Molecular Techniques from Simple Breeding to Speed Breeding in Crop Plants: Recent Advances and Future Outlook	246
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An Audacious Pathogen with an Adaptable Arsenal of Virulence Factors	237
Current and Future Development in Lung Cancer Diagnosis	232
A New Era of Antibiotics: The Clinical Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides	232
Transport of Extracellular Vesicles across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Brain Pharmacokinetics and Effects of Inflammation	229
Gut Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids: Implications in Glucose Homeostasis	224
Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis	212
Lysosomal Exocytosis, Exosome Release and Secretory Autophagy: The Autophagic- and Endo-Lysosomal Systems Go Extracellular	211
Seafood Waste as Attractive Source of Chitin and Chitosan Production and Their Applications	209
The Role of Lipid Metabolism in COVID-19 Virus Infection and as a Drug Target	206
Regulation of ROS Metabolism in Plants under Environmental Stress: A Review of Recent Experimental Evidence	205
Hepcidin-Ferroportin Interaction Controls Systemic Iron Homeostasis	205
Functional Relationship between Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis in Tissue Regeneration	204
Ferroptosis Mechanisms Involved in Neurodegenerative Diseases	200
Vascular Calcification—New Insights into Its Mechanism	200
Silk Fibroin as a Functional Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering	199
Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio: An Emerging Marker of the Relationships between the Immune System and Diseases	196
Adipokines and Obesity. Potential Link to Metabolic Disorders and Chronic Complications	196
The Basic Properties of Gold Nanoparticles and their Applications in Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment	194
Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense in Plants under Salinity	193
Safe Nanoparticles: Are We There Yet?	193
Anti-Inflammatory Drugs as Anticancer Agents	192
Chronic Low Grade Inflammation in Pathogenesis of PCOS	191
Effects of Ketone Bodies on Brain Metabolism and Function in Neurodegenerative Diseases	190
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Drug Metabolism in Humans	190
Potential Mechanisms of Bisphenol A (BPA) Contributing to Human Disease	190
Ambient Air Pollution Increases the Risk of Cerebrovascular and Neuropsychiatric Disorders through Induction of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress	188
Cytokines and Chemokines Involved in Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis	187
CC Chemokines in a Tumor: A Review of Pro-Cancer and Anti-Cancer Properties of the Ligands of Receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CCR4	187
Cinnamic Acid Derivatives and Their Biological Efficacy	186
Roles of Autophagy in Oxidative Stress	185
Neuroprotective Effect of Antioxidants in the Brain	183
Ferroptosis in Liver Diseases: An Overview	183
Regulation of Filaggrin, Loricrin, and Involucrin by IL-4, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-22, AHR, and NRF2: Pathogenic Implications in Atopic Dermatitis	182
An Overview of Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegenerative Diseases	181
CRISPR-Cas9 DNA Base-Editing and Prime-Editing	180
Fibromyalgia: Pathogenesis, Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment Options Update	180
Large-Scale Plasma Analysis Revealed New Mechanisms and Molecules Associated with the Host Response to SARS-CoV-2	179
An Overview of Coumarin as a Versatile and Readily Accessible Scaffold with Broad-Ranging Biological Activities	178
Sex-Specific SARS-CoV-2 Mortality: Among Hormone-Modulated ACE2 Expression, Risk of Venous Thromboembolism and Hypovitaminosis D	178
Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Immunosuppressive Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review	177
Multiple Functions of MYB Transcription Factors in Abiotic Stress Responses	176
Terpenes and Terpenoids in Plants: Interactions with Environment and Insects	176
The Immune Functions of Keratinocytes in Skin Wound Healing	174
Ionic Liquids Toxicity—Benefits and Threats	173

A Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2	172
mRNA Vaccine Era—Mechanisms, Drug Platform and Clinical Prospection	172
Historical Perspective: Models of Parkinson’s Disease	172
Role of Cadherins in Cancer—A Review	172
Cold Atmospheric Plasma: A Powerful Tool for Modern Medicine	171
Lactic Acid and an Acidic Tumor Microenvironment suppress Anticancer Immunity	170
Essential Oils as Antiviral Agents, Potential of Essential Oils to Treat SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An In-Silico Investigation	169
Inflammation-Related Biomarkers for the Prediction of Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer Patients	166
Advances in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery	164
CC Chemokines in a Tumor: A Review of Pro-Cancer and Anti-Cancer Properties of Receptors CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, and CCR10 Ligands	164
Function and Mechanism of Jasmonic Acid in Plant Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses	162
Neurodegeneration and Inflammation—An Interesting Interplay in Parkinson’s Disease	161
Spheroids as a Type of Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures—Examples of Methods of Preparation and the Most Important Application	161
Oxidative Stress, Plant Natural Antioxidants, and Obesity	160
Osteocyte-Related Cytokines Regulate Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption	160
MYB-Mediated Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis	160
Recent Updates of Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment on Osteoarthritis of the Knee	159
Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation in Crowded Environments	159
Chitosan and Cellulose-Based Hydrogels for Wound Management	158
Focus on the Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Diseases	158
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in Neurodegenerative Diseases	157
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration and Muscle Reinnervation	157
The PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Cells	157
Plant Responses to Heat Stress: Physiology, Transcription, Noncoding RNAs, and Epigenetics	157
Lipotoxicity and Diabetic Nephropathy: Novel Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities	157
Endothelial Dysfunction, Inflammation and Coronary Artery Disease: Potential Biomarkers and Promising Therapeutical Approaches	156
Biological Properties and Prospects for the Application of Eugenol—A Review	156
Molecular Mechanisms of Colon Cancer Progression and Metastasis: Recent Insights and Advancements	156
Association of the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) with Cisplatin Resistance	156
Overview of Dual-Acting Drug Methotrexate in Different Neurological Diseases, Autoimmune Pathologies and Cancers	154
Type 3 Diabetes and Its Role Implications in Alzheimer’s Disease	154
Skin Barrier Abnormalities and Immune Dysfunction in Atopic Dermatitis	153
3D Cell Culture Systems: Tumor Application, Advantages, and Disadvantages	152
Molecular Mechanisms of Atopic Dermatitis Pathogenesis	152
Rhizosphere Bacteria in Plant Growth Promotion, Biocontrol, and Bioremediation of Contaminated Sites: A Comprehensive Review of Effects and Mechanisms	152
Adipogenesis: A Complex Interplay of Multiple Molecular Determinants and Pathways	151
Functions of Osteocalcin in Bone, Pancreas, Testis, and Muscle	148
CD4 T Helper Cell Subsets and Related Human Immunological Disorders	148
Mechanism of Antimicrobial Peptides: Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory and Antibiofilm Activities	146
Investigation of Some Antiviral N-Heterocycles as COVID 19 Drug: Molecular Docking and DFT Calculations	146
Targeting Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Treatment Efficacy and Resistance in Osteosarcoma: A Review of Current and Future Strategies	146
Empagliflozin Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in High Fat Diet Fed ApoE(-/-) Mice by Activating Autophagy and Reducing ER Stress and Apoptosis	146
Ischemic Heart Disease Pathophysiology Paradigms Overview: From Plaque Activation to Microvascular Dysfunction	146
Endometrial Decidualization: The Primary Driver of Pregnancy Health	146
Monoterpenes and Their Derivatives—Recent Development in Biological and Medical Applications	145
Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Trans-Epithelial Permeability	145
Medicinal Mushrooms: Bioactive Compounds, Use, and Clinical Trials	144
Cell Death in Liver Diseases: A Review	144
Regulation of Osteoblast Differentiation by Cytokine Networks	144
Various Aspects of Calcium Signaling in the Regulation of Apoptosis, Autophagy, Cell Proliferation, and Cancer	144
On Iron Metabolism and Its Regulation	144
Tryptophan Metabolism and Gut-Brain Homeostasis	143
Glutathione in the Brain	143
Factors Influencing the Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan and Chitosan Modified by Functionalization	143
Existence of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Molecules in the Oral Cavity	142
Exosomes in Angiogenesis and Anti-angiogenic Therapy in Cancers	142
Pathogenic Pathways and Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Inflammation in Diabetic Nephropathy	142
Trichoderma: The Current Status of Its Application in Agriculture for the Biocontrol of Fungal Phytopathogens and Stimulation of Plant Growth	141
Bioactive Peptides: Synthesis, Sources, Applications, and Proposed Mechanisms of Action	141
Molecular Biological and Clinical Understanding of the Pathophysiology and Treatments of Hyperuricemia and Its Association with Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiovascular Diseases and Chronic Kidney Disease	141
Tissue-Specific Decellularization Methods: Rationale and Strategies to Achieve Regenerative Compounds	141
Autophagy and Autophagy-Related Diseases: A Review	140
Overview of MMP-13 as a Promising Target for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis	140
Urinary 8-OHdG as a Biomarker for Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis	140
Recent Updates of Transarterial Chemoembolilzation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma	138
The Significance of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cancer	138
Anti-Angiogenic Therapy: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives	138
Gut Microbiota beyond Bacteria—Mycobiome, Virome, Archaeome, and Eukaryotic Parasites in IBD	138
Switching from Apoptosis to Pyroptosis: Gasdermin-Elicited Inflammation and Antitumor Immunity	136
A Review of the Common Neurodegenerative Disorders: Current Therapeutic Approaches and the Potential Role of Nanotherapeutics	135
Cytokine Networks in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis	135
Advances in De Novo Drug Design: From Conventional to Machine Learning Methods	134
Role of Insulin Resistance in MAFLD	134
Interactions of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles with Bacterial Biofilms: Molecular Interactions behind Inhibition and Resistance	134
Interaction of Intestinal Bacteria with Human Rotavirus during Infection in Children	134
Microbial Medicine: Prebiotic and Probiotic Functional Foods to Target Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome	133
Cannabidiol for Pain Treatment: Focus on Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action	132
Gut Microbiota Metabolites in NAFLD Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications	132
Inflammatory Response Mechanisms of the Dentine–Pulp Complex and the Periapical Tissues	132
EMT and EndMT: Emerging Roles in Age-Related Macular Degeneration	132

FLASH Radiotherapy: Current Knowledge and Future Insights Using Proton-Beam Therapy	132
An Update on Vitamin D Metabolism	131
MicroRNAs in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration, Apoptosis, Inflammation, and Mechanobiology	131
The Immune Microenvironment in Pancreatic Cancer	131
MicroRNA-Based Diagnosis and Therapy	130
Ovarian Cancer Immunotherapy and Personalized Medicine	130
Clinical Application of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells to Repair Skeletal Tissue	130
Mitochondria Targeting as an Effective Strategy for Cancer Therapy	129
Gut–Brain Axis: Role of Gut Microbiota on Neurological Disorders and How Probiotics/Prebiotics Beneficially Modulate Microbial and Immune Pathways to Improve Brain Functions	128
Use of H2O2 to Cause Oxidative Stress, the Catalase Issue	128
Matrix Metalloproteinases Shape the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression	128
Neuroinflammation in Cerebral Ischemia and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Strategies	128
Fibrosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathogenesis and Consequences	128
Covid-19: The Rollercoaster of Fibrin(Ogen), D-Dimer, Von Willebrand Factor, P-Selectin and Their Interactions with Endothelial Cells, Platelets and Erythrocytes	127
Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) in Colorectal Cancer (CRC): From Mechanism to Therapy and Prognosis	127
Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease, with Emphasis on Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, and Heart Failure	127
Copper Dyshomeostasis in Neurodegenerative Diseases—Therapeutic Implications	127
Plant Secondary Metabolites as Defense Tools against Herbivores for Sustainable Crop Protection	127
Structural and Evolutionary Analysis Indicate That the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Is a Challenging Target for Small-Molecule Inhibitor Design	127
The History and Mystery of Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells: Focus on Their Physiologic and Pathologic Role in Lung	126
Bone Microenvironment and Osteosarcoma Metastasis	126
The Role of mTOR Signaling as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer	125
Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction and Its Role in COVID-19	124
Role of Leptin in Inflammation and Vice Versa	124
Bioinformatics Methods for Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Data Analysis	124
Possible Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Physical Exercise in Neurodegeneration	124
New Treatment Addressing the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis	123
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic β Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes	123
Immunotherapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma: The Future Is Now	123
WNT Signaling in Melanoma	122
The CCL20-CCR6 Axis in Cancer Progression	122
Anti-Obesity Effects of Polyphenol Intake: Current Status and Future Possibilities	122
Endometriosis: Epidemiology, Classification, Pathogenesis, Treatment and Genetics (Review of Literature)	122
RT-qPCR Testing of SARS-CoV-2: A Primer	122
Nanoparticles Modified with Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Conjugation Mechanisms, Physicochemical Properties, and Application in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy	121
Mechanisms of Abscisic Acid-Mediated Drought Stress Responses in Plants	121
The Role of Insulin Resistance and Diabetes in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	121
Functional Role of Dietary Intervention to Improve the Outcome of COVID-19: A Hypothesis of Work	121
The Multifaced Role of STAT3 in Cancer and Its Implication for Anticancer Therapy	121
The Role of the Epididymis and the Contribution of Epididymosomes to Mammalian Reproduction	120
Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutics for Osteoporosis	120
Targeting AKT/mTOR in Oral Cancer: Mechanisms and Advances in Clinical Trials	120
The Regulation of Ferroptosis by Tumor Suppressor p53 and its Pathway	120
Seed Priming: A Feasible Strategy to Enhance Drought Tolerance in Crop Plants	119
PI3K Inhibitors in Cancer: Clinical Implications and Adverse Effects	119
Small Molecule NF-κB Pathway Inhibitors in Clinic	119
Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Osteosarcoma: From Mechanisms to Therapy	118
Prediction of Novel Inhibitors of the Main Protease (M-pro) of SARS-CoV-2 through Consensus Docking and Drug Reposition	118
Defining Dry Eye from a Clinical Perspective	118
Fatty Acid Diets: Regulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Obesity and Its Related Metabolic Dysbiosis	118
Oxidative Stress and Immune System Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders	118
VEGF-A in Cardiomyocytes and Heart Diseases	118
Extracellular Vesicles as Signaling Mediators and Disease Biomarkers across Biological Barriers	117
Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: Current Research and Future Prospects	116
The Multifunctional Roles of Polyphenols in Plant-Herbivore Interactions	116
Cancer Cell Metabolism in Hypoxia: Role of HIF-1 as Key Regulator and Therapeutic Target	115
Mechanisms and Regulation of Cellular Senescence	115
Plant-Derived Antioxidants: Significance in Skin Health and the Ageing Process	115
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) and Ionic Liquids (ILs) as Biocides: From Simple Antiseptics to Tunable Antimicrobials	114
Treg Enhancing Therapies to Treat Autoimmune Diseases	114
Mechanisms of Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury	114
Osteoporosis Due to Hormone Imbalance: An Overview of the Effects of Estrogen Deficiency and Glucocorticoid Overuse on Bone Turnover	114
Legacy and Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Analytical Techniques, Environmental Fate, and Health Effects	114
The Influence of Strontium on Bone Tissue Metabolism and Its Application in Osteoporosis Treatment	113
Synthesis, Properties, and Biological Applications of Metallic Alloy Nanoparticles	113
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Their Implications in Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease	113
Genetic Markers in Lung Cancer Diagnosis: A Review	112
Effect of Physico-Chemical Properties of Nanoparticles on Their Intracellular Uptake	112
The Plants of the Asteraceae Family as Agents in the Protection of Human Health	112
The Contribution of Microglia to Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease	112
Induction of Adipose Tissue Browning as a Strategy to Combat Obesity	112
Endothelial Damage in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome	112
LncRNAs in Ovarian Cancer Progression, Metastasis, and Main Pathways: ceRNA and Alternative Mechanisms	112
The Role of Ionic Liquids in the Pharmaceutical Field: An Overview of Relevant Applications	112
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Harbinger of the Vicious Cycle of Diabetes	111
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pathogenic Roles of Diverse Immune Cells	111
The Effect of Hypoxia on the Expression of CXC Chemokines and CXC Chemokine Receptors—A Review of Literature	111
Anticancer Potential of Furanocoumarins: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Aspects	111
Stimuli-Responsive Materials for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery	111
SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immune Response and the Pathogenesis of COVID-19	110
Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Gliomas	110
An Overview of the Main Genetic, Epigenetic and Environmental Factors Involved in Autism Spectrum Disorder Focusing on Synaptic Activity	110
Differential Therapeutic Effect of Extracellular Vesicles Derived by Bone Marrow and Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Wound Healing of Diabetic Ulcers and Correlation to Their Cargoes	110
Macrophage Phenotype and Fibrosis in Diabetic Nephropathy	109
Chronic and Cycling Hypoxia: Drivers of Cancer Chronic Inflammation through HIF-1 and NF-κB Activation: A Review of the Molecular Mechanisms	109
Circulating Cell-Free Nucleic Acids: Main Characteristics and Clinical Application	109
Biological Properties, Bioactive Constituents, and Pharmacokinetics of Some Capsicum spp. and Capsaicinoids	109
Irinotecan—Still an Important Player in Cancer Chemotherapy: A Comprehensive Overview	108
Combination Drug Therapy for the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease	108
Uric Acid in Inflammation and the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis	107
Antimicrobial Peptides: An Update on Classifications and Databases	107
Strategies for Bone Regeneration: From Graft to Tissue Engineering	107
Targeting of CD163+ Macrophages in Inflammatory and Malignant Diseases	107
Cannabidiol and Other Non-Psychoactive Cannabinoids for Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disorders: Useful Nutraceuticals?	107
Diabetes during Pregnancy: A Maternal Disease Complicating the Course of Pregnancy with Long-Term Deleterious Effects on the Offspring. A Clinical Review	107