International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article	Citations
The Chemistry of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Revisited: Outlining Their Role in Biological Macromolecules (DNA, Lipids and Proteins) and Induced Pathologies	1016
Analytical Methods Used in Determining Antioxidant Activity: A Review	798
The Roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Human Diseases	779
Macrophage Polarization States in the Tumor Microenvironment	730
Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Applications	720
The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) in Autoimmune Disease and Current TNF-α Inhibitors in Therapeutics	688
Pathophysiology and Treatment of Stroke: Present Status and Future Perspectives	585
Spinal Cord Injury: Pathophysiology, Multimolecular Interactions, and Underlying Recovery Mechanisms	573
Metabolic Syndrome: Updates on Pathophysiology and Management in 2021	537
TNMplot.com: A Web Tool for the Comparison of Gene Expression in Normal, Tumor and Metastatic Tissues	513
Regulation of Plant Responses to Salt Stress	465
Neurotrophic Factor BDNF, Physiological Functions and Therapeutic Potential in Depression, Neurodegeneration and Brain Cancer	434
The MTT Assay: Utility, Limitations, Pitfalls, and Interpretation in Bulk and Single-Cell Analysis	415
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms	402
PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer: From Molecular Landscape to Clinical Aspects	391
Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020	388
The Flavonoid Biosynthesis Network in Plants	359
Current and Future Development in Lung Cancer Diagnosis	350
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Drug Metabolism in Humans	339
Gut Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids: Implications in Glucose Homeostasis	335
Fabrication and Applications of Microfluidic Devices: A Review	335
Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis	321
Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio: An Emerging Marker of the Relationships between the Immune System and Diseases	318
An Overview of Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegenerative Diseases	300
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An Audacious Pathogen with an Adaptable Arsenal of Virulence Factors	300

Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense in Plants under Salinity	286
Safe Nanoparticles: Are We There Yet?	269
A Review of the Common Neurodegenerative Disorders: Current Therapeutic Approaches and the Potential Role of Nanotherapeutics	263
Cytokines and Chemokines Involved in Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis	261
Regulation of ROS Metabolism in Plants under Environmental Stress: A Review of Recent Experimental Evidence	260
Silk Fibroin as a Functional Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering	252
Ferroptosis Mechanisms Involved in Neurodegenerative Diseases	248
Chronic Low Grade Inflammation in Pathogenesis of PCOS	248
Hepcidin-Ferroportin Interaction Controls Systemic Iron Homeostasis	248
Fibromyalgia: Pathogenesis, Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment Options Update	246
Function and Mechanism of Jasmonic Acid in Plant Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses	241
Effects of Ketone Bodies on Brain Metabolism and Function in Neurodegenerative Diseases	239
Multiple Functions of MYB Transcription Factors in Abiotic Stress Responses	238
The Immune Functions of Keratinocytes in Skin Wound Healing	233
Advances in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery	230
Recent Updates of Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment on Osteoarthritis of the Knee	230
Rhizosphere Bacteria in Plant Growth Promotion, Biocontrol, and Bioremediation of Contaminated Sites: A Comprehensive Review of Effects and Mechanisms	227
CC Chemokines in a Tumor: A Review of Pro-Cancer and Anti-Cancer Properties of the Ligands of Receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CCR4	227
MicroRNA-Based Diagnosis and Therapy	225
Factors Influencing the Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan and Chitosan Modified by Functionalization	222
Terpenes and Terpenoids in Plants: Interactions with Environment and Insects	222
Bioactive Peptides: Synthesis, Sources, Applications, and Proposed Mechanisms of Action	220
Molecular Mechanisms of Atopic Dermatitis Pathogenesis	216
3D Cell Culture Systems: Tumor Application, Advantages, and Disadvantages	216
Biological Properties and Prospects for the Application of Eugenol—A Review	215
Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Immunosuppressive Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review	215
Endothelial Dysfunction, Inflammation and Coronary Artery Disease: Potential Biomarkers and Promising Therapeutical Approaches	215
Molecular Biological and Clinical Understanding of the Pathophysiology and Treatments of Hyperuricemia and Its Association with Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiovascular Diseases and Chronic Kidney Disease	210
Plant Secondary Metabolites as Defense Tools against Herbivores for Sustainable Crop Protection	209
Trichoderma: The Current Status of Its Application in Agriculture for the Biocontrol of Fungal Phytopathogens and Stimulation of Plant Growth	208
Inflammation-Related Biomarkers for the Prediction of Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer Patients	207
Plant Responses to Heat Stress: Physiology, Transcription, Noncoding RNAs, and Epigenetics	207
Cytokine Networks in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis	206
Mechanism of Antimicrobial Peptides: Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory and Antibiofilm Activities	204
Tryptophan Metabolism and Gut-Brain Homeostasis	204
CC Chemokines in a Tumor: A Review of Pro-Cancer and Anti-Cancer Properties of Receptors CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, and CCR10 Ligands	202
Oxidative Stress, Plant Natural Antioxidants, and Obesity	201
MYB-Mediated Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis	200
Lactic Acid and an Acidic Tumor Microenvironment suppress Anticancer Immunity	199
Chitosan and Cellulose-Based Hydrogels for Wound Management	197
Neurodegeneration and Inflammation—An Interesting Interplay in Parkinson’s Disease	197
Role of Cadherins in Cancer—A Review	196
On Iron Metabolism and Its Regulation	195
Neuroinflammation in Cerebral Ischemia and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Strategies	191
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration and Muscle Reinnervation	190
Regulation of Osteoblast Differentiation by Cytokine Networks	189
Molecular Mechanisms of Colon Cancer Progression and Metastasis: Recent Insights and Advancements	189
CD4 T Helper Cell Subsets and Related Human Immunological Disorders	188
Role of Insulin Resistance in MAFLD	187
Lipid Peroxidation and Iron Metabolism: Two Corner Stones in the Homeostasis Control of Ferroptosis	186

Medicinal Mushrooms: Bioactive Compounds, Use, and Clinical Trials	185
Glutathione in the Brain	185
Large-Scale Plasma Analysis Revealed New Mechanisms and Molecules Associated with the Host Response to SARS-CoV-2	184
Osteoporosis Due to Hormone Imbalance: An Overview of the Effects of Estrogen Deficiency and Glucocorticoid Overuse on Bone Turnover	184
Anti-Angiogenic Therapy: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives	181
Cancer Cell Metabolism in Hypoxia: Role of HIF-1 as Key Regulator and Therapeutic Target	180
Use of H2O2 to Cause Oxidative Stress, the Catalase Issue	180
Matrix Metalloproteinases Shape the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression	179
Inflammatory Response Mechanisms of the Dentine–Pulp Complex and the Periapical Tissues	179
Ovarian Cancer Immunotherapy and Personalized Medicine	177
Ischemic Heart Disease Pathophysiology Paradigms Overview: From Plaque Activation to Microvascular Dysfunction	177
Functions of Osteocalcin in Bone, Pancreas, Testis, and Muscle	176
Various Aspects of Calcium Signaling in the Regulation of Apoptosis, Autophagy, Cell Proliferation, and Cancer	175
Endometriosis: Epidemiology, Classification, Pathogenesis, Treatment and Genetics (Review of Literature)	175
Overview of MMP-13 as a Promising Target for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis	175
Autophagy and Autophagy-Related Diseases: A Review	175
Empagliflozin Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in High Fat Diet Fed ApoE(-/-) Mice by Activating Autophagy and Reducing ER Stress and Apoptosis	174
Advances in De Novo Drug Design: From Conventional to Machine Learning Methods	173
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pathogenic Roles of Diverse Immune Cells	171
Cell Death in Liver Diseases: A Review	170
Mechanisms of Abscisic Acid-Mediated Drought Stress Responses in Plants	170
Chronic and Cycling Hypoxia: Drivers of Cancer Chronic Inflammation through HIF-1 and NF-κB Activation: A Review of the Molecular Mechanisms	167
Recent Updates of Transarterial Chemoembolilzation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma	165
Fibrosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathogenesis and Consequences	165
Interaction of Intestinal Bacteria with Human Rotavirus during Infection in Children	162
The Multifaced Role of STAT3 in Cancer and Its Implication for Anticancer Therapy	162
Role of Insulin in Health and Disease: An Update	161
Copper Dyshomeostasis in Neurodegenerative Diseases—Therapeutic Implications	161
Plant-Derived Antioxidants: Significance in Skin Health and the Ageing Process	160
Gut–Brain Axis: Role of Gut Microbiota on Neurological Disorders and How Probiotics/Prebiotics Beneficially Modulate Microbial and Immune Pathways to Improve Brain Functions	159
Interactions of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles with Bacterial Biofilms: Molecular Interactions behind Inhibition and Resistance	159
Cannabidiol for Pain Treatment: Focus on Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action	158
Switching from Apoptosis to Pyroptosis: Gasdermin-Elicited Inflammation and Antitumor Immunity	158
Advances in Lipid Extraction Methods—A Review	158
New Treatment Addressing the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis	158
The Immune Microenvironment in Pancreatic Cancer	157
Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) in Colorectal Cancer (CRC): From Mechanism to Therapy and Prognosis	156
Benzo[a]pyrene—Environmental Occurrence, Human Exposure, and Mechanisms of Toxicity	156
The Role of Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease	155
Mechanisms and Regulation of Cellular Senescence	155
SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immune Response and the Pathogenesis of COVID-19	155
Contribution of Exogenous Proline to Abiotic Stresses Tolerance in Plants: A Review	155
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic β Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes	152
Clinical Application of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells to Repair Skeletal Tissue	152
Seed Priming: A Feasible Strategy to Enhance Drought Tolerance in Crop Plants	152
Mitochondria as a Cellular Hub in Infection and Inflammation	150
Antimicrobial Peptides: An Update on Classifications and Databases	150
The Apoptosis Paradox in Cancer	150
Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutics for Osteoporosis	150
Legacy and Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Analytical Techniques, Environmental Fate, and Health Effects	149
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress—A Causative Factor and Therapeutic Target in Many Diseases	149
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Pathogenesis, Management, and Drug Repurposing	149
Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Gliomas	148
The Role of mTOR Signaling as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer	147
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) and Ionic Liquids (ILs) as Biocides: From Simple Antiseptics to Tunable Antimicrobials	147
Growth Factors, PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis: Where Are We Now?	147
Interaction between Lipopolysaccharide and Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases	146
The Influence of Strontium on Bone Tissue Metabolism and Its Application in Osteoporosis Treatment	145
The History and Mystery of Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells: Focus on Their Physiologic and Pathologic Role in Lung	145
The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise	144
Defining Dry Eye from a Clinical Perspective	144
PI3K Inhibitors in Cancer: Clinical Implications and Adverse Effects	144
The Regulation of Ferroptosis by Tumor Suppressor p53 and its Pathway	144
Strategies for Bone Regeneration: From Graft to Tissue Engineering	143
ICE-CBF-COR Signaling Cascade and Its Regulation in Plants Responding to Cold Stress	142
The Plants of the Asteraceae Family as Agents in the Protection of Human Health	141
The Contribution of Microglia to Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease	141
Effect of Physico-Chemical Properties of Nanoparticles on Their Intracellular Uptake	141
Uric Acid in Inflammation and the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis	140
Oxidative Stress in Ageing and Chronic Degenerative Pathologies: Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Counteracting Oxidative Stress and Chronic Inflammation	140
Smart Hydrogels for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems	139
The Effect of Hypoxia on the Expression of CXC Chemokines and CXC Chemokine Receptors—A Review of Literature	139
Atrial Fibrillation: Pathogenesis, Predisposing Factors, and Genetics	139
Differential Therapeutic Effect of Extracellular Vesicles Derived by Bone Marrow and Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Wound Healing of Diabetic Ulcers and Correlation to Their Cargoes	138
Inflammatory Molecules Associated with Ultraviolet Radiation-Mediated Skin Aging	138
PLGA-Based Composites for Various Biomedical Applications	138
Macrophage Polarity and Disease Control	137
Endothelial Damage in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome	137
Molecular Mechanisms of Treatment Resistance in Glioblastoma	137
The Multifunctional Roles of Polyphenols in Plant-Herbivore Interactions	136

Role of JAK/STAT in Interstitial Lung Diseases; Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms	135
Alzheimer’s Disease: Treatment Strategies and Their Limitations	135
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Foods: Biological Effects, Legislation, Occurrence, Analytical Methods, and Strategies to Reduce Their Formation	135
A Comprehensive Review: Sphingolipid Metabolism and Implications of Disruption in Sphingolipid Homeostasis	134
Insulin and Insulin Resistance in Alzheimer’s Disease	134
Diabetes during Pregnancy: A Maternal Disease Complicating the Course of Pregnancy with Long-Term Deleterious Effects on the Offspring. A Clinical Review	134
Serum Albumin in Health and Disease: Esterase, Antioxidant, Transporting and Signaling Properties	134
Novel CRISPR–Cas Systems: An Updated Review of the Current Achievements, Applications, and Future Research Perspectives	134
The Role of Ionic Liquids in the Pharmaceutical Field: An Overview of Relevant Applications	134
An Overview of the Main Genetic, Epigenetic and Environmental Factors Involved in Autism Spectrum Disorder Focusing on Synaptic Activity	133
Recent Advances in Hydroxyapatite-Based Biocomposites for Bone Tissue Regeneration in Orthopedics	133
Hypoalbuminemia as Surrogate and Culprit of Infections	132
LncRNAs in Ovarian Cancer Progression, Metastasis, and Main Pathways: ceRNA and Alternative Mechanisms	132
Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Innate Immune System	131
Biochemistry of Terpenes and Recent Advances in Plant Protection	131
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Their Implications in Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease	131
Sequence, Chromatin and Evolution of Satellite DNA	131
Oxidative Stress, Testicular Inflammatory Pathways, and Male Reproduction	131
The Influence of Cell Cycle Regulation on Chemotherapy	131
Tight Junctions as a Key for Pathogens Invasion in Intestinal Epithelial Cells	130
Do TUNEL and Other Apoptosis Assays Detect Cell Death in Preclinical Studies?	130
Pathophysiological Aspects of Alcohol Metabolism in the Liver	130
What Are Reactive Oxygen Species, Free Radicals, and Oxidative Stress in Skin Diseases?	128
Current Status of the Diagnosis and Management of Osteoporosis	127
Secretory IgA in Intestinal Mucosal Secretions as an Adaptive Barrier against Microbial Cells	127
The Role of α-Synuclein Oligomers in Parkinson’s Disease	126
Role of HSP90 in Cancer	125
Tetraspanins, More than Markers of Extracellular Vesicles in Reproduction	125
Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation by Intrinsically Disordered Protein Regions of Viruses: Roles in Viral Life Cycle and Control of Virus–Host Interactions	125
Osteoporosis in Men: A Review of an Underestimated Bone Condition	124
Regulation and Role of Transcription Factors in Osteogenesis	124
Current Trends and Future Prospects of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma	124
Current Understanding of bHLH Transcription Factors in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance	123
The Machinery of Exosomes: Biogenesis, Release, and Uptake	123
Epigenetics of Aging and Aging-Associated Diseases	123
Biocompatibility and Cytotoxicity of Gold Nanoparticles: Recent Advances in Methodologies and Regulations	123
Basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) Transcription Factors Regulate a Wide Range of Functions in Arabidopsis	122
Treatments for NAFLD: State of Art	122
ISSVA Classification of Vascular Anomalies and Molecular Biology	122
miRNA: A Promising Therapeutic Target in Cancer	122
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Obesity-Related Inflammation	122
Neuroprotective Effects of Coffee Bioactive Compounds: A Review	122
Deep Learning in Virtual Screening: Recent Applications and Developments	121
Overcoming Immune Evasion in Melanoma	121
The Functions and Unique Features of LncRNAs in Cancer Development and Tumorigenesis	121
Putative Origins of Cell-Free DNA in Humans: A Review of Active and Passive Nucleic Acid Release Mechanisms	121
Leaky Gut: Effect of Dietary Fiber and Fats on Microbiome and Intestinal Barrier	121
Uric Acid and Oxidative Stress—Relationship with Cardiovascular, Metabolic, and Renal Impairment	121
Skin Aging, Cellular Senescence and Natural Polyphenols	121
Current Understanding of Neurofibromatosis Type 1, 2, and Schwannomatosis	120
Regulation and Function of Defense-Related Callose Deposition in Plants	120
Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus	120
Cancer Cachexia: Its Mechanism and Clinical Significance	119
Nanoparticles in Clinical Translation for Cancer Therapy	119
Epigenetic Mechanisms of Plant Adaptation to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses	119
Effects of Dietary n–3 and n–6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Inflammation and Cancerogenesis	119
Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier: Advances in Nanoparticle Technology for Drug Delivery in Neuro-Oncology	119
Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Syndrome	119
The Endocannabinoid System: A Potential Target for the Treatment of Various Diseases	119
Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), NOD-Like Receptors (NLRs), and RIG-I-Like Receptors (RLRs) in Innate Immunity. TLRs, NLRs, and RLRs Ligands as Immunotherapeutic Agents for Hematopoietic Diseases	119
Bacterial Cellulose: Production, Characterization, and Application as Antimicrobial Agent	118
Hydrogel Encapsulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derived Exosomes for Tissue Engineering	118
Brassinosteroids (BRs) Role in Plant Development and Coping with Different Stresses	117
The Impact of Radiation-Induced DNA Damage on cGAS-STING-Mediated Immune Responses to Cancer	117
The Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment on Macrophage Polarization in Cancer Metastatic Progression	117
Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitophagy in Skeletal Muscle Health and Aging	117
Neurotransmitters—Key Factors in Neurological and Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Central Nervous System	117
Breast Cancer Metastasis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications	117
Tocopherols and Tocotrienols—Bioactive Dietary Compounds; What Is Certain, What Is Doubt?	117
Hyperinsulinemia and Its Pivotal Role in Aging, Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer	116
Inflammation-Induced Tumorigenesis and Metastasis	116
miRNAs in Cancer (Review of Literature)	115
Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Skin Regeneration and Rejuvenation	115
Advances in Growth Factor Delivery for Bone Tissue Engineering	115
Monkeypox: A New Threat?	115
Aptamer-Functionalized Nanoparticles in Targeted Delivery and Cancer Therapy	115
Can SARS-CoV-2 Virus Use Multiple Receptors to Enter Host Cells?	115
Molecular Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid-Induced Insulin Resistance	114
Mitophagy in Human Diseases	114
Clinical Trials of Stem Cell Therapy for Cerebral Ischemic Stroke	113
Recent Progress in Biopolymer-Based Hydrogel Materials for Biomedical Applications	113
Antioxidant Activity and Healthy Benefits of Natural Pigments in Fruits: A Review	112
ABA Metabolism and Homeostasis in Seed Dormancy and Germination	111
Recent Advances in Oligonucleotide Therapeutics in Oncology	111
Hexokinase 2 in Cancer: A Prima Donna Playing Multiple Characters	111
CYP2E1 in Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Liver Injury. Roles of ROS, Reactive Intermediates and Lipid Overload	111
Ionic Liquids—A Review of Their Toxicity to Living Organisms	111
Structural and Biochemical Features of Human Serum Albumin Essential for Eukaryotic Cell Culture	111
Effects of Abiotic Stress on Soil Microbiome	111
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of the Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secretome from Adipose, Bone Marrow, Placenta and Wharton’s Jelly	111
Molecular Aspects of Mycotoxins—A Serious Problem for Human Health	110
The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13) in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Pathological Processes	110
Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Driver of Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease	110
Aging, Cellular Senescence, and Alzheimer’s Disease	109
Bovine Milk-Derived Exosomes as a Drug Delivery Vehicle for miRNA-Based Therapy	109