International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article	Citations
Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1148
The Chemistry of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Revisited: Outlining Their Role in Biological Macromolecules (DNA, Lipids and Proteins) and Induced Pathologies	853
NRF2, a Transcription Factor for Stress Response and Beyond	720
Analytical Methods Used in Determining Antioxidant Activity: A Review	694
The Roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Human Diseases	688
Macrophage Polarization States in the Tumor Microenvironment	631
Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Applications	613
The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) in Autoimmune Disease and Current TNF-α Inhibitors in Therapeutics	583
Pathophysiology and Treatment of Stroke: Present Status and Future Perspectives	528
Spinal Cord Injury: Pathophysiology, Multimolecular Interactions, and Underlying Recovery Mechanisms	515
Metabolic Syndrome: Updates on Pathophysiology and Management in 2021	472
TNMplot.com: A Web Tool for the Comparison of Gene Expression in Normal, Tumor and Metastatic Tissues	465
Nutritional Indices for Assessing Fatty Acids: A Mini-Review	432
Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Association with Signalling Pathways in Inflammation, Glucose and Lipid Metabolism	421
Regulation of Plant Responses to Salt Stress	417
Neurotrophic Factor BDNF, Physiological Functions and Therapeutic Potential in Depression, Neurodegeneration and Brain Cancer	382
Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020	377
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms	371
A Review of Exosomal Isolation Methods: Is Size Exclusion Chromatography the Best Option?	343
PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer: From Molecular Landscape to Clinical Aspects	340
The MTT Assay: Utility, Limitations, Pitfalls, and Interpretation in Bulk and Single-Cell Analysis	338
ROS Homeostasis in Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants	319
Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms in Ischemic Stroke: Focus on Cardioembolic Stroke, Background, and Therapeutic Approaches	317
The Flavonoid Biosynthesis Network in Plants	312
Current and Future Development in Lung Cancer Diagnosis	289

Fabrication and Applications of Microfluidic Devices: A Review	285
Gut Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids: Implications in Glucose Homeostasis	281
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An Audacious Pathogen with an Adaptable Arsenal of Virulence Factors	270
Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio: An Emerging Marker of the Relationships between the Immune System and Diseases	258
Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis	256
A New Era of Antibiotics: The Clinical Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides	255
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Drug Metabolism in Humans	252
An Overview of Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegenerative Diseases	244
Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense in Plants under Salinity	241
Safe Nanoparticles: Are We There Yet?	232
Cytokines and Chemokines Involved in Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis	230
Regulation of ROS Metabolism in Plants under Environmental Stress: A Review of Recent Experimental Evidence	229
Ferroptosis Mechanisms Involved in Neurodegenerative Diseases	226
Chronic Low Grade Inflammation in Pathogenesis of PCOS	225
Hepcidin-Ferroportin Interaction Controls Systemic Iron Homeostasis	225
Silk Fibroin as a Functional Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering	222
Effects of Ketone Bodies on Brain Metabolism and Function in Neurodegenerative Diseases	218
Potential Mechanisms of Bisphenol A (BPA) Contributing to Human Disease	217
Cinnamic Acid Derivatives and Their Biological Efficacy	212
Fibromyalgia: Pathogenesis, Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment Options Update	208
Neuroprotective Effect of Antioxidants in the Brain	207
Multiple Functions of MYB Transcription Factors in Abiotic Stress Responses	204
Function and Mechanism of Jasmonic Acid in Plant Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses	204
Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Immunosuppressive Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review	203
The Immune Functions of Keratinocytes in Skin Wound Healing	203
Regulation of Filaggrin, Loricrin, and Involucrin by IL-4, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-22, AHR, and NRF2: Pathogenic Implications in Atopic Dermatitis	201
CRISPR-Cas9 DNA Base-Editing and Prime-Editing	200
Advances in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery	199
Rhizosphere Bacteria in Plant Growth Promotion, Biocontrol, and Bioremediation of Contaminated Sites: A Comprehensive Review of Effects and Mechanisms	199
A Review of the Common Neurodegenerative Disorders: Current Therapeutic Approaches and the Potential Role of Nanotherapeutics	198
Ferroptosis in Liver Diseases: An Overview	197
CC Chemokines in a Tumor: A Review of Pro-Cancer and Anti-Cancer Properties of the Ligands of Receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CCR4	196
Terpenes and Terpenoids in Plants: Interactions with Environment and Insects	196
Recent Updates of Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment on Osteoarthritis of the Knee	195
Ionic Liquids Toxicity—Benefits and Threats	193
Biological Properties and Prospects for the Application of Eugenol—A Review	190
Lactic Acid and an Acidic Tumor Microenvironment suppress Anticancer Immunity	188
mRNA Vaccine Era—Mechanisms, Drug Platform and Clinical Prospection	188
MYB-Mediated Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis	187
Neurodegeneration and Inflammation—An Interesting Interplay in Parkinson’s Disease	186
Role of Cadherins in Cancer—A Review	186
Inflammation-Related Biomarkers for the Prediction of Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer Patients	186
Osteocyte-Related Cytokines Regulate Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption	185
Oxidative Stress, Plant Natural Antioxidants, and Obesity	185
Factors Influencing the Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan and Chitosan Modified by Functionalization	185
CC Chemokines in a Tumor: A Review of Pro-Cancer and Anti-Cancer Properties of Receptors CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, and CCR10 Ligands	184
3D Cell Culture Systems: Tumor Application, Advantages, and Disadvantages	183
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in Neurodegenerative Diseases	183
Plant Responses to Heat Stress: Physiology, Transcription, Noncoding RNAs, and Epigenetics	181
Large-Scale Plasma Analysis Revealed New Mechanisms and Molecules Associated with the Host Response to SARS-CoV-2	180

Bioactive Peptides: Synthesis, Sources, Applications, and Proposed Mechanisms of Action	180
Spheroids as a Type of Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures—Examples of Methods of Preparation and the Most Important Application	180
Chitosan and Cellulose-Based Hydrogels for Wound Management	179
Molecular Biological and Clinical Understanding of the Pathophysiology and Treatments of Hyperuricemia and Its Association with Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiovascular Diseases and Chronic Kidney Disease	179
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration and Muscle Reinnervation	177
MicroRNA-Based Diagnosis and Therapy	177
Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation in Crowded Environments	175
Endothelial Dysfunction, Inflammation and Coronary Artery Disease: Potential Biomarkers and Promising Therapeutical Approaches	174
Tryptophan Metabolism and Gut-Brain Homeostasis	174
Mechanism of Antimicrobial Peptides: Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory and Antibiofilm Activities	172
Molecular Mechanisms of Atopic Dermatitis Pathogenesis	172
Cytokine Networks in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis	171
Molecular Mechanisms of Colon Cancer Progression and Metastasis: Recent Insights and Advancements	171
Trichoderma: The Current Status of Its Application in Agriculture for the Biocontrol of Fungal Phytopathogens and Stimulation of Plant Growth	170
On Iron Metabolism and Its Regulation	170
Targeting Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Treatment Efficacy and Resistance in Osteosarcoma: A Review of Current and Future Strategies	168
Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Trans-Epithelial Permeability	168
Plant Secondary Metabolites as Defense Tools against Herbivores for Sustainable Crop Protection	166
Medicinal Mushrooms: Bioactive Compounds, Use, and Clinical Trials	166
CD4 T Helper Cell Subsets and Related Human Immunological Disorders	165
Regulation of Osteoblast Differentiation by Cytokine Networks	164
The Significance of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cancer	164
Glutathione in the Brain	163
Role of Insulin Resistance in MAFLD	162
Anti-Angiogenic Therapy: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives	162
Empagliflozin Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in High Fat Diet Fed ApoE(-/-) Mice by Activating Autophagy and Reducing ER Stress and Apoptosis	162
Monoterpenes and Their Derivatives—Recent Development in Biological and Medical Applications	161
Neuroinflammation in Cerebral Ischemia and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Strategies	160
Overview of MMP-13 as a Promising Target for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis	160
Various Aspects of Calcium Signaling in the Regulation of Apoptosis, Autophagy, Cell Proliferation, and Cancer	159
Tissue-Specific Decellularization Methods: Rationale and Strategies to Achieve Regenerative Compounds	159
Autophagy and Autophagy-Related Diseases: A Review	159
Ischemic Heart Disease Pathophysiology Paradigms Overview: From Plaque Activation to Microvascular Dysfunction	158
Advances in De Novo Drug Design: From Conventional to Machine Learning Methods	158
Functions of Osteocalcin in Bone, Pancreas, Testis, and Muscle	157
Inflammatory Response Mechanisms of the Dentine–Pulp Complex and the Periapical Tissues	156
Cell Death in Liver Diseases: A Review	156
Exosomes in Angiogenesis and Anti-angiogenic Therapy in Cancers	156
Recent Updates of Transarterial Chemoembolilzation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma	152
Ovarian Cancer Immunotherapy and Personalized Medicine	151
An Update on Vitamin D Metabolism	151
Interaction of Intestinal Bacteria with Human Rotavirus during Infection in Children	151
Use of H2O2 to Cause Oxidative Stress, the Catalase Issue	151
FLASH Radiotherapy: Current Knowledge and Future Insights Using Proton-Beam Therapy	151
Endometriosis: Epidemiology, Classification, Pathogenesis, Treatment and Genetics (Review of Literature)	150
Matrix Metalloproteinases Shape the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression	150
Switching from Apoptosis to Pyroptosis: Gasdermin-Elicited Inflammation and Antitumor Immunity	148
Osteoporosis Due to Hormone Imbalance: An Overview of the Effects of Estrogen Deficiency and Glucocorticoid Overuse on Bone Turnover	147
Existence of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Molecules in the Oral Cavity	147
Gut Microbiota Metabolites in NAFLD Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications	146
Mechanisms of Abscisic Acid-Mediated Drought Stress Responses in Plants	146
Chronic and Cycling Hypoxia: Drivers of Cancer Chronic Inflammation through HIF-1 and NF-κB Activation: A Review of the Molecular Mechanisms	146
Cannabidiol for Pain Treatment: Focus on Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action	146
The Immune Microenvironment in Pancreatic Cancer	145
Copper Dyshomeostasis in Neurodegenerative Diseases—Therapeutic Implications	145
Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease, with Emphasis on Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, and Heart Failure	145
Cancer Cell Metabolism in Hypoxia: Role of HIF-1 as Key Regulator and Therapeutic Target	144
Interactions of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles with Bacterial Biofilms: Molecular Interactions behind Inhibition and Resistance	143
Bone Microenvironment and Osteosarcoma Metastasis	143
Mechanisms and Regulation of Cellular Senescence	142
New Treatment Addressing the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis	141
Clinical Application of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells to Repair Skeletal Tissue	141
Plant-Derived Antioxidants: Significance in Skin Health and the Ageing Process	140
Gut–Brain Axis: Role of Gut Microbiota on Neurological Disorders and How Probiotics/Prebiotics Beneficially Modulate Microbial and Immune Pathways to Improve Brain Functions	139
Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutics for Osteoporosis	139
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic β Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes	139
Possible Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Physical Exercise in Neurodegeneration	139
Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) in Colorectal Cancer (CRC): From Mechanism to Therapy and Prognosis	139
The Role of the Epididymis and the Contribution of Epididymosomes to Mammalian Reproduction	138
Seed Priming: A Feasible Strategy to Enhance Drought Tolerance in Crop Plants	138
Advances in Lipid Extraction Methods—A Review	137
The History and Mystery of Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells: Focus on Their Physiologic and Pathologic Role in Lung	137
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pathogenic Roles of Diverse Immune Cells	137
VEGF-A in Cardiomyocytes and Heart Diseases	136
Lipid Peroxidation and Iron Metabolism: Two Corner Stones in the Homeostasis Control of Ferroptosis	136
Role of Leptin in Inflammation and Vice Versa	136
PI3K Inhibitors in Cancer: Clinical Implications and Adverse Effects	135
The CCL20-CCR6 Axis in Cancer Progression	135
Role of Insulin in Health and Disease: An Update	135
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) and Ionic Liquids (ILs) as Biocides: From Simple Antiseptics to Tunable Antimicrobials	134

Treg Enhancing Therapies to Treat Autoimmune Diseases	134
The Multifaced Role of STAT3 in Cancer and Its Implication for Anticancer Therapy	134
The Role of mTOR Signaling as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer	133
Small Molecule NF-κB Pathway Inhibitors in Clinic	133
The Regulation of Ferroptosis by Tumor Suppressor p53 and its Pathway	133
Contribution of Exogenous Proline to Abiotic Stresses Tolerance in Plants: A Review	133
WNT Signaling in Melanoma	132
Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: Current Research and Future Prospects	131
Legacy and Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Analytical Techniques, Environmental Fate, and Health Effects	131
Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Gliomas	130
Covid-19: The Rollercoaster of Fibrin(Ogen), D-Dimer, Von Willebrand Factor, P-Selectin and Their Interactions with Endothelial Cells, Platelets and Erythrocytes	130
Strategies for Bone Regeneration: From Graft to Tissue Engineering	129
Anti-Obesity Effects of Polyphenol Intake: Current Status and Future Possibilities	129
Defining Dry Eye from a Clinical Perspective	128
The Effect of Hypoxia on the Expression of CXC Chemokines and CXC Chemokine Receptors—A Review of Literature	127
An Overview of the Main Genetic, Epigenetic and Environmental Factors Involved in Autism Spectrum Disorder Focusing on Synaptic Activity	127
Growth Factors, PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis: Where Are We Now?	127
Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Osteosarcoma: From Mechanisms to Therapy	127
The Plants of the Asteraceae Family as Agents in the Protection of Human Health	127
Role of JAK/STAT in Interstitial Lung Diseases; Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms	127
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Harbinger of the Vicious Cycle of Diabetes	127
The Influence of Strontium on Bone Tissue Metabolism and Its Application in Osteoporosis Treatment	127
The Role of Ionic Liquids in the Pharmaceutical Field: An Overview of Relevant Applications	127
Mitochondria as a Cellular Hub in Infection and Inflammation	126
The Multifunctional Roles of Polyphenols in Plant-Herbivore Interactions	126
The Contribution of Microglia to Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease	126
Synthesis, Properties, and Biological Applications of Metallic Alloy Nanoparticles	126
Irinotecan—Still an Important Player in Cancer Chemotherapy: A Comprehensive Overview	126
Endothelial Damage in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome	126
Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction and Its Role in COVID-19	125
Antimicrobial Peptides: An Update on Classifications and Databases	125
Molecular Mechanisms of Treatment Resistance in Glioblastoma	125
SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immune Response and the Pathogenesis of COVID-19	125
Circulating Cell-Free Nucleic Acids: Main Characteristics and Clinical Application	124
Stimuli-Responsive Materials for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery	124
LncRNAs in Ovarian Cancer Progression, Metastasis, and Main Pathways: ceRNA and Alternative Mechanisms	123
Differential Therapeutic Effect of Extracellular Vesicles Derived by Bone Marrow and Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Wound Healing of Diabetic Ulcers and Correlation to Their Cargoes	123
The Apoptosis Paradox in Cancer	123
Uric Acid in Inflammation and the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis	123
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Their Implications in Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease	123
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Foods: Biological Effects, Legislation, Occurrence, Analytical Methods, and Strategies to Reduce Their Formation	122
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress—A Causative Factor and Therapeutic Target in Many Diseases	122
Induction of Adipose Tissue Browning as a Strategy to Combat Obesity	122
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Pathogenesis, Management, and Drug Repurposing	122
Benzo[a]pyrene—Environmental Occurrence, Human Exposure, and Mechanisms of Toxicity	121
Smart Hydrogels for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems	121
The Role of Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease	121
Effect of Physico-Chemical Properties of Nanoparticles on Their Intracellular Uptake	121
Diabetes during Pregnancy: A Maternal Disease Complicating the Course of Pregnancy with Long-Term Deleterious Effects on the Offspring. A Clinical Review	120
Anticancer Potential of Furanocoumarins: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Aspects	120
ICE-CBF-COR Signaling Cascade and Its Regulation in Plants Responding to Cold Stress	120
Methods Favoring Homology-Directed Repair Choice in Response to CRISPR/Cas9 Induced-Double Strand Breaks	119
Targeting of CD163+ Macrophages in Inflammatory and Malignant Diseases	119
Biological Properties, Bioactive Constituents, and Pharmacokinetics of Some Capsicum spp. and Capsaicinoids	119
A Comprehensive Review: Sphingolipid Metabolism and Implications of Disruption in Sphingolipid Homeostasis	119
Atrial Fibrillation: Pathogenesis, Predisposing Factors, and Genetics	119
Secretory IgA in Intestinal Mucosal Secretions as an Adaptive Barrier against Microbial Cells	119
Interaction between Lipopolysaccharide and Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases	118
Biochemistry of Terpenes and Recent Advances in Plant Protection	118
Novel CRISPR–Cas Systems: An Updated Review of the Current Achievements, Applications, and Future Research Perspectives	118
Inflammatory Molecules Associated with Ultraviolet Radiation-Mediated Skin Aging	118
Oxidative Stress in Ageing and Chronic Degenerative Pathologies: Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Counteracting Oxidative Stress and Chronic Inflammation	117
Oxidative Stress, Testicular Inflammatory Pathways, and Male Reproduction	117
Serum Albumin in Health and Disease: Esterase, Antioxidant, Transporting and Signaling Properties	117
Tight Junctions as a Key for Pathogens Invasion in Intestinal Epithelial Cells	117
Sequence, Chromatin and Evolution of Satellite DNA	117
The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise	117
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Obesity-Related Inflammation	116
AMPK, Mitochondrial Function, and Cardiovascular Disease	116
Current Trends and Future Prospects of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma	116
Insulin and Insulin Resistance in Alzheimer’s Disease	116
Putative Origins of Cell-Free DNA in Humans: A Review of Active and Passive Nucleic Acid Release Mechanisms	116
PLGA-Based Composites for Various Biomedical Applications	116
The Influence of Cell Cycle Regulation on Chemotherapy	116
Selectivity of Transport Processes in Ion-Exchange Membranes: Relationship with the Structure and Methods for Its Improvement	115
Do TUNEL and Other Apoptosis Assays Detect Cell Death in Preclinical Studies?	115
Pathophysiological Aspects of Alcohol Metabolism in the Liver	114
Tetraspanins, More than Markers of Extracellular Vesicles in Reproduction	114
Can SARS-CoV-2 Virus Use Multiple Receptors to Enter Host Cells?	114
What Are Reactive Oxygen Species, Free Radicals, and Oxidative Stress in Skin Diseases?	113
Monkeypox: A New Threat?	113
The Functions and Unique Features of LncRNAs in Cancer Development and Tumorigenesis	113
Interleukin-6 in Rheumatoid Arthritis	113
Quercetin as an Agent for Protecting the Bone: A Review of the Current Evidence	113
ROS in Platelet Biology: Functional Aspects and Methodological Insights	112
Regulation and Role of Transcription Factors in Osteogenesis	112
Clinical Assessment, Genetics, and Treatment Approaches in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)	112
Deep Learning in Virtual Screening: Recent Applications and Developments	111
Hypoalbuminemia as Surrogate and Culprit of Infections	111
Signaling Pathways That Control Muscle Mass	110
Targeting Cannabinoid Receptors: Current Status and Prospects of Natural Products	110
Basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) Transcription Factors Regulate a Wide Range of Functions in Arabidopsis	110
The Role of α-Synuclein Oligomers in Parkinson’s Disease	110
Treatments for NAFLD: State of Art	110
Roles of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in Stimulating Salinity Stress Defense in Plants: A Review	109